CN113711822A - Ozone water sterilization method - Google Patents
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ozone water sterilization method, which comprises the following steps: pre-spraying before field planting; spraying when crops grow; harvesting and spraying crops; wherein, the spraying during the crop growth comprises at least one of disease prevention spraying, disease treatment spraying and cooling spraying. The ozone water sterilization method utilizes the excellent sterilization characteristic of ozone, simultaneously, the decomposition product is oxygen harmless to human bodies, secondary pollution and drug resistance do not exist, the types and the quantity of used pesticides are reduced, pesticide residues and pollution are reduced, the quality of fruits and vegetables is improved, the planting environment is protected, sustainable planting is realized, and in addition, the fruits and vegetables have good taste and less mildew due to less pesticide residues, and the economic benefit is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop sterilization, and particularly relates to an ozone water sterilization method.
Background
In traditional agriculture, facility agriculture solves the problem that vegetables and fruits cannot be planted in winter, but simultaneously plant growth habit is disturbed, so that some germs, sclerotium, insect sources and the like which can not live in winter can survive in a shed and infect crops growing in the next season, and in order to ensure the growth of the crops, the germs and the like are usually killed by adopting pesticides. However, pathogenic bacteria and the like also generate drug resistance, so that diseases are increased, the number of used pesticides is increased, and the human diseases and strange diseases are frequently caused by the use of a large amount of pesticides, so that the natural environment is also worse.
The ecological safety attention degree of the government of China on agricultural production is improved to a new height, and the problems of agricultural sustainable development and agricultural product quality safety are also listed as key social construction systems.
In traditional agriculture, the killing germs are mainly pesticides, the pest and disease damage of crops is as many as thousands, and the corresponding pesticides are more than tens of thousands, for example, the diseases of solanaceous vegetables include physiological diseases, soil-borne diseases, air-borne diseases and virus diseases. In particular, common physiological diseases include lobular disease, yellowing disease and gummosis. Soil-borne diseases mainly include blight and epidemic diseases. Among the airborne diseases are downy mildew, powdery mildew, etc., and also bacterial angular leaf spot, scab, sclerotinia, etc. Various bacteria are spread to plants by air flow, water splash, farming operation, insects and the like to infect and attack diseases.
Basically all sclerotia of germs, viruses and the like can pass winter in the facility greenhouse and can be attached to all environments of the greenhouse, meanwhile, the sclerotia are spread by means of watering, film dripping, farming operation, crop rotation, airflow and the like, the disease is fast to occur, the influence is large, the whole greenhouse is damaged in 1-2 days, and the loss is large.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ozone water sterilization method, which solves the problem of excessive pesticide use in the traditional agriculture.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an ozone water sterilization method comprises the following steps:
pre-spraying before field planting;
spraying when crops grow;
harvesting and spraying crops;
wherein, the spraying during the crop growth comprises at least one of disease prevention spraying, disease treatment spraying and cooling spraying.
In one possible design, the pre-spraying before the crop planting comprises the following steps:
spraying the fertilizer once in the morning and at night before field planting, mixing ozone for 12-18 minutes, and spraying ozone for 8-12 minutes.
In one possible design, when the selected sun is not raised in the morning, the selected sun is sprayed in the evening after the mountain is fallen.
In one possible design, the disease prevention spray comprises the following steps:
spraying once every 3-5 days at 6-8 o' clock in the evening, mixing ozone for 8-12 minutes, and spraying ozone for 8-12 minutes;
closing the shed for 8-12 minutes after spraying, and then opening the shed for ventilation to dry the leaf surfaces of the crops.
In one possible design, the disease treatment spray comprises the following steps:
spraying for two consecutive days, spraying once at 6-8 o' clock in the evening on the first day, mixing ozone for 18-22 minutes, closing the greenhouse, spraying ozone for 8-12 minutes, closing the greenhouse for 8-12 minutes, opening the greenhouse again for ventilation, and drying the leaf surfaces of the crops;
spraying once at 6-8 points earlier the next day, mixing ozone for 18-22 minutes, closing the greenhouse, spraying ozone for 8-12 minutes, closing the greenhouse for 8-12 minutes, opening the greenhouse again for ventilation, and drying the leaf surfaces of the crops;
spraying once more at 6-8 point in the next night.
In one possible design, the cooling spray comprises the following steps:
ozone is not required to be mixed, only water is sprayed, and the spraying time is 18-22 minutes.
In one possible design, the pre-harvest spray comprises the steps of:
spraying once a day before crop harvesting, mixing with ozone for 8-12 minutes, and spraying with ozone for 8-12 minutes;
when the day before crop harvest is cloudy, mixing ozone for 12-18 minutes, and spraying ozone for 2-4 minutes.
