CN113646410A - 超吸收聚合物和增加植物中糖含量的方法 - Google Patents
超吸收聚合物和增加植物中糖含量的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113646410A CN113646410A CN202080024961.XA CN202080024961A CN113646410A CN 113646410 A CN113646410 A CN 113646410A CN 202080024961 A CN202080024961 A CN 202080024961A CN 113646410 A CN113646410 A CN 113646410A
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
- C09K17/18—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds
- C09K17/32—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds of natural origin, e.g. cellulosic materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/14—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing organic compounds only
- C09K17/18—Prepolymers; Macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/173—Apparatus for changing the composition of the molten glass in glass furnaces, e.g. for colouring the molten glass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/50—1,3-Diazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazoles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
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Abstract
本文公开了一种超吸收聚合物和任选的至少一种糖增强剂以增加植物中的糖含量的组合物。本发明还提供了一种提高植物糖含量的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及使用超吸收聚合物增加植物中糖含量的方法。本发明还涉及使用超吸收聚合物培养植物以增加所述植物中的糖含量的方法。
背景技术
甘蔗(甘蔗属(Saccharum))是一种大型多年生热带或亚热带作物。它是世界上最主要的作物之一,占世界糖生产的约80%。甘蔗还在生物燃料领域发挥着越来越重要的作用,是全球乙醇生产的重要来源。甘蔗成熟茎秆含有约9至18%的蔗糖。
蔗糖是世界上最重要的乙醇来源之一,也是主要的人类食物。蔗糖主要收获自甘蔗、甜菜和其他植物。随着甘蔗产业需求的增加,蔗梗中的高蔗糖含量对农户以及种植者和农艺师来说是高度优先的。
