CN113648357B - 一种中药组合物在制备抗炎药物和/或免疫调节药物中的应用 - Google Patents
一种中药组合物在制备抗炎药物和/或免疫调节药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及中药领域,具体提供了一种中药组合物在制备抗炎药物和/或免疫调节药物中的应用,所述中药组合物是通过临床研究与基础研究反复优化复方中药物组成与含量后获得,方中以苍术为君药,以麻黄、藿香合为臣药。另以射干、山豆根、儿茶、锦灯笼四药共为佐药。最后以甘草为使药。方中苍术化湿,麻黄发汗散寒,藿香温中化湿。射干、山豆根、儿茶、锦灯笼清热利咽,甘草调和诸药,诸药共奏化湿健脾,清热解毒之功,对机体免疫起到积极调节作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药领域,具体涉及一种中药组合物在制备免疫调节药物中的应用。
背景技术
机体的免疫系统在清除癌变组织和病原菌入侵中发挥重大作用,而细胞免疫是机体免疫系统的重要组成部分。在细胞免疫中,淋巴T细胞和淋巴B细胞居于中心地位,淋巴T细胞按照表面标志物不同,主要分为CD8+的细胞毒性T细胞,CD4+的辅助T细胞,CD4+CD25+的调节性T细胞等。淋巴B细胞按照表面标志物不同,主要分为CD45RB细胞、B1细胞、B2细胞等,淋巴T细胞和淋巴B细胞表达的细胞因子有多种,包括IL-IR、IL-2R、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10等。正常情况下,机体的免疫应答程度受严格调控使免疫应答规模适度,T细胞和B细胞在维持这种稳态中发挥着重要的作用。
感染性疾病是临床常见病,多发病,主要有寄生虫感染、病毒感染、支原体感染、衣原体感染、细菌感染等疾病,不仅严重威胁人类健康,而且给全球禽畜业带来巨大的经济损失。机体感染细菌、病毒等微生物后常常出现严重的促炎症反应和失控的抗炎反应,导致细胞因子冗余,进而引起“细胞因子风暴”。这种过度的天然免疫应答,常常导致严重的组织损伤,诱发脓毒症等,甚至死亡。以流感为例,机体免疫系统感应到病毒RNA后,会启动一个快速的信号级联,使受感染的上皮细胞和机体免疫细胞产生约15种细胞因子,帮助抵御病毒。其中白介素-6(IL-6)激活免疫细胞(T细胞和巨噬细胞),清除感染病毒的细胞,是这波细胞因子的主力,Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型干扰素(IFN)影响病毒RNA合成。这第一波细胞因子称为“初级风暴”,对初期减少病毒的复制起关键作用,但也为之后免疫系统过度活化埋下了伏笔。随后,T细胞被激活并分化,分泌第二波细胞因子,其中干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)是这波细胞因子的主力。致命的往往是这二级风暴,这时细胞因子水平已超出清除病毒所需,会造成过多的炎性细胞聚集。如果大量炎症细胞聚集在肺泡内,将导致氧合功能下降,造成呼吸衰竭,这也是部分流感病例病情突然加重的原因。
目前有研究报道虾青素对炎症具有免疫调节作用,通过抑制NFKB的核转运而显著降低LPS诱导的白介素6(IL-6)和ll-1B mRNA p65表达。因此,虾青素是一种抗炎药和抗氧化剂,可用于预防炎症。现有技术也报道了叶黄素在患者的持续感染和/或炎症期间抑制患者中过量的Th1细胞介导的免疫反应和刺激Th2细胞介导的免疫反应。Th1细胞介导的过度免疫反应是由自身免疫疾病以及慢性病毒和细胞内细菌感染引起的,例如寻常型牛皮癣,多发性硬化症(MS),类风湿关节炎,克罗恩病,胰岛素依赖型糖尿病,结核病(TB),急性移植物抗病毒-宿主疾病(移植排斥)和HIV病毒感染。然而,目前尚未有相关药物上市。
过去几千年中,中医药在治疗疾病方面发挥了重要作用,帮助人类战胜了几次大的流行疾病,因此,充分发挥中医药优势,开发有效的免疫调节中药成为当下一个迫在眉睫需要解决的课题。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的在于提供一种可用于抗炎和免疫调节的中药组合物;即提供一种中药组合物在制备抗炎药物和/或免疫调节药物中的应用。
具体的,按照重量份数计,所述中药组合物包括,苍术13-18份,麻黄8-13份、藿香13-18份、山豆根4-9份、儿茶8-13份、射干13-18份、锦灯笼8-13份和甘草8-13份。