In one possible design, the post-harvest spray comprises the steps of:
spraying once after each harvest, mixing ozone for 12-18 minutes, closing the greenhouse, spraying ozone for 18-22 minutes, and keeping the closed greenhouse after the spraying is finished.
Has the advantages that:
1. the ozone has excellent sterilization property, and meanwhile, the decomposition product is oxygen which is harmless to human bodies, secondary pollution and drug resistance do not exist, the variety and the number of used pesticides are reduced, so that when the ozone is used for agricultural planting, a suitable method is found to be the second revolution of agriculture for safe production, the ozone is gradually promoted, the range is expanded, and the ozone is better served to human bodies.
2. Diseases are not judged. In facility agricultural planting, different diseases caused by different pathogenic bacteria are differentiated by farmers under many conditions, so that more and more medicines are used, but more and more serious conditions are treated, for example, the symptoms of angular leaf spot disease and downy mildew are similar, misdiagnosis and repeated medicine application are easy, sometimes, the diseases are not treated, and the diseases are damaged in plants due to more medicines.
3. The fruits and vegetables are used with more medicines, so that the taste is poor, the quality is poor, the economic benefit is weak, the number of the fruits and vegetables used with the medicines is reduced, the natural fruit fragrance is strong, and the economic value is high and is also loved by consumers. After ozone spraying sterilization, the picked fruits are kept fresh, the taste is good, the content of the emitted aromatic substances is higher, and the fruit fragrance is stronger.
4. Can be applied to a plurality of areas and varieties, has obvious effect, and simultaneously has low fruit and vegetable pesticide residue, good taste, less mildew and less loss.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for sterilizing ozone water.
FIG. 2 is a line graph showing the change of the sterilization rate with the action time.
Detailed Description
Example (b):
for the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests in the growth process of crops, pesticides are mainly used in traditional facility agriculture, and different medicaments are used in different stages, such as early prevention and treatment after disease onset. And because various germs are symbiotic in the greenhouse, various pesticides are required to be used for respectively killing various germs due to different pests and diseases caused by different germs, so that the facility agriculture needs to use various pesticides in a mixed way and in large quantities, and the harm is caused. In addition, the drug resistance of germs after long-term use is also a problem.
In view of the problem of excessive pesticide usage in the conventional agriculture, an ozone water sterilization method is proposed, and referring to fig. 1, the ozone water sterilization method comprises the following steps: pre-spraying before field planting; spraying when crops grow; and harvesting and spraying crops.
It is known that different spraying steps are correspondingly adopted in different stages of crop planting, growth, harvesting and the like, namely the three steps do not have clear sequence relation and can be flexibly selected and combined, so that the growth habit of crops and the disease occurrence characteristic are combined, and the optimal sterilization effect is achieved.
Specifically, the method is characterized in that pre-spraying is carried out before the crops are planted, namely when the crops are not planted or transplanted in the greenhouse, the environment in the greenhouse is cleaned, and germs hidden in the greenhouse are killed.
Spraying when crops grow, namely regularly or temporarily spraying when the crops grow, wherein regularly spraying is carried out when the crops grow normally, temporarily spraying is carried out when the crops have diseases, and the two are matched with each other to ensure that the crops grow healthily. It is foreseeable that the spray parameters are not the same for both.
The crop harvesting spraying, namely the spraying before the crop harvesting, plays a role in sterilizing in advance, and prevents the crops, especially the fruits of the crops, from being infected by germs in the harvesting process and the subsequent transportation process.
Specifically, the disease of solanaceous fruits and vegetables is taken as an example for explanation, the method for sterilizing ozone water is improved by combining the characteristics of ozone, the easily obtained disease characteristics of solanaceous fruits and vegetables, the growth characteristics of solanaceous fruits and vegetables and the production habit of agricultural operation, wherein the improvement is summarized as the following points:
one is that the sterilization effect is better when the ozone is in a low-temperature and high-humidity state.
The second is to avoid using ozone to sterilize at high temperature and when the ultraviolet is sufficient.
Solanaceous fruits and vegetables in facility agriculture mainly comprise: cucumber, tomato, round eggplant, long eggplant, green pepper, pumpkin, balsam pear, muskmelon and the like. Common main pests and diseases of the fruits and vegetables are as follows: downy mildew, gray mold, powdery mildew, soft rot, damping off, charcoal maggot disease, virus disease, early blight, late blight and the like, and the insect pests are common whitefly, acarid, aphid, liriomyza sativae and the like. The diseases are mainly caused by different bacteria and viruses, while the ozone has the efficient broad-spectrum bactericidal property, and the high oxidizability oxidizes cell walls and cysts of the bacteria and the viruses to destroy the circulating system to die, so that the drug resistance cannot be generated.