已经开发了用于具有改善的糖含量的培育种的各种替代方法。在这种增加蔗糖含量的已知方法中,发现使用以下合成化学品是有益的,诸如氯化氯胆碱、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、三氯苯甲酸、β,β,β-三氯乙烷膦酸、N,N-双(磷甲基)甘氨酸和十四烷基三甲基氯化铵。还采用进一步的分子标记或细胞生物学和基因组方法。蔗糖含量很大程度上取决于发育阶段和一般生长条件。甘蔗成熟需要适度干燥且晴朗的季节。温度是影响低糖含量的重要因素。高温导致蔗糖转化为果糖和葡萄糖,从而导致低糖含量。在整个生育期需要充足的水分,因为甘蔗生长与蒸腾成正比。在甘蔗生产过程中,水是最重要的因素。水分不足通过减缓发芽和茎秆伸长率导致甘蔗产量降低,与正在形成的糖相比,这会导致糖含量减少(书刊-Anindam Kuila、Vinay Sharma的《木质纤维素生物质的生产工业应用(Lignocellulosic Biomass Production and Industrial Applications)》)。
US4362549描述了增加甘蔗和高粱的糖含量的方法,包括:在收获前对甘蔗和高粱施用有效量的某些磺酰脲化合物。
US4404012公开了一种通过在收获前几周用提高蔗糖产量量的2-(2-咪唑啉-2-基)吡啶化合物处理甘蔗来增加甘蔗中蔗糖产量的方法。
WO2012008367公开了一种用于甘蔗的糖含量增加剂,其具有增加糖的优异效果并且可以充分促进生长和成熟,以及使用其促进甘蔗生长和成熟的方法。用于甘蔗的糖含量增加剂,其包含作为活性成分化合物的3-[5-(二氟甲氧基)-1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)吡唑-4-基甲基磺酰基]-4,5-二氢-5,5-二甲基-1,2-恶唑。
由于这些化合物中的大多数为化学结构并且对植物具有植物毒性、激素或生长调节作用,并且在食用时对自然和动物以及人类健康造成损害。因此,需要开发一种增加植物特别是甘蔗中糖含量的新方法,该方法环境安全,容易使用,且有效地增加植物的糖含量。
发明内容
发明目的
本发明的目的是解决至少上述问题和/或缺点,并且提供至少将在后面描述的优点。
本发明的目的是使用超吸收聚合物来增加植物中的糖含量。
在另一个目的中,当超吸收聚合物用于农业目的时,其提高植物的糖含量。
本发明的另一个目的是超吸收聚合物作为保水剂用于增加植物中糖含量的用途。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种增加植物的可回收糖含量的方法。
本发明的另一个目的是使用超吸收聚合物维持供给植物的最佳水的方法。
本发明的另一个目的是提供一种用于增加糖含量的植物培育方法。
发明内容
在一个方面,本发明提供用于增加植物中糖含量的超吸收聚合物。
在一个方面,本发明提供用于增加植物中糖含量的组合物,所述组合物包含超吸收聚合物。
在另一方面,本发明提供用于增加甘蔗中糖含量的超吸收聚合物。
在另一方面,本发明提供用于增加甘蔗中糖含量的包含超吸收聚合物的组合物。
在另一方面,本发明提供一种组合物,其包含超吸收聚合物和至少一种用于增加甘蔗中糖含量的糖增强剂的组合。
在另一方面,本发明提供了当将超吸收聚合物与土壤混合用于农业目的时增加植物中糖含量的方法。
本发明的又一方面是超吸收聚合物作为保水剂用于增加植物(优选甘蔗)中糖含量的用途。
本发明的另一个方面是提供植物的培育方法,特别是在具有糖含量作为农艺上重要的性状的植物中。
在另一方面中,本发明提供一种培育甘蔗以增加糖含量的方法。
在另一方面,本发明提供一种使用超吸收聚合物保持土壤中最佳水分的方法。
另一方面,本方法具有下述优点:操作简单,在甘蔗种苗培育前将超吸收聚合物喷入垄沟内,有利于提高土壤的通透性,进一步提高甘蔗的糖含量。
发明优势
超吸收聚合物以及超吸收聚合物与糖增强剂的组合增加了甘蔗的高度、节间以及可碾磨的甘蔗的数量。
超吸收聚合物以及超吸收聚合物与糖增强剂的组合增加了叶水分。
超吸收聚合物以及超吸收聚合物与糖增强剂的组合增加了与加速作物成熟相关的叶磷含量。
超吸收聚合物以及超吸收聚合物与糖增强剂的组合增加了影响果汁品质和糖得率的叶钾含量。
超吸收聚合物以及超吸收聚合物与糖增强剂的组合增加了甘蔗的总产率。
具体实施方式
为方便起见,在进一步描述本公开内容之前,本文描述了在说明书和实施例中使用的某些术语。这些定义应当根据本公开的其余部分来阅读并且被本领域技术人员理解。本文使用的术语具有本领域技术人员公认和已知的含义。然而,为了方便和完整起见,以下阐述了具体术语及其含义。
