CN113701137B - Steam boiler with optimized distribution of temperature-equalizing plates - Google Patents
Steam boiler with optimized distribution of temperature-equalizing plates Download PDFInfo
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- CN113701137B CN113701137B CN202111126279.4A CN202111126279A CN113701137B CN 113701137 B CN113701137 B CN 113701137B CN 202111126279 A CN202111126279 A CN 202111126279A CN 113701137 B CN113701137 B CN 113701137B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
- F22B31/08—Installation of heat-exchange apparatus or of means in boilers for heating air supplied for combustion
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Abstract
The invention provides a steam boiler with optimized temperature-equalizing plate distribution, which comprises an upper boiler barrel, a lower boiler barrel, an ascending pipe and a descending pipe, wherein the ascending pipe and the descending pipe are connected between the upper boiler barrel and the lower boiler barrel, the temperature-equalizing plate extending from the inner wall of the ascending pipe to the center of the ascending pipe is arranged in the ascending pipe, the temperature-equalizing plate comprises a first straight wall and a second straight wall, the first straight wall and the second straight wall extend from the inner wall, a plurality of temperature-equalizing plates are arranged on the inner wall of the ascending pipe along the height direction, and the distribution density of the temperature-equalizing plates is smaller along the height direction. According to the invention, through the extensive research on the distance of the temperature equalizing plate, along with the continuous movement of the fluid, the mixing degree of the fluid is better and better, so that the distribution density is required to be set to be smaller and smaller to reduce the flow resistance, and the temperature equalizing effect achieves the basically same effect on the aspects of reducing the resistance and saving the material cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a project entrusted with colleges and universities for research and development. The invention belongs to the field of steam generation, and particularly relates to a steam boiler, belonging to the field of IPC classification number F22.
Background
The circuit that receives heat from the furnace and moves the fluid from a low level to a high level is called the "uptake circuit", while the circuit that receives heat and moves the fluid from a high level to a low level is called the "descent circuit". A circuit consists of a pipe or a set of pipes leading from a common point, such as a header or a steam drum, terminating at a common point, also such as a header or a drum.
In most natural circulation boiler designs, the heated tubes that make up the evaporator section are typically supplied with fluid flowing upward, but in multi-boiler boilers, the falling tubes of the evaporator tube bundle are not. In this type of boiler, the downheated tubes provide the full circulation flow of the riser in the furnace and in the evaporator tube bundle section.
On the one hand, the fluid in the ascending pipe is generally in a vapor-liquid two-phase flow in an upward process, so that the fluid in the ascending pipe is a vapor-liquid mixture, and the existence of the vapor-liquid two-phase flow influences the heat absorption efficiency of the ascending pipe.
The temperature of each part of the ascending pipe is not uniform, for example, the side close to the furnace is high, the side opposite to the furnace is low, the temperature of the fluid at different positions in the ascending pipe is different, and the temperature difference can cause the temperature in the ascending pipe to be non-uniform, so that the overheating or the overcooling condition can be caused, and the operation is influenced.
The invention is improved based on the previous invention, and provides a new steam boiler, thereby solving the problem of uneven riser fluid temperature.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a new steam boiler to solve the above-mentioned technical problems.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a steam boiler that temperature-uniforming plate distribution is optimized, includes last drum, lower drum and connects tedge and downcomer between last drum and lower drum, its characterized in that, set up the temperature-uniforming plate that extends from the tedge inner wall to tedge center in the tedge, the temperature-uniforming plate includes first straight line wall and the second straight line wall that extends from the inner wall, and along the direction of height, the tedge inner wall sets up a plurality of temperature-uniforming plates, and along the direction of height, the distribution density of temperature-uniforming plate is more and more littleer.
Preferably, the distribution density of the temperature equalization plates is increased in a smaller and smaller range along the height direction.
