CN113647518B - Special biological fermentation feed for fattening cattle in northern Jiang region and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special biological fermentation feed for fattening cattle in northern Jiang region and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/14—Fungi; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/16—Yeasts; Culture media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/169—Plantarum
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special biological fermentation feed for fattening cattle in northern Jiang region and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of feed processing. The biological fermentation feed comprises a composite strain starter and a fermentation substrate, wherein the composite strain starter comprises Saccharomyces boulardii, clostridium butyricum and lactobacillus plantarum, and the fermentation substrate comprises corn, cotton meal, soybean meal and bran. The composite strain starter provided by the invention is subjected to primary, secondary and tertiary expansion culture, and mixed in proportion and then subjected to solid state fermentation together with a fermentation substrate to obtain the finished product biological fermentation feed. After the fermentation substrate is fermented by the composite strain starter, pleasant sour and fragrant can be generated, the feed intake of fattening cattle feed is improved, the fermentation substrate antigen is reduced, the digestibility of fattening cattle to the feed and the immunity of animal organisms are improved, the inflammatory reaction is reduced, and the overall conversion rate of the feed is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feed processing, in particular to a special biological fermentation feed for fattening cattle in northern Jiang region and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The banning of antibiotics in the feed brings more stringent requirements to the livestock industry in China, and also brings higher challenges, in particular to the North Xinjiang fattening cattle breeding industry. The North-ART fattening cattle breeding industry has the problems of weak herd management foundation, low quality of breeding personnel, insufficient disease prevention and control technology, disordered and complicated cattle source varieties and the like, and the application of antibiotics is forbidden, so that the North-ART fattening cattle breeding industry faces unprecedented great challenges. Therefore, the search for antibiotics and antibiotic biological function substitutes is a major problem to be solved in the feed industry and the livestock breeding industry. In addition, in order to respond to the national requirements and simultaneously ensure the product quality, the substitute meets the requirements of green, no drug resistance, no residue, animal immunity improvement, economic benefit increase and the like, and the fermented feed is the most economic feed variety with the characteristics.
After the feed raw material is subjected to microbial fermentation, the feed has rich fermentation flavor, can improve the feed intake of animals, has multiple effects of improving the immunity of the animals, caring the health of intestinal tracts, improving the digestibility of the feed and the like, can prolong the storage time of the feed raw material, reduces the content of anti-nutritional factors and toxic substances in the feed, and creates higher profit value for the fattening cattle raising industry.
In order to solve the problems of the current North Xinjiang fattening cattle breeding industry, the special biological fermentation feed for fattening cattle in the North Xinjiang area is obtained by adopting a special composite strain starter and combining specific raw material selection and proportioning and adopting a solid-state bagged anaerobic fermentation mode.
Disclosure of Invention
On the basis of the composite starter, the special composite starter is utilized to improve the flavor of the product through the solid state fermentation process by taking corn, bean pulp, cotton pulp and bran as fermentation substrates, so that the fermentation product has unique flavor, the fermentation viscosity of the bean pulp and the contents of protease inhibitor and antigen protein are reduced, a large amount of high-biological active substances rich in yeast wall polysaccharide are produced, the content of unsaturated fatty acid is increased, the digestibility of the feed is improved, and the times and the degree of inflammatory reaction in the intestinal tracts of the fattening cattle in northern Xinjiang are reduced. The special biological fermentation feed for fattening cattle in northern Jiang region is prepared by fermenting a fermentation substrate by a composite strain starter; the substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
60 parts of corn; 20 parts of cotton seed meal; 10 parts of bean pulp; 10 parts of bran;
the composite strain starter is composed of Brevibacterium, clostridium butyricum and lactobacillus plantarum.
Further, the variety of the northern Jiang fattening cattle is one or more of northern Jiang brown cattle, siemens northern Jiang brown cattle and North Jiang brown cattle in Angas.