如本文所用,术语‘植物’是指具有作为农艺学上重要的性状的糖含量的农业植物,例如小麦、黑麦、大麦、稻、黑小麦、燕麦、高粱、甘蔗、甜菜、糖用甜菜或饲用甜菜,果实,如粟、苹果、梨、李、桃子、杏仁、樱桃、草莓、树莓、黑莓或猕猴桃,豆科植物,如小扁豆、豌豆、苜蓿或大豆,油料植物,如油菜、油籽油菜、芥菜油菜、亚麻子、芥菜、橄榄、向日葵、椰子、可可豆、蓖麻油植物、油棕、落花生或大豆,葫芦类,如南瓜、黄瓜或瓜类,纤维植物,如棉花、亚麻、大麻或黄麻,柑橘类水果,如橙子、柠檬、葡萄柚或橘子,蔬菜,如菠菜、莴苣、芦笋、卷心菜、胡萝卜、洋葱、番茄、葫芦或辣椒,月桂科植物,如牛油果、肉桂或樟脑,能量和原料植物,如玉米、大豆、油菜、芸苔、油棕、玉米、烟草、坚果、咖啡、茶、香蕉、藤本植物、酒花、草皮,天然橡胶植物或观赏和林业植物,如花卉和灌木。
本文中所提及的术语“超吸收聚合物”或“SAP”是指可在水溶液中吸收许多倍于其重量的水溶胀性聚合物。不希望受理论束缚,术语超吸收聚合物还适用于吸收水以及解吸所吸收的水的聚合物。超吸收聚合物可选自但不限于水可溶胀或吸水或保水聚合物,如在水存在下溶胀而不溶解的交联聚合物,并且可吸收其重量的至少10、100、1000或更多倍于水中。
超吸收聚合物用作保水剂,并且是指具有保持水的能力并在设备需要时释放水的试剂。
在下文描述的任何方面或实施方案中,短语“包含”可以被短语“由…组成”或“基本上由…组成”或“基本上由…组成”代替。在这些方面或实施例中,所描述的组合或组合物包括或包含或由或主要由或基本上由其中所列举的具体组分组成,排除其中未具体列举的其他杀真菌剂或杀昆虫剂或植物生长促进剂或佐剂或赋形剂。
本文所用的术语“培育”是指在从播种期到成熟期的任何时期使植物生长的活性。是指在从播种期到成熟期的整个或部分时期以及随后的每个时期或通过下述两个或多个时期的组合的时期,如(1)从育苗期到成熟期;(2)从苗圃植物到成熟期;(3)从种子到苗圃植物;(4)从期望成熟之前到期望成熟之间的时期和(5)从苗圃植物到期望成熟之前的时期,人工种植植物。
成熟期包括其中至少使期望的植物体或植物体的果实、花、叶、芽、枝、茎、根和球茎的部分之一可用于收获或其中使种子或苗圃植物可用于从植物体收获的成熟期。典型地,本发明的方法可以应用于其他已知种类/物种的植物。
本发明人惊奇地发现,当在植物的培育期间使用超吸收聚合物时,其充分增加植物中的糖含量,使得在收获时植物中存在最大的糖含量。
在一个方面,本发明提供用于增加植物中糖含量的超吸收聚合物。超吸收聚合物可选自合成的、半合成的、天然来源的、可降解的、不可降解的或杂化的。
在优选的实施方案中,植物是甘蔗。
在一个方面,本发明提供用于增加植物(特别是甘蔗)中糖含量的超吸收聚合物。超吸收聚合物可选自合成的、半合成的、天然来源的、可降解的、不可降解的或杂化的。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了超吸收聚合物用于增加植物中糖含量的用途。
在一个实施方案中,超吸收聚合物可选自但不限于:丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸钠的共聚物;水解淀粉-聚丙烯腈;2-丙烯腈均聚物,水解的钠盐或聚(丙烯酰胺共-丙烯酸钠)或聚(2-丙烯酰胺共-2-丙酸,钠盐);淀粉-g-聚(2-丙烯酰胺-共-2-丙酸,混合的钠盐和铝盐);淀粉-g-聚(2-丙烯酰胺-共-2-丙酸,钾盐);聚(2-丙烯酰胺-共-2-丙酸,钠盐);聚-2-丙酸,钠盐;淀粉-g-聚(丙烯腈)或聚(2-丙烯酰胺-共-丙烯酸钠);淀粉/丙烯腈共聚物;丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸钠的交联共聚物;丙烯酰胺/聚丙烯酸钠交联聚合物;阴离子聚丙烯酰胺;淀粉接枝聚丙烯酸钠;丙烯酸聚合物,钠盐;交联的聚丙烯酸钾/聚丙烯酰胺共聚物;聚丙烯酸钠;超吸收聚合物层压材料和复合材料;交联的聚丙烯酸的部分钠盐;聚丙烯酸钾,轻度交联;聚丙烯酸钠,轻度交联;聚丙烯酸钠;聚(丙烯酸钠)均聚物;聚丙烯酰胺聚合物,角叉菜胶,琼脂,海藻酸,瓜耳胶及其衍生物,以及结冷胶;具体的超吸收聚合物包括丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸钾的交联共聚物。