进一步地,按照重量份数计,所述中药组合物包括,苍术15份,麻黄10份、藿香15份、山豆根6份、儿茶10份、射干15份、锦灯笼10份和甘草10份;或者,
苍术13份、麻黄8份、藿香18份、山豆根4份、儿茶8份、射干18份、锦灯笼8份和甘草13份;或者,
苍术18份、麻黄13份、藿香13份、山豆根9份、儿茶13份、射干13份、锦灯笼13份和甘草8份。
苍术选自炮制苍术,可以但不局限于麸炒苍术、焦苍术,更优选麸炒苍术。麻黄可以但不局限于采用生麻黄。本发明中,藿香即为广藿香,广藿香的别称是藿香。甘草可以采用常规的生甘草或者甘草制品,例如炙甘草、甘草饮片等,优选采用生甘草。
本发明还提供了一种中药组合物的制备方法,按照选定的重量份数称取苍术、麻黄、藿香、射干、山豆根、儿茶、锦灯笼和甘草,混合后按常规提取方法提取或者分别按常规提取方法提取后混合,即得。
进一步地,所述常规提取方法包括煎煮提取、浸渍提取、渗漉提取、回流提取、超声提取和水蒸气蒸馏提取中的一种或几种。
在某些优选的实施方式中,所述提取溶剂选自水或体积百分数为5-98%的醇溶液;醇溶液为含醇的水溶液,醇可以是乙醇或者甲醇等。
在具体的实施方式中,提取次数至少为1次,优选为1-5次,更优选为1-3次。
在具体的实施方式中,提取时间至少为10min,优选为20-240min,更优选为30-120min。
在具体的实施方式中,提取溶剂的体积与原料药重量的比值为≥2L/kg;优选为3-20L/kg,更优选为5-10L/kg。
在某些优选的实施方式中,还可以采用常规的精制方法进行精制处理,例如但不局限于柱层析,膜过滤等方法处理。
本发明还提供了一种药物制剂,包括本发明任一所述的中药组合物或者任一所述的制备方法所制得的中药组合物,以及任选地一种或者多种药学上可接受的载体。
在某些优选的实施方式中,所述药物制剂选自液体制剂、固体制剂或者半固体制剂中的一种。
在具体的实施方式中,所述药物制剂为凝胶剂、乳霜剂、片剂、胶囊剂、散剂、合剂、丸剂、颗粒剂、口服液、糖浆剂、煎膏剂、栓剂、气雾剂、贴膏剂、软膏剂、注射剂、喷剂、搽剂、酊剂、湿敷剂、糊剂或者洗剂。
在具体的实施方式中,所述药学上可接受的载体选自药学上可接受的溶剂、增溶剂、助溶剂、乳化剂、着色剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、填充剂、润滑剂、润湿剂、渗透压调节剂、稳定剂、助流剂、矫味剂、防腐剂、助悬剂、包衣材料、芳香剂、抗粘合剂、整合剂、渗透促进剂、pH值调节剂、缓冲剂、增塑剂、表面活性剂、增稠剂、包合剂、保湿剂、吸收剂、稀释剂、絮凝剂与反絮凝剂、助滤剂、释放阻滞剂、高分子骨架材料和成膜材料中的至少一种。
本发明还提供了所述的药物制剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
水蒸气蒸馏步骤:按照选定的重量份数称取苍术和藿香,混合,水蒸气蒸馏提取,分别收集挥发油和水提取液;
水煎煮步骤:按照选定的重量份数称取麻黄、射干、山豆根、儿茶、锦灯笼和甘草,加水煎煮,固液分离,收集液体;
药物制剂的制备步骤:将水蒸气蒸馏步骤制得的水提取液和所述水煎煮步骤制得的液体合并,浓缩,干燥,加入或者不加辅料,制成药物制剂半成品,喷入所述挥发油,即得药物制剂。
在某些优选的实施方式中,干燥之后还包括粉碎步骤。
在某些优选的实施方式中,制成药物制剂半成品之后还包括干燥步骤。
在某些优选的实施方式中,固液分离选自过滤或者离心。
在某些优选的实施方式中,所述的药物制剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
按照选定的重量份数称取苍术和藿香,混合,加入至少2倍量的水进行水蒸气蒸馏提取,提取时间为至少10min,分别收集挥发油和水提取液;按照选定的重量份数称取麻黄、射干、山豆根、儿茶、锦灯笼和甘草,加水煎煮至少1次,每次加水至少2倍量,每次煎煮至少10min,合并水煎液,固液分离,收集液体;将水蒸气蒸馏步骤制得的水提取液和所述水煎煮步骤制得的液体合并,浓缩,干燥,粉碎,加入或者不加辅料,制成药物制剂半成品,喷入所述挥发油,混匀,即得。倍量是指加入每克原料药中加入水的毫升数。
在更优选的实施方式中,所述的药物制剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
