CN113673911A - Evaluation, adjustment and trimming method based on fruit tree photosynthetic yield and distribution principle - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an evaluation adjustment pruning method based on fruit tree photosynthetic yield and distribution principle, which is used for evaluating whether pruning measures are reasonable or not based on the standard that the photosynthetic product yield is higher and pruning is allocated to a needed part of a tree body, and provides a method for correcting mistakes and rectifying deviation and an analysis step for pruning technicians and fruit growers. Compared with the prior art, the fruit tree pruning method solves the technical problems that the fruit tree pruning is upright in the stand, is free of targets, is not known about wrong alignment, and is difficult to obtain high-quality and high-yield pruning, and has the advantages of improving the orchard production capacity, reducing the unit yield cost and the like.

Description

Evaluation, adjustment and trimming method based on fruit tree photosynthetic yield and distribution principle

Technical Field

The invention relates to a fruit tree pruning method, in particular to an evaluation adjustment pruning method based on fruit tree photosynthetic yield and distribution principle.

Background

The existing orchard area in China exceeds 1100 hectares, fruit tree pruning technology influences the occupied area of the unit area yield and the target yield of fruits, and the fruit tree pruning technology is concerned with the income of fruit growers and the occupied area of national fruit trees, and is of great importance.

In Jiangxi Jiangxian south navel orange mature-age orchard, the annual output of most orchards is 2500 kilograms per 667 square meters or less, but the annual output of a few orchards is 5000 kilograms per 667 square meters or more, and the annual output of the orchards is stable at 7500 kilograms per 667 square meters or more. The yield is multiplied by several times, mainly due to the difference in pruning measures. The pruning technology is a main reason for low yield of most orchards, and has the advantages of standing, being free from targets and being unknown about mistakes. It is important for agricultural technicians and fruit growers to distinguish whether technical measures are reasonable or not, and the capability of obtaining a high-quality and high-yield pruning scheme by abandoning error correction and customization is achieved.

Biological basic principles indicate that the economic yield of fruit trees is transformed by photosynthetic products. The yield is determined by five aspects of the total leaf area, the photosynthetic rate, the photosynthetic time, the respiratory consumption and the dry matter yield coefficient. As a well-known formula, fruit yield of a fruit tree is (leaf area × photosynthetic rate × photosynthetic time-respiration consumption) × dry matter yield coefficient. In addition to the photosynthetic time, the five aspects of the method play a key role in pruning. Therefore, people carry out a great deal of summary and research on the pruning technology to form a series of practical operation experiences and theories, and the method plays an important role in guiding the production of fruit trees.

Because the pruning reaction is influenced by factors in various aspects such as climatic environment, soil and fertilizer water management, tree body conditions and the like, the pruning reaction is different under different cultivation conditions by the same pruning method, and therefore, the pruning technology also becomes the technical field which is difficult to achieve consensus at most. Pruning techniques are difficult to discern if not standardized for higher photosynthetic yields and conversion to economic yields. The pruning measures of high yield and high harvest can not be obtained in successive years, which is wrong or deviated, and the purpose of planting fruit trees can not be achieved. More importantly, although the annual yield is low and the quality is poor due to unreasonable pruning in many orchards, no reason can be found for pruning, and a pruning scheme for increasing the yield and improving the quality cannot be obtained.

The invention discloses a pruning evaluation method based on fruit tree canopy illumination distribution calculation (CN 107507207A). A mathematical model is established by measuring illumination intensity in a cube network at different positions and utilizing a certain algorithm, and the mathematical model is used for evaluating whether fruit trees are reasonably pruned or not for an orchard which finishes pruning and enters a growth result stage, so that the method plays an active guiding role in improving pruning operation in the next year. However, the patent technology cannot judge whether the scheme of the trimming measure to be executed is beneficial to improving the yield and the quality before trimming.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an evaluation and adjustment pruning method based on fruit tree photosynthetic yield and distribution principle.

The method aims at the technical scheme that whether the trimming technical measures to be executed are reasonable or not can not be evaluated in advance before the trimming operation in the prior art, and the error correction and adjustment cannot be abandoned.

