CN113699539A - Heat integration system and method for dynamic hydrogen production process - Google Patents
Heat integration system and method for dynamic hydrogen production process Download PDFInfo
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- CN113699539A CN113699539A CN202111095492.3A CN202111095492A CN113699539A CN 113699539 A CN113699539 A CN 113699539A CN 202111095492 A CN202111095492 A CN 202111095492A CN 113699539 A CN113699539 A CN 113699539A
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008054 signal transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000013500 data storage Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
- C25B15/021—Process control or regulation of heating or cooling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
- C25B15/023—Measuring, analysing or testing during electrolytic production
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
- C25B9/67—Heating or cooling means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
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Abstract
The invention discloses a heat integration system and a method for a dynamic hydrogen production process, which comprises a temperature detection unit, a heat exchange unit and a control module; the temperature detection unit comprises a temperature sensor, and the heat exchange unit comprises an internal heat exchanger and an external heat exchanger; the temperature sensor is arranged in the electrolytic bath, and the output end of the temperature sensor is electrically connected with the control module; the control module is arranged on a PLC of the electrolytic hydrogen production system and is electrically connected with the PLC of the electrolytic hydrogen production system, a data comparator is arranged in the control module, and the data comparator is connected with a data memory with a built-in comparison value; the internal heat exchanger and the external heat exchanger are connected through a pipeline, and a heat exchange medium is arranged in the pipeline; the internal heat exchanger is arranged at the outer side of the electrolytic cell, and the external heat exchanger is arranged outside the electrolytic hydrogen production system and used for utilizing heat energy; the control module controls the heat exchange power of the heat exchange unit, and the power source of the electrolytic hydrogen production system is a fluctuating power supply.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of renewable energy sources and hydrogen energy, and particularly belongs to a heat integration system and a method for a dynamic hydrogen production process.
Background
With the increasing of renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaic in the energy supply proportion of China, the impact of the volatility of the renewable energy sources on a power grid becomes a problem to be solved urgently. The route of utilizing renewable energy sources to electrolyze water to prepare green hydrogen and storing the hydrogen is an effective means for realizing large-scale renewable energy source storage and relieving the pressure of a power grid. The electrolytic hydrogen production technology is often operated under stable power in the traditional application scene, and the system management of the technology has many problems for the unstable power input of the fluctuating renewable energy source, and the heat management is one of the more critical items.
Heat management has a great impact on the efficiency and safety of electrolytic hydrogen production: on one hand, the electrolytic hydrogen production reaction has faster reaction kinetics and lower reaction chamber voltage at higher temperature, which is beneficial to reducing the power consumption in the hydrogen production process and reducing the cost; on the other hand, the electrolytic cell continuously generates heat in the working process, if the heat is continuously accumulated, the temperature is overhigh, the damage to the electrode and the membrane material of the electrolytic cell is easily caused, the reduction of the electrolytic performance is caused, and the mixing and explosion of hydrogen and oxygen are seriously caused. The heat dissipated by the electrolytic cell also causes the reduction of energy conversion efficiency, and leads to the increase of the overall hydrogen production cost by electrolysis. Therefore, the realization of accurate temperature control through heat management is of great significance to the efficient and safe operation of the electrolytic cell. Under the condition of hydrogen production by dynamic electrolysis of fluctuating renewable energy, the load change of an electrolytic cell is accompanied with the frequent change of heat production quantity, the current thermal management system of the electrolytic cell lacks enough dynamic response capability, the temperature detection points are few, the temperature control on the internal reaction of the electrolytic cell is not accurate enough, and the overall heat efficiency and the waste heat utilization efficiency are not high.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a heat integration system and a method for a dynamic hydrogen production process, which realize accurate temperature control and efficient heat utilization in the hydrogen production process by electrolysis and improve the safety and the overall energy efficiency of the hydrogen production process by dynamic electrolysis.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a heat integration system for a dynamic hydrogen production process comprises a temperature detection unit, a heat exchange unit and a control module;
the temperature detection unit comprises a temperature sensor, and the heat exchange unit comprises an internal heat exchanger and an external heat exchanger;
the temperature sensor is arranged in the electrolytic bath, and the output end of the temperature sensor is electrically connected with the control module;
the control module is arranged on a PLC of the electrolytic hydrogen production system and is electrically connected with the PLC of the electrolytic hydrogen production system, a data comparator is arranged in the control module, and the data comparator is in data connection with a data memory with a built-in comparison value;
the internal heat exchanger and the external heat exchanger are connected through a pipeline, and a heat exchange medium is arranged in the pipeline; the internal heat exchanger is arranged on the outer side of the electrolytic cell, and the external heat exchanger is arranged outside the electrolytic hydrogen production system and used for utilizing heat energy; the control module controls the heat exchange power of the heat exchange unit, and the power source of the electrolytic hydrogen production system is a fluctuating power source.
