CN113668253A - 一种相变储能建筑用涂层面料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种相变储能建筑用涂层面料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN113668253A
CN113668253A CN202110974412.5A CN202110974412A CN113668253A CN 113668253 A CN113668253 A CN 113668253A CN 202110974412 A CN202110974412 A CN 202110974412A CN 113668253 A CN113668253 A CN 113668253A
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李坚
王建明
邹志
徐超
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Zhejiang Xidamen New Material Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种相变储能建筑用涂层面料，依次包括相变面料、中间发泡层以及相变涂层；所述相变面料为经整理液浸轧的面料，所述整理液中添加有相变材料微胶囊A；所述相变涂层包含相变材料微胶囊B。本发明通过在相变面料和相变涂层中采用不同相变温度的相变材料，并通过中间发泡层起到隔热和相对隔离的作用，使得相变面料和相变涂层能够分别针对室内温度和室外温度进行相变储能，从而降低建筑能耗，减少碳排放。

Description

一种相变储能建筑用涂层面料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑装修或遮阳材料技术领域，具体涉及一种相变储 能建筑用涂层面料及其制备方法。
背景技术
中国是一个建筑大国，每年新建房屋面积高达17-18亿平方米， 超过所有发达国家每年建成建筑面积的总和。随着社会发展，建设事 业迅猛发展，建筑能耗迅速增长。所谓建筑能耗指建筑使用能耗，包 括采暖、空调、热水供应、照明、炊事、家用电器、电梯等方面的能 耗。其中采暖、空调能耗约占60％～70％。中国既有的近400亿平方米 建筑，仅有1％为节能建筑，其余无论从建筑围护结构还是采暖空调 系统来衡量，均属于高耗能建筑。单位面积采暖所耗能源相当于纬度 相近的发达国家的2～3倍。这是由于中国的建筑围护结构保温隔热性 能差，采暖用能的2/3白白流失消耗。而每年的新建建筑中真正称得 上“节能建筑”的还不足1亿平方米，建筑耗能总量在中国能源消费 总量中的份额已超过27％，逐渐接近三成。
建筑节能，在发达国家最初为减少建筑中能量的散失，普遍称为 “提高建筑中的能源利用率”，在保证提高建筑舒适性的条件下，合 理使用能源，不断提高能源利用效率。
目前已有采用相变储能材料用来减少建筑中能量散失，通常认为， 物质的存在有三种形态——固态，液态和气态。物质从一种状态变到 另一种状态叫相变。相变的形式有以下四种：(1)固—液相变；(2) 液—汽相变；(3)固—汽(4)固-固相变。相变过程伴有能量的吸收 或释放，于是可以利用相变过程中能量的吸收和释放的现象，采用相 变材料来存储能量。一般而言，储热相变材料根据化学成分通常分为： 有机类和无机类；根据相变温度通常分为：低温、中温和高温相变储 能材料，可根据需要选择不同相变温度的相变材料。
然而在实际使用过程中，室内为了将温度保持在人体舒适温度， 一般需要保持在17-26℃，而室外温度在不同的季节温度变化较大， 难以采用一种能够兼顾室内和室外温度的相变材料，并且墙体本身的 热传导性能较佳，使得现有的相变材料在建筑节能方面的表现不佳。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种相变储能建筑用涂层面料及其制备 方法，通过相对隔离的两种不同的相变材料，有效提升建筑节能指标。
为达成上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：一种相变储能建筑 用涂层面料，依次包括相变面料、中间发泡层以及相变涂层；所述相 变面料为经整理液浸轧的面料，所述整理液中添加有相变材料微胶囊 A；所述相变涂层包含相变材料微胶囊B。
