CN113678964A - Low-fish-meal compound feed for micropterus salmoides for improving intestinal health and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-fish-meal compound feed for micropterus salmoides for improving intestinal health and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113678964A CN113678964A CN202111011845.7A CN202111011845A CN113678964A CN 113678964 A CN113678964 A CN 113678964A CN 202111011845 A CN202111011845 A CN 202111011845A CN 113678964 A CN113678964 A CN 113678964A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-fish meal compound feed for micropterus salmoides for improving intestinal health, which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 12-15% of fish meal, 5-12% of soybean protein concentrate, 10-20% of fermented soybean meal, 8-10% of enzymatic soybean meal, 5-10% of chicken meal, 5-7% of corn protein powder, 5-8% of meat and bone meal, 8-12.38% of high gluten flour, 1-5% of fish oil, 3-7% of soybean oil, 0.2-1.0% of soybean lecithin, 0.2-1.0% of choline chloride, 0.5-1.0% of vitamin premix, 0.5-1.0% of mineral premix, 0.5-1.0% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1-0.5% of L-lysine, 0.1-0.5% of L-methionine, 0.2-0.5% of taurine, 0.25-1.0% of tributyrin and 0.02-0.5% of alpha-ketoglutarate. The invention also provides a preparation method of the low-fish-meal compound feed for micropterus salmoides. The invention can effectively replace 70 percent of fish meal in the existing feed formula of the micropterus salmoides, obviously reduces the feed cost, and fully ensures the growth performance of the micropterus salmoides due to the improvement of the intestinal health degree and the immune barrier function of the micropterus salmoides.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a low-fish-meal compound feed for micropterus salmoides for improving intestinal health and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Micropterus salmoides (Micropterus salmoides) have the characteristics of fresh and tender meat, rapid growth, short culture period, domestication of edible compound feed and the like. In recent years, the annual output of largemouth bass reaches more than 40 ten thousand tons, and the largemouth bass becomes one of several kinds of freshwater economic fishes which are mainly cultured in the south of China. As carnivorous fishes, micropterus salmoides have a very high demand for feed proteins. Wherein, the fish meal which is a high-quality protein source with good palatability and digestible utilization rate is added into the commercial feed of the largemouth black bass in an amount of 40 to 50 percent. However, the fish meal resource supply is short and the price is gradually increased, so that the price of the commercial feed for the largemouth black bass is generally higher (1.1-1.3 ten thousand yuan/ton), the feed cost is too high, and the culture profit margin is small.
Therefore, the development of a new feed formula which can reduce the cost of the feed for micropterus salmoides and ensure the growth rate of the fish body is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of high cost and low culture profit of the compound feed for micropterus salmoides in the prior art, and provides the compound feed for micropterus salmoides with low fish meal for improving intestinal health, wherein the compound feed can replace 70% of the fish meal in the prior formula by scientifically combining the formula, so that the feed cost is obviously reduced, the intestinal health of fish bodies is improved, multiple enzyme indexes of the intestinal tract are improved, and intestinal villus development is promoted, so that the growth of the fish bodies is effectively ensured; the invention also provides a preparation method of the low-fish-meal compound feed for micropterus salmoides for improving intestinal health.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a low-fish-meal compound feed for micropterus salmoides for improving intestinal health comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 12-15% of fish meal, 5-12% of soybean protein concentrate, 10-20% of fermented soybean meal, 8-10% of enzymatic soybean meal, 5-10% of chicken meal, 5-7% of corn protein powder, 5-8% of meat and bone meal, 8-12.38% of high gluten flour, 1-5% of fish oil, 3-7% of soybean oil, 0.2-1.0% of soybean lecithin, 0.2-1.0% of choline chloride, 0.5-1.0% of vitamin premix, 0.5-1.0% of mineral premix, 0.5-1.0% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1-0.5% of L-lysine, 0.1-0.5% of L-methionine, 0.2-0.5% of taurine, 0.25-1.0% of tributyrin and 0.02-0.5% of alpha-ketoglutarate.
Preferably, the paint consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 12 percent of fish meal, 10 percent of soybean protein concentrate, 20 percent of fermented soybean meal, 10 percent of enzymatic soybean meal, 9 percent of chicken meal, 5 percent of corn protein powder, 8.0 percent of meat bone meal, 10 percent of high gluten flour, 4.0 percent of fish oil, 4.0 percent of soybean oil, 1.0 percent of soybean lecithin, 1.0 percent of choline chloride, 1.0 percent of vitamin premix, 1.0 percent of mineral premix, 1.0 percent of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 percent of L-lysine, 0.5 percent of L-methionine, 0.5 percent of taurine, 1.0 percent of tributyrin and 0.5 percent of alpha-ketoglutarate are weighed.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the low-fish-meal compound feed for micropterus salmoides, which comprises the following steps:
s1, weighing the components according to the formula, pulverizing into powder by using a pulverizer, sieving by using a 80-mesh sieve, and mixing uniformly step by step in a feed mixer to obtain mixed powder;
s2, granulating the mixed powder in the step S1 by using a feed particle bulking machine to obtain a finished product of the compound feed.