Preferably, the number of the electrolytic cells is one or more;
when the number of the electrolytic tanks is multiple, temperature sensors are arranged inside the electrolytic tanks, and the output ends of the temperature sensors are electrically connected with the control module; the control module is internally provided with a multiplexer, the multiplexer takes the electrolytic cell for heat dissipation as the priority, the heat energy generated by the internal heat exchanger in the electrolytic cell for heat dissipation is transmitted to the external heat exchanger, and the external heat exchanger transmits the heat energy to the electrolytic cell for heat supply.
Preferably, a solenoid valve is arranged on a pipeline between the internal heat exchanger and the external heat exchanger, and the solenoid valve is electrically connected with the control module.
Preferably, the heat exchange medium is a heating medium or a cooling medium.
Preferably, the electrolyzer is an alkaline electrolyzer, a PEM electrolyzer or a SOEC electrolyzer.
Preferably, the internal comparison value of the data storage is the optimal working temperature of the electrolytic cell.
Preferably, the fluctuating power supply is a wind power supply, a photovoltaic power supply or a thermal power supply.
Preferably, the temperature detection unit further comprises a temperature signal transmission line, and the output end of the temperature sensor is electrically connected with the control module through the temperature signal transmission line.
A heat integration method for a dynamic hydrogen production process comprises the following processes of obtaining the temperature of an electrolytic cell, and judging the thermal state of the electrolytic cell according to the temperature and power of the electrolytic cell, wherein the thermal state of the electrolytic cell is heat dissipation or heat supply;
controlling the heat exchange unit to regulate the temperature according to the thermal state of the electrolytic cell; when the temperature is adjusted, heat is output, and waste heat utilization is carried out on the heat.
Preferably, the judgment of the thermal state of the electrolytic cell specifically comprises the following steps,
when the power load of the electrolytic cell is lower than the rated power, the thermal state of the electrolytic cell is judged as needing heat supply;
when the load of the electrolytic cell is in an ascending state, the thermal state of the electrolytic cell is judged as heat supply;
when the power load of the electrolytic cell is not lower than the rated power, the thermal state of the electrolytic cell is judged to be heat dissipation;
when the load of the electrolytic cell is in a descending state, the thermal state of the electrolytic cell is judged to be heat dissipation.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
a heat integration system for a dynamic hydrogen production process is characterized in that a temperature detection unit and a heat exchange unit are arranged to control the temperature of an electrolytic cell, a temperature sensor is arranged in the electrolytic cell to directly detect the temperature in the electrolytic cell, the feedback of the temperature of the electrolytic cell is more real-time and rapid, a safety blind spot is eliminated, the set temperature for the operation of the electrolytic cell can be increased by 5-10 ℃, and the working efficiency of the electrolytic cell is improved; the control module has the functions of judging the thermal state and adjusting the heat exchange behavior, and the heat exchange part of the dynamic hydrogen production equipment is contacted with a heat exchange medium in the internal heat exchanger; the heat exchange medium then enters the external heat exchanger and contacts with the external medium, so that further utilization of heat is realized. The heat is taken from or supplied to the dynamic hydrogen production equipment, and the gradient utilization of the heat is realized.
According to the invention, the control module is arranged on the PLC of the hydrogen production system, so that the heat transfer requirement of the electrolytic cell can be judged through the data comparator according to the power load state of hydrogen production by electrolysis in the PLC, and the optimal working temperature of dynamic hydrogen production by electrolysis under different loads can be maintained. After the temperature of the electrolytic cell rises, the quality of the waste heat is improved, and the subsequent heat utilization is facilitated. The invention can realize high-efficiency dynamic electrolytic hydrogen production heat integrated management, realize high-precision temperature control and safe operation, and improve the energy efficiency of dynamic electrolytic hydrogen production.
