CN113655200A - Soil heavy metal migration simulation soil column rainfall leaching experimental device and experimental method - Google Patents
Soil heavy metal migration simulation soil column rainfall leaching experimental device and experimental method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113655200A CN113655200A CN202110917133.5A CN202110917133A CN113655200A CN 113655200 A CN113655200 A CN 113655200A CN 202110917133 A CN202110917133 A CN 202110917133A CN 113655200 A CN113655200 A CN 113655200A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 title abstract description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002627 tracheal intubation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention relates to a soil-column rainfall leaching experimental device and an experimental method for simulating heavy metal migration of soil, wherein the experimental device consists of a rainfall leaching simulation device, a detachable soil-column device and a leachate collecting device; the detachable soil column device comprises a base and a hollow circular tube vertically connected with three sections of flanges, two horizontal insertion tubes arranged on the outer circumferences of the hollow circular tube at the bottom and the middle part are respectively connected with a water outlet valve, an overflow pipe is arranged on the hollow circular tube at the top, and the overflow pipe and the four water valves are respectively connected with a leachate collecting device through flow guide pipes; the lower surface of the hollow circular tube at the bottom is seated on the base, the permeable gauze is arranged at the through hole of the base, and the through hole is connected with the leachate collecting device. The experimental device can be used for carrying out a migration simulation experiment of the heavy metal pollutants in the tailing pond, analyzing the longitudinal migration rule and the seepage rule of the heavy metal pollutants, simulating the artificial rainfall environment and the surface soil vegetation condition, carrying out a soil column rainfall leaching model experiment, and researching the longitudinal migration of the heavy metal pollutants in the phytoremediation tailing dam.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a soil column rainfall leaching experimental device and method for simulating soil heavy metal migration, and belongs to the technical field of mine environment protection simulation research.
Background
Heavy metal pollution in the soil of the tailing pond has enrichment and accumulation properties, and the production and living environment and the body health of human beings are seriously threatened. Tailings generated by metal mines are an important source of heavy metal pollution, so that the method has great significance in analysis and comprehensive research on longitudinal migration of heavy metal pollutants in a tailing pond. Traditional tailing storehouse eluviation experiment analogue means produces the dominant flow easily at the experiment simulation in-process, influences experiment leaching effect, can't avoid appearing the dominant flow problem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a soil column rainfall leaching experimental device for simulating soil heavy metal migration, which can be used for carrying out a tailing pond heavy metal pollutant migration simulation experiment, analyzing the longitudinal migration rule and the seepage rule of heavy metal pollutants, simulating an artificial rainfall environment and surface soil vegetation conditions, carrying out a soil column rainfall leaching model experiment and researching the longitudinal migration of heavy metal pollutants of a phytoremediation tailing dam.
In order to solve the above problems, the specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a soil-column rainfall leaching experimental device for simulating soil heavy metal migration is composed of a rainfall leaching simulating device, a detachable soil-column device and a leachate collecting device; the detachable soil column device comprises a base and a hollow circular tube vertically connected with three sections of flanges, two horizontal insertion tubes which are parallel and communicated with the inner cavity are respectively arranged on the outer circumferences of the hollow circular tube at the bottom and the middle part, a water outlet valve is connected to the water outlet of the horizontal insertion tube, a horizontal overflow pipe is arranged on the outer circumference of the upper end of the hollow circular tube at the top, and the overflow pipe and the four water valves are respectively connected with a leachate collecting device through flow guide pipes; the lower surface of the hollow circular tube at the bottom is seated on the base, the base is provided with a through hole, the through hole is provided with a permeable gauze, the permeable gauze covers the lower end of the hollow circular tube at the bottom, and the through hole is connected with a leachate collecting device through a pipeline.
The horizontal insertion tube is inserted into the inner cavity of the hollow round tube by 50-80 mm, and the inner end part of the horizontal insertion tube is wrapped with a stainless steel woven filter screen.
The leachate collecting device consists of six liquid measuring cups with covers, and the upper covers of the liquid measuring cups are connected with the flow guide pipes.
The rainfall imitation leaching device structure comprises a water source connected with one end of an acid and alkali resistant water tank through a large-flow peristaltic pump, a large panel water spraying shower connected with the other end of the acid and alkali resistant water tank through a PVC pipe, and the large panel water spraying shower positioned right above a detachable soil column device; the glass rotameter is connected to the PVC pipe.
