CN101610048B - Device for using waste heat of aluminum electrolytic cell - Google Patents
Device for using waste heat of aluminum electrolytic cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN101610048B CN101610048B CN2008100315025A CN200810031502A CN101610048B CN 101610048 B CN101610048 B CN 101610048B CN 2008100315025 A CN2008100315025 A CN 2008100315025A CN 200810031502 A CN200810031502 A CN 200810031502A CN 101610048 B CN101610048 B CN 101610048B
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- temperature
- electrothermal module
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device for using waste heat of an aluminum electrolytic cell. The device is characterized by comprising thermoelectric modules, a cooling device and a battery or load, wherein the high-temperature ends of the thermoelectric modules are closely fixed on the outer wall of the electrolytic cell, and the low-temperature ends are connected with the cooling device; the voltage leading-out ends of the thermoelectric modules are connected with the battery or load; and the thermoelectric modules are in series, parallel or series-parallel connection with each other. By adopting the device, the energy consumption in the aluminum electrolyzing process is reduced, and the energy utilization in aluminum electrolysis is improved by 0.5 to 5 percent; moreover, because a thermal balance control system of the aluminum electrolytic cell is added in the device, the original aluminum electrolyzing process is not affected when the heat energy is utilized to generate the electric energy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of aluminium electrolytic heat utilization device.
Background technology
China's electrolysis production metallic aluminium process, adopt the prebaked anode aluminum electrolyzation technology mostly, electrolysis temperature is about 950 ℃, the average power utilance of aluminium cell is about 48%, about 300 ℃ of aluminium cell side wall temperatures, about 90 ℃ of bottom land temperature, the about 150 ℃ temperature of groove top discharge duct, there is energy over half to be dispersed in the environment, causes huge energy waste, and environment is caused thermal pollution with the form of used heat.And because the used heat utilization distributes to the temperature field of electrolysis tank itself and the energy balance of keeping the electrolysis production process can cause the influence of complexity, even can make electrolytic process normally not carry out, therefore, the relevant report of the utilization of still unmatchful aluminium cell used heat up to the present.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved of the present invention provides a kind of aluminium electrolytic heat utilization device, this device utilizes used heat to produce electric energy keeping on the thermally equilibrated basis of electrolysis tank, promptly at first satisfy the aluminum electrolysis process process to thermally equilibrated requirement in the aluminium cell, utilize its used heat that distributes to transform and then.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of aluminium electrolytic heat utilization device, it is characterized in that, comprise cooling device and the battery or the load of electrothermal module, the output of may command heat energy, the temperature end of this electrothermal module is close to and is fixed on the electrolysis tank outer wall, low temperature termination cooling device, the voltage leading-out ends of described electrothermal module connects battery or load; Described cooling device comprises and the contacted metal tube of electrothermal module low-temperature end that circulation feeds heat-conducting medium in the described metal tube.
Described heat-conducting medium is fire retardant insulating oil or water.By regulating the heat energy output of heat-conducting fluid flow control aluminium cell.This cooling device comprises that also one is fixed on the temperature sensor of aluminium cell outer wall; One is used to regulate the adjuster valve of heat-conducting medium flow; One controller, the input of this controller connects the output of described temperature sensor, and the output of this controller connects the control end of described adjuster valve.The automatic control system of forming the aluminium cell outside wall temperature by above-mentioned temperature sensor, adjuster valve, the metal tube that is filled with heat-conducting medium.
This controller adopts PID, fuzzy control or ANN Control strategy, the combination of perhaps above-mentioned various control strategy, and above-mentioned control strategy is determined according to size, grooved and the process conditions of electrolysis tank.
As improvement, described electrothermal module is a plurality of, interconnects with serial or parallel connection or series connection and the mode that combines in parallel.
According to the concrete condition of aluminium cell Temperature Distribution, the temperature end working temperature that is installed on the electrothermal module of electrolysis tank sidepiece is preferably 200～500 ℃, and the temperature end working temperature that is installed on the electrothermal module of bottom of electrolytic tank is preferably 50～150 ℃.
Electrothermal module temperature end and low-temperature end are preferably kept 60～100 ℃ temperature difference.
As improvement, be in series with constant-current stabilizer or constant-current stabilizer between described electrothermal module and battery or the load.