Preferably, the first straight wall forms an acute angle with the inner wall smaller than an acute angle with the inner wall formed by the second straight wall, the first straight wall and the second straight wall extend toward the fluid flow direction, and the intersection point of the first straight wall and the second straight wall is located at the upper part of the junction of the first straight wall and the inner wall and at the same time is located at the upper part of the junction of the second straight wall and the inner wall. The shape of the temperature equalizing plate is formed by rotating the first straight wall, the second straight wall and the inner wall along the axis of the rising pipe.
Preferably, the first rectilinear wall forms an angle of 30-60 with the axis of the riser pipe at the point of intersection.
Preferably, the total radian of the circular arcs connecting the temperature-uniforming plates and the inner wall of the same layer is 150-180 degrees.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) the invention further promotes the full mixing by setting the distribution change of parameters such as the size, the number angle and the like of the temperature-equalizing plate along the flowing direction of the fluid.
2) The invention provides a novel steam boiler, wherein a linear temperature-equalizing plate is arranged in a rising pipe, so that a part of fluid flows along the temperature-equalizing plate and is guided to the opposite direction, and the fluid entering the rising pipe in the opposite direction is fully mixed with the fluid entering the rising pipe in the opposite direction, so that the temperature of the fluid is uniform, the further temperature uniformity is realized, and the service life of a product is prolonged.
3) According to the invention, the distance of the temperature-equalizing plate is widely researched, a formula of the minimum distance is designed, the temperature-equalizing mixing requirement is fully met, the problems of uneven mixing and increased flow resistance are avoided, and the optimal outlet fluid temperature-equalizing effect is achieved.
4) According to the invention, through carrying out extensive research on the heat exchange rule caused by the change of each parameter of the temperature equalizing plate, the temperature equalizing plate structure of the heat exchanger is optimized under the condition of meeting the flow resistance, so that the optimal outlet fluid temperature equalizing effect is achieved.
5) According to the invention, through reasonable layout, the temperature equalizing plates of adjacent rows are arranged in a staggered manner, so that fluid is further fully mixed, and the temperature is uniform.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the construction of a steam boiler according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the steam boiler structure of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an axial sectional view of the temperature equalization plate installed on the rising pipe according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic size view of a riser pipe with temperature equalization plates according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of 1 vapor chamber per layer.
Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of 3 temperature equalization plates disposed in each layer.
Fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of 1 vapor chamber per layer.
Fig. 8 is an exploded perspective view of the riser side of fig. 7.
In the figure: 1. the device comprises an upper boiler barrel, a lower boiler barrel, a riser, a temperature equalizing plate 5, a downcomer 6, a lower boiler barrel 7, a riser 8, a riser 9, a hearth combustion chamber 10, an outlet header 11 and a flue 12, wherein the upper boiler barrel is arranged in the upper boiler barrel; 41 first rectilinear wall, 42 second rectilinear wall, 43.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
In this document, "/" denotes division and "×", "denotes multiplication, referring to formulas, if not specifically stated.
A steam boiler as described in fig. 1, comprising an upper drum 1 and a lower drum 2, said upcomers 3 and downcomers 5 connecting the upper drum 1 and the lower drum 2. Water enters the downcomer 5 from the upper drum 1. The water flows down in the downcomer and is collected in the lower drum 2. The rising pipes 3 of the boiler are heated by the combustion of fuel in the furnace chamber 10. The heat absorbed by the rising pipe 3 boils the liquid inside the pipe, thereby creating a two-phase mixture of water and steam. The two-phase mixture in the riser 3 reaches the upper drum 1. Subcooled liquid discharged from a water supply pipe (not shown) in the upper drum 1 and saturated liquid discharged from the separation device are mixed together to form subcooled liquid, and the subcooled liquid flows out of the upper drum 1 into the downcomer 5, and a flow cycle is completed according to such a flow.