在一个优选的实施方案中,超吸收聚合物可以是淀粉-g-聚(2-丙烯酰胺-共-2-丙烯酸)钾盐或交联的聚丙烯酸钾盐。
在一个实施方案中,超吸收聚合物为淀粉基超吸收聚合物。
在另一个实施方案中,淀粉基超吸收聚合物用于增加甘蔗植物中的糖含量。
在一个实施方案中,超吸收聚合物是ZebaTM。
在另一方面,本发明提供包含超吸收聚合物的组合物,所述组合物的特征在于增加甘蔗中的糖含量。
在一个实施方案中,包含超吸收聚合物的组合物优选为颗粒形式。
在另一方面,本发明提供一种组合物,其包含超吸收聚合物和至少一种用于增加甘蔗中糖含量的糖增强剂。
在一个实施方案中,糖含量增强剂选自天然或合成糖含量增强剂。
在一个实施方案中糖含量增强剂是本领域技术人员已知的。
在一个实施方案中,糖含量增强剂是植物催熟延迟剂。
在一个实施方案中,糖含量增强剂是除草剂。
在一个实施例中,组合物包含至少一种植物成熟延迟剂,或除草剂,或两者。
在一个实施方案中,糖含量增强剂选自下组但不限于:2-[[4,6-二甲基嘧啶-2-基)氨基羰基]氨基磺酰基]苯甲酸酯,2-(2-咪唑啉-2-基)吡啶,3-[5-(二氟甲氧基)-1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)吡唑-4-基甲基磺酰基]-4,5-二氢-5,5-二甲基-1,2-恶唑或草甘膦。
在一个实施方案中,糖含量增强剂选自下组,但不限于:咪草酯(imazamethabenz),咪草啶酸(imazamox),甲基咪草烟(imazapic),灭草烟(imazapyr),灭草喹(imazaquin),咪草烟(imazethapyr),草铵膦(glufosinate),草铵膦-P,草甘膦及其组合。
在一个实施方案中,包含超吸收聚合物的组合物可以以颗粒形式,或以粉末形式或以液体形式或其他农业化学上可接受的递送形式施用。
在一个优选的实施方案中,本发明的组合物为颗粒形式。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的组合物可通过各种方法施用至植物、根、种子或幼苗,所述方法包括但不限于将植物、根、种子或幼苗浸渍至超吸收聚合物组合物、超吸收聚合物的浆料、组合物或包含本发明的超吸收聚合物组合物的糊剂中;将另一种植物生长介质与超吸收聚合物组合物混合,并且之后将植物、根、种子或幼苗种植到包含本发明的超吸收聚合物组合物的植物生长介质中;或者形成直接施加到生长的基底上的超吸收聚合物组合物的浆料。
在一个实施方案中,超吸收聚合物与至少一种植物有益添加剂一起施用。
在一个实施方案中,该组合物包含超吸收聚合物和至少一种农学上有利的植物添加剂。
在一个实施方案中,所述植物有益添加剂选自:肥料,菌根,微量营养素,杀螨剂,杀藻剂,拒食剂,杀鸟剂,杀细菌剂,驱鸟剂,化学不育剂,杀真菌剂,除草安全剂,除草剂,昆虫引诱剂,驱虫剂,杀昆虫剂,驱哺乳动物剂,交配干扰剂,杀软体动物剂,杀线虫剂,植物活化剂,植物生长调节剂,灭鼠剂,增效剂,杀病毒剂,其衍生物,生物防治剂及其混合物。
在一个实施方案中,肥料选自有机和无机肥料,诸如选自但不限于:尿素、NPK、氮基肥料、磷酸盐、钙、钾、镁、硫、铜、铁、锰、钼、锌、镍、钴、硼及其盐和衍生物的那些。
示例性的有机肥料可选自:泥炭、石灰石、磷酸岩、血粉、骨粉、堆肥、腐植酸、海藻提取物、消化蛋白、鱼粉、羽毛粉、玉米粉、苜蓿粉等。