按照选定的重量份数称取苍术和藿香,混合,加入5-15倍量水进行水蒸气蒸馏提取0.5-5小时,分别收集挥发油和水提取液;按照选定的重量份数称取麻黄、射干、山豆根、儿茶、锦灯笼和甘草,加水煎煮1-3次,每次加水5-15倍量,每次煎煮0.5-5小时,合并水煎液,固液分离,收集液体;将水蒸气蒸馏步骤制得的水提取液和所述水煎煮步骤制得的液体合并,浓缩至相对密度为1.20-1.25(50℃),干燥,粉碎,加入或者不加辅料,制成药物制剂半成品,喷入所述挥发油,混匀,即得。
在某些优选的实施方式中,药物制剂半成品可以是颗粒剂半成品、粉剂半成品或者片剂半成品。
所述药物制剂成品的质量与所采用的原料药质量之比为30-40:75-115,优选为36:91。其中原料药质量为所有原料药的质量之和。
进一步地,所述免疫调节可以是指治疗免疫功能异常。
作为优选的实施方式,所述免疫功能异常是由寄生虫感染、病毒感染、支原体感染、衣原体感染、细菌感染、自身免疫疾病等导致的。
作为优选的实施方式,所述病毒选自流感病毒、SARS病毒、MERS病毒、229E病毒、NL63病毒、OC43病毒、HKU1病毒和COVID-19病毒中的至少一种。进一步地,所述流感病毒为甲型流感病毒。
所述免疫调节是指调节免疫细胞的数量异常、调节促炎因子和抑炎因子的失衡中的至少一种。作为优选的实施方式,所述免疫细胞选自CD4+T细胞、CD8+T细胞中的一种或者两种。作为优选的实施方式,所述促炎因子选自TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β中的一种或者多种。作为优选的实施方式,所述抑炎因子为IL-4。
所述免疫调节是指预防和/或治疗细胞因子相关的疾病或病症。细胞因子相关的疾病或病症为炎症或者炎症导致的机体损伤,可以但不局限于病症为呼吸道炎症、急性肺损伤、急性呼吸窘迫综合征、细胞因子释放综合征等。进一步的,这些疾病或者病症是由于病毒感染所导致。
具体的,所述呼吸道炎症选自咽炎、喉炎、气管炎、支气管炎和/或肺炎。
此外,所述中药组合物或者所述药物制剂制备的药物可以减少炎性浸润细胞的数量。
本发明的中药组合物和/或药物制剂还可以用于制备预防和/或治疗冠状病毒所致疾病或者冠状病毒感染的药物;其中,所述中药组合物为本发明任一所述的中药组合物,或者本发明的任一所述的制备方法制得的中药组合物;所述药物制剂为本发明任一所述的药物制剂,或者本发明的任一所述的制备方法制得的药物制剂。
其中,方中以苍术为君药,性味辛、苦,温,归脾、胃、肝经,苍术多用于治疗脘腹胀满,泄泻,水肿,脚气痿躄,风湿痹痛,风寒感冒。方中以苍术为君药燥湿健脾,祛风散寒。
方中以麻黄、藿香合为臣药,其中麻黄辛、微苦,温,归肺、膀胱经,功在发汗散寒,宣肺平喘,利水消肿。多用于治疗风寒感冒,胸闷喘咳,风水浮肿。方中选取麻黄宣肺气,止咳平喘。藿香性味辛,微温,归经入肺、脾、胃经。方中以藿香为臣意在轻宣走表而又温中化湿。
另以射干、山豆根、儿茶、锦灯笼四药共为佐药,其中射干苦,寒,归肺经,以射干为佐则可清热解毒,消痰利咽。山豆根苦,寒,归肺、胃经,选山豆根清热利咽喉。儿茶苦、涩,微寒,归肺经,用儿茶清肺化痰,养阴生津。锦灯笼苦,寒,归肺经,锦灯笼利咽化痰。
最后以甘草为使药,性味甘,平。归心、肺、脾、胃经,选甘草调和诸药,平衡寒热,补益中气,清肺止咳,是为使药。
本发明技术方案,具有如下优点:
1.本发明提供的中药组合物,通过临床研究与基础研究反复优化复方中药物组成与含量后获得,方中以苍术为君药,麻黄、藿香合为臣药。另以射干、山豆根、儿茶、锦灯笼四药共为佐药。最后以甘草为使药。方中苍术化湿,麻黄发汗散寒,藿香温中化湿。射干、山豆根、儿茶、锦灯笼清热利咽,甘草调和诸药,诸药共奏化湿健脾,清热解毒之功,能够调节机体免疫,尤其是调节免疫细胞数量异常,使免疫细胞数量恢复正常,调节促炎因子和抑炎因子的失衡,有助于促炎因子和抑炎因子恢复平衡状态。
本发明的中药组合物还可用于湿邪郁肺证,症见:发热,乏力,困重,肌肉酸痛,咽痛,胸闷脘痞,恶呕纳呆,便溏或大便粘滞不爽。舌淡红,苔白厚腻或薄黄,脉滑数或濡,临床上对冠状病毒感染疾病起到积极治疗作用。
2.本发明的中药组合物,不仅能够减少炎性细胞浸润,抑制炎性因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β的升高,同时抑制抑炎因子IL-4的降低,还能够抑制CD4+T细胞的细胞数量降低和CD8+T细胞数量的减少,说明本发明的中药组合物具有免疫调节作用,此外研究还发现本发明的中药组合物还能够抑制肺指数升高,调节凝血功能,说明本发明的中药组合物可用于预防和/或治疗冠状病毒感染,以及冠状病毒感染所致的呼吸道炎症,急性肺损伤等疾病。