A steam boiler according to another embodiment, further illustrated in fig. 2, comprises an upper drum 1 and a lower drum 2, said upcomers 3 and downcomers 5 connecting the upper drum 1 and the lower drum 2. From the upper drum 1, the water enters the downcomer 5 of the heated evaporator tube bundle in the furnace inner flue 12. The water flows down the downcomer and is collected in the lower drum 2. The temperature of the water entering the lower drum 2 increases as the downcomer 5 absorbs heat. The water in the lower drum 2 may be subcooled or saturated depending on how much heat is absorbed. A portion of the fluid (typically steam-water mixture) leaving the lower drum 2 flows upwards into the riser tubes 3 of the evaporator tube bundle. The liquid flowing upwards into the riser 3 absorbs heat and enters the upper drum 1.
A portion of the fluid leaving the lower drum 2 reaches the lower drum 7 of the furnace through the downcomer 6. The liquid entering a lower drum 7 is distributed to furnace tubes 8 connected to the lower drum 7. The furnace tubes are heated by the combustion of fuel in the furnace firebox 10. The heat absorbed by the furnace tube 8 boils the liquid in the furnace tube 8, thereby producing a two-phase mixture of water and steam. The two-phase mixture in the furnace tube 8 reaches the upper drum 1 through the furnace tube 8 directly connected with the upper drum 1, the furnace tube 8 at the moment is also an ascending tube, or an outlet header 11 is arranged between the lower drum 7 and the upper drum 1, and the two-phase mixture is conveyed to the upper drum 1 from the outlet header 11 of the hearth loop through the middle ascending tube 9. An internal separation device in the upper drum 1 separates the two-phase mixture into steam and water. Subcooled liquid discharged from a water supply pipe (not shown) in the upper drum 1 and saturated liquid discharged from the separation device are mixed together to form subcooled liquid, and the subcooled liquid flows out of the upper drum 1 into the downcomer 5, and a flow cycle is completed according to such a flow.
For the boiler evaporator tube bundle, the furnace walls and the convection walls to be selectively subjected to the combustion gas flow, it is necessary to ensure a critical heat input so that the fluid flows substantially circularly in all the tubes in the loop of the tube bundle and the convection walls without flow instabilities.
As a modification, as shown in FIG. 3, a temperature-equalizing plate 4 extending from an inner wall 51 of the rising pipe to the center of the rising pipe is arranged in the rising pipe 3 and/or the rising pipe 8 and/or the rising pipe 9, the temperature-equalizing plate 4 comprises a first straight wall 41 and a second straight wall 42 extending from the inner wall, wherein the acute angle formed by the first straight wall 41 and the inner wall is smaller than the acute angle formed by the second straight wall 42 and the inner wall, the first straight wall 41 and the second straight wall 42 extend in the fluid flow direction, and the intersection point 43 of the first straight wall 41 and the second straight wall 42 is located downstream of the junction of the first straight wall 41 and the inner wall 51 and downstream of the junction of the second straight wall 42 and the inner wall. The shape of the temperature equalization plate 4 is a shape formed by rotating the first and second linear walls 41 and 42 and the inner wall along the riser axis.
The invention provides a method for realizing uniform temperature of fluid by arranging the temperature-equalizing plate in the ascending pipe, leading a part of fluid to flow along the temperature-equalizing plate and to be guided to the opposite direction and fully mixing with the fluid entering from the opposite direction, thereby realizing the requirement of further heat exchange and prolonging the service life of a product. And through setting up the second straight line wall, the gradient of second straight line wall is little moreover for fluid that the opposite direction water conservancy diversion came over also can be along the rotatory motion of second straight line wall direction, increases the buffering, reduces flow resistance.
The temperature equalizing plate is respectively provided with the first straight line wall and the second straight line wall, so that the fluid disturbance effect is better, the area of the temperature equalizing plate contacting with the inner wall is increased, and the stability is improved.
The later-mentioned rising pipes are all at least one of the rising pipe 3, the rising pipe 8, and the rising pipe 9.