The beneficial effect that the present invention had has:
The present invention can reduce the energy resource consumption of aluminium electrolysis process by the utilization to electrolysis tank used heat, can improve aluminium electroloysis capacity usage ratio 0.5～5%, because electrolytic aluminium is the highly energy-consuming process, therefore can reduce energy resource consumption, and its meaning is particularly great.Thermally equilibrated requirement under the normal operating conditions of aluminium cell is not considered in more existing used heat utilizations, and used heat utilizes in the process, can produce complicated influence to electrolysis tank, and normal production process can't be carried out.The present invention has taken into full account the aluminium cell working temperature, the requirement of thermal equilibrium condition, with electrothermal module and cooling device combination dexterously, introduced aluminium cell thermal equilibrium control system, help the electrolytic tank electrolysis temperature controlling, especially sidepiece, the control of bottom temp, thus the thickness of control stove group forms type in the regular burner hearth, effectively improve the useful life of aluminium cell, can not produce any harmful effect original aluminium electrolysis process in the process of utilizing heat energy to produce electric energy.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a general structure block diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the thermoelectric unit schematic diagram; (1-thermal conductive ceramic, the 2-conductive copper sheet is formed)
Fig. 3 is the electrothermal module schematic diagram; (3-thermoelectric unit)
Fig. 4 is the concrete structure figure (4-electrothermal module, 5-metal tube, 6-temperature sensor, 7-aluminium cell) of embodiments of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the automatic control schematic diagram of the cooling device of embodiments of the invention;
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.Following examples are intended to illustrate the present invention rather than limitation of the invention further.
General structure block diagram of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, this device comprises electrothermal module, cooling device, voltage stabilizing or constant-current stabilizer and battery or load; The low-temperature end of electrothermal module (being cold junction) connects cooling device, electrothermal module temperature end (being the hot junction) is fixed on the aluminium cell outer wall, and heat energy is converted into electric energy to electrothermal module and its voltage leading-out ends is exported electric energy by described voltage stabilizing or constant-current stabilizer to battery or load.
The operation principle of electrothermal module: every electrothermal module (thermoelectric material) as shown in Figure 3, form to a hundreds of thermoelectric unit 3 by tens, thermoelectric unit as shown in Figure 2, wherein two ends respectively are provided with thermal conductive ceramic 1 and conductive copper sheet 2 up and down, each thermoelectric unit is made up of a p N-type semiconductor N and a n N-type semiconductor N, cold junction (upper end of Fig. 2) connects low-temperature space, hot junction (lower end of Fig. 2) connects the high-temperature region, cold junction p N-type semiconductor N is connected by conductor with the n N-type semiconductor N, the hot junction connects external circuit, when there are the temperature difference in hot junction and cold junction, the p in hot junction then, n semiconductor external lead wire is outwards exported electric energy, and output voltage is directly proportional with the temperature difference.Because single electrothermal module output voltage is lower, need to improve its output voltage by series connection.Employed electrothermal module restrains thermoelectric Electronics Co., Ltd. by the Xiamen nanometer and produces, and model is TEP1-12656-0.6, or the product that adopts Earthquake of Anyang station in Henan city ether Science ﹠ Technology Center to produce, and model is TECI-03180T125.
The aluminium cell that China adopts at present mostly is prebaked cell for aluminum-reduction, since anode electrolytic cell, electrolyte, all there is resistance in negative electrodes etc., in electrolytic process, big electric current by the time produce huge heat, adopt the bottom insulation, the mode of top exhausting heat radiation, keep the heat balance of whole electrolysis tank, its normal electrolysis temperature is about 950 ℃, and the bottom land temperature is 70～110 ℃, the groove sidepiece is 200～400 ℃, with environment the bigger temperature difference is arranged.
Use the temperature end working temperature and be the temperature-difference power generation module about 400 ℃, adopt bonding or screw is fixed in the electrolysis tank sidepiece, the temperature end working temperature is that the temperature-difference power generation module about 100 ℃ is fixed in bottom of electrolytic tank in the same way.Spacing between the electrothermal module is 0.5～3cm, fills with heat-insulating materials such as foamed cements.
Electrothermal module low side temperature is adjustable, and low-temperature end is cooled off with two kinds of cooling devices, keeps certain temperature:
(1) adopt withstand voltage corrosion resistant metal tube 5, feed heat-conducting mediums such as fire retardant insulating oil or water in the pipe, heat-conducting medium recycles.
Between the temperature end of electrolysis tank outer surface and electrothermal module 4, fix a temperature sensor 6, use automatic temperature control apparatus,, keep the stable of electrolyzer temperature by changing the mode of heat-conducting medium flow.If temperature sensor 6 signals show electrolyzer temperature and raise, then according to the difference of measured value and set point, based on the PID control law of determining, by automatic control circuit control automatic regulating valve, increase its valve opening, increase the flow of heat transfer medium, improve the emission of heat, keep cell surface temperature (temperature of promptly controlling the aluminium cell sidewall is 200～400 ℃, and the temperature of control aluminium cell bottom land is 70～110 ℃) within the specific limits, satisfy the normal temperature requirement of aluminium electroloysis.