示例性的无机肥料可选自NPK,钾、锌、磷酸盐的衍生物,诸如选自但不限于:钾肥,如碳酸钾、氯化钾(也称为钾碱的氯化盐)、硫酸钾、硝酸钾、钾碱的硫酸盐;氧化镁;锌肥,诸如选自硫酸锌、氧化锌、锌氨络合物的那些;磷酸盐肥料,诸如磷酸二铵、磷酸一铵、聚磷酸铵、三过磷酸钙或其混合物。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供包含至少一种超吸收聚合物和至少一种肥料的组合物。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的组合物可以包含至少一种农用化学品。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的组合物可包含农药。
在优选的特征中,农用化学品是杀真菌剂、除草剂或杀虫剂。
在一个实施方案中,除草剂可以选自但不限于:异恶唑烷酮除草剂,脲除草剂,三嗪除草剂,羟基苄腈除草剂,硫代氨基甲酸酯除草剂,哒嗪除草剂,氯乙酰苯胺除草剂;苯并噻唑除草剂;苯基氨基甲酸酯除草剂,环己烯肟除草剂;吡啶甲酸除草剂;吡啶除草剂;喹啉羧酸除草剂;氯三嗪除草剂,
芳氧基苯氧基丙酸类除草剂,恶二唑酮类除草剂;苯基脲除草剂,磺酰苯胺除草剂;三唑并嘧啶除草剂,酰胺除草剂,哒嗪除草剂,二硝基苯胺除草剂或其组合。
在一个实施方案中,杀昆虫剂可以选自:有机或无机杀昆虫剂,天然或合成杀昆虫剂,诸如选自但不限于以下的那些:乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂(氨基甲酸盐、唑蚜威(Triazemate)、有机磷酸盐);GABA-门控氯离子通道拮抗剂(环二烯有机氯,苯基吡唑(Fiproles));烟碱乙酰胆碱受体激动剂(变构)(多杀霉素(Spinosyns));氯通道活化剂(阿维菌素(Avermectins),米尔倍霉素(Milbemycins));几丁质生物合成抑制剂,0型,鳞翅目(苯甲酰脲类(Benzoylureas));几丁质生物合成抑制剂,1型,同翅亚目(噻嗪酮(Buprofezin));蜕皮干扰剂,双翅类(灭蝇胺(Cyromazine));蜕皮激素激动剂/蜕皮干扰剂(二芳甲酰基肼类,印楝素(Azadirachtin));章鱼胺能激动剂(双甲脒(Amitraz));神经元抑制剂(未知作用模式)(联苯肼酯(Bifenazate));乌头酸酶抑制剂(氟乙酸盐);增效剂(P450-依赖性单加氧酶抑制剂,酯酶抑制剂);兰尼碱受体调节剂(二酰胺);具有未知作用模式的化合物(苯螨特(benzoximate)、Chinomichionat,三氯杀螨醇(Dicofol)、啶虫丙醚(Pyridalyl)、硼砂、鞑靼催吐剂);未知的或非特异性作用模式的化合物(熏蒸剂)(烷基卤化物、氯苦素(Chloropicrin)、磺酰氟);钠通道调节剂(DDT、甲氧氯、拟除虫菊酯、除虫菊酯);昆虫中肠膜的微生物破坏剂(B.t.subsp.Israelensis,B.sphaericus,B.t.subsp.Aizawai,B.t.subsp.kurstaki,B.t.subsp.tenebrionis);线粒体复合物IV电子传递抑制剂(磷化铝、氰化物、膦);线粒体复合物III电子传递抑制剂(偶联位点II)(氟蚁腙(Hydramethynon)、灭螨醌(Acequinocyl)、嘧螨酯(Fluacrypyrim));未知或非-特异性作用模式的化合物(四螨嗪(Clofentezine),噻螨酮(Hexythiazox),乙螨唑(Etoxazole));烟碱乙酰胆碱受体激动剂/拮抗剂(新烟碱类,烟碱,苯磺达汀(Bensultap),盐酸杀螟丹(Cartap hydrochloride),沙蚕毒素草酸盐(Nereistoxin)类似物);保幼激素模拟物(保幼激素类似物,苯氧威(Fenoxycarb),吡丙醚(Pyriproxyfen));氧化磷酸化抑制剂,ATP形成破坏剂(ATP合酶抑制剂)(丁醚脲(Diafenthiuron)、有机锡杀螨剂,克螨特(Propargite)、四氯杀螨砜(Tetradifon));线粒体复合物I电子传递抑制剂(METI杀螨剂、鱼藤酮);电压依赖性钠通道阻断剂(茚虫威(Indoxacarb));脂质合成抑制剂(季酮酸(Tetronic acid)衍生物);线粒体复合物IV电子传递抑制剂(磷化铝、氰化物、膦);具有未知或非-特异性作用模式的化合物(选择性进料阻断剂)(冰晶石,吡蚜酮(Pymetrozine),氟啶虫酰胺(Flonicamid));经由质子梯度破坏的氧化磷酸化解偶联剂(溴虫腈(Chlorfenapyr)、DNOC)。