Further, the composite strain starter is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Preparing a primary expanding culture liquid: inoculating the Saccharomyces boulardii, clostridium butyricum and lactobacillus plantarum into corresponding culture mediums respectively in a sterile environment, wherein the lactobacillus plantarum is cultured in a constant temperature incubator for 20-48 hours, and the culture temperature is 35-40 ℃; culturing clostridium butyricum in a shaking table at constant temperature for 20-48 h, wherein the culturing temperature is 25-35 ℃, and the rotating speed of the shaking table is 100-120 rpm; culturing the Brabender microzyme in a shaking table at constant temperature for 36-48 h, wherein the culturing temperature is 30-40 ℃, the rotation speed of the shaking table is 180-200 rpm, and three primary expansion culture liquids are respectively obtained after the culturing is finished;
(2) Preparing a secondary expanding culture solution: respectively adding the first-stage expanded culture solution of the lagomorpha, clostridium butyricum and lactobacillus plantarum obtained in the step (1) into corresponding culture mediums according to the inoculum size of 5-10%, and culturing lactobacillus plantarum in a constant-temperature incubator for 16-48 h at the culture temperature of 35-40 ℃; culturing clostridium butyricum in a shaking table at constant temperature for 20-48 h, wherein the culturing temperature is 25-35 ℃, and the rotating speed of the shaking table is 100-120 rpm; culturing the Brabender yeast in a shaking table at constant temperature for 36-48 h, wherein the culturing temperature is 30-40 ℃, the rotation speed of the shaking table is 180-200 rpm, and three secondary expanding culture solutions are respectively obtained after the culturing is finished;
(3) Preparing a three-stage expanding culture solution: respectively adding the secondary expanded culture solution of the lagomorpha, clostridium butyricum and lactobacillus plantarum obtained in the step (2) into corresponding culture mediums according to the inoculum size of 5-10%, and culturing the lactobacillus plantarum in a constant-temperature incubator for 20-48 h at the culture temperature of 35-40 ℃; culturing clostridium butyricum in a shaking table at constant temperature for 18-48 h, wherein the culturing temperature is 30-35 ℃, and the rotating speed of the shaking table is 120-140 rpm; culturing the Brabender yeast in a shaking table at constant temperature for 36-48 h, wherein the culturing temperature is 25-40 ℃, the rotation speed of the shaking table is 180-200 rpm, and three secondary expanding culture solutions are respectively obtained after the culturing is finished;
(4) Mixing: and uniformly mixing the three-stage expanding culture solution of the Blakeslea yeast, clostridium butyricum and lactobacillus plantarum according to the mass ratio of 3:1-2:1-1.5 to obtain the composite strain starter.
Further, the culture medium for the saccharomyces boulardii in the step (1) and the step (2) is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: glucose 3%, malt extract 1%, peptone 2%, yeast extract 1%, water in balance, and pH 7.0.
Further, the plant milk stalk expanding culture medium in the step (1) and the step (2) is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: glucose 2%, peptone 1%, beef extract 1%, yeast extract 0.5%, sodium acetate 0.5%, diamine hydrogen citrate 0.2%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.2%, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 0.02%, manganese sulfate heptahydrate 0.005% and pH value of 7.4.
Further, the culture medium for the clostridium butyricum in the step (1) and the step (2) is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: glucose 0.5%, peptone 1%, beef extract 1%, yeast extract 0.3%, soluble starch 0.1%, sodium chloride 0.5%, sodium acetate trihydrate 0.3%, cysteine hydrochloride 0.015% and pH 7.4.
Further, the three-stage expanding culture medium in the step (3) is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: molasses 5%, ammonium sulfate 1%, peptone 1%, urea 0.5%, yeast extract 1%, and water in balance, with pH value of 7.0.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the special biological fermentation feed for fattening cattle in northern Jiang region, which comprises the following steps:
the composite strain starter is fully mixed with a fermentation substrate according to the inoculation amount of 5-10wt% and is packaged and sealed for solid state fermentation, so that the special biological fermentation feed for fattening cattle in northern Jiang region is obtained.
Further, the solid state fermentation temperature is 25-35 ℃ and the fermentation time is 48-96 h.