The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:

an evaluation adjustment pruning method based on fruit tree photosynthetic yield and distribution principle comprises the following steps:

s01: according to the prior art, the rules, high-yield indexes and requirements based on fruit tree photosynthetic yield and pruning and blending are confirmed;

s02: investigating the photosynthetic yield capacity and the trimming and allocating conditions of the orchard to obtain data or evaluations of internal and external factors influencing the photosynthetic rate of the orchard, a branch and leaf space index representing the total leaf area, the branch and bud condition and the like;

s03: comparing the data or evaluation obtained in the step S02 with the fruit tree photosynthetic yield and trimming and blending rule, high yield index and requirement in the step S01 to obtain the difference that the high yield of the orchard needs to be compensated by trimming;

s04: according to the difference that the orchard needs to obtain high yield and needs to be made up by pruning in the step S03, a target task for orchard pruning is set based on the fruit tree photosynthetic yield and the pruning and allocation principle; according to the target task, making a pruning measure to be selected;

s05: dividing the pruning measures to be selected in the step S04 into single pruning measures, and evaluating whether the pruning target task can be completed or not respectively according to the standard, so as to obtain an evaluation conclusion in the aspects of reasonable implementation, error abandonment and deviation correction; and (3) listing the single pruning measure with the evaluation conclusion of reasonable implementable into a pruning scheme, abandoning the single pruning measure with the evaluation conclusion of error abandonment, redesigning the single pruning measure with the evaluation conclusion of deviation and correction, and evaluating whether the pruning target task can be completed or not until the conclusion of the single pruning measure is reasonable implementable.

S06: and (4) collecting and finishing all the evaluation conclusions finally obtained in the step (S05) as 'reasonably implementable' pruning measures to form an evaluation adjustment pruning technical scheme.

Further, step S05 includes listing the pruning measures to be selected to prepare a single evaluation.

Further, the evaluation method in step S05 specifically includes:

(a) obtaining a tree body reaction result in the aspect of finishing the pruning target task by adopting a hypothetical implementation method for the pruning measures to be selected;

(b) evaluating the tree body reaction result obtained in the step (a) by taking whether the pruning target task can be completed as a standard: the method can complete the selected pruning measures corresponding to the pruning target task, and the evaluation conclusion is reasonable and practicable; assuming that the tree pruning reaction result obtained by implementation is opposite to the target task, and the evaluation conclusion is 'error is required to be abandoned'; assuming that the tree pruning reaction result obtained by implementation is that the tree pruning reaction result is a target task but has defects to be improved, the evaluation conclusion is that the tree pruning reaction result is 'deviation to be corrected'.

The invention is suitable for agricultural technicians and fruit growers to apply in production practice. The fruit trees are most suitable for oranges, apples, pears and peaches; other fruit trees can make a pruning scheme, and beneficial effects can be obtained by referring to the method; the basic principle and the design steps of the invention are also applicable to the yield increasing scheme of vegetables and grain crops.

The invention provides a method for evaluating, adjusting and making a pruning scheme by taking the standards that the yield of fruit tree photosynthetic products is higher and the distribution of the fruit tree photosynthetic products meets the requirements of fruit trees better. Compared with the prior art, the advantages are as follows:

1. the technical scheme for fruit tree pruning made by the method is clear in task, high yield and high yield of higher photosynthetic yield and higher transformation yield can be obtained by pruning measures, and the technical problems that fruit tree pruning is standing in a stand, free of targets, unknown in alignment and difficult to obtain high quality and high yield are solved.

2. By using the method to guide the orchard with medium and low yield to make a pruning scheme, the pruning technical direction can be quickly found, the orchard production capacity is greatly improved, and the unit yield cost is reduced.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the pruning scheme of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples will assist those skilled in the art in further understanding the invention, but are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that variations and modifications can be made by persons skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention. All falling within the scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Formulation of pruning scheme for small round-head type mature navel orange garden

As shown in fig. 1, the method for making the pruning scheme based on fruit tree photosynthetic yield and allocation by abandoning mistakes and rectifying deviation comprises the following steps:

s01, summarizing the theory and practical experience of the prior art, and based on the factors influencing the photosynthetic yield of the navel orange trees, the general rule and key indexes of high quality and high yield in successive years can be obtained by trimming and blending, as shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1

S02, the orchard status quo of the navel orange short round-head tree is detailed in the orchard status quo and evaluation table 2, and the main problems are shown in the following steps:

(1) the yield is low, each 667 square meters, the annual yield is about 2500 kilograms, and single plants bearing fruits in different years or different years can also be obtained;

(2) the main trunk and the main branch are not obvious, the bearing branches are concentrated on the periphery of the crown, the bearing branches are long, the bearing branches droop into a bow shape after bearing, the top end advantage is transferred to the back, the vigorous growing branches grow, the crown of the growing tree is expanded, the front end of the bearing branches droop after bearing, and the new vigorous growing branches are used for expanding the crown of the growing tree. Therefore, the trees are slow to grow, the tree crowns are short and small, and the coverage rate of 75% of all the orchards cannot be achieved.

