CN113680300A - 一种稠油降黏装置 - Google Patents

一种稠油降黏装置 Download PDF

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CN113680300A
CN113680300A CN202110978521.4A CN202110978521A CN113680300A CN 113680300 A CN113680300 A CN 113680300A CN 202110978521 A CN202110978521 A CN 202110978521A CN 113680300 A CN113680300 A CN 113680300A
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oil
stirring
catalyst
crude oil
viscosity reducing
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付斌
敬加强
杨航
王海燕
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Southwest Petroleum University
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Southwest Petroleum University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
    • B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
    • B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
    • B01J19/126—Microwaves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/005—Separating solid material from the gas/liquid stream
    • B01J8/006—Separating solid material from the gas/liquid stream by filtration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/08—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles
    • B01J8/087—Heating or cooling the reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/08—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles
    • B01J8/10—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles moved by stirrers or by rotary drums or rotary receptacles or endless belts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G32/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils by electric or magnetic means, by irradiation, or by using microorganisms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
    • C10G2300/20—Characteristics of the feedstock or the products
    • C10G2300/30—Physical properties of feedstocks or products
    • C10G2300/302—Viscosity

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种稠油降黏装置，该装置通过微波加热和纳米催化剂的协同作用对稠油降黏，并设置了催化剂分离及原油回收装置，可在降黏后将催化剂与原油分离回收；通过温度传感器完整记录稠油的温度变化，生成温度变化曲线。本发明提供的稠油降黏装置，可克服稠油降黏高能耗、油品改质等问题，具有环保、节能、高效等优点。

Description

一种稠油降黏装置
技术领域
本发明涉及稠油降黏室内实验，具体涉及一种稠油降黏装置。
背景技术
原油在国民经济中有着举足轻重的地位，其中有7％是胶质、沥青质含量较高的稠油，我国稠油资源主要分布在新疆、东北、华北等油田。稠油具有胶质沥青质含量多、流动性差、处理难度大等特点，且受具体生产环境的限制。目前常用的稠油降黏方试主要有掺稀降黏、加热降黏、乳化降黏等方法，这些方法存在能耗高、环境污染、油品改质等问题。因此，如何环保、高效地对日益剧增的稠油资源进行开采和输送成为了热点问题。
微波降黏法作为新型降黏方法，具有清洁、高效等优点，其实质是微波效应与稠油中的胶质沥青质等大分子发生相互作用并使其裂解形成小分子烃类化合物，从而达到降黏的目的。近年来，生物技术因其清洁、高效等优点受到广泛关注，也因此推进了纳米催化剂的应用。纳米催化剂具有结构小、接触面积大、高效稳定等优点。此外纳米催化剂还可以与微波协同作用，纳米催化剂可以让稠油更好的吸收微波，而微波可以提高纳米催化剂的活性，使其更易将大分子结构裂解为小分子结构，从而达到稠油降黏的目的。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种稠油降黏装置，以减少稠油降黏过程中能耗高、污染重等问题，提升实验效率，清洁环保。
本发明所采用的技术方案是：
一种稠油降黏装置，包括反应室、微波搅拌加热装置和催化剂分离及原油回收装置；
所述反应室包括炉体(1)、保温盒体(2)；
所述微波搅拌加热装置(3)包括微波发生器(5)、波导管(6)、搅拌杆(7)、搅拌桨(8)、密封固定夹(9)、搅拌电机(10)、温度探头(11)、测温仪(12)，其中波导管接入保温盒体内，以使微波发生器产生的微波通过波导管传入反应室内部，用于加热反应室内油样，同时波导管与搅拌杆相连，通过搅拌使稠油与纳米催化剂均匀混合，温度探头和测温仪用于采集实时反应温度；所述催化剂分离及原油回收装置(4)包括纳滤膜室(13)、阀门(14)、气源(15)、收集罐(16)，通过加压分离，纳米催化剂被纳滤膜截留，降黏后原油通过纳滤膜最终流入收集罐(16)中。由上所述，本发明的有益效果为：通过微波发生装置带动搅拌桨，同时加热保温盒体内的稠油，在微波加热与催化剂的协同作用下对稠油进行降黏，测温仪可实时观测盒体内的温度变化。降黏后原油流入回收装置，催化剂被纳滤膜截留，最终实现催化剂与降黏原油的分离。本发明装置的优点在于可清洁、高效的实现稠油降黏并将催化剂分离。
附图说明
图1是一种稠油降黏装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
图1所示为稠油降黏装置的结构示意图，其工作过程为：
1.实验开始时，稠油从入口18注入保温盒体2，同时将纳米催化剂由入口17注入，当稠油与催化剂均流入保温盒体2时，搅拌桨8搅拌使稠油与催化剂均匀混合，同时微波发生器5产生微波加热稠油，当温度达到催化剂的反应温度时催化剂开始催化稠油，使稠油粘度下降，降黏后的原油流入纳滤膜室13，此时打开阀门14，增大压力使催化剂与原油分离，催化剂被纳滤膜截留，分离后的原油流入收集罐16。

Claims (7)

1.一种稠油降黏装置，其特征在于：包括炉体(1)、保温盒体(2)、搅拌加热装置(3)、催化剂分离及原油回收装置(4)；
2.根据权利要求1所述的稠油降黏装置，其特征在于：所述炉体(1)下端设有开口，该开口为稠油入口(18)和催化剂入口(17)，分别用于注入稠油和纳米催化剂，上端设有搅拌加热装置(3)，炉体另一侧面与催化剂分离与原油回收装置(4)连通。
3.根据权利要求1所述的稠油降黏装置，其特征在于：所述搅拌加热装置(3)包括微波发生器(5)、波导管(6)、搅拌杆(7)、搅拌桨(8)、密封固定夹(9)、搅拌电机(10)、温度探头(11)、测温仪(12)。
4.根据权利要求2所述的微波搅拌加热装置(3)，其特征在于：所述微波发生器(10)与波导管(10)相连，由波导管(10)将微波传入保温盒体(10)内部；所述波导管(10)与搅拌杆(10)相连，由搅拌杆(10)带动搅拌桨(10)旋转。
5.根据权利要求1所述的稠油降黏装置(16)，其特征在于：所述催化剂分离及原油回收装置包括纳滤膜室(13)、阀门(14)、气源(15)、收集罐(16)。
6.根据权利要求4所述的催化剂分离及原油回收装置(4)，其特征在于：降黏原油流入纳滤膜室(13)后通过气源(15)进行加压分离，纳米催化剂被纳滤膜截留，降黏后油通过纳滤膜最终流入收集罐(16)中。
7.根据权利要求1所述的稠油降黏装置，其特征在于：测温仪(12)采集保温盒体(2)内稠油的温度。
CN202110978521.4A 2021-08-25 2021-08-25 一种稠油降黏装置 Pending CN113680300A (zh)

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Application publication date: 20211123