Furthermore, by arranging the multiplexer, when a plurality of electrolytic cells work, the electrolytic cells which are used for heat dissipation are taken as priority, the heat dissipation work is carried out firstly, and the heat generated by heat dissipation is transferred to the electrolytic cells which are used for heat supply. The invention can realize the heat matching of the electrolytic cell with different heat transfer direction requirements in the dynamic electrolytic hydrogen production system, reduce the external heat input and reduce the energy consumption. The heat is transmitted among different electrolytic tanks, so that the transmission distance of a heat medium is reduced, the heat loss is reduced, and the flexibility of the system is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a heat integration system for a dynamic hydrogen production process of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a temperature sensing unit of a heat integration system for a dynamic hydrogen production process of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a heat exchange unit of a heat integration system for a dynamic hydrogen production process of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the cell heat management logic for a heat integration system based on a dynamic hydrogen production process of the present invention.
In the drawings: 1 is a temperature detection unit; 2 is a heat exchange unit; 3 is a control module; 11 is a temperature sensor; 12 is a temperature signal transmission line; 21 is an internal heat exchanger; and 22 is an external heat exchanger.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative, but not limiting, of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the heat integration system for a dynamic hydrogen production process of the present invention includes a temperature detection unit 1 and a heat exchange unit 2. The temperature detecting unit 1 includes a temperature sensor 11 and a temperature signal transmission line 12, and the heat exchanging unit 2 includes an inner heat exchanger 21 and an outer heat exchanger 22. The temperature sensor 11 is connected with the electrolytic hydrogen production system PLC through a temperature signal transmission line 12.
According to the heat integration system for the dynamic hydrogen production process, the temperature sensor 11 extends into the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment. The heat exchange unit 2 is matched with the dynamic hydrogen production equipment to realize the heat extraction from the dynamic hydrogen production equipment or the heat supply to the hydrogen production equipment and the gradient utilization of the heat. Specifically, the heat exchange portion of the dynamic hydrogen plant is contacted with a heat exchange medium in an internal heat exchanger 21; the heat exchange medium then enters the external heat exchanger 22 and contacts with the external medium, and further utilization of heat is achieved.
The heat integration system for the dynamic hydrogen production process further comprises a control module 3, and the control module 3 has the functions of judging the heat state and adjusting the heat exchange behavior. Specifically, the control module 3 has the functions of receiving and judging electric signals and temperature signals; the valve opening adjusting function of the heat exchange unit is achieved. The control module 3 is arranged on a PLC of the electrolytic hydrogen production system.
A heat integration system for a dynamic hydrogen production process is characterized in that a heat exchange unit is provided with an electromagnetic valve system, and can receive a valve opening adjusting instruction of a control module 3 to realize the switching of a heat exchange medium and the adjustment of the flow of the heat exchange medium.
A heat integration system of a dynamic hydrogen production process is realized by the following steps:
(1) and (4) judging the thermal state of the electrolytic cell.
The control module 3 judges the load of the electrolytic cell and the load change direction:
if the power load of the electrolytic cell is lower than the rated power, the thermal state of the electrolytic cell is judged as needing heat supply;
if the load of the electrolytic cell is in an ascending state, the thermal state of the electrolytic cell is judged as heat supply;
if the power load of the electrolytic cell is equal to or higher than the rated power, the thermal state of the electrolytic cell is judged to be heat dissipation;
if the load of the electrolytic cell is in a descending state, the thermal state of the electrolytic cell is judged to be heat dissipation.
(2) And (4) adjusting the heat exchange behavior.
If the electrolytic cell judges that heat supply is needed, the control module 3 switches the heat exchange medium into the heating medium by controlling the opening and closing of the heat exchange medium valve. The heat exchange medium is water or heat conducting oil.
The control module 3 judges the temperature signal transmitted by the temperature signal transmission line 12 and compares the temperature signal with a set value:
when the temperature is lower than a set value, the flow speed of the heat exchange medium is increased through the control device;
when the temperature is equal to a set value, the control device keeps the flow velocity of the heat exchange medium unchanged;
when the temperature is higher than the set value, the flow speed of the heat exchange medium is reduced through the control device.
If the electrolytic cell judges that heat dissipation is needed, the control module 3 switches the heat exchange medium into the cooling medium by controlling the opening and closing of the heat exchange medium valve.
When the temperature is lower than a set value, the flow speed of the heat exchange medium is reduced through the control device;
when the temperature is equal to a set value, the control device keeps the flow velocity of the heat exchange medium unchanged;
when the temperature is higher than the set value, the flow speed of the heat exchange medium is increased through the control device.