Preferably, the first rectilinear wall 41 at the location of the intersection point 43 forms an angle of 30-60 deg. with the axis of the rising pipe, preferably 45 deg.. By providing this angle, fluid can be quickly directed to the opposite downstream location, and flow resistance can be further reduced.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 3, a plurality of temperature-equalizing plates 4 are provided on the inner wall of the riser in the height direction, and the temperature-equalizing plates of adjacent layers are staggered. Through the staggered distribution of the temperature equalizing plates in the adjacent rows, the fluids can fully move to opposite positions mutually in the ascending pipe, and the full and uniform mixing is ensured. For example, fig. 3, 5, and 7 show one block per layer of vapor chamber, which has a total arc of 150 and 180 degrees. Of course, multiple temperature equalization plates can be arranged in each layer, for example, three plates can be arranged in each layer in the total arc of 150-180 degrees in FIG. 6.
Preferably, the distance between the intersection point and the inner wall of the riser is 0.3 to 0.5 times, preferably 0.4 times, the diameter of the riser. With this arrangement, the air has less flow resistance on thorough mixing.
Preferably, the length of the first rectilinear wall is greater than the length of the second rectilinear wall.
Preferably, the total radian of the circular arcs connecting the temperature-uniforming plates and the inner wall of the same layer is 150-180 degrees. This parameter set ensures thorough mixing while meeting the resistance requirements. For example, fig. 2 shows that one is provided for each layer of the vapor chamber, and the total arc of the one is 150 and 180 degrees. Of course, each layer of the temperature-uniforming plate can be provided with a plurality of blocks, for example, 3 blocks with a total arc of 150-180 degrees are provided.
Preferably, the temperature-equalizing plates on the layer A are arranged in a plurality of blocks, intervals are arranged among the temperature-equalizing plates on the layer A, the temperature-equalizing plates on the layer A are arranged at equal intervals, the layer B is an adjacent layer of the layer A, and the temperature-equalizing plates on the layer B are arranged at the intervals of the layer A when viewed from the flowing direction. Through the complementation of the positions of the temperature equalizing plates of the adjacent layers, the fluids can fully move to the opposite positions mutually in the ascending pipe, and the full and uniform mixing is ensured. It should be noted that, here, the layer a and the layer B are not specifically specified, A, B is only used as a distinction and is used as an adjacent layer.
Preferably, a plurality of temperature equalization plates are provided on the inner wall of the rising pipe along the height direction, and the distribution density of the temperature equalization plates becomes smaller along the height direction. Because the mixing degree of the fluid is better and better along with the continuous movement of the fluid, the distribution density is required to be smaller and smaller so as to reduce the flow resistance, and the temperature equalizing effect achieves the basically same effect on the aspects of reduced resistance and material cost saving.
Preferably, the distribution density of the temperature equalization plates is increased in a smaller and smaller range along the height direction. The effect is obtained through a large number of numerical simulation and experimental research results, the research finds that the rule accords with the rule of fluid motion, and the temperature equalizing effect achieves basically the same effect on the aspects of further reduction of resistance and material cost saving.
Preferably, a plurality of temperature equalizing plates are provided on the inner wall of the rising pipe along the height direction, and the size of the temperature equalizing plates becomes smaller along the height direction. Because the fluid is mixed better and better along with the continuous movement of the fluid, the size is required to be smaller and smaller so as to reduce the flow resistance, and the temperature equalizing effect achieves the same effect on the aspects of reduced resistance and material cost saving.
Preferably, a plurality of temperature equalization plates are provided on the inner wall of the rising pipe in the height direction, and the size of the temperature equalization plates is gradually reduced in the height direction. The effect is obtained through a large number of numerical simulation and experimental research results, the research finds that the rule accords with the rule of fluid motion, and the temperature equalizing effect achieves basically the same effect on the aspects of further reduction of resistance and material cost saving.