As the fish meal is a high-quality protein source, at least 40-50% of the fish meal is required to be used in the conventional compound feed for breeding the largemouth black bass, but the price of the fish meal is high, so that the feed cost is high and the breeding profit is low. The reduction of the proportion of fish meal in the feed can cause insufficient nutrition and influence the growth performance of the largemouth black bass. Therefore, in the formula of the feed, a plurality of animal and plant proteins such as soybean protein concentrate, fermented soybean meal, enzymatic soybean meal, chicken meal, corn protein powder, meat and bone meal, high gluten flour and the like are adopted, the composite protein is formed by scientific proportioning, and a proper amount of methionine and taurine are supplemented, so that a sufficient and comprehensive protein source can be provided for the largemouth bass, 70% of fish meal in the largemouth bass compound feed is efficiently replaced, and the adding amount of the fish meal is reduced to 12% -15%.
The fish meal is not only a high-quality protein source, but also has a very high digestibility, so that intestinal tract organ injury is easily caused after the proportion of the fish meal is greatly reduced, the intestinal tract health of a fish body is influenced, the growth performance and the immune barrier function of the fish body are reduced, and the overall growth efficiency of the fish body is influenced. On the premise of adopting the composite protein in the formula, a proper amount of functional additives such as alpha-ketoglutaric acid and tributyrin are used in a matching manner, and the enzymatic activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, lysozyme and the like in the intestinal tract of the largemouth bass are improved, so that the oxidation resistance and antibacterial capacity of the intestinal tract of the largemouth bass are promoted, and the intestinal tract health and the immune barrier function of a fish body are improved. Meanwhile, the intestinal villus height and the intestinal wall thickness can be obviously improved, and the integrity of the intestinal morphological structure is maintained, so that the feed utilization rate is obviously improved.
In conclusion, the low-fish-meal compound feed for the micropterus salmoides effectively replaces 70% of fish meal of the micropterus salmoides, obviously reduces the feed cost, and fully ensures the growth performance of the micropterus salmoides due to the improvement of the intestinal health degree and the immune barrier function of the micropterus salmoides.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
firstly), the invention efficiently replaces 70 percent of fish meal in the compound feed for micropterus salmoides, reduces the adding amount of the fish meal to 12 to 15 percent, reduces the cost of the feed by 1463 yuan/ton, obviously reduces the breeding cost and improves the breeding income;
secondly), the invention adopts a plurality of animal and vegetable proteins such as soybean protein concentrate, fermented soybean meal, enzymatic soybean meal, chicken meal, corn protein powder, meat and bone meal, high gluten flour and the like, adopts scientific proportioning to form composite protein, and supplements proper methionine and taurine, thereby providing sufficient and comprehensive protein source for the micropterus salmoides; meanwhile, a proper amount of functional additives such as alpha-ketoglutaric acid, tributyrin and the like are used in a matching manner, and the enzyme activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, lysozyme and the like in the intestinal tract of the largemouth bass are improved, so that the oxidation resistance and antibacterial capacity of the intestinal tract of the largemouth bass are promoted, and the intestinal health and the immune barrier function of the fish are improved; the intestinal villus height and the intestinal wall thickness can be obviously improved, and the integrity of the intestinal morphological structure is maintained, so that the feed utilization rate is obviously improved, and the growth performance of the micropterus salmoides is fully ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a section of intestinal tract of a control group of micropterus salmoides in example 4 (HE staining, 40X);
FIG. 2 is a section of intestinal tracts of micropterus salmoides of the experimental group of example 4 (HE staining, 40X).
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
Example 1
Weighing 12% of fish meal, 10% of soybean protein concentrate, 20% of fermented soybean meal, 10% of enzymatic soybean meal, 9% of chicken meal, 5% of corn protein powder, 8% of meat bone meal, 10% of high gluten flour, 4% of fish oil, 4% of soybean oil, 1% of soybean lecithin, 1% of choline chloride, 1% of vitamin premix, 1% of mineral premix, 1% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5% of L-lysine, 0.5% of L-methionine, 0.5% of taurine, 1% of tributyrin and 0.5% of alpha-ketoglutarate.
