CN113686647A - Method for measuring bulk elastic modulus of solid buoyancy material - Google Patents
Method for measuring bulk elastic modulus of solid buoyancy material Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for measuring the bulk modulus of a solid buoyancy material. The measuring method is carried out in a measuring device comprising: the device comprises a test bin, a pre-charging system, a pressurization system and a measurement control system; one end of the pre-charging system is connected with the inlet end of the test bin through the pressurization system, and the other end of the pre-charging system is connected with the outlet end of the test bin; and the measurement control system is respectively connected with the pre-charging system and the pressurization system. Compared with the method for measuring the bulk modulus of the solid buoyancy material in the prior art, the method provided by the invention considers the compression ratio of water on the basis of the prior art, so that the measurement of the volume change of the solid buoyancy material under the test pressure is more accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of measurement of bulk elastic modulus of solid buoyancy materials, and particularly relates to a method for measuring the bulk elastic modulus of a solid buoyancy material.
Background
The solid buoyancy material is a key core material in ocean exploration and deep sea engineering, and has the main functions of bearing hydrostatic pressure in a deep sea environment and providing buoyancy for an underwater device so as to realize suspension positioning of deep sea equipment, unpowered floating and submerging, increase effective load and reduce overall dimension.
The bulk modulus of elasticity of the solid buoyancy material is a key index for measuring the volume change of the solid buoyancy material under a certain pressure. The high water pressure environment in deep sea can cause the volume of the solid buoyancy material to shrink, which has two main effects on deep sea equipment: 1. influence the buoyancy provided by the solid buoyant material: the buoyancy provided by the solid buoyancy material is directly related to the volume of the solid buoyancy material, and the volume of the buoyancy material is reduced, so that the provided buoyancy is correspondingly reduced; 2. causing deformation of the structural member of the solid buoyant material: the solid buoyancy material structural member is generally formed by processing and bonding standard blocks, and the contraction of the buoyancy material can cause the contraction stress of the bonding interface of the solid buoyancy material structural member, so that the strength of the buoyancy material structural member is influenced. Therefore, the volume shrinkage of the solid buoyancy material under a certain pressure is accurately measured, so that on one hand, the buoyancy loss of the solid buoyancy material due to the volume shrinkage under the application water depth can be obtained, and the real buoyancy of the solid buoyancy material under the application water depth can be evaluated; on the other hand, the shrinkage stress change of the bonding interface of the solid buoyancy material under the application water depth can be obtained, so that the matched adhesive is selected for bonding, and the strength of the solid buoyancy material structural member under the application water depth is ensured. This has an important role in the buoyancy assessment and strength design of the deep submersible.
Patent document (application No. 200810158754.4) discloses a solid buoyancy material bulk modulus measuring device and a test method. The measuring device has the following defects: first, the device does not measure pressure enough to meet the test of the full-sea depth pressure range. The maximum working pressure of the device is 70MPa, the safety coefficient is 1.25, and the actual maximum working pressure is 87.5 MPa. At present, deep submergence equipment in some countries can reach ten thousand meters deep Brillouin, the corresponding pressure is about 100MPa, and if the safety factor is 1.25, the actual working pressure should reach at least 125 MPa. Secondly, the device has low measurement accuracy. The bearing device of the device is only added with a calibration steel block or a buoyancy material to be tested, the rest space of the bearing device is occupied by water, the water has a certain compression ratio under high pressure, and if the added water is excessive, the tiny volume change caused by the volume shrinkage of the buoyancy material is difficult to measure, so the device has lower test precision. In addition, this measurement method has the following drawbacks: in the measuring method, the volume change of the solid buoyancy material sample is not accurately measured because the compression ratio of water is not considered. The volume change of the sample is recorded by using delta Vs, and in the measuring method, the volume change of the solid buoyancy material sample is as follows: and the compression amount of the water is reduced by the compression amount of the water together with the sample, and the compression amount of the water is the volume change amount when the calibration steel block is placed. The volume change of the solid buoyancy material sample is inaccurate, and on the basis, the volume change is divided by the compression ratio of water under the current pressure, so that the obtained volume is the true shrinkage volume of the solid buoyancy material sample.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for measuring the bulk modulus of a solid buoyancy material, which can solve the technical problems of insufficient measurement pressure, low measurement precision and the like in the prior art and also solve the problem of inaccurate measurement of the volume change of a solid buoyancy material sample under the measurement pressure in the prior art.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for measuring bulk modulus of elasticity of a solid buoyant material, the method using a measurement device comprising: the device comprises a test bin, a pre-charging system, a pressurization system and a measurement control system;
one end of the pre-charging system is connected with one end (inlet) of the test bin through a pressurization system, and the other end of the pre-charging system is connected with the other end (outlet) of the test bin;
and the measurement control system is respectively connected with the pre-charging system and the pressurization system.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the priming system comprises a test medium which can enter and fill the test chamber through a pressurization system.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the pressurization system is configured to deliver the test media to the test chamber to pressurize the test chamber. For example, the test medium may be water or saline, preferably water.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the test chamber contains a standard sample or a sample of the buoyant material to be tested. Wherein, the standard sample is made of stainless steel. The buoyancy material sample to be detected is a solid buoyancy material, such as a solid buoyancy material prepared by mixing and thermally curing hollow glass beads and a polymer.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the test bin comprises a test cylinder, a test cylinder cover and a test tool, wherein the test tool is arranged in the test cylinder and used for loading and fixing a standard sample or a buoyancy material sample to be tested; the testing cylinder cover is used for being matched with the testing cylinder to form a closed testing bin.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the test chamber can bear the hydrostatic pressure of 100MPa-200MPa, and the person skilled in the art can understand that the hydrostatic pressure which can be borne by the test chamber can be selected according to the test requirement.
Wherein, the material of test jar is stainless steel material.