The method for preventing and treating the diseases of the solanaceous fruits and vegetables in the facility agriculture is environment-friendly, time-saving and labor-saving, and achieves the purposes of reducing pesticides, namely enabling chemical pesticides to achieve zero growth and easily achieving negative growth by utilizing the characteristics of broad-spectrum sterilization, high efficiency, cleanness and no secondary pollution of ozone, and combining the growth characteristics of various bacterial diseases caused by various bacteria and the growth characteristics of the solanaceous fruits and vegetables in the facility agriculture.
The detailed implementation method of each step is described as follows:
in this embodiment, the pre-spraying before the crop planting comprises the following steps: spraying the fertilizer once in the morning and at night before field planting, mixing ozone for 12-18 minutes, and spraying ozone for 8-12 minutes. At the moment, the characteristic that ozone has better sterilization performance under the conditions of low temperature and low ultraviolet is utilized, and the ozone is sprayed once in the morning and evening to kill the seedlings in the shed, so that a good environment is created for the growth of the seedlings.
Specifically, the ozone mixing is to mix ozone into water to obtain ozone water, and the ozone water is transported to a place to be sprayed through a pipeline and is sprayed out through a spray head. The time for ozone mixing, i.e. the concentration of ozone water, is defined here respectively; and the time of the ozone water spray, i.e. the volume of ozone water received at the place to be sprayed.
Optionally, spraying the fertilizer once in the morning and at night before field planting, mixing ozone for 15 minutes, and spraying ozone for 10 minutes.
In one possible design, when the selected sun is not raised in the morning, the selected sun is sprayed in the evening after the mountain is fallen. At the moment, the ultraviolet ray is weak, the ozone sterilization effect is better, and the ozone consumption is saved.
In this embodiment, spraying during crop growth includes disease prevention spraying, disease treatment spraying, and cooling spraying. The crop can be divided into three conditions in the growing process, namely growing, suffering from plant diseases and insect pests and high temperature, particularly in summer, the high temperature phenomenon is more, wherein disease prevention spraying is regular spraying, and the spraying period can be set according to the specific types of the planted crops. Disease treatment spraying and cooling spraying, namely the temporary spraying, can select a corresponding spraying mode when crops have corresponding phenomena, and at the moment, the spraying frequency can be set according to the damage degree of the crops.
Therefore, for operators, the invention provides specific guidance for crop growth, namely, spraying parameters and a spraying period are set after the crops are planted, patrol work is performed in the growth process, and disease treatment spraying and/or cooling spraying are performed when unexpected situations occur, so that the work of the operators is simplified.
Three spraying modes in the growing of the crops are explained below.
In one possible design, the disease prevention spray comprises the following steps: spraying once every 3-5 days at 6-8 o' clock in the evening, mixing ozone for 8-12 minutes, and spraying ozone for 8-12 minutes; closing the shed for 8-12 minutes after spraying, and then opening the shed for ventilation to dry the leaf surfaces of the crops.
In various germs in facility agriculture, most of the germs are 5-7 days latent period, and the rest are 3-5 days, so that the germs are killed in the latent period and diseases are avoided by spraying once every 5 days. The spraying can be changed to once every 3 days in the period of easy occurrence of diseases, thereby shortening the sterilization period and reducing the occurrence probability of the diseases.
The study on the influence of single factor on the ozone water sterilization effect specifically comprises the following steps:
1) the influence of the ozone water concentration on the ozone sterilization effect is positively correlated with the ozone sterilization effect, namely the larger the ozone concentration is, the better the sterilization effect is, but the seedling burning phenomenon can occur when the ozone concentration is too high.
2) Specifically, referring to fig. 2, the longer the spraying time is, the higher the ozone sterilization effect is, and specifically, before 6 minutes, the sterilization rate increases exponentially with the increase of the spraying time; the sterilization rate continues to increase but the rising trend is slowed down within 6-8 minutes; after 8 minutes, the sterilization rate tends to be stable; the optimum time is about 8 minutes for spraying.
The experimental conditions were as follows: the concentration is 6.52 mg.L-1The ozone water treatment has a bacteria content of 1 × 109-3×109cfu·mL-1The duration of action of the E.coli suspension was varied, the results are given in the following table:
in the table, 1 in the group represents the experimental group, and 2 represents the control group.