作为优选，所述整理液按重量份计包括如下组分：
Figure BDA0003226793800000021
Figure BDA0003226793800000031
作为优选，所述阻燃剂为磷酸三苯酯、三氧化二锑中的一种；所 述分散剂为甲基戊醇、纤维素衍生物中的一种。
作为优选，所述中间发泡层的原料按重量份计包括如下组分：
Figure BDA0003226793800000032
作为优选，所述相变涂层的原料按重量份计包括如下组分：
Figure BDA0003226793800000041
作为优选，所述相变材料微胶囊A和相变材料微胶囊B分别为直 链烷烃类相变材料；所述相变面料中相变材料相变温度为24±3℃； 所述相变涂层中相变材料相变温度为20-36℃。
上述的一种相变储能建筑用涂层面料的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
S1、称取原料制备整理液，将面料基层放入整理液中进行浸轧， 然后干燥后得到相变面料；
S2、称取中间发泡层的原料混合搅拌，均匀涂覆于相变面料的非 室内侧，然后发泡、烘燥，形成中间发泡层；
S3、称取相变涂层的原料混合搅拌，均匀涂覆于中间发泡层远离 相变面料的一侧，然后烘燥，形成相变涂层。
进一步地，所述步骤S1中，浸轧工艺为一浸一轧，轧余率为60％-70％；干燥操作包括100-120℃烘干1-2min和180-210℃焙烘 1-2min。
进一步地，所述步骤S2中，发泡操作的通气发泡密度： 0.15-0.2g/cm3，黏度：20-25Pa.s，ph值：8-8.5；烘燥操作包括80-90℃ 预烘2min和130-150℃焙烘3min，车速10-30m/min。
进一步地，所述步骤S3中，烘燥操作包括100-105℃预烘1min 和125-130℃焙烘2.5min，车速10-30m/min。
本发明与现有技术相对比，其有益效果在于：本发明通过在相变 面料和相变涂层中采用不同相变温度的相变材料，并通过中间发泡层 起到隔热和相对隔离的作用，使得相变面料和相变涂层能够分别针对 室内温度和室外温度进行相变储能、释放能量，从而降低建筑能耗， 减少碳排放。
附图说明
图1是本发明的相变储能建筑用涂层面料结构示意图。
图中：1、相变面料；2、中间发泡层；3、相变涂层；4、墙体。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，下面通过 实施例并结合附图，对本发明作进一步具体的说明。
参照图1，本发明的一种相变储能建筑用涂层面料依次包括相变 面料、中间发泡层以及相变涂层，其中相变面料和相变涂层中分别添 加有不同相变温度的相变材料，相变面料中添加有相变材料微胶囊A， 相变涂层中添加有相变材料微胶囊B，相变材料微胶囊A和相变材料 微胶囊B采用具有不同相变温度的相变材料，分别针对室内和室外的 应用。中间发泡层起到隔热和相对隔离的作用。本发明的涂层面料可 用作建筑装修材料，如墙布，也可用作建筑遮阳材料，如卷帘。
本发明的下述实施例中相变材料优选为石蜡，石蜡是目前使用最 多的有机储能相变材料，这类储能材料的优点是：固体成型好、不易 发生相分离及过冷现象、腐蚀性较小、性能稳定、无毒、无腐浊性、 价格便宜；缺点是：导热系数小，因此在使用时可加入铝粉、铜粉等 导热系数高的金属粉末来弥补导热系数小的缺陷。
石蜡主要由直链烷烃混合而成，可用通式CnH2n+2表示，短链烷烃 熔点较低，但链增长熔点开始增长较快，而后逐渐减慢。随着链的增 长，烷烃的熔解热也增大，由于空间的影响，奇数和偶数碳原子的烷 烃有所不同，偶数碳原子烷烃的同系物有较高的熔解热，链更长时熔 解热趋于相等。在C7H16以上的奇数烷烃和在C20H44以上的偶数烷烃在 一定温度范围内会产生两次相变：
(1)低温的固-固转变，它是链围绕长轴旋转形成的；
(2)高温的固-液相变，总潜热接近溶解热，它被看作贮热中可 利用的热能。这样就会使石蜡具有较高的相变潜热。
因此本发明的下属实施例中，相变材料微胶囊A和相变材料微胶 囊B分别可以选择C7H16以上的奇数烷烃和C20H44以上的偶数烷烃中的 多种直链烷烃复合而成，并根据需要进行不同配置实现不同的相变温 度。
具体而言，由于室内人体舒适温度在不同地域的差别不大，因此 相变材料微胶囊A采用相变温度为24±3℃的相变石蜡；而室外温度 在不同国家、地区差别较大，因此相变材料微胶囊A的相变温度需要 根据当地常年的平均温度来适当调整，制造出适合当地建筑的相变涂 层。