3.本发明提供的药物制剂,后续可以根据实际应用将本发明的中药组合物制备成各种剂型,可以为外用、注射,也可以内服,例如可以但不局限于凝胶剂、乳霜剂、片剂、胶囊剂、散剂、合剂、丸剂、颗粒剂、溶液剂、糖浆剂、煎膏剂、栓剂、气雾剂、贴膏剂、软膏剂、注射剂等各种剂型。其中,颗粒剂更加方便使用,稳定性更高,适合工业化生产,保证了药物的治疗效果和安全性。
4.本发明提供的药物制剂的制备方法,优选将苍术和藿香两味中药进行水蒸气蒸馏提取,其余原料药进行水煎煮提取,将蒸馏所得水提取液与水煎煮液合并浓缩,干燥,制成药物制剂半成品后再将挥发油喷入,即得药物制剂成品,该方法可以充分利用苍术和藿香的有效成分,避免其挥发性有效成分在提取液浓缩、干燥过程中丧失,提高有效成分含量,从而进一步提高对冠状病毒感染的治疗效果。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明实验例1中正常对照组小鼠的HE染色图;
图2是本发明实验例1中模型对照组小鼠的HE染色图;
图3是本发明实验例1中磷酸氯喹片组小鼠的HE染色图;
图4是本发明实验例1中连花清瘟组小鼠的HE染色图;
图5是本发明实验例1中金花清感组小鼠的HE染色图;
图6是本发明实验例1中苍麻化毒颗粒大剂量组小鼠的HE染色图;
图7是本发明实验例1中苍麻化毒颗粒中剂量组小鼠的HE染色图;
图8是本发明实验例1中苍麻化毒颗粒小剂量组小鼠的HE染色图。
具体实施方式
提供下述实施例是为了更好地进一步理解本发明,并不局限于所述最佳实施方式,不对本发明的内容和保护范围构成限制,任何人在本发明的启示下或是将本发明与其他现有技术的特征进行组合而得出的任何与本发明相同或相近似的产品,均落在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例中未注明具体实验步骤或条件者,按照本领域内的文献所描述的常规实验步骤的操作或条件即可进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市购获得的常规试剂产品。
所有药材质检合格,符合《中华人民共和国药典》标准。在提取过程中,倍量是指加入每克中药材加入水的毫升数。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种中药组合物,包括,麸炒苍术15g、生麻黄10g、广藿香15g、山豆根6g、儿茶10g、射干15g、锦灯笼10g和生甘草10g。
本实施例提供了一种包含上述中药组合物的药物制剂,其制法如下:按中药组合物的处方重量称取麸炒苍术和广藿香,加10倍量水,用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油提取2h,收集挥发油,备用;蒸馏后的水液另器收集,备用;按照处方量取生麻黄、射干、山豆根、儿茶、锦灯笼和生甘草加水煎煮三次,第一次加10倍量水,煎煮1h,第二、三次各加8倍量水,各煎煮0.5h,合并煎煮液,滤过,滤液与上述蒸馏后的水液合并,减压浓缩至相对密度为1.20-1.25(50℃)的稠膏,干燥,粉粹,加糊精,制成颗粒半成品,干燥,喷入上述蒸馏收集的挥发油,混匀,即得苍麻化毒颗粒36g。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种中药组合物,包括,麸炒苍术13g、生麻黄8g、藿香18g、山豆根4g、儿茶8g、射干18g、锦灯笼8g和甘草13g。
本实施例提供了一种包含上述中药组合物的药物制剂,其制法如下:按中药组合物的处方重量称取麸炒苍术、藿香、生麻黄、射干、山豆根、儿茶、锦灯笼和甘草,加水煎煮2次,第一次加10倍量水,煎煮6h,第二次加5倍量水,煎煮0.5h,合并煎煮液,滤过,滤液与上述蒸馏后的水液合并,减压浓缩至相对密度为1.20-1.25(50℃)的稠膏,干燥,粉粹,制成颗粒半成品,干燥,喷入上述蒸馏收集的挥发油,混匀,即得苍麻化毒颗粒,干法压片,制成片剂。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种中药组合物,包括,制苍术18g、生麻黄13g、藿香13g、山豆根9g、儿茶13g、射干13g、锦灯笼13g和甘草8g。
本实施例提供了一种包含上述中药组合物的药物制剂,其制法如下:按中药组合物的处方重量称取青蒿、苍术和藿香,加20倍量水,用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,提取时间为3h,收集挥发油,备用;蒸馏后的水液另器收集,备用;按照处方量取生麻黄、生石膏、柴胡、黄芪、马鞭草和甘草加水煎煮二次,第一次加3倍量水,煎煮0.5h,第二次各加15倍量水,煎煮3h,合并煎煮液,滤过,滤液与上述蒸馏后的水液合并,减压浓缩至相对密度为1.20-1.25(50℃)的稠膏,干燥,粉粹,制成颗粒半成品,干燥,喷入上述蒸馏收集的挥发油,混匀,即得苍麻化毒颗粒,装入胶囊中,制成胶囊剂。