Pulverizing the above components into powder with a pulverizer, sieving with a 80-mesh sieve, and mixing in a feed mixer step by step to obtain mixed powder; and (3) granulating the mixed powder by using a feed particle bulking machine to obtain the low-fish-meal compound feed for the micropterus salmoides for maintaining intestinal health.
Example 2
Weighing 13% of fish meal, 8% of soybean protein concentrate, 18% of fermented soybean meal, 8% of enzymatic soybean meal, 10% of chicken meal, 7% of corn protein powder, 7% of meat bone meal, 12.38% of high gluten flour, 4% of fish oil, 7% of soybean oil, 0.8% of soybean lecithin, 0.3% of choline chloride, 0.7% of vitamin premix, 0.5% of mineral premix, 1% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.4% of L-lysine, 0.1% of L-methionine, 0.4% of taurine, 0.75% of tributyrin and 0.4% of alpha-ketoglutarate.
Pulverizing the above components into powder with a pulverizer, sieving with a 80-mesh sieve, and mixing in a feed mixer step by step to obtain mixed powder; and (3) granulating the mixed powder by using a feed particle bulking machine to obtain the low-fish-meal compound feed for the micropterus salmoides for maintaining intestinal health.
Example 3
Weighing 15% of fish meal, 12% of soybean protein concentrate, 15% of fermented soybean meal, 9% of enzymatic soybean meal, 8% of chicken meal, 7% of corn protein powder, 8% of meat bone meal, 11% of high gluten flour, 3% of fish oil, 5% of soybean oil, 0.5% of soybean lecithin, 1.0% of choline chloride, 1.0% of vitamin premix, 1.0% of mineral premix, 1.0% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.5% of L-lysine, 0.5% of L-methionine, 0.5% of taurine, 0.75% of tributyrin and 0.25% of alpha-ketoglutarate.
Pulverizing the above components into powder with a pulverizer, sieving with a 80-mesh sieve, and mixing in a feed mixer step by step to obtain mixed powder; and (3) granulating the mixed powder by using a feed particle bulking machine to obtain the low-fish-meal compound feed for the micropterus salmoides for maintaining intestinal health.
Example 4
Perch micropterus salmoides culture control test
Test subjects: 200 healthy micropterus salmoides fries with the specification of 11.5 g/piece are randomly and evenly divided into two groups, and each group of 100 micropterus salmoides fries are respectively a test group and a control group.
The test method comprises the following steps: the test group is fed with the low-fish-meal compound feed for the micropterus salmoides prepared in the invention example 1, and the control group is fed with the conventional compound feed for micropterus salmoides on the market. The culture period is 10 weeks, and the same breeding management is carried out on the test group and the control group during the culture period.
After the culture is finished, fasting the micropterus salmoides of the test group and the control group for 24h, wiping all the fish with a wet towel, weighing one by one, recording the weight, and carrying out statistical analysis on growth performance indexes such as terminal weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate and the like. 3 fish in the test group and the control group are respectively taken, after being dissected, the visceral weight, the liver weight and the intestinal length are weighed, and the visceral volume ratio, the liver volume ratio and the intestinal volume ratio are statistically analyzed; then, placing the intestinal tract with the size of 2-3cm into a centrifugal tube, quickly freezing in liquid nitrogen, and storing in a refrigerator at-80 ℃ for later use; another foregut sample with the size of 1cm is taken and stored in the stationary liquid to be sliced for analysis. The enzymatic activities of intestinal catalase, superoxide dismutase and the like are measured by adopting a kit of Nanjing institute of biotechnology.
And (3) test results: the growth indexes of the largemouth bass are detailed in table 1; the intestinal antioxidant index and the intestinal morphology index of the micropterus salmoides are detailed in a table 2; the intestinal section electron micrographs of the test group and the control group are shown in the attached figure 1 and the attached figure 2.
TABLE 1 Lateolabrax growth index analysis
TABLE 2 analysis of the intestinal antioxidant index and intestinal morphological index of Lateolabrax japonicus
The data in table 1 show: compared with a control group, the feed price of the control group is 7648.50 yuan/ton, the feed price of the test group is 6184.62 yuan/ton, and the feed price of the test group is 1463 yuan per ton, so that the culture cost is obviously reduced. The invention also fully ensures the growth performance of the largemouth black bass while reducing the breeding cost. Compared with a control group, the growth performance and feed utilization rate indexes such as the weight gain rate, the specific growth rate, the feed coefficient and the like of the test group are slightly superior to those of the control group, but no statistical difference exists between the two groups (P is more than 0.05). The invention can fully ensure the growth performance of the largemouth black bass body after replacing 70 percent of fish meal.