The testing cylinder is a cylinder with an accommodating cavity, preferably a cylinder, and the accommodating cavity is used for accommodating a testing tool. Further, the test cylinder is cylindrical, the inner diameter of the test cylinder is 50mm-400mm, and the outer diameter of the test cylinder is 150mm-600 mm.
The bottom of the testing cylinder is provided with a first opening, and the first opening is connected with the pressurization system to provide an inlet for a testing medium.
And a third open hole is formed in the testing cylinder cover (preferably at the circle center of the testing cylinder cover), is connected with the pre-charging system and is used for discharging air in the testing bin when testing media are pre-charged and circularly returning the testing media to the pre-charging system.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the appearance of the test tool is matched with the accommodating cavity. For example, the accommodating cavity is cylindrical, and the test tool is also cylindrical in shape.
The test tool is provided with a groove, and the groove is used for accommodating a standard sample or a buoyancy material sample to be tested. For example, the groove may be a rectangular parallelepiped or a square or cylindrical groove. Preferably, the shape of the standard sample or the buoyancy material sample to be tested is matched with the shape of the groove.
Preferably, the test tool can be tightly matched with the test cylinder, the test tool groove and the standard sample or the buoyancy material to be tested.
Preferably, the outer diameter of the test tool is 1-4mm smaller than the inner diameter of the test cylinder, so that the test tool is conveniently installed in the test cylinder, and the gap between the test cylinder and the test tool is conveniently filled with pre-filled water.
Preferably, the size of the inner groove of the test tool is 1-4mm larger than that of the standard sample or the buoyancy material to be tested, so that the standard sample or the buoyancy material to be tested can be conveniently loaded into the test tool, and the gap between the test tool and the standard sample or the buoyancy material to be tested can be conveniently filled with pre-filled water.
And a second opening is formed in the bottom of the test tool and communicated with the first opening. And the second opening is connected with the pressurization system to provide an inlet for a test medium.
The testing tool is used for loading and fixing the position of a standard sample or a buoyancy material sample to be tested. Furthermore, the testing tool has the function of reducing the addition of a pre-filled testing medium as much as possible, so that the measuring result is accurate.
Wherein, the standard sample is made of stainless steel.
And the standard sample and the buoyancy material sample to be detected have the same size.
The shape of the standard sample is the same as that of the groove of the test tool, such as a cuboid, a cube or a cylinder.
Wherein, the size of the standard sample can be determined according to the sizes of the testing cylinder and the testing tool.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the pre-fill system comprises a constant temperature circulating test media tank, a gas driven booster pump.
According to the embodiment of the invention, one end of the gas-driven booster pump is connected with the constant-temperature circulating test medium box, and the other end of the gas-driven booster pump is connected with a boosting system.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the constant temperature cycle test medium box contains a test medium, and those skilled in the art will understand that the volume of the constant temperature cycle test medium box and the temperature constant range thereof are not particularly limited. For example, the constant temperature cycle test media box has a volume of 5L to 20L. For example, the temperature of the test media in the constant temperature cycle test media box ranges from 10 ℃ to 50 ℃. The temperature of the testing medium in the constant-temperature circulating testing medium box is constant and can be adjusted according to setting.
The constant-temperature circulation test medium box mainly functions to provide a constant-temperature test medium source for pre-filled test medium and pressurized test medium. The test medium entering the pressurizing system and the test bin is at a constant temperature, and then the pressurizing system and the test bin are in a constant temperature environment. Constant temperature test media can provide accurate measurement results because the density of the test media is related to its temperature.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the gas-driven booster pump can utilize the pressure of the gas medium to press the test medium in the constant-temperature circulating test medium box into the booster system through the pipeline and then to the test chamber, so as to pre-fill the test chamber with the test medium. The pressure of the gas-driven booster pump is 4-8 atmospheric pressures.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the priming system further comprises a priming medium vent valve, a gaseous medium inlet, a filter, a gaseous medium shut-off valve, and a priming medium shut-off valve.
According to the embodiment of the invention, one end of the gas-driven booster pump is communicated with the gas medium inlet, and a filter and a gas medium stop valve are arranged between the gas medium inlet and the gas-driven booster pump. Wherein the gaseous medium may be air. Preferably, the gaseous medium inlet may be vented with air. The filter may filter contaminants from the incoming gaseous medium (e.g., air). The gas medium stop valve is arranged between the filter and the gas-driven booster pump and used for controlling the introduction of the gas medium.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the other end of the gas-driven booster pump is connected with the boosting system, and preferably, a pre-filling test medium stop valve is arranged between the other end of the gas-driven booster pump and the boosting system. The pre-charging test medium stop valve is opened when the test medium is pre-charged and closed before the test is started.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the gas medium inlet, the filter, the gas medium stop valve, the gas-driven booster pump, the pre-charge test medium stop valve, and the booster system are arranged in this order.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, a pre-filled test media vent valve is provided between the constant temperature circulating test media tank and the test chamber. When the device is used for pre-charging the testing medium, the testing bin is exhausted, and the pre-charged testing medium can return to the constant-temperature circulating testing medium box through the exhaust valve, so that the internal temperature of the testing device is consistent with the temperature of the pre-charged water.
According to the embodiment of the invention, one end of the pre-charging test medium exhaust valve is connected with the test cylinder cover, and the other end of the pre-charging test medium exhaust valve is connected with the constant-temperature circulation test medium box.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the pressurization system comprises a servo electric cylinder, a high-pressure pressurization cylinder; one end of the high-pressure booster cylinder is connected with the test bin, the other end of the high-pressure booster cylinder is connected with the pre-charging system, the other end of the high-pressure booster cylinder is connected with the servo electric cylinder, and the servo electric cylinder is used for boosting the high-pressure booster cylinder and the test bin; preferably, the servo electric cylinder pressurizes the high-pressure pressurizing cylinder and the test bin through thrust.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the high-pressure booster cylinder is connected with the air-driven booster pump, and a pre-filled test medium stop valve and a pressure sensor are arranged between the high-pressure booster cylinder and the air-driven booster pump. Preferably, the pressure sensor is located proximate to the high pressure booster cylinder.