The invention also aims to provide the application of the special biological fermentation feed for fattening cattle in northern Xinjiang in the field of fattening cattle feeding in northern Xinjiang.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
(1) The brussel yeast, clostridium butyricum and lactobacillus plantarum in the composite strain starter are all strains which are screened and have good effect on local fattening cattle in northern Xinjiang; the special strain is applied to the preparation of the feed in a form of a composite strain starter, a large amount of biological enzymes and organic acids which are suitable for fattening the gastrointestinal tract of the local cattle in northern Xinjiang are produced by utilizing the fermentation effect of the composite strain starter, and macromolecular substances in fermentation substrates are degraded into digestible and absorbable micromolecular substances, so that the pH value of the feed is quickly reduced, the flavor of the feed is improved, the palatability of the feed is improved, and the utilization conversion rate of the feed is improved, so that the utilization value and the economic value of the feed are comprehensively improved;
(2) In the solid state fermentation process, a large amount of yeast wall polysaccharide produced by the Brazil yeast in the growth and propagation process can improve the intestinal canal fixability immunity of the local fattening cattle in northern Xinjiang, the produced mycoprotein can also improve the protein content in the feed, and in addition, the metabolized alcohol and the organic acid metabolized by lactobacillus can react to obtain ester substances, so that the feed has rich sour flavor, bouquet and ester flavor, and the feed intake of the local fattening cattle in northern Xinjiang is improved; the pH value of a large amount of butyric acid generated in the clostridium butyricum fermentation process in the intestinal tracts of local fattening cattle in northern Xinjiang can be reduced, and energy is provided through absorption of epithelial cells and participation in metabolism; various organic acids metabolized in the lactobacillus plantarum fermentation process can obviously reduce the pH value of the feed, avoid the growth and reproduction of harmful microorganisms such as escherichia coli, salmonella and the like, and improve the digestion and absorption rate of the feed in the gastrointestinal tract of animals;
(3) The invention adopts the technical means of culturing single strains respectively in the strain expansion and culture stage, and cultures the specific strains under specific conditions so as to ensure that each strain in the composite fermentation inoculant is in the logarithmic growth phase, the number of viable bacteria is the highest and the activity of the strain is the strongest;
(4) The molasses in the culture medium is derived from beet processing byproducts, and the molasses is used as a main carbon source, so that the recycling treatment of industrial byproducts can be realized, and the production cost of the feed can be greatly reduced;
(5) The biological fermentation feed has rich sour aroma, bouquet and ester aroma, and has a yellow brown color, wherein the content of wet-based crude protein is more than 15%, the content of amino acid is more than 29%, the pH value is less than 4.8, the digestibility is more than 92%, and the feed intake of animals can be improved by more than 10%.
(6) The special biological fermentation feed for fattening cattle in northern Xinjiang can avoid the defects of drug residues and antibiotic resistance, has remarkable improvement effect on feed intake and immunity of fattening cattle in northern Xinjiang, further improves the meat yield, is a good antibiotic and antibiotic biological function substitute suitable for fattening cattle in northern Xinjiang, and can bring great economic value for fattening cattle breeding in northern Xinjiang.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the invention revealed by feeding test, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to specific examples. The parameters in the embodiments can be recombined into a new scheme without generating conflict.
Example 1
A preparation method of special biological fermentation feed for fattening cattle in northern Jiang region comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting a strain of Brachybacterium branchii with strong reproductive capacity, higher growth speed and good metabolite flavor, wherein KGKK is numbered 58163, a strain of clostridium butyricum with strong butyric acid production capacity, KGKK is numbered 36295, and a strain of lactobacillus plantarum with strong acid production capacity, KGKK is numbered 38596;
(2) Respectively eluting the strain inclined planes into 500mL corresponding liquid culture medium, and culturing lactobacillus plantarum in a 37 ℃ incubator for 24 hours at constant temperature; clostridium butyricum is cultivated in a shaker at 30℃and 120rpm for 24 hours; culturing the Brazil yeast in a shaking table at 30 ℃ and 180rpm for 48 hours to obtain primary seed liquid;
(3) Adding the primary seed liquid into 2000mL of corresponding liquid culture medium respectively according to the inoculation amount of 5%, and culturing lactobacillus plantarum in a 37 ℃ incubator at constant temperature for 24 hours; clostridium butyricum is cultivated in a shaker at 30℃and 120rpm for 24 hours; culturing the Brabender yeast in a shaking table at 30 ℃ and 180rpm for 48 hours to obtain secondary seed liquid;
(4) Adding the secondary seed liquid into 50L of fermentation tanks with corresponding liquid culture mediums respectively in an inoculation amount of 5%, and culturing lactobacillus plantarum in the fermentation tanks at a constant temperature of 37 ℃ for 24 hours; clostridium butyricum at 30℃and 120rpm with aeration rate of 1m 3 Culturing in a fermentation tank for 24 hours; brazil yeast at 28 deg.C, 180rpm and aeration rate of 1m 3 Culturing in a fermentation tank for 48 hours to obtain three-level seed liquid;
(5) The third-level seed liquid is prepared from the third-level seed liquid of the Saccharomyces boulardii: three-stage seed solution of clostridium butyricum: uniformly mixing lactobacillus plantarum three-stage seed liquid in a mass ratio of 3:1:1 to obtain a composite strain starter;
(6) Uniformly mixing 5kg of composite strain starter with 60kg of corn, 20kg of cotton seed meal, 10kg of soybean meal and 10kg of bran, and carrying out bagged airtight solid-state fermentation at 28 ℃ for 72 hours to obtain the special biological fermentation feed for fattening cattle in northern Jiang region.
