CN113685536A - 无级变速器液压控制装置 - Google Patents

无级变速器液压控制装置 Download PDF

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CN113685536A
CN113685536A CN202011163010.9A CN202011163010A CN113685536A CN 113685536 A CN113685536 A CN 113685536A CN 202011163010 A CN202011163010 A CN 202011163010A CN 113685536 A CN113685536 A CN 113685536A
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friction element
oil
switching valve
valve
continuously variable
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金暎浚
金炫锡
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Motors Corp
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    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/38—Control of exclusively fluid gearing
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    • F16H61/0003—Arrangement or mounting of elements of the control apparatus, e.g. valve assemblies or snapfittings of valves; Arrangements of the control unit on or in the transmission gearbox
    • F16H61/0009—Hydraulic control units for transmission control, e.g. assembly of valve plates or valve units
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    • F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
    • F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
    • F16H61/0204—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
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    • F15B11/00—Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
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    • F15B13/00—Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02—Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
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    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D16/00—Control of fluid pressure
    • G05D16/20—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D16/2006—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means
    • G05D16/2013—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means using throttling means as controlling means
    • G05D16/2022—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means using throttling means as controlling means actuated by a proportional solenoid
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
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Abstract

本发明涉及无级变速器液压控制装置。具体地，无级变速器(CVT)液压控制装置包括：压力调节阀和切换阀，所述压力调节阀调节供应至前向‑后向装置的摩擦元件的油的操作压力；所述切换阀分别通过来自压力调节阀的先导压力和复位弹簧的弹力来分别切换排出供应至摩擦元件的油所经由的排油路径。具体地，由切换阀所切换的排油路径具有彼此不同的油流动阻力。