(3) And (4) utilizing waste heat.
When the heat exchange medium is a cooling medium, the heat exchange medium is introduced into an external heat exchanger, and the high-temperature hot water after heat exchange is used as a heat source.
When the heat exchange medium is a heating medium, the heat exchange medium is introduced into an external heat exchanger, and the waste heat after heat exchange is further utilized.
When the heat exchange medium is a cooling medium, the heat exchange medium can also directly take heat to another electrolytic tank in the hydrogen production system, and when the other electrolytic tank judges that heat dissipation is needed.
When the heat exchange medium is a heating medium, the heat exchange medium can also directly supply heat to another electrolytic tank in the hydrogen production system, and when the other electrolytic tank judges that heat is required to be supplied.
According to the heat integration system for the dynamic hydrogen production process, the temperature sensor 11 extends into the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment. The temperature sensor 11 directly detects the internal temperature of the electrolytic cell, so that the feedback of the temperature of the electrolytic cell is more real-time and rapid, a safety blind spot is eliminated, the operation set temperature of the electrolytic cell can be increased by 5-10 ℃, and the working efficiency of the electrolytic cell is improved; after the temperature of the electrolytic cell rises, the quality of the waste heat is improved, and the subsequent heat utilization is facilitated. The heat exchange unit 2 is matched with the dynamic hydrogen production equipment, the heat transfer requirement of the electrolytic cell can be judged according to the power load state of the hydrogen production by electrolysis, the optimal working temperature of the dynamic hydrogen production by electrolysis under different loads can be maintained, and the heat can be taken from the dynamic hydrogen production equipment or supplied to the hydrogen production equipment and the gradient utilization of the heat can be realized. Specifically, the heat exchange portion of the dynamic hydrogen plant is contacted with a heat exchange medium in an internal heat exchanger 21; the heat exchange medium then enters the external heat exchanger 22 and contacts with the external medium, and further utilization of heat is achieved. The heat exchanger further comprises a control module 3, and the control module 3 has the functions of judging the heat state and adjusting the heat exchange behavior. The invention can realize high-efficiency dynamic electrolytic hydrogen production heat integrated management, realize high-precision temperature control and safe operation, and improve the energy efficiency of dynamic electrolytic hydrogen production.
The number of the electrolytic tanks is one or more; when the number of the electrolytic tanks is multiple, the temperature sensors 11 are arranged in the electrolytic tanks, and the output ends of the temperature sensors 11 are electrically connected with the control module 3; the control module 3 is also internally provided with a multiplexer, the multiplexer takes the electrolytic cell for heat dissipation as the priority, the heat energy generated by the internal heat exchanger 21 in the electrolytic cell for heat dissipation is transmitted to the external heat exchanger 22, and the external heat exchanger 22 transmits the heat energy to the electrolytic cell for heat supply.
Through setting up the multiplexer, when many electrolysis trough carry out work, regard as the priority with the electrolysis trough that dispels the heat, carry out the work of dispelling the heat earlier, give the electrolysis trough that carries out the heat supply with the heat transfer that the heat dissipation produced. The invention can realize the heat matching of the electrolytic cell with different heat transfer direction requirements in the dynamic electrolytic hydrogen production system, reduce the external heat input and reduce the energy consumption. The heat is transmitted among different electrolytic tanks, so that the transmission distance of a heat medium is reduced, the heat loss is reduced, and the flexibility of the system is improved.
Example 1
The heat integration system for the dynamic hydrogen production process comprises a temperature detection unit 1 and a heat exchange unit 2. The temperature detection unit 1 comprises a temperature sensor 11 and a temperature signal transmission line 12, and the heat exchange unit 2 comprises a heat exchanger 21 and an insulating layer 22. The temperature sensor 11 is connected with the electrolytic hydrogen production system PLC through a temperature signal transmission line 12. Wherein the temperature sensor 11 extends into the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment. The heat integration system for the dynamic hydrogen production process further comprises a control module 3, and the control module 3 has the functions of judging the heat state and adjusting the heat exchange behavior. Specifically, the control module 3 has the functions of receiving and judging electric signals and temperature signals; the valve opening adjusting function of the heat exchange unit is achieved. The control module 3 is combined with a PLC of the electrolytic hydrogen production system.