(3) The thickness of the leaf curtain layer is not enough, the periphery is more than 1 meter, and the middle is about 0.80 meter.

(4) The conventional trimming methods of early-summer young shoots wiping and fruit protection and uniform autumn young shoots placing are often adopted.

S03 shows that under the current situation of orchard pruning, the difference between the photosynthetic yield and the requirement for transformation from pruning to needed position and the difference between the high yield index are found, and the investigation result is shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2

S04, according to the current data and evaluation of the orchard tree body, setting orchard pruning target tasks as shown in the table 3.

TABLE 3

The pruning tasks based on increased photosynthetic yield and pruning assignment adjustments in table 3 can be summarized as the following 4:

(1) increasing the tree height. The central trunk or the large-sized small-angle main branch is cultured, the height of the crown is increased, and conditions are created for increasing the thickness of the leaf curtain layer.

(2) Forming concave-convex tree crowns. The crown is provided with a skylight to form a concave-convex crown.

(3) Increase the quantity of branches and leaves.

(4) And (5) cultivating the number of robust branch groups.

S05, dividing the proposed pruning measure or the habitual pruning method into single technical measures as the pruning measure to be evaluated, and comparing and analyzing the single technical measure with the established orchard pruning target task to obtain one of three results of reasonable implementation, error correction and error abandonment.

(1) List list of proposed pruning actions

TABLE 3

Numbering	List of pruning measures to be selected
		1	1. Early summer shoots are removed from mature orchards, illumination is solved, and nutrient competition with fruits is reduced.
2	2. Measures for keeping summer shoots and utilizing the summer shoots in parallel in summer.
		......	......

(2) The proposed pruning measures listed in Table 3 were evaluated and concluded.

Implementation 1 requires many measures for evaluating pruning, taking the round-headed summer shoot utilization of an aged tree as an example, and the analysis results of the measures for evaluating "summer shoot elimination" in the list are shown in table 4:

TABLE 4

In the evaluation list, "summer shoots are reserved in summer, and" the operation table 4 "analysis table for correcting errors of orchard pruning measures for completing pruning target tasks" is fully utilized for analysis, and the result is shown in table 5:

TABLE 5

S06 measures listed in the list of pruning measures to be evaluated listed in Table 3 are collected into a technical scheme of a pruning target task based on fruit tree photosynthetic yield and pruning allocation after being evaluated.

Other numerous technical measures not evaluated herein are available to those skilled in the art, and the evaluation is performed by using a table analysis model of "bias analysis table for orchard clipping measures to complete clipping target task" by using known prior art, and the clipping solution is reasonably listed, discarded by error, redesigned by bias and evaluated until all of the solution is reasonably available, and the obtained clipping technical solution capable of completing the clipping target task is as shown in table 6.

TABLE 6

Before or during the trimming operation, if technical measures are changed or new trimming measures are added, the deviation mismatching is evaluated according to the patterns of the tables 4 and 5 until a reasonable executable conclusion is obtained, and then the trimming operation is carried out.

Example 2

Pruning scheme for dense planting high-crown high-yield orchard of certain navel orange

As shown in the step of figure 1, in the following,

related indexes of continuous year high yield based on photosynthetic yield and pruning blending are shown in table 1

And (3) orchard investigation: the garden is located at the top of a mountain of the country of Chongyi county Lengtan in Jiangxi province, the red soil is flat, the garden is built in 1998, the area is 6 mu, the main garden area is divided into 6 rows, the middle row is 4 meters, the other row spacing is 3 meters, and the plant spacing is 2 meters. In 2016-2019, the annual output is about 9 ten thousand jin, and the yield is stable; in 2020, fruit setting is influenced by late spring coldness, and the yield is 7 ten thousand jin; the yield is measured in 2021 year, 7 months, about 10 ten thousand jin. The main pruning method can be summarized as follows: low dry, about 20 cm; high crown, 3 meters after winter pruning, about 3.4 meters when picking fruits; multiple main branches, about 9 branches per tree; the base angle of the main branches of the base part is extended by 30 degrees, so that the problem of inconvenient management caused by low trunk is solved; the thick and short rod shaft type branch group is cut again, the trimming amount in winter is 25 to 30 percent, and the spring shoot capability of branch shaft hair is kept; the method mainly comprises the step of pruning the small branches which have been obtained in the previous step without pruning the small branches.