The experimental method for simulating the soil heavy metal migration by adopting the experimental device comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a plurality of detachable earth pillar devices: before soil is filled, gravel with the thickness of 10 cm is uniformly filled at the bottom of the soil column, and permeable gauze is laid; then the sequence of tailing soil, loess-tailing composite soil and loess is filled by 40 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm respectively from bottom to top in the total height of the three hollow round pipes, wherein the loess-tailing composite soil is 1 according to the loess and the tailing soil: 1, mixing and preparing; finally, arranging turf on the upper surface of the loess;
2) soil column leaching experiments under different pH rainfall conditions: controlling the hardness of leachate to be unchanged, sequentially designing the pH value of rainfall to be 4.7, 5.4, 5.6, 7 and 7.7, setting the rainfall leaching amount to be 20L, controlling the flow to be 200 mL/min by controlling the rotating speed of a high-flow peristaltic pump, wherein the rainfall lasts for 100 min, collecting leachate of horizontal intubation tubes at different positions by adopting a leachate collecting device, and researching the longitudinal migration rule of heavy metal pollutants under different pH rainfall conditions by taking pH =7 as a reference;
3) soil column leaching experiments under different hardness rainfall conditions: controlling the pH value of the leachate to be unchanged, preparing leacheate with the total hardness of 150 mg/L, 300 mg/L, 450 mg/L and 550 mg/L, setting one leacheate as a contrast of distilled water, setting the rainfall leaching amount to be 20L, controlling the flow to be 200 mL/min by controlling the rotating speed of a high-flow peristaltic pump, wherein the rainfall lasts for 100 min, and researching the longitudinal migration rule of heavy metal pollutants under the rainfall condition with different hardness;
4) soil column leaching experiments under different rainfall durations and rainfall intensity conditions: the leachate is adopted as distilled water, the pH and hardness of the leachate are controlled to be unchanged, the rainfall leaching amount is set to be 20L, the flow rates of the leachate are respectively controlled to be 20 mL/min, 50 mL/min, 100 mL/min and 200 mL/min by controlling the rotating speed of a high-flow peristaltic pump, the corresponding rainfall durations are respectively 1000 min, 400 min, 200 min and 100 min, and the longitudinal migration rule of heavy metal pollutants under different rainfall durations and rainfall intensity conditions is researched.
The soil heavy metal migration simulated soil column rainfall eluviation experimental device simulates the environment of the nature, simulates artificial rainfall environment and surface plant conditions, is used for longitudinal migration model experiments of heavy metal pollutants in the tailing pond, researches the longitudinal migration rule and seepage rule of heavy metal in the tailing pond through phytoremediation, provides an idea for researching the longitudinal migration of the heavy metal pollutants in the tailing pond, and provides a scientific basis for environmental geological evaluation and pollution prediction prevention and control of the tailing pond.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an experimental device for soil heavy metal migration simulation of soil column rainfall eluviation.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a detachable earth pillar device.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, a soil heavy metal migration simulation soil column rainfall leaching experimental device is composed of a rainfall imitation leaching device 1, a detachable soil column device 2 and a leachate collecting device 3; the detachable soil column device 2 comprises a base 25 and a hollow circular tube 21 vertically connected with three sections of flanges, two horizontal insertion tubes 22 which are parallel and communicated with an inner cavity are respectively arranged on the outer circumferences of the hollow circular tube 21 at the bottom and the middle part, a water outlet of each horizontal insertion tube 22 is connected with a water outlet valve 23, a horizontal overflow pipe 24 is arranged on the outer circumference of the upper end of the hollow circular tube 21 at the top, the overflow pipe 24 and the four water valves 23 are respectively connected with a leachate collecting device 3 through flow guide pipes, the water outlets of the four horizontal insertion tubes 22 are used for collecting leachate, and the overflow pipe is used for simulating surface runoff and collecting overflow liquid; the lower surface of the hollow round tube 21 at the bottom is seated on the base 25, a through hole is arranged on the base 25, a water permeable gauze 26 is arranged at the through hole, the water permeable gauze 26 covers the lower end of the hollow round tube 21 at the bottom, and the through hole is connected with the leachate collecting device 3 through a pipeline.