Example 2
A preparation method of special biological fermentation feed for fattening cattle in northern Jiang region comprises the following steps:
(1) Step (1) is the same as in example 1;
(2) Eluting the strain inclined planes into 500mL corresponding liquid culture medium, and culturing lactobacillus plantarum in a 35 ℃ incubator for 20 hours at constant temperature; clostridium butyricum is cultivated in a shaker at 25℃and 100rpm for 20h; culturing the Brazil yeast in a shaking table at 35 ℃ and 190rpm for 36 hours to obtain primary seed liquid;
(3) Adding the primary seed liquid into 2000mL corresponding liquid culture medium respectively according to 10% of inoculation amount, and culturing lactobacillus plantarum in a 35 ℃ incubator at constant temperature for 16h; clostridium butyricum is cultivated in a shaker at 25℃and 110rpm for 20h; culturing the Brabender yeast in a shaking table at 35 ℃ and 190rpm for 36 hours to obtain secondary seed liquid;
(4) Adding the secondary seed liquid into a 50L fermentation tank respectively according to 10 percent of inoculation amount, and culturing lactobacillus plantarum in the fermentation tank at the constant temperature of 38 ℃ for 20 hours; clostridium butyricum at 35℃and 140rpm with aeration of 1m 3 Culturing in a fermentation tank for 18h; yeast aeration rate 1m at 35deg.C and 190rpm 3 Culturing for 36h in a fermentation tank to obtain three-level seed liquid;
(5) Three-stage seed liquid is prepared by the following steps of: clostridium butyricum: the lactobacillus plantarum is uniformly mixed into a composite strain starter according to the compounding proportion of 3.0:1.5:1.5;
(6) Uniformly mixing 10kg of composite strain starter with 60kg of corn, 20kg of cotton seed meal, 10kg of soybean meal and 10kg of bran, and carrying out bagged airtight solid-state fermentation for 48 hours at the temperature of 32 ℃ to obtain the special biological fermentation feed for fattening cattle in northern Jiang region.
Example 3
A preparation method of special biological fermentation feed for fattening cattle in northern Jiang region comprises the following steps:
(1) The same as in step (1) of example 1;
(2) Eluting each strain inclined plane in 500mL corresponding liquid culture medium, and culturing lactobacillus plantarum in a 37 ℃ incubator at constant temperature for 36h; clostridium butyricum is cultivated in a shaker at 32℃and 120rpm for 36h; culturing the Brazil yeast in a shaking table at 38 ℃ and 180rpm for 36 hours to obtain primary seed liquid;
(3) Adding the primary seed liquid into 2000mL corresponding liquid culture medium respectively according to 5% of inoculation amount, and culturing lactobacillus plantarum in a 37 ℃ incubator at constant temperature for 36h; clostridium butyricum is cultivated in a shaker at 32℃and 120rpm for 36h; culturing the Brabender yeast in a shaking table at 38 ℃ and 180rpm for 36 hours to obtain secondary seed liquid;
(4) Adding the secondary seed liquid into 50L of fermentation tanks with corresponding liquid culture mediums respectively according to the inoculation amount of 5%, and culturing lactobacillus plantarum in the fermentation tanks at the constant temperature of 37 ℃ for 24 hours; clostridium butyricum at 30℃and 120rpm with aeration rate of 1m 3 Culturing in a fermentation tank for 24 hours; yeast aeration rate 1m at 38deg.C and 180rpm 3 Culturing in a fermentation tank for 48 hours to obtain three-level seed liquid;
(5) Three-stage seed liquid is prepared by the following steps of: clostridium butyricum: uniformly mixing lactobacillus plantarum with a mass ratio of 3:2:1 to form a composite strain starter;
(6) Uniformly mixing 10kg of composite strain starter with 60kg of corn, 20kg of cotton seed meal, 10kg of soybean meal and 10kg of bran, and carrying out bagged airtight solid-state fermentation for 96 hours at the temperature of 32 ℃ to obtain the special biological fermentation feed for fattening cattle in northern Jiang region.