Description

无级变速器液压控制装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种无级变速器(continuous variable transmission，CVT)液压控制装置，更具体地，本发明涉及通过液压来切换无级变速器(CVT)的前向和后向移动状态的技术。
背景技术
本部分中的陈述仅提供与本发明相关的背景信息，并不构成现有技术。
使用传动带的无级变速器(CVT)作为变速器可以通过改变驱动带轮与从动带轮之间的轮比而连续地改变传动比，并且使用诸如离合器或制动器的摩擦元件，通过设置为控制连接至驱动带轮或从动带轮的前向-后向装置的旋转元件的液压，在前向移动状态和后向移动状态之间切换。
可以假设前向摩擦元件表示能够使前向-后向装置实现CVT的前向移动状态的摩擦元件，后向摩擦元件表示能够使前向-后向装置实现CVT的后向移动状态的摩擦元件。在此，如果提供有液压，则CVT可以通过供应至前向摩擦元件或后向摩擦元件的液压而处于前向移动状态(D挡)或后向移动状态(R挡)。然后，当CVT切换至空(N)挡时，需要以适当的速度从供应有液压的前向摩擦元件或后向摩擦元件释放液压。
如果释放液压的速度过快，则可能突然释放传递至驱动车轮的扭矩，从而对车辆造成诸如卡顿的冲击；而如果速度过慢，则车辆即使在N挡也可能会移动。
该现象可能受到油粘度变化的极大影响，油粘度基于供应至前向摩擦元件或后向摩擦元件的油的温度。
被描述为现有技术的内容仅被提供用于帮助理解本发明的背景而不应认为是对应于本领域技术人员已知的现有技术。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种无级变速器(CVT)液压控制装置，从而在CVT切换至空(N)挡时，通过使供应至CVT的前向摩擦元件或后向摩擦元件的液压以适当的速度释放，而不管基于温度的油粘度的变化如何，防止车辆不必要的移动或冲击。
根据本发明的一种实施方案，一种无级变速器(CVT)液压控制装置包括：压力调节阀和切换阀，所述压力调节阀调节供应至前向-后向装置的摩擦元件的油的操作压力；所述切换阀配置为通过来自压力调节阀的先导压力和复位弹簧的弹力来分别切换排出供应至摩擦元件的油所经由的排油路径。具体地，由切换阀所切换的排油路径配置为具有彼此不同的油流动阻力。
压力调节阀可以是电磁阀；控制压力调节阀的控制器可以配置为基于油的温度来调节供应至切换阀的先导压力。
切换阀可以包括：第一端口、第二端口和第三端口，来自压力调节阀的操作压力供应至所述第一端口；所述第二端口连接至摩擦元件；从摩擦元件排出的油通过所述第三端口排出。在一种实施方案中，切换阀可以配置为在第一状态与第二状态之间切换，在所述第一状态下第二端口和第三端口彼此连通，在所述第二状态下第一端口和第二端口彼此连通。
在一种实施方案中，复位弹簧配置为使切换阀处于第一状态，当通过来自压力调节阀的先导压力克服复位弹簧的弹力时，将切换阀切换至第二状态。
控制器可以配置为当油温为预定参考温度或以上时，控制压力调节阀，以使先导压力将切换阀切换至第二状态。
当切换阀处于第一状态时所形成的排油路径可以比当切换阀处于第二状态时所形成的排油路径具有更小的油流动阻力。
切换阀可以安装在手动阀与摩擦元件之间，以通过由变速器操纵杆操作的手动阀将来自压力调节阀的操作压力供应至摩擦元件。
切换阀可以连接至手动阀，以通过由变速器操纵杆操作的手动阀来接收从摩擦元件排出的油，然后排出所接收的油。
前向-后向装置的摩擦元件可以配置为包括实现前向移动状态的前向摩擦元件以及实现后向移动状态的后向摩擦元件；至少一个切换阀可以包括在前向摩擦元件和后向摩擦元件的至少一个中，以切换排油路径。
根据本文提供的描述，进一步的适用领域将变得明显。应当理解，本说明书和具体示例仅旨在用于说明的目的，而并不旨在限制本发明的范围。
附图说明
为了可以很好地理解本发明，现在将参考所附附图通过给出示例的方式来描述其不同的实施方案，在附图中：
图1是显示了本发明的一种实施方案的无级变速器(CVT)液压控制装置的第一实施方案的示意图，显示了实施倒车(R)挡的状态；
图2是描述在高温条件下图1的实施方案切换至空(N)挡，从而从后向摩擦元件排出油的示意图；
图3是描述在低温条件下图1的实施方案切换至空(N)挡，从而从后向摩擦元件排出油的示意图；
图4是显示了根据本发明的另一种实施方案的无级变速器(CVT)液压控制装置的第二实施方案的示意图；
图5是显示了根据本发明的一种实施方案的无级变速器(CVT)液压控制装置的第三实施方案的示意图；
图6是描述可以应用于本发明的无级变速器(CVT)的示例的示意图。
本文所描述的附图只是用于说明的目的，并不旨在以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
具体实施方式
以下说明在本质上仅仅是示例性的，并不旨在限制本发明、应用或用途。应当理解的是，在所有附图中，相应的附图标记表示相同或相应的部件和特征。
在下文中，参照附图对根据本发明的示例性实施方案的无级变速器(CVT)液压控制装置进行描述。
图6显示了可以应用于本发明的无级变速器(CVT)的结构。该结构可以以如下方式配置：当通过变矩器(torque converter，TC)从诸如发动机的动力源输入动力时，该动力可以通过包括行星齿轮装置(PG)的前向-后向装置1传递至驱动带轮3；传递至驱动带轮3的动力可以通过传动带5传递至从动带轮7；然后可以通过差速器9将动力传输至驱动车轮。
前向-后向装置1可以包括能够固定行星齿轮装置(PG)的齿圈(R)的后向摩擦元件(R_FE)以及能够将太阳轮(S)与行星架(C)进行连接的前向摩擦元件(F_FE)。
参考图1至图5，本发明的所有实施方案可以配置为共同包括：压力调节阀11和切换阀(TV)，所述压力调节阀11调节供应至前向-后向装置1的摩擦元件(FE)的油的操作压力；所述切换阀(TV)安装为分别通过来自压力调节阀11的先导压力和复位弹簧13的弹力来切换排出供应至摩擦元件(FE)的油所经由的路径。
在此，由切换阀(TV)所切换的排油路径可以配置为具有彼此不同的油流动阻力。
也就是说，在本发明中，当CVT切换至空(N)挡从而排出油时，在释放供应至前向-后向装置1的摩擦元件并用于分别在前进(D)挡和倒车(R)挡实现前向移动状态和后向移动状态的液压的情况下，可以利用切换阀(TV)通过具有彼此不同的流动阻力的路径中的一个来排出油。以这种方式，可以适当地调节从摩擦元件释放液压的速度，在所述摩擦元件中通过油粘度等的变化来改变速度，从而防止车辆的不必要的移动或冲击。