实验例1 苍麻化毒颗粒对冠状病毒感染小鼠的肺指数的影响
1、实验材料
连花清瘟颗粒:北京以岭药业有限公司。国药准字Z20100040。规格:每袋装6g。生产批号:2001053。
金花清感颗粒:聚协昌(北京)药业有限公司。国药准字Z20160001。规格:每袋装5g(相当于饮片17.3g),生产批号:20200101。
磷酸氯喹片:上海信宜天平药业有限公司。国药准字:H31020869。规格:0.25g/片×100片。生产批号:12200201。
苍麻化毒颗粒:按照本发明实施例1的方法制备。
2、实验方法
(1)动物分组与给药
BALB/c小鼠80只,按性别及体重随机分为正常对照组、模型对照组、磷酸氯喹片组、连花清瘟颗粒组、金花清感颗粒组、苍麻化毒颗粒(简称CMHD)大剂量组、苍麻化毒颗粒中剂量组、苍麻化毒颗粒小剂量组,每组10只。
分组结束后,各组小鼠用乙醚轻度麻醉,以100个TCID50HCoV-229E病毒液滴鼻感染1次,45μL/只/次。取磷酸氯喹片、连花清瘟颗粒、金花清感颗粒分别研磨后溶于蒸馏水中,制得质量浓度分别为9.0mg/ml、165 mg/ml、137.5mg/ml的受试药物溶液,取本发明实施例1的苍麻化毒颗粒研磨后溶于蒸馏水中,制得质量浓度分别为605mg/ml、302.5mg/ml、151mg/ml的受试药物溶液,感染后的磷酸氯喹片组、连花清瘟颗粒组、金花清感颗粒组、苍麻化毒颗粒大剂量组、苍麻化毒颗粒中剂量组、苍麻化毒颗粒小剂量组分别以0.18、3.3、2.75、12.1、6.05、3.02g·kg-1·d-1依次灌胃给予上述对应的受试药物溶液,按照0.2mL/10g体重/次,每天灌胃一次,连续4天。
(2)称重并计算肺指数和肺指数抑制率
第5天称重后,小鼠眼眶静脉丛采血(3滴血收集于10mL 1×PBS中,其余血液收集血清后-80℃保存)。解剖小鼠收集肺脏,称重后,左侧肺叶固定于4%的多聚甲醛溶液中,其余肺脏-80℃保存。实验终点之前死亡小鼠不计入统计结果中。按照如下公式计算肺指数和肺指数抑制率。实验数据采用 GraphPad Prism 5.0 软件进行统计学分析,组间差异采用t 检验,P<0.05 为差异具有统计学意义。
肺指数=肺湿重(g)/体质量(g)×100%;
肺指数抑制率=(模型对照组肺指数-给药组肺指数)/(模型对照组肺指数-正常对照组肺指数)×100%。
(3)HE染色法检测小鼠肺组织病理变化
固定好的小鼠肺脏采用体积百分数为75%乙醇水溶液脱水,再用二甲苯透明,然后用石蜡包埋;包埋好的蜡块用切片机切成4~6μm的薄片,热水中展平后贴于载玻片,然后置于45℃恒温箱中烘干;切片采用苏木精-伊红(HE)染色;将HE 染色后的切片置于光学显微镜下,观察肺脏组织的病理学改变,并拍照。
(4)考察苍麻化毒颗粒对小鼠血清中炎性因子表达的影响
采用ELISA 法检测小鼠血清中炎性因子表达水平,待测样本来自于实验例1各组动物经步骤(2)眼眶静脉丛采血,每组随机选择8个血样样本进行检测。分别采用MouseTNF-α ELISA KIT、Mouse IL-1βELISA KIT、Mouse IL-6 ELISA KIT、Mouse IL-4 ELISAKIT试剂盒(由上海酶联免疫技术有限公司提供),检测过程严格按照试剂盒操作说明进行。取试剂盒在室温下平衡60分钟。酶标包被板上设置标准品孔、样本孔和空白孔。标准品孔各加不同浓度的标准品50μL。样本孔中先加样本稀释液40μL,然后再分别加入待测样本10μL(样本最终稀释度为5倍)。空白对照孔不加样本及酶标试剂,其余各步操作相同。加样将样本加于酶标板孔底部,尽量不触及孔壁,轻轻晃动混匀。每孔加入酶标试剂100 μL,空白孔除外。用封板膜封板后置37℃温育1 h;洗板,弃去液体,甩干,每孔加满洗涤液,静置30S后弃去,重复5次,拍干;每孔先加入显色剂A 50 μL,再加入显色剂B 50 μL,轻轻震荡混匀,37℃避光显色15 min。每孔加入终止液50 μL,终止反应(蓝色立即转黄色)。酶标仪检测各孔在450 nm的吸光度(OD值)。通过拟合曲线,最终计算出各样本的浓度值。
(5)流式细胞术检测小鼠外周血淋巴细胞