Example 4
A preparation method of special biological fermentation feed for fattening cattle in northern Jiang region comprises the following steps:
(1) The same as in step (1) of example 1;
(2) Eluting the strain inclined planes into 500mL corresponding liquid culture medium, and culturing lactobacillus plantarum in a 37 ℃ incubator for 48 hours at constant temperature; clostridium butyricum is cultivated in a shaker at 30℃and 120rpm for 48h; culturing the Brazil yeast in a shaking table at 32 ℃ and 180rpm for 48 hours to obtain primary seed liquid;
(3) Adding the primary seed liquid into 2000mL corresponding liquid culture medium respectively according to 10% of inoculation amount, and culturing lactobacillus plantarum in a 37 ℃ incubator for 48 hours at constant temperature; clostridium butyricum is cultivated in a shaker at 30℃and 120rpm for 48h; culturing the Brabender yeast in a shaking table at 32 ℃ and 180rpm for 48 hours to obtain secondary seed liquid;
(4) Adding the secondary seed liquid into 50L of fermentation tanks with corresponding liquid culture mediums respectively in an inoculation amount of 10%, and culturing lactobacillus plantarum in the fermentation tanks at a constant temperature of 37 ℃ for 48 hours; clostridium butyricum at 30℃and 120rpm with aeration rate of 1m 3 Culturing in a fermentation tank for 48 hours; yeast aeration rate 1m at 32deg.C and 180rpm 3 Culturing in a fermentation tank for 48 hours to obtain three-level seed liquid;
(5) Three-stage seed liquid is prepared by the following steps of: clostridium butyricum: the lactobacillus plantarum is uniformly mixed into a composite strain starter according to a compounding ratio of 3:1.5:1;
(6) Uniformly mixing 10kg of composite strain starter with 60kg of corn, 20kg of cotton seed meal, 10kg of soybean meal and 10kg of bran, and carrying out bagged airtight solid-state fermentation for 96 hours at 35 ℃ to obtain the special biological fermentation feed for fattening cattle in northern Jiang region.
Comparative example 1
The same as in example 4, except that the three-stage seed liquid was prepared as a Brabender yeast: the clostridium butyricum is evenly mixed into the composite strain starter according to the compounding proportion of 3:1.5.
Comparative example 2
The same as in example 4, except that the three-stage seed liquid was prepared as a Brabender yeast: the lactobacillus plantarum is uniformly mixed into the composite strain starter according to the compounding ratio of 3:1.
Comparative example 3
The same as in example 4, except that the third seed liquid was prepared as clostridium butyricum: the lactobacillus plantarum is uniformly mixed into the composite strain starter according to the compounding proportion of 1.5:1.
Comparative example 4
The difference from example 4 is that the starter is a tertiary seed liquor of Saccharomyces boulardii.
Comparative example 5
The difference from example 4 is that the starter is clostridium butyricum three-stage seed solution.
Comparative example 6
The difference from example 4 is that the starter is lactobacillus plantarum tertiary seed solution.
Test example 1
Animal test design and test index:
(1) After the fermentation substrate is subjected to microbial fermentation treatment by the composite starter, the biological fermentation feed has rich sour aroma, bouquet and ester aroma, and the content of crude protein, small peptide and organic acid of the biological fermentation feed obtained by fermenting in the examples 1-4 is detected in one part.