不同相变温度的相变石蜡可直接自市场上购得，目前市场上能够 提供的相变石蜡使用温度范围从-20℃到125℃不等，完全能够满足 本发明的使用需求。例如中佳新材料科技有限公司在售的产品型号为 ZJ-x的相变石蜡、SASOL公司在售的产品型号为RT-x的相变石蜡、 IGI公司在售的产品型号为ASTORPHASEx的相变石蜡等。
实施例1
S1、分别称取各原料，配置成整理液，配置的整理液按重量份计 组分如下：
Figure BDA0003226793800000071
Figure BDA0003226793800000081
将面料基层放入整理液中进行一浸一轧，轧余率为70％；然后110℃ 烘干2min，200℃焙烘2min，得到相变面料；
S2、分别称取中间发泡层的各原料，中间发泡层的原料按重量份 计包括如下组分：
Figure BDA0003226793800000082
将上述原料充分混合、搅拌均匀后，用刮浆刀均匀涂覆于相变面 料的非室内侧，然后进行发泡，通气发泡密度：0.15-0.2g/cm3，黏 度：20-25Pa.s，ph值：8-8.5；接着进行烘燥，80-90℃预烘2min， 130-150℃焙烘3min，车速10-30m/min；
S3、分别称取相变涂层的各原料，相变涂层的原料按重量份计包 括如下组分：
Figure BDA0003226793800000091
将上述原料充分混合、搅拌均匀，搅拌转速17000转/分，粘度 6500apm.s；然后将其用刮浆刀均匀涂覆于中间发泡层远离相变面料 的一侧，再进行烘燥，100-105℃预烘1min，125-130℃焙烘2.5min， 车速10-30m/min，制得成品。
本实施例中，相变面料中相变材料相变温度为21℃，相变涂层 中相变材料相变温度为20℃。
实施例2
S1、分别称取各原料，配置成整理液，配置的整理液按重量份计 组分如下：
Figure BDA0003226793800000092
Figure BDA0003226793800000101
将面料基层放入整理液中进行一浸一轧，轧余率为70％；然后110℃ 烘干2min，200℃焙烘2min，得到相变面料；
S2、分别称取中间发泡层的各原料，中间发泡层的原料按重量份 计包括如下组分：
Figure BDA0003226793800000102
Figure BDA0003226793800000111
将上述原料充分混合、搅拌均匀后，用刮浆刀均匀涂覆于相变面 料的非室内侧，然后进行发泡，通气发泡密度：0.15-0.2g/cm3，黏 度：20-25Pa.s，ph值：8-8.5；接着进行烘燥，80-90℃预烘2min， 130-150℃焙烘3min，车速10-30m/min；
S3、分别称取相变涂层的各原料，相变涂层的原料按重量份计包 括如下组分：
Figure BDA0003226793800000112
将上述充分混合、原料搅拌均匀，搅拌转速17000转/分，粘度6500apm.s；然后将其用刮浆刀均匀涂覆于中间发泡层远离相变面料 的一侧，再进行烘燥，100-105℃预烘1min，125-130℃焙烘2.5min， 车速10-30m/min，制得成品。
本实施例中，相变面料中相变材料相变温度为23℃，相变涂层 中相变材料相变温度为28℃。
实施例3
S1、分别称取各原料，配置成整理液，配置的整理液按重量份计 组分如下：
Figure BDA0003226793800000121
将面料基层放入整理液中进行一浸一轧，轧余率为70％；然后110℃ 烘干2min，200℃焙烘2min，得到相变面料；
S2、分别称取中间发泡层的各原料，中间发泡层的原料按重量份 计包括如下组分：
Figure BDA0003226793800000131
将上述原料充分混合、搅拌均匀后，用刮浆刀均匀涂覆于相变面 料的非室内侧，然后进行发泡，通气发泡密度：0.15-0.2g/cm3，黏 度：20-25Pa.s，ph值：8-8.5；接着进行烘燥，80-90℃预烘2min， 130-150℃焙烘3min，车速10-30m/min；
S3、分别称取相变涂层的各原料，相变涂层的原料按重量份计包 括如下组分：
Figure BDA0003226793800000132
Figure BDA0003226793800000141