如上所述，前向-后向装置1可以包括：行星齿轮装置(PG)和摩擦元件(FE)，所述行星齿轮装置(PG)连接至配置常规CVT的驱动带轮3或从动带轮；诸如制动器或离合器的所述摩擦元件(FE)限制或连接该行星齿轮(PG)的旋转元件。
摩擦元件(FE)可以配置为：前向摩擦元件(F_FE)和后向摩擦元件(R_FE)，所述前向摩擦元件(F_FE)能够通过提供给它的液压实现向前移动；所述后向摩擦元件(R_FE)能够通过提供给它的液压实现向后移动。
压力调节阀11可以是电磁阀，控制压力调节阀11的控制器(CLR)可以配置为基于油的温度来调节供应至切换阀(TV)的先导压力。
像常规的CVT液压控制装置一样，压力调节阀11可以配置为接收由油泵和调节阀形成的管路压力，并且由来自控制器(CLR)的电信号驱动，以调节并向摩擦元件提供适当的液压。
当CVT从空(N)挡切换至用于前向移动的D挡或用于后向移动的R挡时，压力调节阀11可以适当地调节并向前向摩擦元件(F_FE)或后向摩擦元件(R_FE)供应液压，从而能够进行平稳的切换而没有冲击。
在此，作为参考，操作压力可以表示通过压力调节阀11供应至前向摩擦元件(F_FE)或后向摩擦元件(R_FE)的液压，先导压力可以表示供应为操作切换阀(TV)的液压。图1显示了同时供应操作压力和先导压力的情况，图2显示了仅供应先导压力的情况。
切换阀(TV)可以包括：第一端口P1、第二端口P2和第三端口P3，来自压力调节阀11的操作压力供应至所述第一端口P1；所述第二端口P2连接至摩擦元件；所述第三端口P3排出从摩擦元件排出的油，并且切换阀可以配置为在第一状态与第二状态之间切换，在所述第一状态下第二端口P2和第三端口P3彼此连通，在所述第二状态下第一端口P1和第二端口P2彼此连通。
切换阀(TV)可以配置为通过复位弹簧13而具有第一状态，并且通过来自压力调节阀11的先导压力来克服复位弹簧13的弹力而具有第二状态。
控制器(CLR)可以配置为当油温为预定参考温度或以上时控制压力调节阀11，以使先导压力将切换阀(TV)切换至第二状态。
控制器(CLR)可以直接从单独的油温传感器接收有关油温的信息，或者从另一个控制器等接收有关油温的信息。参考温度可以设定为区分当从摩擦元件排出油时，是否由于速度变得比一般的排油速度慢而使车辆在N挡发生不必要的移动的水平。参考温度可以通过实验和分析来确定。
当切换阀(TV)处于第一状态时所形成的排油路径可以比当切换阀(TV)处于第二状态时所形成的排油路径具有更小的油流动阻力。
也就是说，因为先导压力由于油温低于参考温度而没有起作用，当切换阀(TV)处于第一状态时所形成的排油路径可以比当切换阀(TV)处于第二状态时所形成的排油路径具有更小的油流动阻力，从而，即使当具有较高粘度时也可以更平稳地排出油。相应地，摩擦元件可以具有形成为几乎彼此相似的以下速度：当在参考温度或以上，切换阀(TV)处于第二状态时释放液压的速度；当在低于参考温度的温度，切换阀(TV)处于第一状态时释放液压的速度。
因此，在第二状态下形成的排油路径可以配置为具有不发生冲击的水平的流动阻力，这是由于在油温处于参考温度或以上的正常情况下，当CVT切换至N挡时，从摩擦元件释放液压的速度不是太快。
在此，可以通过调节每个路径的最小流动截面面积来实现排油路径中的流动阻力的大小。也就是说，例如，当切换阀(TV)处于第二状态时所形成的排油路径的至少一部分可以实现为包括这样的孔口，该孔口比在第一状态等状态下所形成的排油路径的任何部分具有更小的截面面积。
具有上述结构的孔口可以安装在当切换阀(TV)处于第二状态时所形成的排油路径上的任何位置处。
以上配置是本发明的所有示例性实施方案共有的。图1至图3显示了第一实施方案，其中切换阀(TV)安装在手动阀(MV)与摩擦元件之间，以通过由变速器操纵杆(TL)操作的手动阀(MV)将来自压力调节阀11的操作压力供应至摩擦元件。
作为参考，手动阀(MV)可以进一步包括驻车状态(P挡)的选项。
而且，至少一个切换阀(TV)可以包括在前向摩擦元件(F_FE)和后向摩擦元件(R_FE)的至少一个中，以切换排油路径。图4显示了第二实施方案，其中总共设置了两个切换阀，包括附加切换阀(TV_A)，从而切换从前向摩擦元件(F_FE)以及从后向摩擦元件(R_FE)排出的油的排出路径。
另外，图5显示了本发明的第三实施方案，其中切换阀(TV)连接至手动阀(MV)，以通过由变速器操纵杆(TL)操作的手动阀来接收从摩擦元件排出的油，然后排出所接收的油。
在下文中，基于图1至图3的第一实施方案对本发明的操作进行描述。
图1显示了手动阀(MV)选择R挡并且将压力调节阀11的操作压力供应至后向摩擦元件(R_FE)的状态，从而实现车辆的后向移动。
在此，从压力调节阀11供应至切换阀(TV)的先导压力可以使切换阀(TV)具有第二状态，并且经由手动阀(MV)供应的液压可以通过第一端口P1和第二端口P2提供至后向摩擦元件(R_FE)。
当驾驶员在如上所述的后向移动状态下操作变速器操纵杆(TL)以将手动阀(MV)切换至N挡时，该状态可以切换至图2所示的状态或图3所示的状态。
也就是说，当油温处于参考温度或以上的较高温度的条件下时，控制器(CLR)可以驱动压力调节阀11，使得先导压力能够使得切换阀(TV)连续地保持图2所示的第二状态。当油温处于参考温度以下的较低温度的条件下时，先导压力不会被提供或者仅提供为先导压力不能克服复位弹簧13的弹力的水平，从而使得切换阀(TV)具有如图3所示的第一状态。
排出后向摩擦元件(R_FE)的油所经由的并且在切换阀(TV)具有第一状态时所形成的排油路径可以比在切换阀(TV)具有第二状态时所形成的排油路径具有更小的流动阻力。因此，即使在油粘度较高的较低温度条件下也可以平稳地排出后向摩擦元件(R_FE)的油，从而有效地防止车辆在N挡不必要的移动。
本发明可以在CVT切换至空(N)挡时，通过使供应至无级变速器(CVT)的前向摩擦元件或后向摩擦元件的液压以适当的速度释放，而不管基于油温的油粘度如何变化，防止车辆不必要的移动或冲击，并且可以以非常低的成本来实现这种功能。
尽管针对示例性实施方案示出和描述了本发明，但是对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是，在不脱离本发明的精神的前提下，可以对本发明进行各种修改和改变。