The electrothermal module that adopts is 40*40*4～60*60*9mm
3, when hot junction and cold junction were kept 60～100 ℃ temperature difference, the output voltage of electrothermal module was 4～6V, electric current is 3～5A.
The electrothermal module series connection improves its output voltage to specified requirement, and parallel way reaches required direct current current range.
If the output current of electrothermal module is used for the 240kA electrolysis tank, then adopt 1000 electrothermal module parallel connections, provide stable DC by existing aluminium cell constant-current stabilizer to electrolysis tank.
Another kind of output electric energy mode is: output voltage is boosted or step-down through commercially available alternating current-direct current inverter circuit, obtain stable output voltage, be stored in Ni-H secondary cell or other secondary cell.
The voltage that electrothermal module sends is
V=S* (T
High-T
Low)
Wherein, * is for taking advantage of religious name, and S is the conversion coefficient (being the Seebeck coefficient) of electrothermal module, T
HighAnd T
LowBe respectively the temperature of electrothermal module temperature end, low-temperature end.
Electrolysis tank by the electrothermal module distribute heat is
Q
Put=c*m* (T
High-T
Low)
Wherein, c is the specific heat of medium, and m is the quality of the heat-conducting medium that flows through, from following formula as can be known, regulates the flow of the heat-conducting medium that flows through, i.e. the heat that sheds of scalable, thus keep electrolyzer temperature in the scope of being controlled.
Embodiment 1:
At a 240kA prebaked cell for aluminum-reduction:
Groove sidepiece area+trench bottom area is 2.11*10
6Mm
2, every thermoelectric generation module: 40*40*4mm
3, when hot junction and cold junction were kept 60～100 ℃ temperature difference, the output voltage of electrothermal module was 4～6V, electric current is 3～5A.
On average to utilize 70% of bottom land groove lateral area, 2.11*10 is installed
6* 70%/1600=9.23*10
2(sheet), application temperature end working temperature is the temperature-difference power generation module (being thermoelectric module) about 400 ℃, adopt bonding or screw is fixed in the electrolysis tank sidepiece, the temperature end working temperature is that the temperature-difference power generation module (electrothermal module) about 100 ℃ is fixed in bottom of electrolytic tank in the same way.Spacing between the electrothermal module is 0.5～3cm, fills with heat-insulating materials such as foamed cements.
Electrothermal module low side temperature is adjustable, and low-temperature end is cooled off in the following manner, the heat dissipation capacity of control aluminium cell:
Adopt withstand voltage corrosion resistant metal tube, feed heat-conducting mediums such as fire retardant insulating oil or water in the pipe, heat-conducting medium recycles.
The installation site of electrothermal module and aluminium cell concerns that as shown in Figure 4 the spacing between the electrothermal module 4 is 2cm, fills with heat-insulating materials such as foamed cements, and the positive terminal of electrothermal module, negative electricity end are that bus is connected in parallel with copper or aluminium respectively.Be connected to the positive and negative power connection end of aluminium cell 7 constant-current stabilizers.The low-temperature end of electrothermal module closely contacts with heat pipe 5, and heat pipe adopts screw to be fixed in pot shell.
At the gap location difference mounting temperature sensor 6 of electrolysis tank outer surface sidepiece, bottom electrothermal module, use automatic temperature control apparatus, by changing the mode of heat-conducting medium flow, keep the stable of electrolyzer temperature.If temperature sensor signal shows electrolyzer temperature and raises, then by automatic control circuit (controller) regulating and controlling valve, increase its valve opening, increase the flow of heat-conducting medium in the metal tube, increase the emission of heat, keep cell surface temperature (temperature of promptly controlling the aluminium cell sidewall is 200～400 ℃, and the temperature of control aluminium cell sidewall is 70～110 ℃) within the specific limits, thereby satisfy the normal temperature requirement of aluminium electroloysis.It controls schematic diagram as shown in Figure 5 automatically.
Claims (7)
1. aluminium electrolytic heat utilization device, it is characterized in that, comprise cooling device and the battery or the load of electrothermal module, the output of may command heat energy, the temperature end of this electrothermal module is close to and is fixed on the electrolysis tank outer wall, low temperature termination cooling device, the voltage leading-out ends of described electrothermal module connects battery or load; Described cooling device comprises and the contacted metal tube of electrothermal module low-temperature end that circulation feeds heat-conducting medium in the metal tube;
Described cooling device comprises that also one is fixed on the temperature sensor of aluminium cell outer wall; One is used to regulate the adjuster valve of heat-conducting medium flow; One controller, the input of this controller connects the output of described temperature sensor, and the output of this controller connects the control end of described adjuster valve.