A heat integration system for a dynamic hydrogen production process is characterized in that a heat exchange unit is provided with an electromagnetic valve system, and can receive a valve opening adjusting instruction of a control module 3 to realize the switching of a heat exchange medium and the adjustment of the flow of the heat exchange medium.
The invention relates to a heat integration system for a dynamic hydrogen production process, which comprises the following steps:
The method specifically comprises the following steps: the control module 3 judges the load of the electrolytic cell and the load change direction:
if the power load of the electrolytic cell is lower than the rated power, the thermal state of the electrolytic cell is judged as needing heat supply;
if the load of the electrolytic cell is in an ascending state, the thermal state of the electrolytic cell is judged as heat supply;
if the power load of the electrolytic cell is equal to or higher than the rated power, the thermal state of the electrolytic cell is judged to be heat dissipation;
if the load of the electrolytic cell is in a descending state, the thermal state of the electrolytic cell is judged to be heat dissipation.
And 2, controlling the heat exchange unit 2 to regulate the temperature according to the thermal state of the electrolytic cell.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: if the electrolytic cell judges that heat supply is needed, the control module 3 switches the heat exchange medium into the heating medium by controlling the opening and closing of the heat exchange medium valve.
The control module 3 judges the temperature signal transmitted by the temperature signal transmission line 12 and compares the temperature signal with a set value:
when the temperature is lower than a set value, the flow speed of the heat exchange medium is increased through the control device;
when the temperature is equal to a set value, the control device keeps the flow velocity of the heat exchange medium unchanged;
when the temperature is higher than the set value, the flow speed of the heat exchange medium is reduced through the control device.
If the electrolytic cell judges that heat dissipation is needed, the control module 3 switches the heat exchange medium into the cooling medium by controlling the opening and closing of the heat exchange medium valve.
When the temperature is lower than a set value, the flow speed of the heat exchange medium is reduced through the control device;
when the temperature is equal to a set value, the control device keeps the flow velocity of the heat exchange medium unchanged;
when the temperature is higher than the set value, the flow speed of the heat exchange medium is increased through the control device.
And 3, outputting heat after temperature adjustment, and utilizing waste heat of the heat.
The method specifically comprises the following steps: when the heat exchange medium is a cooling medium, the heat exchange medium is introduced into an external heat exchanger, and the high-temperature hot water after heat exchange is used as a heat source.
When the heat exchange medium is a heating medium, the heat exchange medium is introduced into an external heat exchanger, and the waste heat after heat exchange is further utilized.
When the heat exchange medium is a cooling medium, the heat exchange medium can also directly take heat to another electrolytic tank in the hydrogen production system, and when the other electrolytic tank judges that heat dissipation is needed.
When the heat exchange medium is a heating medium, the heat exchange medium can also directly supply heat to another electrolytic tank in the hydrogen production system, and when the other electrolytic tank judges that heat is required to be supplied.
In this embodiment, the power input in the dynamic hydrogen production process may be any fluctuating power source, such as wind power, photovoltaic, and thermal power with peak shaving requirements.
In this embodiment, the apparatus for the dynamic hydrogen production process may be an alkaline electrolyzer, a PEM electrolyzer, or a SOEC electrolyzer.
In this embodiment, one or more devices may be used in the dynamic hydrogen production process, and the technologies and capacities of the devices may be the same or different.
In this embodiment, when the number of the devices in the dynamic hydrogen production process is multiple, the number of the heat exchange units may be 1 or more. For example, when the hydrogen is dynamically produced by wind power, when a plurality of fans are respectively matched with a plurality of electrolytic cells, the electrolytic cells matched with each fan can share one heat exchange unit, or each electrolytic cell is matched with one heat exchange unit. This allows for greater flexibility.
In the embodiment, when a plurality of devices are used in the dynamic hydrogen production process, the heat matching among the devices can be realized. The specific method comprises the following steps:
(1) the control module 3 judges the thermal state of each electrolytic cell.
(2) When the number N1 of the electrolysis cells needing heat supply is equal to the total number N of the electrolysis cells, the adjusting heat exchange unit supplies heat to the electrolysis cells by using an external heating medium.
(3) When the number N2 of the electrolysis baths needing heat dissipation is equal to the total number N of the electrolysis baths, the adjusting heat exchange unit utilizes an external cooling medium to take heat from the electrolysis baths.
