CN113648946A - 安全性多孔镍的生产装置及方法 - Google Patents
安全性多孔镍的生产装置及方法 Download PDFInfo
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 18
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 13
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- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明提供一种安全性多孔镍的生产装置及其生产方法,包括反应器,氮气瓶、碱液存储罐、水箱和缓冲罐,所述碱液存储罐和水箱分别通过管道与缓冲罐连接,所述缓冲罐与所述反应器内的喷雾器连接,所述反应器的喷雾器还连接有所述氮气瓶,所述水箱还通过管道绕过缓冲罐与所述反应器内的喷雾器连接,所述反应器底部的排水管道的一个支路与所述缓冲罐连通。本发明能够实现稳定浓度的碱液循环,提高催化剂生产相剥离的均匀性,提升催化剂产品的催化性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于新材料制备技术领域,涉及一种安全性多孔镍催化剂的生产装置及方法。
背景技术
工业雷尼镍(Raney Ni)催化剂,因其活性高,价格低,而被广泛应用于各类催化反应中,但是也存在安全操作隐患,在空气中易自燃,因此开发安全性多孔镍催化剂至关重要。基于这一问题,发明人研究并公开了一种安全性多孔镍催化剂,该催化剂在众多反应中,均表现出明显优于传统雷尼镍的性能。
传统雷尼镍催化剂的生产均在反应釜中进行,使用的碱浓度较高,抽提过程中瞬间产生的热量以及放出的氢气量较大,存在一定的安全隐患。同时为了避免过热或者氢气量过大,通常将合金前体缓慢的加入到碱液中,这样就很难保证所得的催化剂结构完全一致,因为抽提的时间长短及碱液浓度均对催化剂的结构有一定的影响。为了尽量保证抽提时间一致,专利CN207709056U公开了一种雷尼镍生产装置,该装置的反应釜上连接碱液存储罐,通过碱液滴加的方式,缓慢加入碱液,这样能尽量保证抽提时间一样,但是仍然无法保证整个抽提过程中碱浓度一致,从而影响催化剂的结构,同时由于使用的碱浓度高,也无法避免过热的情况。此外经过碱抽提后,需要附加的过滤装置来回收催化剂,增加了工艺的复杂程度,同时增加了催化剂接触空气的风险性。
安全多孔镍的生产过程中,相剥离采用的碱浓度较低,可以避免过热和瞬间氢气量过大的问题,然而采用传统的工艺,其生产效率较低。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术存在的上述问题,提供一种安全性多孔镍的生产装置及方法,设备简单,操作安全,生产效率高,易于工业放大,废水少,相剥离与催化剂分离耦合,降低生产成本,同时该设备方法也适用于雷尼镍的生产。
本发明的安全性多孔镍的生产装置,包括反应器,氮气瓶、碱液存储罐、水箱和缓冲罐,所述碱液存储罐和水箱分别通过管道与缓冲罐连接,所述缓冲罐与所述反应器内的喷雾器连接,所述反应器的喷雾器还连接有所述氮气瓶,所述水箱还通过管道绕过缓冲罐与所述反应器内的喷雾器连接,所述反应器底部的排水管道的一个支路与所述缓冲罐连通。
通过上述设置,使得多孔镍催化剂制备过程中,碱液存储罐和水箱内的液体可以首先进入缓冲罐内进行混合,并形成持续稳定浓度的碱液,碱液和氮气瓶中的氮气可以经由喷雾器共同雾化喷出,与多孔镍均匀混合,同时反应过程中的碱液可以经由排水管道的支路再次循环进入缓冲罐,并在缓冲罐内得以通过补充碱液或者水的形式调整浓度,从而再次进入反应器内进行循环反应,直至反应完成。反应完成后的废液可以经由排水管道的主路另行排出系统之外。反应结束后,还可以将水箱内的水直接通入反应器内对多孔镍催化剂进行清洗,实现了反应器内的直接清洗操作,简化了转移操作手续。
其中,所述反应器为管式反应器,所述喷雾器位于所述反应器的顶部,所述反应器中部可拆卸固定有用于盛放反应物(多孔镍催化剂合金粉末)的筛板。