向10mLPBS中滴入3滴血(来自上述实验例1各组动物经步骤(2)眼眶静脉丛采血,每组随机选择8个血样样本进行检测),混匀;4℃,2000r/min离心15min;用移液管吸出上清液,红色沉淀中加入1mL红细胞裂解液,吹打混匀,待液体呈红色透明澄清后,加入10mLPBS终止裂解;4℃,2000r/min离心5min;弃上清,吸净红色悬着液,沉淀用5mLPBS重悬;4℃,2000r/min离心5min;弃上清,加入500L封闭液(含5%FBS的PBS),重悬,移入1.5mLEP管中;4℃,2000r/min离心5min;甩净上清,加入50µL抗体(PE标记抗小鼠CD45R抗体,PerCPCy5.5标记抗小鼠CD4抗体,APC标记抗小鼠CD8a抗体各0.3µL),4℃避光孵育30min;加入1mLPBS重悬,4℃,2000r/min离心5min;甩净上清,加入2%多聚甲醛固定液,重悬细胞,放入4℃避光保存。样本收集后,第2天上机检测。
3、实验结果
(1)肺指数和肺指数抑制率
试验结果显示,采用HCoV-229E病毒株感染小鼠,小鼠肺指数升高,与正常对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.001)。各给药组小鼠分别给予相应药物后,小鼠肺指数值呈现不同的变化趋势。苍麻化毒颗粒3个剂量组肺指数均有降低的趋势,大剂量、中剂量组与模型对照组比较具有显著性差异(P<0.05,P<0.01)。磷酸氯喹片组肺指数降低趋势最大,与正常对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。连花清瘟颗粒组和金花清感颗粒组肺指数仅有降低趋势,与模型对照组比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。
苍麻化毒颗粒大剂量和中剂量组肺指数大小基本相当,中剂量组肺指数抑制率与磷酸氯喹片组相当。连花清瘟颗粒组和金花清感颗粒组肺指数抑制率均低于苍麻化毒颗粒各剂量组。
(2)HE染色结果
见图1-8所示,模型对照组小鼠中,肺部表现为中度间质性肺炎,肺泡隔增宽伴炎细胞浸润。与模型对照组小鼠的肺部相比,经苍麻化毒颗粒治疗的小鼠肺组织病变有一定的减轻,主要表现为肺泡隔增宽伴炎细胞浸润。大剂量组改善程度与磷酸氯喹片相当。连花清瘟颗粒组、金花清感颗粒组肺组织病理改善不明显。说明本发明的苍麻化毒颗粒可用于治疗冠状病毒感染引起的肺炎病变。
(3)细胞因子表达的影响结果
采用HCoV-229E病毒株感染小鼠,试验结果显示:
①模型对照组小鼠血清中TNF-α表达量明显升高,与正常对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.001)。各给药组小鼠分别给予相应药物后,TNF-α表达量呈现不同的变化趋势。苍麻化毒颗粒大、中剂量组TNF-α表达量明显降低,与模型对照组比较均具有显著性差异(P<0.001,P<0.05)。磷酸氯喹片组、金花清感颗粒组TNF-α表达量降低,与模型对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.001,P<0.05)。连花清瘟颗粒组TNF-α表达量明显升高,与模型对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.001)。
②模型对照组小鼠血清中IL-1β表达量明显升高,与正常对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.001)。各给药组小鼠分别给予相应药物后,IL-1β表达量呈现不同的变化趋势。苍麻化毒颗粒3个剂量组IL-1β表达量未见明显降低的趋势,与模型对照组比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。金花清感颗粒组IL-1β表达量明显降低,与模型对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.001)。磷酸氯喹片组、连花清瘟颗粒组IL-1β表达量与模型对照组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。
③模型对照组小鼠血清中IL-6表达量明显升高,与正常对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.001)。各给药组小鼠分别给予相应药物后,IL-6表达量均呈现降低的变化趋势。苍麻化毒颗粒3个剂量组IL-6表达量降低,与模型对照组比较均具有显著性差异(P<0.001)。磷酸氯喹片组、连花清瘟颗粒组、金花清感颗粒组IL-6表达量均降低,与模型对照组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.001)。