在一个实施方案中,杀虫剂可选自氯虫苯甲酰胺、噻虫嗪或克百威。
在一个方面,本发明提供一种增加植物的糖含量的方法,所述方法包括用超吸收聚合物处理植物或其植物繁殖材料。
在优选的实施方案中,所述植物是甘蔗植物。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了增加甘蔗中蔗糖含量的方法。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供增加植物的糖含量的方法,所述方法包括用淀粉基超吸收聚合物处理植物。
在一个实施方案中,所述方法包括将所述组合物施用于在田地中生长或意欲生长的甘蔗作物。
在一个实施方案中,超吸收聚合物的用量为0.5kg-5kg/英亩。
典型地,例如ZebaTM的超吸收聚合物在播种时与基础肥料一起以5kg/英亩的量使用。
令人惊奇地,已经观察到通过使用超吸收聚合物增加了植物(优选甘蔗)中的糖含量。
进一步根据本发明,使用超吸收聚合物的培育植物在成熟前45天用糖增强剂的一次叶面喷雾处理,在甘蔗中具有高糖含量,优选至多10%或更高的蔗糖含量。
因此,叶面施用包括向目标植物施用有效量的包含至少一种糖增强剂和农业化学上可接受的载体的组合物。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的组合物的成分可以在场所进行桶混和喷雾,或者可以与表面活性剂混合然后喷雾。
在一个实施例中,本发明的组合物的成分可以用于叶面施用、地面或施用至植物繁殖材料。
在一个实施例中,本发明的组合物可以典型地通过将组合物中的活性剂与惰性载体混合,并且根据需要添加表面活性剂和其他佐剂和载体并且配制成固体或液体配制品来生产,这些配制品包括但不限于可湿性粉剂、颗粒剂、粉剂、可溶性(液体)浓缩物、悬浮液浓缩物、水包油乳剂、油包水乳剂、可乳化浓缩物、胶囊悬浮液、ZC制剂、油分散体或其它已知的制剂类型。
用于制剂的固体载体的实例包括:细粉或颗粒,如矿物,如高岭土,凹凸棒石粘土,膨润土,蒙脱石,酸性白粘土,叶蜡石,滑石,硅藻土和方解石;天然有机物质,如玉米穗轴粉和核桃壳粉等;合成有机材料,如尿素;盐,如碳酸钙和硫酸铵;合成无机材料,如合成水合氧化硅;和作为液体载体的芳族烃,如二甲苯、烷基苯和甲基萘;醇,如2-丙醇、乙二醇、丙二醇和乙二醇单乙醚;酮,如丙酮、环己酮和异佛尔酮;植物油,如大豆油、棉籽油;石油脂肪烃,酯,二甲亚砜,乙腈和水。
表面活性剂的实例包括:阴离子表面活性剂,如烷基硫酸酯盐、烷基芳基磺酸盐、二烷基磺基琥珀酸盐、聚氧乙烯烷基芳基醚磷酸酯盐、木质素磺酸盐和萘磺酸盐甲醛缩聚物;和非离子表面活性剂,如聚氧乙烯烷基芳基醚、聚氧乙烯烷基聚氧丙烯嵌段共聚物和脱水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯;和阳离子表面活性剂,如烷基三甲基铵盐。
其它制剂助剂的实例包括:水溶性聚合物,如聚乙烯醇和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;多糖,如阿拉伯胶、藻酸及其盐;CMC(羧甲基纤维素);黄原胶;无机材料,如硅酸铝镁和氧化铝溶胶;防腐剂;着色剂;和稳定剂,如PAP(酸式磷酸盐异丙基)和BHT。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供增加植物的糖含量的方法,所述方法包括用淀粉基超吸收聚合物处理植物,随后用包含至少一种糖增强剂的制剂处理。
在一个实施方案中,在植物成熟之前将糖增强剂施用至植物。
通常,在收获前至少25天用糖增强剂处理植物。
通常,在收获前至少30天用糖增强剂处理植物。