其中,所述反应器的喷雾器的进液管道上设有循环泵,用于提供反应过程中碱液的循环动力。
其中,所述缓冲罐内设有搅拌器,所述缓冲罐上还设有pH在线测定仪,所述碱液存储罐和水箱的分别与缓冲罐连通的管道上均设有电磁阀,所述pH在线测定仪通过检测信号分别控制所述电磁阀的开闭。通过pH在线测定仪能够实时监控缓冲罐内的碱液pH值,并分别通过控制电磁阀的开闭实现碱液和水进入缓冲罐内的量,从而保证循环反应过程中碱液的浓度恒定。
其中,所述缓冲罐与所述喷雾器连通的管道上依次设有单向阀、三通阀以及循环泵,所述三通阀的另一通路与所述水箱连通,用于使水箱绕过缓冲罐与所述反应器内的喷雾器连接。
本发明还公开了所述安全性多孔镍生产装置的生产方法,将镍铝原子比为1:20~1:4的合金置于反应器的筛板上,在氮气瓶中氮气气氛保护下,抽取碱液对合金进行碱洗,淋洗后的碱液自排水管道支路回流进入缓冲罐,在缓冲罐中分别经由碱液存储罐和水箱补充需要的液体,维持碱液浓度稳定,并再次被抽取进入反应器进行碱洗,如此循环直至反应完成获得催化剂成品,停止碱液循环,使水箱中的水绕过缓冲罐直接进入反应器对反应完成后的催化剂进行洗涤,废液自排水管道主路排出。
其中,所述碱液中的碱为NaOH、KOH中的一种或两种;碱液浓度为0.01M~1M;碱洗时间为10min~6h,碱液流动速度为6L/h~60L/h;物料(合金)质量(g)/碱液流速(L/h)比例为5~50。
相对于现有技术,本发明的有益效果如下:本发明的装置和方法可实时调节循环碱液pH值,控制反应速率,反应更均匀,提高催化剂生产效率,减少相剥离过程的放热,降低了瞬时氢气的产生量,反应过程安全可控,相剥离与催化剂分离耦合,降低生产成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明安全性多孔镍的生产装置的结构示意图。
图中:1-管式反应器,2-筛板,3-喷雾器,4-氮气瓶,5-碱液存储罐,6-水箱,7-缓冲罐。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图,对本发明做进一步详述。在下文中,如无特殊说明,所述方法均为本领域常规方法,所使用得试剂均可通过商业途径购买获得。
如图1所示,生产安全性多孔镍催化剂的装置,以纯镍、纯铝为原料,经熔炼破碎后,采用循环碱洗的方式进行相剥离,最终得到安全性多孔镍催化剂。
所述合成过程中,纯镍与纯铝的原料原子比例为1:20~1:4;所述相剥离的方法,相剥离在管式反应器中进行,带筛板,在惰性气氛保护下,用循环泵抽取碱液进行碱洗,其中碱为NaOH、KOH中的一种或两种;碱的浓度为0.01M~1M;碱洗时间为10min~6h,碱液流动速度为6L/h~60L/h;物料质量(g)/碱液流速(L/h)比例为5~50。
所述合成过程的装置由管式反应器1,与管式反应器连接的氮气瓶4,碱液存储罐5,水箱6,缓冲罐7和循环泵构成。其中管式反应器顶部设有喷雾器3和气体排空管,中部设有可活动的筛板2,底部设有排水口及出料口,排水口上装有纤维滤水膜,液体循环缓冲罐7内设有搅拌器和pH在线测定仪,通过电磁控制阀调节碱液存储罐5和水箱6的开关维持循环碱液的pH恒定。
所述合成过程为将合金粉末投入反应器置于筛板2上,向反应器中通入氮气,然后设定缓冲罐7内的pH在线测定仪参数,通过电磁阀控制碱液存储罐5和水箱6的阀门,使高浓度碱液和水流入缓冲罐7混合均匀后,被循环泵抽取喷洒进入管式反应器1,碱液流经合金粉末透过筛板2,最后回到缓冲罐7,通过pH在线测定仪监测及电磁阀控制碱液存储罐5和水箱6的阀门补充碱液,来维持循环碱液的pH恒定。待反应结束后,关闭碱液存储罐5的阀门,打开反应器底部的排水阀,将废液直接排出,然后打开水箱阀门,将水泵入反应器清洗多孔镍催化剂,直至溶液中和至中性。最后抽出筛板2,通过反应器底部的出料口取出多孔镍催化剂。
下面以实例形式提供采用本发明装置的循环碱洗法获得的催化剂产品。