Preferably, the pressurization system further comprises a pressure relief valve, and the pressure relief valve is arranged between the constant-temperature test medium tank and the high-pressure pressurization cylinder. Preferably, one end of the pressure relief valve is arranged between the pre-charging test medium stop valve and the pressure sensor, and the other end of the pressure relief valve is connected with the constant-temperature circulation test medium box. The main function of the pressure relief valve is to operate the pressure relief valve to relieve pressure of the test bin when the servo electric cylinder has a problem and cannot relieve pressure. Typically, the pressure relief valve is normally closed.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the flow path of the test medium in the constant temperature cycle test medium box in the device is: constant temperature cycle test medium box → air-driven booster pump → high pressure booster cylinder → test chamber → constant temperature cycle test medium box.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the test bin, the high-pressure booster cylinder and the pipeline connected with the high-pressure booster cylinder can be wrapped by the heat insulation cotton, so that the measured temperature is more constant.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the measurement control system comprises a control terminal for controlling the pre-charging of the test medium and the pressurizing of the test medium. Preferably, the control end is connected with a pre-charging test medium exhaust valve, a gas medium stop valve, a gas-driven booster pump, a pre-charging test medium stop valve, a pressure sensor and a servo electric cylinder respectively.
The pressure sensor can record the pressure applied to the test bin in real time. The servo electric cylinder can set a propelling speed and a return speed through the control end, the test bin is controlled to be pressurized through the propelling speed, and the test bin is controlled to be released through the return speed. The servo electric cylinder can record a stroke, and the positioning precision is 0.01 mm. The volume of water pushed into the test bin by the servo electric cylinder is equal to the square of the stroke of the servo electric cylinder multiplied by pi multiplied by the radius of the high-pressure booster cylinder.
The control end displays a two-dimensional image of a test result, the abscissa is the volume of water pushed into the test bin by the servo electric cylinder, and the ordinate is the pressure in the test bin.
Preferably, the control end comprises a control program, and the braking of each part is controlled through the control program.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the method for measuring the bulk modulus of elasticity of the solid buoyancy material comprises the following steps:
(A) and (3) testing a reference curve:
(i) loading a standard sample: putting the standard sample into a test bin, and sealing the test bin;
(ii) the test chamber is pre-filled with test media: filling the test bin with a test medium, so that the temperature of the standard sample, the high-pressure booster cylinder and the test bin is the same as the temperature of the test medium;
(iii) and (3) testing a reference curve: pushing a test medium into a high-pressure pressurizing cylinder and a test bin through a servo electric cylinder for pressurizing, maintaining the pressure after the maximum pressure is reached, and then releasing the pressure until the pressure is 0 to obtain a volume change curve of a standard sample pressed into the test medium in a test pressure range, wherein the volume change curve is used as a reference curve;
the volume of water pushed into the test bin by the servo electric cylinder is equal to the square of the stroke of the servo electric cylinder multiplied by pi multiplied by the radius of the high-pressure booster cylinder;
(B) testing the solid buoyancy material to be tested: taking out the standard sample, weighing the solid buoyancy material to be measured, and recording as m1Putting the test sample into a test bin, and sealing the test bin;
repeating the steps (A) (ii), (A) (iii) to obtain a volume change curve of the solid buoyancy material to be tested pressed into the test medium in the test pressure range, and taking the volume change curve as a sample curve to be tested;
(C) measuring the water absorption volume of the buoyancy material: taking out the solid buoyancy material to be measured, weighing, and recording as m2Through m1、m2And the density rho of the test medium, and calculating to obtain the water absorption volume of the solid buoyancy material to be tested;
(D) obtaining the volume change of the solid buoyancy material according to the water absorption volume of the solid buoyancy material to be detected and the water compression ratio, combining the reference curve and the curve of the sample to be detected, and obtaining the bulk modulus of elasticity according to a formula
Calculating to obtain the buoyancy loss of the solid buoyancy material to be detected;
wherein E represents the volume elastic modulus, and delta V is the volume change of the solid buoyancy material before and after the test; v is the initial volume of the solid buoyancy material, and delta P is the pressure difference, namely the maximum test pressure minus the initial pressure 0.
According to an embodiment of the invention, in step (A) (ii), the time for pre-charging the test medium is 10-30min, for example 15-20 min. For example, the temperature of the test medium can be adjusted as desired, for example, from 15 to 40 deg.C, and, for example, from 25 to 30 deg.C.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the step (A) (ii), when the testing medium is pre-filled, the gas medium stop valve, the pre-filled testing medium stop valve and the pre-filled testing medium exhaust valve are opened, the gas-driven booster pump is opened, the testing medium in the constant-temperature circulating testing medium box flows through the gas-driven booster pump, flows through the high-pressure booster cylinder, enters the testing bin, returns to the constant-temperature circulating water box through the pre-filled testing medium exhaust valve, lasts for 10-30min, and the temperatures of the standard sample, the high-pressure booster cylinder and the testing bin are all adjusted to be the same as the temperature of the testing medium; and after the test medium is pre-filled, the gas-driven booster pump is closed, and the gas medium stop valve, the pre-filling test medium stop valve and the pre-filling test medium exhaust valve are closed.
According to an embodiment of the invention, in step (a) (iii), the dwell time is 5-30min, such as 10-20 min.