The following conclusions can be drawn: for the ozone concentration, the maximum concentration is set according to the actual crop species, and a universal maximum concentration lower limit value can be set simply and conveniently for popularization.
Regarding the spraying time, the time before and after and the time for reaching the optimal humidity are calculated during actual production, and if the spraying time is too long, the humidity in the greenhouse is too high, and the growth of crops in the greenhouse is further influenced, so that the spraying time is not too long, and the final operation time is usually set to be about 10 minutes.
In addition, the water contains various organic impurities, inorganic impurities, heavy metals and other interferents, and when ozone is mixed with the water, the interferents are firstly purified, so that the actual concentration of the mixed ozone water is lower than a theoretical value, and the spraying time needs to be prolonged to compensate.
Closing the greenhouse after the ozone spraying, namely closing the upper and lower ventilation openings of the greenhouse, wherein the time for reducing and decomposing the ozone under the normal temperature condition is 5-30 minutes, and then, the total time is about 20 minutes from the beginning of the spraying to the closing of the greenhouse, so as to finish the spraying sterilization of the crops in the time period. In addition, the closed greenhouse can also prevent ozone from being scattered outside the greenhouse, and the ozone action time is prolonged. Then the greenhouse is opened for ventilation, and the evaporation is accelerated by utilizing an air drying mode, so that the humidity is reduced. At night, the temperature is low and the ultraviolet ray is weak, which is helpful for ozone sterilization.
Optionally, spraying once every 3-5 days at 6-8 o' clock later, mixing with ozone for 10 minutes, and spraying with ozone for 10 minutes; closing the shed for 10 minutes after spraying, and then opening the shed for ventilation to dry the leaf surfaces of the crops.
In one possible design, the disease treatment spray comprises the following steps: spraying for two days continuously, spraying once at 6-8 o' clock in the first day, mixing ozone for 18-22 min, closing the shed, spraying ozone for 8-12 min, closing the shed for 8-12 min, and opening the shed for ventilation to dry the leaf surface of the crop.
Spraying once at 6-8 o' clock in the next day, mixing ozone for 18-22 min, closing the shed, spraying ozone for 8-12 min, closing the shed for 8-12 min, and opening the shed for ventilation to dry the leaves of the crops. Spraying once more at 6-8 point in the next night.
Obviously, when the crops have diseases, the germs need to be killed as soon as possible, so compared with disease prevention spraying, spraying parameters need to be adjusted to improve the sterilization effect in disease treatment spraying, therefore, the ozone mixing time is prolonged to improve the concentration of ozone water, the ozone spraying time is prolonged to improve the spraying time, and the sterilization time is prolonged. Meanwhile, the shed is closed immediately after the ozone spraying is started and is kept for a period of time, so that the amount of the ozone scattered outside is reduced. In addition, the frequency of spraying is increased, namely, the spraying is changed into continuous spraying from spraying once every 3 to 5 days.
Optionally, spraying for two consecutive days, spraying once at 6-8 o' clock in the evening on the first day, mixing with ozone for 20 minutes, closing the shed, spraying with ozone for 10 minutes, closing the shed for 10 minutes, opening the shed again for ventilation, and drying the leaves of the crops.
Spraying once 6-8 points earlier the next day, mixing ozone for 20 minutes, closing the greenhouse, spraying ozone for 10 minutes, closing the greenhouse for 10 minutes, opening the greenhouse again and ventilating to dry the leaf surfaces of the crops. Spraying once more at 6-8 point in the next night.
In one possible design, the cooling spray comprises the following steps: ozone is not required to be mixed, only water is sprayed, and the spraying time is 18-22 minutes. When the temperature is within the range of 10-35 ℃, the crop can normally carry out photosynthesis; when the temperature is higher than 35 ℃, the activity of the photosynthetic enzyme is reduced, and the photosynthesis intensity of the crops is reduced; when the temperature is higher than 50 ℃, the photosynthesis of the crops is almost stopped, and high-temperature diseases are easy to occur.
Therefore, in order to keep the crops in the optimum temperature range for a long time, when the temperature exceeds 35 ℃, particularly in summer, the spraying system is not added with ozone and only sprays water, and then the spraying system is used as a cooling facility to prevent high-temperature drought virus diseases.
Alternatively, ozone was not mixed, only sprayed, and sprayed for 20 minutes.
In this embodiment, the crop harvest sprays include a pre-harvest spray and a post-harvest spray. Spraying before harvesting is to sterilize and prevent crops, particularly fruits of the crops, prolong the quality guarantee period of the crops and achieve the purpose of improving economic benefits. The spraying after harvesting can be matched with the pre-spraying before the field planting of the crops, so that the residual bacteria in the greenhouse are reduced, and the next crop planting is facilitated.