2. aluminium electrolytic heat utilization device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described heat-conducting medium is fire retardant insulating oil or water.
3. aluminium electrolytic heat utilization device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, controller is PID controller, fuzzy controller or nerve network controller, the controller of perhaps comprehensive PID control strategy, fuzzy control strategy and ANN Control strategy.
4. aluminium electrolytic heat utilization device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described electrothermal module is a plurality of, interconnects with serial or parallel connection or series connection and the mode that combines in parallel.
5. aluminium electrolytic heat utilization device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the temperature end working temperature of the electrothermal module of electrolysis tank sidepiece is 200～500 ℃, and the temperature end working temperature of the electrothermal module of bottom of electrolytic tank is 50～150 ℃.
6. aluminium electrolytic heat utilization device as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that electrothermal module temperature end and low-temperature end are kept 60～100 ℃ temperature difference.
7. as each described aluminium electrolytic heat utilization device of claim 1～6, it is characterized in that, be in series with stable-pressure device or constant-current stabilizer between described electrothermal module and battery or the load.
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| CN2008100315025A CN101610048B (en) | 2008-06-16 | 2008-06-16 | Device for using waste heat of aluminum electrolytic cell |
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| CN2008100315025A CN101610048B (en) | 2008-06-16 | 2008-06-16 | Device for using waste heat of aluminum electrolytic cell |
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| CN101610048A CN101610048A (en) | 2009-12-23 |
| CN101610048B true CN101610048B (en) | 2011-04-20 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103469253A (en) * | 2013-10-10 | 2013-12-25 | 郑州大学 | Forced heat transferring type aluminum electrolyzing groove |
| CN107012484B (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2019-01-08 | 中南大学 | It is a kind of to adjust thermally equilibrated heat preservation of aluminium electrolytic cell method and apparatus using flue gas |
Citations (6)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4222841A (en) * | 1979-04-23 | 1980-09-16 | Alumax Inc. | Hall cell |
| CN1434881A (en) * | 2000-06-07 | 2003-08-06 | 埃尔凯姆公司 | Electrolytic cell for production of aluminium and a method for maintaining crust on sidewall and for recovering electricty |
| CN1777704A (en) * | 2003-03-17 | 2006-05-24 | 诺尔斯海德公司 | Electrolytic tank and structural elements to be used therein |
| CN101044267A (en) * | 2004-09-16 | 2007-09-26 | 诺尔斯海德公司 | Method and a system for energy recovery and/or cooling |
| CN101054688A (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2007-10-17 | 东北大学设计研究院（有限公司） | Remaining heat recovery system and device for aluminum electrolysis bath |
| CN201210660Y (en) * | 2008-06-16 | 2009-03-18 | 湖南晟通科技集团有限公司 | Residue heat utilization apparatus for aluminum cell |
-
2008
- 2008-06-16 CN CN2008100315025A patent/CN101610048B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4222841A (en) * | 1979-04-23 | 1980-09-16 | Alumax Inc. | Hall cell |
| CN1434881A (en) * | 2000-06-07 | 2003-08-06 | 埃尔凯姆公司 | Electrolytic cell for production of aluminium and a method for maintaining crust on sidewall and for recovering electricty |
| CN1777704A (en) * | 2003-03-17 | 2006-05-24 | 诺尔斯海德公司 | Electrolytic tank and structural elements to be used therein |
| CN101044267A (en) * | 2004-09-16 | 2007-09-26 | 诺尔斯海德公司 | Method and a system for energy recovery and/or cooling |
| CN101054688A (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2007-10-17 | 东北大学设计研究院（有限公司） | Remaining heat recovery system and device for aluminum electrolysis bath |
| CN201210660Y (en) * | 2008-06-16 | 2009-03-18 | 湖南晟通科技集团有限公司 | Residue heat utilization apparatus for aluminum cell |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| JP特开平10-201269A 1998.07.31 |
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Address after: Taoyuan County in Hunan province Changde city 415700 disk town Chuangyuan Industrial Park Patentee after: Hunan Shengtong Technology Group Co., Ltd. Address before: 410205 Hunan province Changsha City National High Tech Development Zone, Lu Tin Road No. 2 Patentee before: Hunan Shengtong Technology Group Co., Ltd. |
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