④模型对照组小鼠血清中IL-4表达量明显降低,与正常对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.001)。各给药组小鼠分别给予相应药物后,IL-4表达量呈现不同的变化趋势。苍麻化毒颗粒大剂量组IL-4表达量明显升高,与模型对照组比较具有显著性差异(P<0.001)。磷酸氯喹片组IL-4表达量升高,与模型对照组比较具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。连花清瘟颗粒组、金花清感颗粒组IL-4表达量仅有升高的趋势,与模型对照组比较均具无显著性差异(P>0.05)。
(4)对淋巴细胞百分比的影响结果
采用HCoV-229E病毒株感染小鼠,试验结果显示:
1)模型对照组小鼠外周血CD4+T细胞百分比降低,与正常对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。各给药组分别给予相应药物后,小鼠CD4+T细胞百分比呈现不同的变化趋势。苍麻化毒颗粒3个剂量组CD4+T细胞百分比均有升高的趋势,大剂量组与模型对照组比较具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。磷酸氯喹片组、连花清瘟颗粒组、金花清感颗粒组CD4+T细胞百分比升高,与模型对照组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05,P<0.01)。
2)模型对照组小鼠外周血CD8+T细胞百分比降低,与正常对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。各给药组分别给予相应药物后,小鼠CD8+T细胞百分比呈现不同的变化趋势。苍麻化毒颗粒3个剂量组CD8+T细胞百分比均有升高的趋势,大剂量组、中剂量组与模型对照组比较均具有显著性差异(P<0.01,P<0.05)。磷酸氯喹片组、连花清瘟颗粒组、金花清感颗粒组CD8+T细胞百分比升高,与模型对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。
(5)实验小结
①苍麻化毒颗粒显著抑制肺指数升高,并减轻冠状病毒导致的肺部炎症,具有明显的治疗作用。苍麻化毒颗粒的药效作用,大、中剂量药效水平相当,并优于小剂量。大、中剂量组药效与磷酸氯喹片相当。连花清瘟颗粒组和金花清感颗粒组未显示出明显的药效作用。
②苍麻化毒颗粒能够抑制促炎细胞因子表达,提高抗炎细胞因子水平,显示出对冠状病毒感染的抗炎与免疫调节作用。大、中剂量作用显著,优于小剂量组。磷酸氯喹片、莲花清瘟颗粒和金花清感颗粒能够抑制不同炎性细胞因子的表达。
③苍麻化毒颗粒调节T淋巴细胞占比,显示出其具有免疫调节作用,大、中剂量作用显著,优于小剂量组。莲花清瘟颗粒和金花清感颗粒能够提高T淋巴细胞占比,显示出一定的免疫调节作用。
实验例2苍麻化毒颗粒对冠状病毒感染小鼠凝血功能的影响
1、实验方法
实验例1各组动物经步骤(2)眼眶静脉丛采血后,每组随机选择8个血样样本进行检测,室温静置2h,于4 ℃ 3000 r·min-1离心 15min;收集上清液,-80 ℃保存,待测。ELISA法采用Mouse D-Dimer(D2D) ELISA Kit试剂盒(购自武汉华美生物工程有限公司),严格按照试剂盒说明书的方法检测小鼠血清中D二聚体(D2D)表达水平。
2、实验结果
采用HCoV-229E病毒株感染小鼠,试验结果显示:
模型对照组小鼠血清中D2D表达量明显升高,与正常对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.001)。各给药组小鼠分别给予相应药物后,D2D表达量呈现不同的变化趋势。苍麻化毒颗粒3个剂量组D2D表达量均有降低的趋势,大、中剂量与模型对照组比较均具有显著性差异(P<0.001)。磷酸氯喹片组、连花清瘟颗粒组、金花清感颗粒D2D表达量降低,与模型对照组比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。