In order to prevent the occurrence of dominant flow, the horizontal insertion tube 22 is inserted into the inner cavity of the hollow circular tube 21 by 50-80 mm, the inner end part of the horizontal insertion tube is wrapped by the stainless steel woven filter screen 27, the aperture size of the mesh is 0.425 mm, and the mesh number is 40 meshes, so that broken stones can be blocked to prevent the bottom water outlet from being blocked.
The leachate collecting device 3 consists of six liquid measuring cups 31 with covers, the upper covers of the liquid measuring cups 31 are connected with the flow guide pipes, and the longitudinal migration of heavy metal pollutants is judged according to the content of heavy metals in the liquid measuring cups.
The structure of the rainfall simulation leaching device 1 comprises that one end of an acid-base resistant water tank 11 is connected with a water source through a large-flow peristaltic pump 12, the other end of the acid-base resistant water tank is connected with a large panel water spray shower 14 through a PVC pipe 13, and the large panel water spray shower 14 is positioned right above a detachable soil column device 2; a glass rotameter 15 is connected to the PVC pipe 13.
The experimental method for simulating the migration of the heavy metals in the soil by adopting the experimental device comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a plurality of detachable earth pillar devices: before soil is filled, gravel with the thickness of 10 cm is uniformly filled at the bottom of the soil column, and permeable gauze is laid; then the sequence of tailing soil, loess-tailing composite soil and loess is filled by 40 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm respectively from bottom to top in the total height of the three hollow round tubes 21, wherein the loess-tailing composite soil is 1 according to the loess and the tailing soil: 1, mixing and preparing; finally, arranging turf on the upper surface of the loess;
2) soil column leaching experiments under different pH rainfall conditions: controlling the hardness of leachate to be unchanged, sequentially designing the pH value of rainfall to be 4.7, 5.4, 5.6, 7 and 7.7, setting the rainfall leaching amount to be 20L, controlling the flow to be 200 mL/min by controlling the rotating speed of a high-flow peristaltic pump, collecting leachate of horizontal intubation tubes 22 at different positions by adopting a leachate collecting device, and researching the longitudinal migration rule of heavy metal pollutants under different pH rainfall conditions by taking pH =7 as a reference, wherein the rainfall lasts for 100 min;
3) soil column leaching experiments under different hardness rainfall conditions: controlling the pH value of the leachate to be unchanged, preparing leacheate with the total hardness of 150 mg/L, 300 mg/L, 450 mg/L and 550 mg/L, setting one leacheate as a contrast of distilled water, setting the rainfall leaching amount to be 20L, controlling the flow to be 200 mL/min by controlling the rotating speed of a high-flow peristaltic pump, wherein the rainfall lasts for 100 min, and researching the longitudinal migration rule of heavy metal pollutants under the rainfall condition with different hardness;
4) soil column leaching experiments under different rainfall durations and rainfall intensity conditions: the leachate is adopted as distilled water, the pH and hardness of the leachate are controlled to be unchanged, the rainfall leaching amount is set to be 20L, the flow rates of the leachate are respectively controlled to be 20 mL/min, 50 mL/min, 100 mL/min and 200 mL/min by controlling the rotating speed of a high-flow peristaltic pump, the corresponding rainfall durations are respectively 1000 min, 400 min, 200 min and 100 min, and the longitudinal migration rule of heavy metal pollutants under different rainfall durations and rainfall intensity conditions is researched.
Claims (5)
1. A soil heavy metal migration simulated soil column rainfall leaching experimental device and an experimental method are characterized in that: the device consists of a rainfall imitation leaching device (1), a detachable earth pillar device (2) and a leachate collecting device (3); the detachable soil column device (2) comprises a base (25) and three hollow circular pipes (21) which are vertically connected through flanges, two horizontal inserting pipes (22) which are parallel to each other and communicated with the inner cavity are respectively arranged on the outer circumferences of the hollow circular pipes (21) at the bottom and the middle part, a water outlet of each horizontal inserting pipe (22) is connected with a water outlet valve (23), a horizontal overflow pipe (24) is arranged on the outer circumference of the upper end of the hollow circular pipe (21) at the top, and the overflow pipe (24) and the four water valves (23) are respectively connected with a leachate collecting device (3) through flow guide pipes; the lower surface of the hollow round tube (21) at the bottom is seated on the base (25), a through hole is arranged on the base (25), a water permeable gauze (26) is arranged at the through hole, the water permeable gauze (26) covers the lower end of the hollow round tube (21) at the bottom, and the through hole is connected with the leachate collecting device (3) through a pipeline.