According to an embodiment of the invention, in step (a) (iii), the maximum pressure does not exceed 200 MPa. Preferably, the pressure relief may be gradual.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the maximum thrust of the servo cylinder is in the range of 100KN-200KN, e.g. 120KN-180 KN. Wherein the stroke range of the servo electric cylinder can be 100mm-500mm, such as 200mm-400 mm. Wherein the speed range of the servo electric cylinder is 0.1mm/min-10mm/min, such as 1mm/min-5 mm/min. For example, the propulsion speed of the servo electric cylinder is the same as or different from the return speed, preferably the same, such as 2 mm/min.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the stroke of the high pressure booster cylinder is greater than or equal to the stroke of the servo electric cylinder, and the stroke of the high pressure booster cylinder may range from 100mm to 600mm, such as from 200mm to 500 mm. The cylinder diameter range of the high-pressure booster cylinder is 10mm-100mm, such as 30mm-80 mm; the smaller the cylinder diameter, the higher the test accuracy. The maximum design pressure range of the high-pressure booster cylinder is 100MPa-300MPa, such as 150MPa-250MPa, and is selected according to the test requirement.
In the present invention, the test medium may be water or saline, preferably water. The gaseous medium may be air, nitrogen, or the like, preferably air.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the measuring method comprises the steps of:
(1) loading a standard sample: placing the test tool into a test cylinder, placing the standard sample into the test tool, covering a test cylinder cover, fastening by using bolts, and sealing the test bin;
(2) pre-charging a test bin with water: opening a constant-temperature circulating water tank, setting the water temperature to be T, and preheating; pre-filling water for a test chamber through a control end, setting pre-filling time, opening an air stop valve, a pre-filling water stop valve and a pre-filling water exhaust valve, opening an air-driven booster pump, enabling water in a constant-temperature circulating water tank to flow through a high-pressure booster cylinder and enter the test chamber through the air-driven booster pump, and then returning the water to the constant-temperature circulating water tank through a pre-filling water exhaust valve, and adjusting the temperatures of circulating water, a standard sample, the high-pressure booster cylinder and the test chamber to be T within the pre-filling time; after the pre-charging is finished, the air-driven booster pump is closed, and the air stop valve, the pre-charging water stop valve and the pre-charging water exhaust valve are closed;
(3) and (3) testing a reference curve: setting the propelling speed, the return speed and the maximum pressure of the servo electric cylinder, and pushing water into the test bin through the servo electric cylinder for pressurization;
in the test process, a control end (such as computer software) can draw a two-dimensional image in real time (the ordinate is the pressure of a test bin, and the abscissa is the volume of water pushed into the test bin by a servo electric cylinder;
when the maximum pressure is reached, the pressure is maintained, and then the servo electric cylinder returns to release the pressure according to the set return speed until the pressure is 0; obtaining a volume change curve of the standard sample pressed into water in a range of 0-maximum pressure intensity, namely a reference curve;
(4) replacing a solid buoyancy material sample: opening the testing cylinder cover, taking out the standard sample, weighing the solid buoyancy material to be tested, and recording the weight as m1Then put into a test chamber, covered with a test cylinder cover,fastening with bolts, and sealing the test chamber;
(5) and (3) testing the buoyancy material: repeating the steps (2) and (3) to obtain a volume change curve of the water pressed in the test bin of the solid buoyancy material to be tested, which is filled with the buoyancy material in the range of 0-maximum pressure intensity, namely a measurement curve;
(6) measuring the water absorption volume of the buoyancy material: taking out the solid buoyancy material to be measured, weighing, and recording as m2Through m1、m2And the density rho of water, and calculating the water absorption volume of the solid buoyancy material to be measured;
(7) calculation of bulk modulus: after the test is finished, calculating the bulk modulus of the solid buoyancy material within the range of 0-maximum pressure intensity through the reference curve and the measurement curve; the method for calculating the bulk elastic modulus of the solid buoyancy material to be measured comprises the following steps:
the compression ratio of the solid buoyancy material to be measured is as follows:
compression ratio of water:
the volume of the water pressed into the test bin by the solid buoyancy material sample to be tested is more than that of the standard sample: Δ V2＝ΔV1-ΔV0；
The water absorption volume of the solid buoyancy material to be detected is as follows:
volume change of the solid buoyancy material to be measured:
bulk modulus of elasticity:
wherein, the delta V is the volume change of the solid buoyancy material to be tested before and after the test; v is standMeasuring the initial volume of the solid buoyancy material; k is the compression ratio of the solid buoyancy material to be measured; alpha is the compression ratio of water under the maximum test pressure; v0When the standard sample is filled in the test bin, the total volume of the pre-filled water in the test bin (the total volume of the pre-filled water is the volume of the test bin + the volume of the pipeline and the valve inner cavity-the volume of the test tool and the volume of the standard sample); Δ V0The volume of water pushed into the test chamber is determined when the standard sample is filled in the test chamber under the maximum test pressure; Δ V1The volume of water pushed into the test chamber is determined when the solid buoyancy material sample to be tested is filled in the test chamber under the maximum test pressure; Δ V2Under the maximum testing pressure, the volume of water pushed in is larger when the buoyancy material sample to be tested is filled in the testing bin than when a standard sample is filled in the testing bin; Δ VwThe volume of water sucked by a solid buoyancy material sample to be tested under the maximum test pressure is determined; m is1The mass of the solid buoyancy material to be tested before testing; m is2The mass of the solid buoyancy material to be tested is measured; rho is the density of water at a certain temperature; Δ P is the pressure difference, i.e., the maximum test pressure minus the initial pressure of 0.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the solid buoyancy material may be a solid buoyancy material prepared by mixing and thermally curing hollow glass beads and a polymer.
The effective fruit of the present invention
Compared with the solid buoyancy material bulk modulus measuring device in the prior art, the measuring device used in the method has the advantages of high measuring pressure, high measuring precision and the like; compared with the method for measuring the bulk modulus of the solid buoyancy material in the prior art, the method provided by the invention considers the compression ratio of water on the basis of the prior art, so that the measurement of the volume change of the solid buoyancy material under the test pressure is more accurate. The method is characterized by comprising the following three aspects:
1. compared with the maximum pressure of 70MPa in the prior art, the measuring device used by the invention has the testing pressure of 200MPa, and meets the requirement of testing the bulk elastic modulus of the full-sea-depth solid buoyancy material.