综上所述,本发明的中药组合物或者苍麻化毒颗粒对冠状病毒肺炎模型小鼠具有明显的治疗作用,治疗效果基本具有量效关系。苍麻化毒颗粒大剂量组治疗冠状病毒肺炎的作用接近磷酸氯喹片;连花清瘟颗粒和金花清感颗粒未显示明显的治疗作用。苍麻化毒颗粒能够改善感染小鼠肺部病理状态,抑制冠状病毒肺炎小鼠肺部炎性细胞因子表达水平,改善冠状病毒肺炎小鼠的免疫状态,改善冠状病毒肺炎小鼠的凝血功能。
显然,上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例,而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。
Claims (10)
1.一种中药组合物在制备抗炎药物和/或免疫调节药物中的应用,其特征在于,按照重量份数计,所述中药组合物由如下原料药制成,苍术13-18份,麻黄8-13份、藿香13-18份、山豆根4-9份、儿茶8-13份、射干13-18份、锦灯笼8-13份和甘草8-13份;所述免疫调节是指治疗免疫功能异常,所述免疫功能异常和炎症是由冠状病毒感染导致的;所述冠状病毒选自229E病毒、NL63病毒、OC43病毒、HKU1病毒和COVID-19病毒中的至少一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,按照重量份数计,所述中药组合物由如下原料药制成,苍术15份,麻黄10份、藿香15份、山豆根6份、儿茶10份、射干15份、锦灯笼10份和甘草10份;或者,
苍术13份、麻黄8份、藿香18份、山豆根4份、儿茶8份、射干18份、锦灯笼8份和甘草13份;或者,
苍术18份、麻黄13份、藿香13份、山豆根9份、儿茶13份、射干13份、锦灯笼13份和甘草8份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用,其特征在于,按照选定的重量份数称取苍术、麻黄、藿香、射干、山豆根、儿茶、锦灯笼和甘草,混合后按常规提取方法提取或者分别按常规提取方法提取后混合,即得。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述常规提取方法包括煎煮提取、浸渍提取、渗漉提取、回流提取、超声提取和水蒸气蒸馏提取中的一种或几种;提取溶剂选自水或体积百分数为5-98%的醇溶液;提取次数至少为1次;提取时间至少为10min;提取溶剂的体积与原料药重量的比值≥2L/kg。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述的中药组合物,加入或者不加入药学上可接受的辅料,按照常规的制剂制备方法制成药物制剂。
6.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物制剂为凝胶剂、乳霜剂、片剂、胶囊剂、散剂、丸剂、颗粒剂、口服液、糖浆剂、煎膏剂、栓剂、气雾剂、贴膏剂、软膏剂、注射剂、喷剂、搽剂、酊剂、湿敷剂、糊剂或者洗剂。
7.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物制剂为合剂。
8.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药学上可接受的辅料选自药学上可接受的溶剂、着色剂、粘合剂、崩解剂、填充剂、润滑剂、润湿剂、稳定剂、矫味剂、防腐剂、助悬剂、包衣材料、抗粘合剂、渗透促进剂、缓冲剂、增塑剂、表面活性剂、保湿剂、絮凝剂与反絮凝剂、助滤剂、释放阻滞剂、高分子骨架材料和成膜材料中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药学上可接受的辅料选自药学上可接受的稀释剂、助流剂、包合剂、渗透压调节剂、芳香剂或者增稠剂。
10.根据权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物制剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
水蒸气蒸馏步骤:按照选定的重量份数称取苍术和藿香,混合,水蒸气蒸馏提取,分别收集挥发油和水提取液;
水煎煮步骤:按照选定的重量份数称取麻黄、射干、山豆根、儿茶、锦灯笼和甘草,加水煎煮,固液分离,收集液体;
药物制剂的制备步骤:将所述水蒸气蒸馏步骤制得的水提取液和所述水煎煮步骤制得的液体合并,浓缩,干燥,加入或者不加辅料,制成药物制剂半成品,喷入上述挥发油,即得药物制剂。
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