(2) Selecting Xinjiang brown cattle and Sigata omnirange fattening cattle with weight of about 420kg
The average is divided into five groups, namely a comparative example 1 group, an example 2 group, an example 3 group and an example 4 group, wherein no feed is additionally added in the comparative example 1 group, and the finished feeds obtained in the examples 1-4 are respectively added in the examples 1-4 groups in equal amounts. The number of the five groups of fattening cattle is 20 in Xinjiang brown cattle and 20 in Sigata omnirange fattening cattle, the weight difference of the cattle is not obvious (P is more than 0.05), the cattle are fed under the same feeding management, illumination condition and formula nutrition level, different groups of biological fermentation feeds are added, the cattle are fed for 90 days, slaughter is carried out after the feeding, and diarrhea rate, daily gain and slaughter rate of each group are counted, so that the following results are obtained:
| group of | Crude protein% | Small peptides% | Organic acid% | Diarrhea rate% | Daily gain% | Slaughter rate% |
| Comparative example 1 | 15.53 | 7.3 | 3.1 | 6.6 | 1.35 | 48.05 |
| Comparative example 2 | 15.07 | 7.9 | 3.7 | 7.3 | 1.33 | 47.26 |
| Comparative example 3 | 13.01 | 6.6 | 4.7 | 9.0 | 1.20 | 47.35 |
| Comparative example 4 | 15.38 | 5.6 | 2.1 | 8.5 | 1.13 | 46.14 |
| Comparative example 5 | 12.05 | 2.8 | 3.4 | 9.1 | 1.16 | 46.17 |
| Comparative example 6 | 12.27 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 11.6 | 1.10 | 46.08 |
| Example 1 | 15.86 | 6.2 | 4.5 | 6.8 | 1.36 | 47.95 |
| Example 2 | 15.84 | 8.1 | 4.2 | 6.5 | 1.42 | 48.23 |
| Example 3 | 16.05 | 9.3 | 5.1 | 4.0 | 1.50 | 49.11 |
| Example 4 | 16.31 | 8.8 | 5.3 | 3.6 | 1.54 | 50.68 |
As can be seen from the results in Table 1, the differences in technical effects of the present invention are remarkable, and the respective groups of examples are mainly represented by the increase in crude protein, small peptide and organic acid content of the product, and the nutritional value of the feed is improved, wherein the improvement ratio (P < 0.05) is most remarkable between the group of examples 3 and the group of examples 4.
After fattening cattle eat the biological fermentation feed provided by the invention, the diarrhea rate reduction ratio of the group of the example 3 and the group of the example 4 is most obvious, and the daily gain and the slaughter rate increase ratio are most obvious (P is less than 0.05). Therefore, the biological fermentation feed prepared by the invention can obviously improve the contents of crude protein, small peptide and organic acid in the feed, reduce diarrhea rate of fattening cattle, increase daily gain and improve meat yield.
In the process of preparing the composite starter, four steps are adopted to prepare, so that each strain is ensured to be in the logarithmic growth phase, the prepared composite starter has high viable count and strong strain activity, and meanwhile, the beet byproduct molasses is adopted as a carbon source, so that the production cost is reduced, and the comprehensive utilization rate of resources is improved.