Claims (9)

1.一种无级变速器液压控制装置，其包括：
压力调节阀，其配置为调节供应至前向-后向装置的摩擦元件的油的操作压力；和
切换阀，其配置为通过来自压力调节阀的先导压力和复位弹簧的弹力来分别切换排油路径；
其中：
通过排油路径将供应至摩擦元件的油排出；
通过切换阀切换的排油路径配置为具有彼此不同的油流动阻力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无级变速器液压控制装置，其中：
所述压力调节阀是电磁阀；
控制器配置为：控制压力调节阀并且基于油的温度来调节供应至切换阀的先导压力。
3.根据权利要求2所述的无级变速器液压控制装置，其中，
所述切换阀包括：
第一端口，来自压力调节阀的操作压力供应至所述第一端口；
第二端口，其连接至摩擦元件；和
第三端口，从摩擦元件排出的油通过所述第三端口排出；
其中，所述切换阀配置为在第一状态与第二状态之间切换，在所述第一状态下第二端口和第三端口彼此连通，在所述第二状态下第一端口和第二端口彼此连通。
4.根据权利要求3所述的无级变速器液压控制装置，其中：
所述复位弹簧配置为使切换阀处于第一状态；
当通过来自压力调节阀的先导压力克服复位弹簧的弹力时，将切换阀切换至第二状态。
5.根据权利要求4所述的无级变速器液压控制装置，其中，当油的温度等于或高于预定参考温度时，所述控制器配置为控制压力调节阀，以使先导压力将切换阀切换至第二状态。
6.根据权利要求5所述的无级变速器液压控制装置，其中，当切换阀处于第一状态时所形成的第一排油路径具有比当切换阀处于第二状态时所形成的第二排油路径更小的油流动阻力。
7.根据权利要求1所述的无级变速器液压控制装置，其中，所述切换阀安装在手动阀与摩擦元件之间，并且配置为通过由变速器操纵杆操作的手动阀将来自压力调节阀的操作压力供应至摩擦元件。
8.根据权利要求1所述的无级变速器液压控制装置，其中，所述切换阀连接至手动阀，并且配置为通过由变速器操纵杆操作的手动阀来接收从摩擦元件排出的油，然后排出所接收的油。
9.根据权利要求1所述的无级变速器液压控制装置，其中，
所述前向-后向装置的摩擦元件包括：实现前向移动状态的前向摩擦元件以及实现后向移动状态的后向摩擦元件；
至少一个切换阀包括在前向摩擦元件和后向摩擦元件的至少一个中，并且配置为切换排油路径。
CN202011163010.9A 2020-05-19 2020-10-27 无级变速器液压控制装置 Pending CN113685536A (zh)

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