(4) When the number of the electrolytic cells N1 needing heat supply is less than the total number N of the electrolytic cells, and the number of the electrolytic cells N2 needing heat dissipation is less than the total number N of the electrolytic cells, the control module 3 preferentially enables the electrolytic cells needing heat dissipation and the electrolytic cells needing heat supply to be subjected to heat matching, optimizes the matching mode and reduces the input of external heat sources to the maximum extent.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the number of the dynamic hydrogen production electrolytic cells is 2, and the heat matching between the devices is implemented as follows:
(1) the control module 3 judges the thermal state of each electrolytic cell.
(2) When the two electrolytic tanks need to supply heat, the heat exchange unit is adjusted to supply heat to the electrolytic tanks by using an external heating medium.
(3) When the two electrolytic tanks need to dissipate heat, the heat exchange unit is adjusted to use external cooling medium to take heat from the electrolytic tanks.
(4) When the electrolytic cell 1 needs to supply heat and the electrolytic cell 2 needs to dissipate heat, the control module 3 preferentially enables the electrolytic cell needing to dissipate heat to be matched with the electrolytic cell needing to supply heat, and optimizes a matching mode to reduce the input of an external heat source to the maximum extent. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
(4.1) the control module 3 calculates the heat transmission requirements of the two electrolytic tanks:
heat supply requirement of the electrolytic cell 1:
Q1＝C1×(T-T1)-Qe1；
heat dissipation requirements of the electrolytic cell 2:
Q2＝C2×(T2-T)+Qe2；
wherein, C1 and C2 are the average specific heat capacity of the electrolytic cell; t1, T2 are the temperature of the cell; t is the optimum operating temperature of the cell; qe1、Qe2Is the heat dissipation capacity of the electrolytic cell during operation.
(4.2) the control module 3 judges the external heat transfer requirement:
if Q1 is less than Q2, the whole dynamic hydrogen production system needs to dissipate heat;
if Q1 is Q2, the dynamic hydrogen production system has no need of external heat;
if Q1 is more than Q2, the whole dynamic hydrogen production system needs heat supply.
(4.3) the control module 3 regulates and controls heat exchange behaviors:
if Q1 is less than Q2, after the heat medium flows through the internal heat exchanger of the electrolytic cell 2, a part of the heat medium flows into the internal heat exchanger of the electrolytic cell 1, and after the heat supply required by the electrolytic cell 1 is supplied, the heat medium returns to the original medium storage tank to complete circulation; the other part flows into an external heat exchanger, and after the waste heat is transferred to external heat exchange media, the waste heat returns to an original medium storage tank to complete circulation.
When Q1 is Q2, the heat medium flows through the internal heat exchanger of the electrolytic cell 2, flows into the internal heat exchanger of the electrolytic cell 1, and is supplied to the electrolytic cell 1 with the required heat supply amount, and then returns to the original medium storage tank, thereby completing the cycle.
If Q1 is more than Q2, after the heat medium flows through the internal heat exchanger of the electrolytic cell 1, a part of the heat medium flows into the internal heat exchanger of the electrolytic cell 2, and after the heat supply required by the electrolytic cell 2 is taken away, the heat medium returns to the original medium storage tank to complete circulation; the other part flows into an external heat exchanger, is heated by external heat exchange media and then returns to the original medium storage tank to complete circulation.
In the above process, the temperature T of the heat medium is between T1 and T2; the flow rate of the heat medium was:
M1＝Q1/C(T-T1)；M2＝Q2/C(T2-T)。
wherein M1 and M2 are respectively the flow of the heat medium in the electrolytic tanks 1 and 2; and C is the specific heat capacity of the heat medium.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the number of the dynamic hydrogen production electrolytic cells is N (N >2), and the heat matching between the devices is implemented as follows:
(1) the control module 3 judges the thermal state of each electrolytic cell.
(2) When each electrolytic cell needs to supply heat, the heat exchange unit is adjusted to supply heat to the electrolytic cell by using an external heating medium.
(3) When each electrolytic cell needs to dissipate heat, the heat exchange unit is adjusted to use external cooling medium to take heat from the electrolytic cell.