The above embodiments are only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention without departing from the design spirit of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A special biological fermentation feed for fattening cattle in northern Jiang region is characterized by comprising fermentation substrates which are fermented by a composite strain starter; the substrate comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
60 parts of corn; 20 parts of cotton seed meal; 10 parts of bean pulp; 10 parts of bran;
the composite strain starter is composed of Brevibacterium, clostridium butyricum and lactobacillus plantarum;
the preparation method of the special biological fermentation feed for fattening cattle in northern Jiang region comprises the following steps:
fully mixing the composite strain starter with a fermentation substrate according to an inoculum size of 5-10wt%, bagging and sealing for solid fermentation to obtain special biological fermentation feed for fattening cattle in northern Jiang region;
the solid state fermentation temperature is 25-35 ℃, and the fermentation time is 48-96 hours;
the composite strain starter is prepared by the following steps:
(1) Preparing a primary expanding culture liquid: inoculating the Saccharomyces boulardii, the clostridium butyricum and the lactobacillus plantarum into corresponding culture mediums respectively in a sterile environment, wherein the lactobacillus plantarum is cultured in a constant-temperature incubator for 20-48 hours, and the culture temperature is 35-40 ℃; culturing clostridium butyricum in a shaking table at constant temperature for 20-48 h, wherein the culturing temperature is 25-35 ℃, and the rotating speed of the shaking table is 100-120 rpm; culturing the Brabender yeast in a shaking table at constant temperature for 36-48 h, wherein the culture temperature is 30-40 ℃, the rotation speed of the shaking table is 180-200 rpm, and three primary expansion culture liquids are respectively obtained after the culture is finished;
(2) Preparing a secondary expanding culture solution: respectively adding the first-stage expanded culture solution of the lagomorpha, clostridium butyricum and lactobacillus plantarum obtained in the step (1) into corresponding culture mediums according to the inoculum size of 5-10%, and culturing lactobacillus plantarum in a constant-temperature incubator for 16-48 h at the culture temperature of 35-40 ℃; culturing clostridium butyricum in a shaking table at constant temperature for 20-48 h, wherein the culturing temperature is 25-35 ℃, and the rotating speed of the shaking table is 100-120 rpm; culturing the Brabender yeast in a shaking table at constant temperature for 36-48 h, wherein the culture temperature is 30-40 ℃, the rotation speed of the shaking table is 180-200 rpm, and three secondary expanding culture liquids are respectively obtained after the culture is finished;
(3) Preparing a three-stage expanding culture solution: respectively adding the secondary expanded culture solution of the lagomorpha, clostridium butyricum and lactobacillus plantarum obtained in the step (2) into corresponding culture mediums according to the inoculum size of 5-10%, and culturing the lactobacillus plantarum in a constant-temperature incubator for 20-48 h at the culture temperature of 35-40 ℃; culturing clostridium butyricum in a shaking table at constant temperature for 18-48 h, wherein the culturing temperature is 30-35 ℃, and the rotating speed of the shaking table is 120-140 rpm; culturing the Brabender yeast in a shaking table at constant temperature for 36-48 h, wherein the culture temperature is 25-40 ℃, the rotation speed of the shaking table is 180-200 rpm, and three secondary expanding culture liquids are respectively obtained after the culture is finished;
(4) Mixing: and uniformly mixing the three-stage expanding culture solution of the Saccharomyces boulardii, the clostridium butyricum and the lactobacillus plantarum according to the mass ratio of 3:1-2:1-1.5 to obtain the composite strain starter.
2. The special biological fermentation feed for fattening cattle in northern Jiang region according to claim 1, wherein the variety of fattening cattle in northern Jiang is one or more of brown cattle in northern Jiang, brown cattle in northern Jiang of Siemens and hybrid cattle in northern Jiang of Angas.
3. The special biological fermentation feed for fattening cattle in northern Jiang region of claim 1, wherein the culture medium for the Bulleyan in the step (1) and the step (2) is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: glucose 3%, malt extract 1%, peptone 2%, yeast extract 1%, water in balance, and pH 7.0.
4. The special biological fermentation feed for fattening cattle in northern Jiang area according to claim 1, wherein the plant milk stalks in the step (1) and the step (2) are prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: glucose 2%, peptone 1%, beef extract 1%, yeast extract 0.5%, sodium acetate 0.5%, diamine hydrogen citrate 0.2%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.2%, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 0.02%, manganese sulfate heptahydrate 0.005% and pH value of 7.4.
5. The special biological fermentation feed for fattening cattle in northern Jiang area according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium for expanding clostridium butyricum in the step (1) and the step (2) is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: glucose 0.5%, peptone 1%, beef extract 1%, yeast extract 0.3%, soluble starch 0.1%, sodium chloride 0.5%, sodium acetate trihydrate 0.3%, cysteine hydrochloride 0.015% and pH 7.4.
6. The special biological fermentation feed for fattening cattle in northern Jiang region of claim 1, wherein the three-stage expanded culture medium in the step (3) is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: molasses 5%, ammonium sulfate 1%, peptone 1%, urea 0.5%, yeast extract 1%, and water in balance, with pH value of 7.0.
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