2. The soil heavy metal migration simulated soil column rainfall eluviation experimental apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that: the horizontal insertion tube (22) is inserted into the inner cavity of the hollow round tube (21) by 50-80 mm, and the inner end part of the horizontal insertion tube is wrapped by the stainless steel woven filter screen (27).
3. The soil heavy metal migration simulated soil column rainfall eluviation experimental apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that: the leachate collecting device (3) consists of six liquid measuring cups (31) with covers, and the upper covers of the liquid measuring cups (31) are connected with the flow guide pipes.
4. The soil heavy metal migration simulated soil column rainfall eluviation experimental apparatus of claim 1, characterized in that: the rainfall imitation leaching device (1) structurally comprises an acid and alkali resistant water tank (11), wherein one end of the acid and alkali resistant water tank is connected with a water source through a large-flow peristaltic pump (12), the other end of the acid and alkali resistant water tank is connected with a large panel water spraying shower head (14) through a PVC pipe (13), and the large panel water spraying shower head (14) is positioned right above a detachable soil column device (2); a glass rotameter (15) is connected to the PVC pipe (13).
5. An experimental method for simulating soil heavy metal migration by using the experimental device as claimed in claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing a plurality of detachable earth pillar devices: before soil is filled, gravel with the thickness of 10 cm is uniformly filled at the bottom of the soil column, and permeable gauze is laid; then the sequence of the tailing soil, the loess-tailing composite soil and the loess is filled by 40 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm respectively from bottom to top in the total height of the three hollow round tubes (21), wherein the loess-tailing composite soil is 1 according to the loess and the tailing soil: 1, mixing and preparing; finally, arranging turf on the upper surface of the loess;
2) soil column leaching experiments under different pH rainfall conditions: controlling the hardness of leachate to be unchanged, sequentially designing the pH value of rainfall to be 4.7, 5.4, 5.6, 7 and 7.7, setting the rainfall leaching amount to be 20L, controlling the flow to be 200 mL/min by controlling the rotating speed of a high-flow peristaltic pump, wherein the rainfall lasts for 100 min, collecting leachate of horizontal intubation tubes (22) at different positions by adopting a leachate collecting device, and researching the longitudinal migration rule of heavy metal pollutants under the rainfall condition with different pH values by taking pH =7 as a reference;
3) soil column leaching experiments under different hardness rainfall conditions: controlling the pH value of the leachate to be unchanged, preparing leacheate with the total hardness of 150 mg/L, 300 mg/L, 450 mg/L and 550 mg/L, setting one leacheate as a contrast of distilled water, setting the rainfall leaching amount to be 20L, controlling the flow to be 200 mL/min by controlling the rotating speed of a high-flow peristaltic pump, wherein the rainfall lasts for 100 min, and researching the longitudinal migration rule of heavy metal pollutants under the rainfall condition with different hardness;
4) soil column leaching experiments under different rainfall durations and rainfall intensity conditions: the leachate is adopted as distilled water, the pH and hardness of the leachate are controlled to be unchanged, the rainfall leaching amount is set to be 20L, the flow rates of the leachate are respectively controlled to be 20 mL/min, 50 mL/min, 100 mL/min and 200 mL/min by controlling the rotating speed of a high-flow peristaltic pump, the corresponding rainfall durations are respectively 1000 min, 400 min, 200 min and 100 min, and the longitudinal migration rule of heavy metal pollutants under different rainfall durations and rainfall intensity conditions is researched.
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Cited By (3)
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| CN115060810A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-09-16 | 南开大学 | Method for determining colloid release in soil of polluted site |
| CN115493974A (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2022-12-20 | 山东大学 | Device for simulating water and salt migration of coastal saline-alkali roadbed soil under complex conditions |
| CN116359100A (en) * | 2023-05-09 | 2023-06-30 | 东北林业大学 | Device and method for simulating change and migration of granular soil under rainfall effect |
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