Orchard status analysis based on photosynthetic yield and pruning assignment is as in table 7.

TABLE 7

S01 pruning task

(1) The coverage rate after pruning is controlled to be below 75 percent, and the orchard is ventilated and light-transmitting.

(2) After pruning, the height of the tree is controlled to be about 3 meters, and the quantity of branches on the upper layer is controlled to ensure the lower fruit bearing.

(3) Keeping the branching capability on the thick branch axis.

(4) The upper layer branch quantity is controlled, and the lower part result is ensured.

(5) Maintain the vigor of the middle-jiao and the vigorous tree.

Listing a list of pruning measures, and evaluating the error correction analysis table of the orchard pruning measures to finish the pruning target task to obtain a pruning scheme as shown in table 8:

TABLE 8

Nothing in this specification should be taken as an admission that the prior art is known to those skilled in the art.

The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (3)

1. An evaluation adjustment pruning method based on fruit tree photosynthetic yield and distribution principle is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s01: according to the prior art, the rules, high-yield indexes and requirements based on fruit tree photosynthetic yield and pruning and blending are confirmed;

s02: investigating the photosynthetic yield capacity and the trimming and allocating conditions of the orchard to obtain data or evaluations of internal and external factors influencing the photosynthetic rate of the orchard, a branch and leaf space index representing the total leaf area, the branch and bud condition and the like;

s03: comparing the data or evaluation obtained in the step S02 with the fruit tree photosynthetic yield and trimming and blending rule, high yield index and requirement in the step S01 to obtain the difference that the high yield of the orchard needs to be compensated by trimming;

s04: according to the difference that the orchard needs to obtain high yield and needs to be made up by pruning in the step S03, a target task for orchard pruning is set based on the fruit tree photosynthetic yield and the pruning and allocation principle; according to the target task, making a pruning measure to be selected;

s05: dividing the pruning measures to be selected in the step S04 into single pruning measures, and evaluating whether the pruning target task can be completed or not respectively according to the standard, so as to obtain an evaluation conclusion in the aspects of reasonable implementation, error abandonment and deviation correction; listing the single pruning measure with the evaluation conclusion of reasonable implementable into a pruning scheme, abandoning and deleting the single pruning measure with the evaluation conclusion of error abandoning, redesigning the single pruning measure with the evaluation conclusion of deviation correcting, and evaluating according to the standard of whether the pruning target task can be completed or not until the conclusion of the single pruning measure is reasonable implementable;

s06: and (4) collecting and finishing all the evaluation conclusions finally obtained in the step (S05) as 'reasonably implementable' pruning measures to form an evaluation adjustment pruning technical scheme.

2. The fruit tree photosynthetic yield and distribution principle-based evaluation adjustment pruning method according to claim 1, wherein the step S05 further comprises listing the pruning measures to be selected to prepare a single evaluation.

3. The fruit tree photosynthetic yield and distribution principle-based evaluation and adjustment pruning method according to claim 2, wherein,

the evaluation method described in step S05 specifically includes:

(a) obtaining a tree body reaction result in the aspect of finishing the pruning target task by adopting a hypothetical implementation method for the pruning measures to be selected;

(b) evaluating the tree body reaction result obtained in the step (a) by taking whether the pruning target task can be completed as a standard: the method can complete the selected pruning measures corresponding to the pruning target task, and the evaluation conclusion is reasonable and practicable; assuming that the tree pruning reaction result obtained by implementation is opposite to the target task, and the evaluation conclusion is 'error is required to be abandoned'; assuming that the tree pruning reaction result obtained by implementation is that the tree pruning reaction result is a target task but has defects to be improved, the evaluation conclusion is that the tree pruning reaction result is 'deviation to be corrected'.

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