(4) When N1 electrolytic cells need to supply heat and N2 electrolytic cells need to dissipate heat, the control module 3 preferentially matches the electrolytic cells needing to dissipate heat with the electrolytic cells needing to supply heat, and optimizes the matching mode to reduce the input of external heat sources to the maximum extent. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
(4.1) carrying out heat matching on the random electrolytic cell N1x needing heat supply and the random electrolytic cell N2y needing heat dissipation according to the method of the embodiment 2, and calculating the heat transfer quantity Qxy required by the system;
(4.2) calculating the total heat transfer quantity Q required by the system for all the heat matching combinations of the electrolytic cells;
(4.3) judging the heat matching combination with the lowest heat transfer quantity Q;
and (4.4) adjusting the heat exchange behavior according to the heat matching combination with the lowest heat transfer quantity Q.
Claims (10)
1. A heat integration system for a dynamic hydrogen production process is characterized by comprising a temperature detection unit (1), a heat exchange unit (2) and a control module (3);
the temperature detection unit (1) comprises a temperature sensor (11), and the heat exchange unit (2) comprises an internal heat exchanger (21) and an external heat exchanger (22);
the temperature sensor (11) is arranged in the electrolytic cell, and the output end of the temperature sensor (11) is electrically connected with the control module (3);
the control module (3) is arranged on a PLC of the electrolytic hydrogen production system, the control module (3) is electrically connected with the PLC of the electrolytic hydrogen production system, a data comparator is arranged in the control module (3), and the data comparator is in data connection with a data memory with a built-in comparison value;
the internal heat exchanger (21) is connected with the external heat exchanger (22) through a pipeline, and a heat exchange medium is arranged in the pipeline; the internal heat exchanger (21) is arranged on the outer side of the electrolytic cell, and the external heat exchanger (22) is arranged outside the electrolytic hydrogen production system and used for utilizing heat energy; the control module (3) controls the heat exchange power of the heat exchange unit (2), and the power source of the electrolytic hydrogen production system is a fluctuating power source.
2. The heat integration system of a dynamic hydrogen production process according to claim 1, wherein the number of the electrolysis cells is one or more;
when the number of the electrolytic tanks is multiple, temperature sensors (11) are arranged in the electrolytic tanks, and the output ends of the temperature sensors (11) are electrically connected with the control module (3); the control module (3) is also internally provided with a multiplexer, the multiplexer takes the electrolytic cell for heat dissipation as the priority, the heat energy generated by the internal heat exchanger (21) in the electrolytic cell for heat dissipation is transmitted to the external heat exchanger (22), and the external heat exchanger (22) transmits the heat energy to the electrolytic cell for heat supply.
3. The heat integration system of a dynamic hydrogen production process according to claim 1, wherein a solenoid valve is arranged on a pipeline between the internal heat exchanger (21) and the external heat exchanger (22), and the solenoid valve is electrically connected with the control module (3).
4. The heat integration system of a dynamic hydrogen production process according to claim 1, wherein the heat exchange medium is a heating medium or a cooling medium.
5. The heat integration system of a dynamic hydrogen production process of claim 1, wherein the electrolyzer is an alkaline electrolyzer, a PEM electrolyzer, or a SOEC electrolyzer.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the internal comparison value of the data storage device is an optimal operating temperature of the electrolytic cell.
7. The heat integration system of a dynamic hydrogen production process of claim 1, wherein the fluctuating power supply is a wind, photovoltaic, or thermal power supply.
8. The heat integration system of a dynamic hydrogen production process according to claim 1, wherein the temperature detection unit (1) further comprises a temperature signal transmission line (12), and the output end of the temperature sensor (11) is electrically connected with the control module (3) through the temperature signal transmission line (12).
9. A heat integration method for a dynamic hydrogen production process is characterized by comprising the following processes of obtaining the temperature of an electrolytic cell, and judging the thermal state of the electrolytic cell according to the temperature and power of the electrolytic cell, wherein the thermal state of the electrolytic cell is heat dissipation or heat supply;
controlling the heat exchange unit (2) to regulate the temperature according to the thermal state of the electrolytic cell; when the temperature is adjusted, heat is output, and waste heat utilization is carried out on the heat.
10. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining the thermal state of the electrolyzer comprises the steps of,
when the power load of the electrolytic cell is lower than the rated power, the thermal state of the electrolytic cell is judged as needing heat supply;
when the load of the electrolytic cell is in an ascending state, the thermal state of the electrolytic cell is judged as heat supply;
when the power load of the electrolytic cell is not lower than the rated power, the thermal state of the electrolytic cell is judged to be heat dissipation;
when the load of the electrolytic cell is in a descending state, the thermal state of the electrolytic cell is judged to be heat dissipation.
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