2. Compared with the prior art, the measuring device used by the invention has the advantages that the testing tool is introduced into the device, on one hand, the standard sample and the test sample can be fixed, on the other hand, the device can occupy the volume in the test bin, the addition of pre-filled water is reduced, the measurement of the shrinkage volume of the solid buoyancy material under certain pressure is more accurate, and the measurement result of the bulk modulus and the elasticity modulus of the solid buoyancy material is accurate and reliable.
3. Compared with the measurement method in the prior art, the method provided by the invention considers the compression ratio of water on the basis of the prior art, so that the volume change measurement of the solid buoyancy material under the test pressure is more accurate, and the measurement result of the bulk modulus of the solid buoyancy material is accurate and reliable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for measuring the elastic modulus of a solid buoyancy material in example 1.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the test chamber of FIG. 1.
Reference numerals: 1. the device comprises a test bin, 2. a pre-charging exhaust valve, 3. a constant-temperature circulating water tank, 4. an air inlet, 5. a filter, 6. an air stop valve, 7. an air-driven booster pump, 8. a pre-charging stop valve, 9. a pressure sensor, 10. a servo electric cylinder, 11. a high-pressure booster cylinder, 12. a pressure relief valve, 13. a test cylinder, 14. a test cylinder cover, 15. a test tool, 16. a standard sample/buoyancy material sample to be tested, and 17. a test medium inlet.
FIG. 3 is the test results of the reference curve and the measurement curve in example 2; where 1 represents the reference curve and 2 represents the measurement curve.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the following examples are only illustrative and explanatory of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All the technologies realized based on the above-mentioned contents of the present invention are covered in the protection scope of the present invention.
Unless otherwise indicated, the raw materials and reagents used in the following examples are all commercially available products or can be prepared by known methods.
Example 1
The bulk modulus of elasticity measuring device of the solid buoyancy material shown in figure 1 comprises: the device comprises a test bin 1, a pre-charging system, a pressurizing system and a measurement control system, wherein one end of the pre-charging system is connected with the inlet end of the test bin through the pressurizing system, and the other end of the pre-charging system is connected with the outlet end of the test bin; and the measurement control system is respectively connected with the pre-charging system and the pressurization system.
As shown in fig. 2, the test chamber 1 includes a test cylinder 13, a test cylinder cover 14 and a test fixture 15, wherein the test fixture 15 is disposed in the test cylinder 13 and used for loading and fixing a standard sample/buoyancy material sample 16 to be tested; the testing cylinder cover 14 is used for being matched with the testing cylinder 13 to form a closed testing bin.
The test chamber 1 can bear the hydrostatic pressure of 200 MPa.
The test cylinder 13 is stainless steel, and for having the cylinder that holds the chamber, it is used for holding test fixture 15 to hold the chamber. The bottom of the test cylinder 13 is provided with a first opening, which is connected to the high pressure booster cylinder 11 and is a test medium (water) inlet 17.
The test cylinder 13 has an inner diameter of 180mm and an outer diameter of 280 mm.
The center of the test cylinder cover 14 is provided with a third opening which is connected with the pre-charging system and is used for discharging air in the test chamber 1 and returning the test medium to the pre-charging system during pre-charging.
The test fixture 15 is externally cylindrical, is adaptive to the accommodating cavity, is internally provided with a cube groove, and can accommodate a standard sample/buoyancy material sample 16 to be tested in the cube groove.
The outer diameter of the test tool 15 is 178mm, which is 2mm smaller than the inner diameter of the test cylinder 13, so that the test tool 15 can be conveniently installed in the test bin 1, and the gap between the test cylinder 13 and the test tool 15 can be conveniently filled with pre-filled water.
The size of the inner groove of the testing tool 15 is 2mm larger than that of the standard sample/buoyancy material to be tested 16, so that the standard sample/buoyancy material to be tested 16 can be conveniently arranged in the testing tool 15, and the gap between the testing tool 15 and the standard sample 16 or the buoyancy material to be tested 16 can be conveniently filled with pre-filled water.
The bottom of test fixture 15 sets up the second trompil, second trompil and first trompil intercommunication. And the second opening is connected with the pressurization system to provide an inlet for the test medium.
The testing tool 15 is used for fixing the position of the standard sample/buoyancy material 16 to be tested and reducing the addition of pre-filled water as much as possible, so that the measuring result is accurate.
The material of the standard sample 16 is stainless steel.
The standard sample 16 is the same size as the buoyant material sample 16 to be tested.
The standard sample 16 is a cube with sides of 100 mm.
Wherein, the pre-charging system comprises a pre-charging water exhaust valve 2, a constant temperature circulating water tank 3, an air inlet 4, a filter 5, an air stop valve 6, an air-driven booster pump 7 and a pre-charging water stop valve 8. One end of the pre-filling exhaust valve 2 is connected with the testing cylinder cover 14, and the other end is connected with the constant-temperature circulating water tank 3; the air inlet 4, the filter 5, the air stop valve 6, the air-driven booster pump 7 and the pre-charging water stop valve 8 are sequentially arranged on a connecting pipeline of the pre-charging system and the boosting system; the constant temperature circulating water tank 3 is connected with the gas-drive booster pump 7, and the other end of the gas-drive booster pump 7 is connected with the boosting system.
The function of the pre-filled water exhaust valve 2 is to exhaust the test chamber 1 during pre-filling, and pre-filled test media can be returned to the constant temperature circulation test media tank through the exhaust valve.
The volume of the constant temperature circulation water tank 3 is 10L.
The gas-driven booster pump 7 can utilize the pressure of a gas medium (air) to press the water of the constant-temperature circulating water tank 3 into the high-pressure booster bin 11 through a pipeline and then to the test bin 1 to pre-fill the test bin 1 with water.
The pre-filling water stop valve 8 is opened when water is pre-filled and closed before pressurization. One end of the pre-filling exhaust valve 8 is connected with the testing cylinder cover 14, and the other end is connected with the constant-temperature circulating water tank 3.
The air inlet 4 is fed with air.