Through a large amount of numerical simulation and experimental research discovery, the angle and the size of samming board have very big influence to heat transfer and misce bene, samming board and inner wall contained angle are littleer, can lead to the mixed effect variation, and lead to the samming board oversize, influence the flow resistance, the contained angle is bigger than normal, it is not good to lead to stirring the fluid effect, the resistance grow, the mixed effect variation, the interval of samming board is too big, can lead to the vortex effect not good, the interval undersize can lead to increasing the movement resistance, therefore this application has obtained nearest samming board structure size optimization relation through a large amount of data simulation and experiments.
Preferably, the length of the first straight line wall is L2, the length of the second straight line wall is L1, the acute angle between the first line and the inner wall is A2, the acute angle between the second line and the inner wall is A1, the distance S between the adjacent temperature equalization plate structures on the same side along the fluid flowing direction is the distance between the central points of the adjacent temperature equalization plates on the inner wall, and the central point is the middle point of the connecting line of the first straight line wall, the second straight line wall and the inner wall, and the following requirements are met:
n = a-b × ln (M), where N = (L1+ L2)/S, M = sin (a2)/sin (a 1); ln is a function of the logarithm of the number,
0.3218<a<0.3230，0.1284<b<0.1286；
preferably, 0.25< M <0.75,0.34< N <0.44,45< a1<75 °, 15< a2<65 °,350< S <500mm, 70< L2<130mm, 30< L1<90 mm.
The optimal design requirements of the structure of the temperature equalization plate can be met by the above formulas. The structural optimization formula is a main improvement point of the invention, is the most optimized formula which is researched by a large number of numerical simulations and experiments, and is not common knowledge in the field.
Further preferably, a =0.3219 and b = 0.1285.
Preferably, in the case that the included angle formed by the ascending pipe and the horizontal plane is A, the data can be corrected by increasing a correction coefficient c, that is, the data can be corrected by increasing the correction coefficient c
c* N=a-b*Ln(M)；c=1/sin(A) m Wherein 0.09<m<0.11, preferably m = 0.10.
20 < a <80, preferably 40-60.
The data simulation and the experiment find that the distance between the temperature-uniforming plates must be larger than a certain distance, otherwise, the fluid can be guided to the opposite direction through the previous temperature-uniforming plate, but if the distance between the temperature-uniforming plates is too small, the fluid can flow in the opposite direction, the whole pipeline is not fully filled, the temperature-uniforming plates are arranged at the moment, the mixing effect cannot be achieved, the temperature-uniforming plates only play the role of a baffle plate, the mixing guiding effect is not achieved, and only the flow resistance can be increased. Therefore, a design scheme of the minimum distance of the uniform temperature plate is provided through a great deal of research, and the design method has certain guiding significance for the design of the uniform temperature plate.
The vertical point of the intersection point 43 on the inner wall, the line formed by the intersection point and the vertical point is a third line, the distance between the connecting point of the first straight line wall and the inner wall and the vertical point is H, the inner pipe diameter of the ascending pipe is R, and the distance S is designed in the following mode:
S>=a*H+b*((H) 2 +R 2 ) (1/2) ；
wherein 2.38<a<3.18,
，1.432<c<1.443，
Preferably, a =2.78, c = 1.437;
according to the invention, through a large amount of experiments and numerical simulation, the minimum design distance of the temperature equalizing plate is obtained, and the resistance is reduced through the design distance, and meanwhile, the full mixing can be realized.
Preferably, in the case that the included angle formed by the ascending pipe and the horizontal plane is A, the data can be corrected by increasing a correction coefficient d, that is, the data can be corrected by
S/d>=a*H+b*((H) 2 +R 2 ) (1/2) ；d=sin(A) n Wherein 0.093<n<0.105, preferably n = 0.099.