将上述原料充分混合、搅拌均匀，搅拌转速17000转/分，粘度 6500apm.s；然后将其用刮浆刀均匀涂覆于中间发泡层远离相变面料 的一侧，再进行烘燥，100-105℃预烘1min，125-130℃焙烘2.5min， 车速10-30m/min，制得成品。
本实施例中，相变面料中相变材料相变温度为26℃，相变涂层 中相变材料相变温度为35℃。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟 悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限 制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰， 都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种相变储能建筑用涂层面料，其特征在于，依次包括相变面料、中间发泡层以及相变涂层；所述相变面料为经整理液浸轧的面料，所述整理液中添加有相变材料微胶囊A；所述相变涂层包含相变材料微胶囊B。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种相变储能建筑用涂层面料，其特征在于，所述整理液按重量份计包括如下组分：
Figure FDA0003226793790000011
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种相变储能建筑用涂层面料，其特征在于，所述阻燃剂为磷酸三苯酯、三氧化二锑中的一种；所述分散剂为甲基戊醇、纤维素衍生物中的一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种相变储能建筑用涂层面料，其特征在于，所述中间发泡层的原料按重量份计包括如下组分：
Figure FDA0003226793790000021
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种相变储能建筑用涂层面料，其特征在于，所述相变涂层的原料按重量份计包括如下组分：
Figure FDA0003226793790000022
Figure FDA0003226793790000031
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种相变储能建筑用涂层面料，其特征在于，所述相变材料微胶囊A和相变材料微胶囊B分别为直链烷烃类相变材料；所述相变面料中相变材料相变温度为24±3℃；所述相变涂层中相变材料相变温度为20-36℃。
7.如权利要求1-6任意一项所述的一种相变储能建筑用涂层面料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
S1、称取原料制备整理液，将面料基层放入整理液中进行浸轧，然后干燥后得到相变面料；
S2、称取中间发泡层的原料混合搅拌，均匀涂覆于相变面料的非室内侧，然后发泡、烘燥，形成中间发泡层；
S3、称取相变涂层的原料混合搅拌，均匀涂覆于中间发泡层远离相变面料的一侧，然后烘燥，形成相变涂层。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种相变储能建筑用涂层面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S1中，浸轧工艺为一浸一轧，轧余率为60％-70％；干燥操作包括100-120℃烘干1-2min和180-210℃焙烘1-2min。
9.根据权利要求7所述的一种相变储能建筑用涂层面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S2中，发泡操作的通气发泡密度：0.15-0.2g/cm3，黏度：20-25Pa.s，ph值：8-8.5；烘燥操作包括80-90℃预烘2min和130-150℃焙烘3min，车速10-30m/min。
10.根据权利要求7所述的一种相变储能建筑用涂层面料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S3中，烘燥操作包括100-105℃预烘1min和125-130℃焙烘2.5min，车速10-30m/min。
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