In one possible design, the pre-harvest spray comprises the steps of: spraying once a day before crop harvesting, mixing with ozone for 8-12 min, and spraying with ozone for 8-12 min.
During harvesting, the part of the crop where the fruits are picked is equivalent to a wound and is easily infected by germs, so that the crop is sterilized and prevented in advance. After harvesting, the fruits are infected by germs in the transportation process and are easy to mildew, so that the fruits are sterilized in advance to prolong the shelf life, reduce mildew and improve economic benefits.
In addition, when the day before crop harvest is cloudy, the ozone is mixed for 12-18 minutes, and the ozone is sprayed for 2-4 minutes. The humidity is high in the shade day, and the time for the ozone water to reach the optimal humidity is greatly reduced, so that the spraying time can be shortened.
Optionally, spraying once a day before crop harvest, mixing with ozone for 10 minutes, and spraying with ozone for 10 minutes; when the day before crop harvest is cloudy, mixing the ozone for 15 minutes, and spraying the ozone for 3 minutes.
In one possible design, the post-harvest spray comprises the steps of: spraying once after each harvest, mixing ozone for 12-18 minutes, closing the greenhouse, spraying ozone for 18-22 minutes, and keeping the closed greenhouse after spraying.
On one hand, for crops which can be harvested in multiple batches, spraying is carried out once after each batch of crops is harvested so as to match spraying before harvesting, so that the effect of sterilizing in advance is achieved, and infection of the crops after harvesting is reduced; on the other hand, repeated spraying also carries out repeated sterilization to the big-arch shelter, has effectively reduced the quantity of incomplete fungus, has purified the internal environment of canopy.
Optionally, spraying once after harvesting each crop, mixing ozone for 15 minutes, closing the greenhouse, spraying ozone for 20 minutes, and keeping the closed greenhouse after spraying.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The ozone water sterilization method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
pre-spraying before field planting;
spraying when crops grow;
harvesting and spraying crops;
wherein, the spraying during the crop growth comprises at least one of disease prevention spraying, disease treatment spraying and cooling spraying.
2. The ozonated water sterilization method according to claim 1, wherein the pre-spraying before the crop planting comprises the steps of:
spraying the fertilizer once in the morning and at night before field planting, mixing ozone for 12-18 minutes, and spraying ozone for 8-12 minutes.
3. The method for disinfecting ozone water according to claim 2, wherein the time after the sun is selected is after the sun is raised in the morning when the ozone is sprayed, and after the sun is selected in the evening when the ozone is sprayed.
4. The ozone water sterilization method according to claim 1, wherein the disease spray prevention comprises the steps of:
spraying once every 3-5 days at 6-8 o' clock in the evening, mixing ozone for 8-12 minutes, and spraying ozone for 8-12 minutes;
closing the shed for 8-12 minutes after spraying, and then opening the shed for ventilation to dry the leaf surfaces of the crops.
5. The ozonated water sterilization method according to claim 1, wherein the disease treatment shower comprises the steps of:
spraying for two consecutive days, spraying once at 6-8 o' clock in the evening on the first day, mixing ozone for 18-22 minutes, closing the greenhouse, spraying ozone for 8-12 minutes, closing the greenhouse for 8-12 minutes, opening the greenhouse again for ventilation, and drying the leaf surfaces of the crops;
spraying once at 6-8 points earlier the next day, mixing ozone for 18-22 minutes, closing the greenhouse, spraying ozone for 8-12 minutes, closing the greenhouse for 8-12 minutes, opening the greenhouse again for ventilation, and drying the leaf surfaces of the crops;
spraying once more at 6-8 point in the next night.
6. The ozonated water sterilization method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature reduction shower comprises the steps of:
ozone is not required to be mixed, only water is sprayed, and the spraying time is 18-22 minutes.
7. The ozonated water sterilization method according to claim 1, wherein the pre-harvest spraying comprises the steps of:
spraying once a day before crop harvesting, mixing with ozone for 8-12 minutes, and spraying with ozone for 8-12 minutes;
when the day before crop harvest is cloudy, mixing ozone for 12-18 minutes, and spraying ozone for 2-4 minutes.
8. The ozonated water sterilization method according to claim 1, wherein the post-harvest spraying comprises the steps of:
spraying once after each harvest, mixing ozone for 12-18 minutes, closing the greenhouse, spraying ozone for 18-22 minutes, and keeping the closed greenhouse after spraying.
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