In table 1, the liver body index of the micropterus salmoides in the test group is reduced by 4.6% (P <0.05) compared with that in the control group, and the intestinal body index of the micropterus salmoides is improved by 18.63% (P <0.05), which indicates that the invention remarkably promotes the development of intestinal organs of fish bodies. The data in table 2 are combined to show that the invention integrally promotes the development of fish intestinal organs from two aspects of improving the morphological development of fish intestinal villus tissue and improving the indexes of intestinal antioxidant related enzymes, and the specific steps are as follows:
1. compared with the control group, the intestinal villus height of the test group fish is increased by 15.31% (P <0.05), and the intestinal villus width and the villus epithelial cell height are also obviously increased (as shown in the attached figures 1 and 2). The low-fish-meal compound feed for the micropterus salmoides can be used for remarkably improving the intestinal villus height and the intestinal wall thickness and maintaining the integrity of the intestinal morphological structure, so that the feed utilization rate is remarkably improved.
2. Compared with the control group, the enzymatic activities of the catalase and the superoxide dismutase in the intestinal tracts of the test groups are respectively improved by 24.33 percent and 17.36 percent (P is less than 0.05), and the content of the lysozyme is also improved. The low-fish-meal compound feed for the micropterus salmoides can be used for remarkably improving the antioxidant and antibacterial capacities of intestinal tracts of fish bodies and improving the intestinal health and the immune barrier function of the fish bodies.
In conclusion, the invention can obviously reduce the feed cost by replacing 70 percent of fish meal, and fully ensures the growth performance of fish bodies on the basis of replacing 70 percent of fish meal. The invention can effectively promote the growth of intestinal organs of fish bodies: the compound protein in the formula can provide an adequate protein source for the growth of largemouth bass, and simultaneously, the height of intestinal villi and the thickness of the intestinal wall are obviously improved by combining taurine, tributyrin and alpha-ketoglutarate, so that the integrity of the intestinal morphological structure is maintained, and the feed utilization rate is obviously improved; and the antioxidant and antibacterial abilities of the fish intestinal tract are obviously improved, the health and the immune barrier function of the fish intestinal tract are improved, and the incidence rate of intestinal tract diseases of the fish is reduced, so that the growth performance of the fish can be fully ensured on the basis of replacing 70% of fish meal.
The present specification and figures are to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive, and it is intended that all such alterations and modifications that fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention, and that all such modifications and variations are included within the scope of the invention as determined by the appended claims without the use of inventive faculty.
Claims (3)
1. The low-fish-meal compound feed for micropterus salmoides for improving intestinal health is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 12-15% of fish meal, 5-12% of soybean protein concentrate, 10-20% of fermented soybean meal, 8-10% of enzymatic soybean meal, 5-10% of chicken meal, 5-7% of corn protein powder, 5-8% of meat and bone meal, 8-12.38% of high gluten flour, 1-5% of fish oil, 3-7% of soybean oil, 0.2-1.0% of soybean lecithin, 0.2-1.0% of choline chloride, 0.5-1.0% of vitamin premix, 0.5-1.0% of mineral premix, 0.5-1.0% of monocalcium phosphate, 0.1-0.5% of L-lysine, 0.1-0.5% of L-methionine, 0.2-0.5% of taurine, 0.25-1.0% of tributyrin and 0.02-0.5% of alpha-ketoglutarate.
2. The low-fish-meal compound feed for micropterus salmoides as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 12 percent of fish meal, 10 percent of soybean protein concentrate, 20 percent of fermented soybean meal, 10 percent of enzymatic soybean meal, 9 percent of chicken meal, 5 percent of corn protein powder, 8.0 percent of meat bone meal, 10 percent of high gluten flour, 4.0 percent of fish oil, 4.0 percent of soybean oil, 1.0 percent of soybean lecithin, 1.0 percent of choline chloride, 1.0 percent of vitamin premix, 1.0 percent of mineral premix, 1.0 percent of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 percent of L-lysine, 0.5 percent of L-methionine, 0.5 percent of taurine, 1.0 percent of tributyrin and 0.5 percent of alpha-ketoglutarate are weighed.
3. A preparation method of a low-fish-meal compound feed for micropterus salmoides for improving intestinal health is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, weighing the components according to the formula, pulverizing into powder by using a pulverizer, sieving by using a 80-mesh sieve, and mixing uniformly step by step in a feed mixer to obtain mixed powder;
s2, granulating the mixed powder in the step S1 by using a feed particle bulking machine to obtain a finished product of the compound feed.
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