The filter 5 filters the introduced air impurities. An air stop valve 6 is arranged between the filter 5 and the air-driven booster pump 7. The air stop valve 6 can block the air from flowing in when being closed.
The constant temperature circulating water tank 3 mainly functions to provide a constant temperature water source for the pre-filled water and the pressurized water, so that the pre-filled water and the pressurized water are in a constant temperature environment, and the constant temperature water can enable a measurement result to be accurate because the density of the water is related to the temperature of the water.
The pressurization system comprises a servo electric cylinder 10, a high-pressure pressurization cylinder 11 and a pressure relief valve 12. One end of the high-pressure booster cylinder 11 is connected with the test bin 1, the other end of the high-pressure booster cylinder is connected with the servo electric cylinder 10, and the servo electric cylinder 10 boosts the high-pressure booster cylinder 11 and the test bin 1; the servo electric cylinder 10 pressurizes the high-pressure pressurizing bin 11 and the test bin 1 through thrust.
The maximum thrust of the servo cylinder 10 is 200 KN.
The stroke of the servo cylinder 10 is 300 mm.
The advancing speed of the servo electric cylinder 10 is 2 mm/min.
The high-pressure booster cylinder mainly functions to provide a high-pressure environment for the test through the thrust of the servo electric cylinder 10.
The stroke of the high-pressure booster cylinder 11 is 400 mm.
The cylinder diameter of the high-pressure booster cylinder 11 is 30 mm.
The design pressure of the high-pressure booster cylinder 11 is 240 MPa.
The pressure cylinder 11 is connected with the gas-driven pressure pump 7, a pre-filling water stop valve 8 and a pressure sensor 9 are arranged between the pressure cylinder 11 and the gas-driven pressure pump, and the pressure sensor 9 is close to the high-pressure cylinder 11.
The water in the constant-temperature circulating water tank flows through the device by the following paths: the constant temperature circulating water tank 3 → the air-driven booster pump 7 → the high pressure booster cylinder 11 → the test chamber 1 → the constant temperature circulating water tank 3.
Wherein, measure the control system and include: control terminal-computer (not shown in the figure) for controlling the pre-charging of water and the pressurisation of water. The control end is respectively connected with the pre-charging water exhaust valve 2, the air stop valve 6, the air-driven booster pump 7, the pre-charging water stop valve 8, the pressure sensor 9 and the servo electric cylinder 10 and is controlled by a control program-computer software.
The pressure sensor 9 records the pressure intensity of the test bin 1 in real time and records the pressure intensity on the ordinate of the computer software.
The servo electric cylinder 10 sets a propelling speed and a return speed through computer software, controls the test bin 1 to be pressurized through the propelling speed, and controls the test bin 1 to be depressurized through the return speed.
The servo electric cylinder 10 records the stroke, and the positioning precision is 0.01 mm.
The volume of water pushed into the test chamber 1 by the servo electric cylinder 10 is equal to the stroke of the servo electric cylinder 10 × pi × the square of the radius of the high-pressure pressurizing cylinder 11.
The volume of water that the servo cylinder 10 pushes into the test chamber 1 is recorded on the abscissa of the computer software.
The abscissa of the two-dimensional image displayed in the computer software is the volume of water pushed into the test bin 1 by the servo electric cylinder 10, and the ordinate is the pressure in the test bin 1.
Example 2 method for measuring bulk modulus of solid buoyancy material
The measurement method for measuring the bulk modulus of the solid buoyancy material at the water temperature of 25 ℃ in the range of 0-115MPa by using the measurement device provided in the embodiment 1 is as follows:
(1) loading a standard sample: and (3) putting the test tool 15 into the test cylinder 13, putting the standard sample into the test tool 15, covering the test cylinder cover 14, fastening by using bolts, and sealing the test bin 1.
(2) Pre-charging a test bin with water: and opening the constant-temperature circulating water tank 3, setting the water temperature to be 25 ℃, and preheating for 30 min. Through the pre-water-filling function of computer software, the control device pre-fills water for the test bin 1, and the pre-water-filling time is 15 min. And (3) opening an air stop valve 6, a pre-filling water stop valve 8 and a pre-filling water exhaust valve 2, opening an air-driven booster pump 7, enabling water in the constant-temperature circulating water tank 3 to flow through the air-driven booster pump 7, enter the test chamber 1 through a high-pressure booster cylinder 11, and then return to the constant-temperature circulating water tank 3 through the pre-filling water exhaust valve 2 for 15min, and adjusting the temperatures of circulating water, the standard sample, the high-pressure booster cylinder 11 and the test chamber 1 to 25 ℃. After the pre-charging of water is completed, the air driving booster pump 7 is closed, and the air stop valve 6, the pre-charging water stop valve 8 and the pre-charging water exhaust valve 2 are closed.
(3) And (3) testing a reference curve: the propulsion speed of the servo electric cylinder 10 is set to be 2mm/min and the return speed is set to be 2mm/min through computer software, the maximum pressure is set to be 115MPa, and water is pushed into the test bin 1 through the servo electric cylinder 10 for pressurization.
In the testing process, the computer software can draw a two-dimensional image in real time (the ordinate is the pressure of the testing bin 1, and the abscissa is the volume of the water pushed into the testing bin 1 by the servo electric cylinder 10), wherein the pressure data is provided by the pressure sensor 9, and the volume of the water pushed into the testing bin 1 by the servo electric cylinder 10 is equal to the square of the stroke of the servo electric cylinder 10 × pi × the radius of the high-pressure pressurizing cylinder 11. When the maximum pressure is reached and the pressure is kept for 10min, the servo electric cylinder 10 returns according to the set return speed and can gradually release the pressure until the pressure is 0. Through the steps, the volume change curve of the water which is respectively pressed into the test bin 1 by the standard sample in the pressure range of 0-115MPa can be obtained, and the volume change curve is the reference curve.