Preferably, the pipe diameter of the rising pipe 3 is continuously increased in the direction of fluid flow. The main reasons are as follows: 1) by increasing the pipe diameter of the ascending pipe, the flowing resistance can be reduced, so that the vapor evaporated in the ascending pipe continuously moves towards the direction of increasing the pipe diameter, and the circulating flow of the loop heat pipe is further promoted. 2) Because the liquid is continuously evaporated in the ascending pipe along with the continuous flowing of the fluid, the volume of the steam is larger and larger, and the pressure is also larger and larger, the change of the volume and the pressure of the steam which are continuously increased is met by increasing the pipe diameter, and the pressure is uniformly distributed on the whole. 3) By increasing the pipe diameter of the ascending pipe, the impact phenomenon caused by the increase of the volume of the steam outlet can be reduced.
Preferably, the pipe diameter of the rising pipe 3 is continuously increased with an increasing magnitude along the direction of fluid flow. The amplitude change of the pipe diameter is a result obtained by a large number of experiments and numerical simulation by the applicant, and through the arrangement, the circulating flow of the loop heat pipe can be further promoted, the pressure is integrally uniform, and the impact phenomenon is reduced.
Preferably, the pipe diameter of the riser is greater than the pipe diameter of the downcomer. The resistance of the downcomer is mainly increased, and the resistance of the riser is reduced, so that the steam flows from the evaporation part more easily, and the loop heat pipe forms circulation better.
Preferably, the diameter of the downcomer decreases continuously in the direction of fluid flow. The main reasons are as follows: 1) because steam is continuously condensed in the descending pipe along with the continuous flowing of the fluid, the volume of the fluid is smaller and smaller, and the pressure is also smaller and smaller, the continuously increased volume and pressure changes of the fluid are met by reducing the pipe diameter, so that the pressure distribution is uniform on the whole, and the heat exchange is uniform. 2) Through the reduction of the pipe diameter of the heat absorption pipe, materials can be saved, and the cost is reduced.
Preferably, the pipe diameter of the downcomer is continuously reduced to a greater and greater extent in the direction of fluid flow. The amplitude change of the pipe diameter is a result obtained by a large number of experiments and numerical simulation of the applicant, and through the arrangement, the circulating flow of the loop heat pipe can be further promoted, and the pressure is integrally uniform.
Although the present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments, it is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A steam boiler with optimized temperature-equalizing plate distribution comprises an upper drum, a lower drum, and a rising pipe and a descending pipe which are connected between the upper drum and the lower drum, and is characterized in that a temperature-equalizing plate extending from the inner wall of the rising pipe to the center of the rising pipe is arranged in the rising pipe, the temperature-equalizing plate comprises a first straight wall and a second straight wall which extend from the inner wall, wherein the acute angle formed by the first straight wall and the inner wall is smaller than the acute angle formed by the second straight wall and the inner wall, the first straight wall and the second straight wall extend towards the fluid flow direction, the intersection point of the first straight wall and the second straight wall is positioned at the upper part of the connection part of the first straight wall and the inner wall and is also positioned at the upper part of the connection part of the second straight wall and the inner wall, and the shape of the temperature-equalizing plate is the shape formed by the first straight wall, the second straight wall and the inner wall rotating along the axis of the rising pipe; along direction of height, the riser inner wall sets up a plurality of temperature-uniforming plates, and along direction of height, the distribution density of temperature-uniforming plate is littleer and littleer.
2. A steam boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the distribution density of the temperature-uniforming plates is increased in a decreasing magnitude in the height direction.
3. A steam boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the first rectilinear wall forms an angle of 30-60 ° with the axis of the riser at the point of intersection.
4. A steam boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the total arc of the connection of the temperature-uniforming plates of the same layer with the inner wall is 150-.
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| GB1003013A (en) * | 1962-05-28 | 1965-09-02 | Patterson Kelley Co | Heat exchange device |
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| HUH3679A (en) * | 1991-05-02 | 1993-09-28 | Pest Megyei Mueanyagipari | Plastic tube |
| US5791405A (en) * | 1995-07-14 | 1998-08-11 | Mitsubishi Shindoh Co., Ltd. | Heat transfer tube having grooved inner surface |
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