按Ni/Al原子比为1:9称取一定量的纯镍和纯铝,炼制成合金,然后破碎成200~400目合金粉末,将一定量合金粉末投入管式反应器1(如图1所示)置于筛板2上,向反应器中冲入氮气,在缓冲罐7中预装一定浓度的NaOH溶液,测定pH值,并设定为恒定值,然后控制碱液存储罐5和水箱6的阀门,使高浓度碱液和水流入缓冲罐7混合均匀后,被循环泵抽取,以一定流速喷洒进入管式反应器1,碱液流经合金粉末透过筛板2,最后回到缓冲罐7,通过pH在线测定仪控制碱液存储罐5和水箱6阀门来维持循环碱液的pH恒定。反应一段时间后,关闭碱液存储罐阀门,打开反应器底部的排水阀,将废液直接排出,然后打开水箱阀门,将水泵入反应器清洗多孔镍催化剂,直至溶液中和至中性。最后抽出筛板2,取出多孔镍催化剂产品。
将以上制备的多孔镍催化剂,直接进行苯乙炔常温常压加氢性能评价,相同条件下,使用传统方法(在反应釜中一次性加入镍铝合金和碱液,持续搅拌进行反应,反应完成后得到多孔镍催化剂产品)得到的安全性多孔镍催化剂(镍铝原子比1:9),苯乙炔转化效率(TOF)为7.4h-1,苯乙烯选择性为91.2%;使用工业液封雷尼镍催化剂,苯乙炔转化率为0.4h-1,苯乙烯选择性为90.1%。具体测试结果如下表1,可见本发明得循环碱液方法能够显著提高催化剂产品得催化性能。
表1
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (7)
1.一种安全性多孔镍的生产装置,包括反应器(1),氮气瓶(4)、碱液存储罐(5)、水箱(6)和缓冲罐(7),所述碱液存储罐(5)和水箱(6)分别通过管道与缓冲罐(7)连接,所述缓冲罐(7)与所述反应器(1)内的喷雾器(3)连接,所述反应器(1)的喷雾器(3)还连接有所述氮气瓶(4),所述水箱(6)还通过管道绕过缓冲罐(7)与所述反应器(1)内的喷雾器(3)连接,所述反应器(1)底部的排水管道的一个支路与所述缓冲罐(7)连通。
2.根据权利要求1所述的安全性多孔镍的生产装置,其特征在于,所述反应器(1)为管式反应器,所述喷雾器(3)位于所述反应器(1)的顶部,所述反应器(1)中部可拆卸固定有用于盛放反应物的筛板(2)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的安全性多孔镍的生产装置,其特征在于,所述反应器(1)的喷雾器(3)的进液管道上设有循环泵,用于提供反应过程中碱液的循环动力。
4.根据权利要求1所述的安全性多孔镍的生产装置,其特征在于,所述缓冲罐(7)内设有搅拌器,所述缓冲罐(7)上还设有pH在线测定仪,所述碱液存储罐(5)和水箱(6)的分别与缓冲罐(7)连通的管道上均设有电磁阀,所述pH在线测定仪通过检测信号分别控制所述电磁阀的开闭。通过pH在线测定仪能够实时监控缓冲罐(7)内的碱液pH值,并分别通过控制电磁阀的开闭实现碱液和水进入缓冲罐(7)内的量。
5.根据权利要求1所述的安全性多孔镍的生产装置,其特征在于,所述缓冲罐(7)与所述喷雾器(3)连通的管道上依次设有单向阀、三通阀以及循环泵,所述三通阀的另一通路与所述水箱(6)连通,用于使水箱(6)绕过缓冲罐(7)与所述反应器(1)内的喷雾器(3)连接。
6.权利要求1-5任一项所述的安全性多孔镍的生产装置的生产方法,将镍铝原子比为1:20~1:4的合金置于反应器(1)的筛板(2)上,在氮气瓶(4)中氮气气氛保护下,抽取碱液对合金进行碱洗,淋洗后的碱液自排水管道支路回流进入缓冲罐(7),在缓冲罐(7)中分别经由碱液存储罐(5)和水箱(6)补充需要的液体,维持碱液浓度稳定,并再次被抽取进入反应器(1)进行碱洗,如此循环直至反应完成获得催化剂成品,停止碱液循环,使水箱(6)中的水绕过缓冲罐(7)直接进入反应器(1)对反应完成后的催化剂进行洗涤,废液自排水管道主路排出。
7.根据权利要求6所述的生产方法,其特征在于,所述碱液中的碱为NaOH、KOH中的一种或两种;碱液浓度为0.01M~1M;碱洗时间为10min~6h,碱液流动速度为6L/h~60L/h;物料质量(g)/碱液流速(L/h)比例为5~50。
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