(4) Replacing a solid buoyancy material sample: weighing the solid buoyancy material 16 to be measured, and recording as m1And opening the testing cylinder cover 14, taking out the standard sample, putting the solid buoyancy material to be tested into the testing bin 1, covering the testing cylinder cover 14, fastening by using bolts, and sealing the testing bin 1.
(5) And (3) testing the buoyancy material: and (4) repeating the steps (2) to (3) to obtain a volume change curve of the solid buoyancy material pressed into the test bin 1 in the pressure range of 0-115MPa, namely a measurement curve. For ease of comparison, both curves may be displayed in the same image (fig. 3).
(6) Measuring the water absorption volume of the buoyancy material: taking out the solid buoyancy material 16 to be measured, weighing and recording as m2Through m1、m2And the density rho of water, and calculating the water absorption volume delta V of the buoyancy materialw。
(7) Calculation of bulk modulus: after the test is finished, two curves are obtained, which are respectively: the volume change curve of the pressed water when the standard sample 16 is filled in the test chamber 1 within the range of 0-115MPa, and the volume change curve of the pressed water when the solid buoyancy material sample 16 is filled in the test chamber 1 within the range of 0-115 MPa. Calculating the bulk modulus of the solid buoyancy material at 0-115MPa according to the two curves;
the method for calculating the bulk elastic modulus of the solid buoyancy material to be measured comprises the following steps:
the compression ratio of the solid buoyancy material to be measured is as follows:
compression ratio of water:
the volume of the water pressed into the test bin by the solid buoyancy material sample to be tested is more than that of the standard sample: Δ V2＝ΔV1-ΔV0；
The water absorption volume of the solid buoyancy material to be detected is as follows:
volume change of the solid buoyancy material to be measured:
bulk modulus of elasticity:
wherein, the delta V is the volume change of the solid buoyancy material to be tested before and after the test; v is the initial volume of the solid buoyancy material to be measured; k is the compression ratio of the solid buoyancy material to be measured; alpha is the compression ratio of water under the maximum test pressure; v0When the standard sample is filled in the test bin, the total volume of the pre-filled water in the test bin (the total volume of the pre-filled water is the volume of the test bin + the volume of the pipeline and the valve inner cavity-the volume of the test tool and the volume of the standard sample); Δ V0The volume of water pushed into the test chamber is determined when the standard sample is filled in the test chamber under the maximum test pressure; Δ V1For loading in a test chamber under maximum test pressureWhen a solid buoyancy material sample to be tested exists, pushing the solid buoyancy material sample into the test bin; Δ V2Under the maximum testing pressure, the volume of water pushed in is larger when the buoyancy material sample to be tested is filled in the testing bin than when a standard sample is filled in the testing bin; Δ VwThe volume of water sucked by a solid buoyancy material sample to be tested under the maximum test pressure is determined; m is1The mass of the solid buoyancy material to be tested before testing; m is2The mass of the solid buoyancy material to be tested is measured; rho is the density of water at a certain temperature; Δ P is the pressure difference, i.e., the maximum test pressure minus the initial pressure of 0.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for measuring the bulk modulus of elasticity of a solid buoyancy material is characterized by adopting a measuring device, wherein the device comprises: the device comprises a test bin, a pre-charging system, a pressurization system and a measurement control system;
one end of the pre-charging system is connected with one end of the test bin through a pressurization system, and the other end of the pre-charging system is connected with the other end of the test bin;
and the measurement control system is respectively connected with the pre-charging system and the pressurization system.
2. The measurement method of claim 1, wherein the priming system includes a test media that enters and fills the test chamber through a pressurization system.
Preferably, the pressurization system is used for conveying the test medium into the test bin, so that the test bin is pressurized.
Preferably, the test medium is water.
Preferably, the test chamber is filled with a standard sample or a buoyancy material sample to be tested.
3. The measuring method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the test chamber comprises a test cylinder, a test cylinder cover and a test tool, and the test tool is arranged in the test cylinder and used for loading and fixing a standard sample or a buoyancy material sample to be tested; the testing cylinder cover is used for being matched with the testing cylinder to form a closed testing bin.
Preferably, the test chamber can bear the hydrostatic pressure of 100MPa-200 MPa.
Preferably, the material of the test cylinder is stainless steel.
Preferably, the testing cylinder is in the shape of a cylinder with a containing cavity, the containing cavity is used for containing the testing tool, and the testing cylinder is preferably in the shape of a cylinder.
Preferably, the bottom of the test cylinder is provided with a first opening, and the first opening is connected with the pressurization system to provide an inlet for a test medium.
Preferably, a third opening is formed in the testing cylinder cover and is connected with a pre-charging system; preferably, the appearance and the chamber adaptation that holds of test fixture.
Preferably, the test tool is provided with a groove for accommodating a standard sample or a buoyancy material sample to be tested.
Preferably, the bottom of the test tool is provided with a second opening, the second opening is communicated with the first opening, and the second opening is connected with the pressurization system to provide an inlet for a test medium.
Preferably, the shapes of the standard sample and the buoyancy material sample to be tested are the same as the shape of the groove of the testing tool.
4. A method of measurement according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pre-fill system comprises a thermostatically-cycled test media tank, a gas-driven booster pump.
Preferably, one end of the gas-drive booster pump is connected with the constant-temperature circulation test medium box, and the other end of the gas-drive booster pump is connected with a boosting system.
Preferably, the pre-charging system further comprises a pre-charging water exhaust valve, a gas medium inlet, a filter, a gas medium stop valve, and a pre-charging water medium stop valve.
Preferably, the other end of the gas-driven booster pump is communicated with the gas medium inlet, and a filter and a gas medium stop valve are arranged between the gas medium inlet and the gas-driven booster pump. Preferably, the gas medium stop valve is arranged between the filter and the gas-driven booster pump and used for controlling the introduction of the gas medium.
Preferably, the other end of the gas-driven booster pump is connected with a boosting system, and a pre-charging test medium stop valve is arranged between the other end of the gas-driven booster pump and the boosting system.
Preferably, a pre-charging test medium exhaust valve is arranged between the constant-temperature circulation test medium box and the test bin, one end of the pre-charging test medium exhaust valve is connected with the test cylinder cover, and the other end of the pre-charging test medium exhaust valve is connected with the constant-temperature circulation test medium box.
5. The measuring method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pressurization system comprises a servo electric cylinder, a high-pressure pressurization cylinder; one end of the high-pressure booster cylinder is connected with the test bin, the other end of the high-pressure booster cylinder is connected with the pre-charging system, the other end of the high-pressure booster cylinder is connected with the servo electric cylinder, and the servo electric cylinder is used for boosting the high-pressure booster cylinder and the test bin; preferably, the servo electric cylinder pressurizes the high-pressure pressurizing cylinder and the test bin through thrust.
Preferably, the high-pressure booster cylinder is connected with the air-driven booster pump, and a pre-charging test medium stop valve and a pressure sensor are arranged between the high-pressure booster cylinder and the air-driven booster pump. Preferably, the pressure sensor is located proximate to the high pressure booster cylinder.
Preferably, the pressurization system further comprises a pressure relief valve, and the pressure relief valve is arranged between the constant-temperature test medium tank and the high-pressure pressurization cylinder. Preferably, one end of the pressure relief valve is arranged between the pre-charging test medium stop valve and the pressure sensor, and the other end of the pressure relief valve is connected with the constant-temperature circulation test medium box.
Preferably, the test bin, the high-pressure booster cylinder and the pipeline connected with the high-pressure booster cylinder are wrapped with heat-insulating cotton.
6. Measuring method according to any of claims 1-5, characterized in that the measuring control system comprises a control terminal for controlling the pre-charging of the test medium and the pressurizing of the test medium.
Preferably, the control end is connected with a pre-charging test medium exhaust valve, a gas medium stop valve, a gas-driven booster pump, a pre-charging test medium stop valve, a pressure sensor and a servo electric cylinder respectively.
Preferably, the control end comprises a control program, and the braking of each part is controlled through the control program.
7. The measuring method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the steps of:
(A) and (3) testing a reference curve:
(i) loading a standard sample: putting the standard sample into a test bin, and sealing the test bin;
(ii) the test chamber is pre-filled with test media: filling the test bin with a test medium, so that the temperature of the standard sample, the high-pressure booster cylinder and the test bin is the same as the temperature of the test medium;
(iii) and (3) testing a reference curve: pushing a test medium into a high-pressure pressurizing cylinder and a test bin through a servo electric cylinder for pressurizing, maintaining the pressure after the maximum pressure is reached, and then releasing the pressure until the pressure is 0 to obtain a volume change curve of a standard sample pressed into the test medium in a test pressure range, wherein the volume change curve is used as a reference curve;
the volume of water pushed into the test bin by the servo electric cylinder is equal to the square of the stroke of the servo electric cylinder multiplied by pi multiplied by the radius of the high-pressure booster cylinder;
(B) testing the solid buoyancy material to be tested: taking out the standard sample, weighing the solid buoyancy material to be measured, and recording as m1Putting the test sample into a test bin, and sealing the test bin;
repeating the steps (A) (ii), (A) (iii) to obtain a volume change curve of the solid buoyancy material to be tested pressed into the test medium in the test pressure range, and taking the volume change curve as a sample curve to be tested;
(C) measuring the water absorption volume of the buoyancy material: taking out the solid buoyancy material to be measured, weighing, and recording as m2Through m1、m2And the density rho of the test medium, and calculating to obtain the water absorption volume of the solid buoyancy material to be tested;
(D) obtaining the volume change of the solid buoyancy material according to the water absorption volume of the solid buoyancy material to be detected and the water compression ratio, combining the reference curve and the curve of the sample to be detected, and obtaining the bulk modulus of elasticity according to a formula
Calculating to obtain the buoyancy loss of the solid buoyancy material to be detected;
wherein E represents the volume elastic modulus, and delta V is the volume change of the solid buoyancy material before and after the test; v is the initial volume of the solid buoyancy material; Δ P is the pressure difference, i.e., the test maximum test pressure minus the initial pressure of 0.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein in step (A) (ii), the time for pre-charging the test media is 10-30 min; preferably, the temperature of the test medium is 15-40 ℃.
Preferably, in the step (a) (ii), when the test medium is precharged, the gas medium stop valve, the precharge test medium stop valve and the precharge test medium exhaust valve are opened, the gas-driven booster pump is opened, the test medium in the constant-temperature circulation test medium tank flows through the gas-driven booster pump, flows through the high-pressure booster cylinder, enters the test bin, returns to the constant-temperature circulation water tank through the precharge test medium exhaust valve, lasts for 10-30min, and the temperatures of the standard sample, the high-pressure booster cylinder and the test bin are all adjusted to the same temperature as the test medium; and after the test medium is pre-filled, the gas-driven booster pump is closed, and the gas medium stop valve, the pre-filling test medium stop valve and the pre-filling test medium exhaust valve are closed.
Preferably, in step (a) (iii), the dwell time is from 5 to 30 min.
Preferably, in step (a) (iii), the maximum test pressure does not exceed 120 MPa.
9. Method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the maximum thrust of the servo cylinder is in the range of 100-200 KN;
preferably, the stroke range of the servo electric cylinder is 100mm-500 mm;
preferably, the speed range of the servo electric cylinder is 0.1mm/min-10 mm/min;
preferably, the propulsion speed of the servo electric cylinder is the same as or different from the return speed.
10. The method according to any one of claims 7-9, wherein the stroke of the high-pressure booster cylinder is greater than or equal to the stroke of the servo electric cylinder;
preferably, the cylinder diameter range of the high-pressure booster cylinder is 10mm-100 mm;
preferably, the maximum design pressure range of the high-pressure booster cylinder is 100MPa-300 MPa.
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