典型地,在收获前约45天用糖增强剂处理植物。优选地,在成熟前45天用糖增强剂作为叶面喷雾施用一次。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了一种使用超吸收聚合物维持土壤中最佳水分以有效生长和成熟植物的方法。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了一种培养植物的方法,该方法包括以下步骤
a)将超吸收聚合物施用至植物生长或意欲生长的场所,在播种的0至30天之间将所述超吸收聚合物施用至场所。
在一个优选的特征中,该方法包括在植物意欲生长的场所进行预种植准备。
在另一个优选的特征中,该方法包括在用至少一种农学上有利的植物添加剂进行种植之前、期间或之后不久用生长培养基处理该场所。
在一个实施例中,该方法包括在收获之前用至少一种农学上有利的植物添加剂处理该场所。
在另一个实施方案中,用于培育甘蔗以增加糖含量的方法包括将超吸收聚合物施用到茎秆或施用到甘蔗生长或意欲生长的场所。
在优选的特征中,在播种或种植作物的0至30天之间施用超吸收聚合物。
在优选的特征中,培育甘蔗的方法包括以下特征中的至少一个或多个:
a)将老甘蔗植株的茎秆切碎;或
b)甘蔗种苗/茎秆培育前进行预种植准备;或
c)在土壤中播种/种植秸秆片;或
d)在种植之前、期间或之后,用至少一种农学上有利的植物添加剂用生长培养基处理土壤。
在一个实施方案中,所述方法包括在播种或种植茎秆的0至30天之间施用超吸收聚合物一次。
在一个实施方案中,在播种作物时施用超吸收聚合物。
在另一个实施方案中,播种甘蔗的方法是沟渠或犁沟。
在另一个实施方案中,播种时甘蔗之间的间距为30cm至50cm。
在另一个实施方案中,播种时甘蔗之间的间距为20cm至80cm、更优选36cm至48cm。
在另一个实施方案中,进行灌溉直至收获的次数为8至15次。
在一个实施方案中,所述方法包括施用与至少一种糖增强剂组合的超吸收聚合物。
优选在播种时施用超吸收聚合物,并且在植物的种植或播种期间和/或之后单独、一起或同时或随后或之前施用糖增强剂。
在一个实施方案中,增加植物的糖含量的方法包括在收获前将淀粉基超吸收聚合物施用至土壤。
在另一个实施方案中,在甘蔗的培育期间使用超吸收聚合物以增加收获的甘蔗的蔗糖含量。
根据本发明,使用超吸收聚合物的培育植物在甘蔗中具有高糖含量,优选至多10%或更高的蔗糖含量。
根据本发明,使用超吸收聚合物的培育植物在甘蔗中具有高糖含量,优选至多15%或更高的蔗糖含量。
根据本发明,甘蔗汁的糖含量增加高达10%。
根据本发明,甘蔗汁的糖含量增加高达15%。
根据本发明,由所述甘蔗获得的糖产率增加高达60%。
根据本发明,期望的糖回收率介于10%-100%之间增加。
根据本发明,期望的糖回收率介于10%-80%之间增加。
根据本发明,期望的糖回收率介于10%-70%之间增加。
根据本发明,期望的糖回收率介于10%-60%之间增加。
根据本发明,期望的糖回收率介于10%-50%之间增加。
在另一方面,本发明提供了通过使土壤与包含超吸收聚合物的组合物接触来改善植物质量的方法。
典型地,使用超吸收聚合物,植物的质量已经根据本发明得到改善,其包括但不限于通过以下所确定的植物的质量:增加的养分含量、增加的蛋白质含量、增加的脂肪酸含量、增加的代谢物含量、增加的类胡萝卜素含量、增加的糖含量、增加的氨基酸含量、改善的叶色、增加的产量、增加的植物高度、增加的生产量、增加的结节数量、增加的围长及其组合。
根据本发明的培育方法培育的甘蔗具有增加的糖含量、增加的周长、增加的高度、增加的节数、减少的灌溉需要和增加的生产量。
在一个实施方案中,如上文所述的组合物可以与至少一种肥料、微量营养素和其他农学上有利的植物添加剂组合。
在一个实施方案中,组合物的组分可以单独地、一起或同时或随后或在植物的种植或播种期间和/或之后施用至田地。用于将组合物的组分施用到茎段的土壤或场所的方法和它们的施用率是本领域技术人员已知的并且是常规实践的。
在一个实施方案中,淀粉基超吸收聚合物的筛目尺寸可以为约20目-约500目。在另一个实施方案中,筛目尺寸可以为60目-约150目、优选为约80至120目。
在另一个实施方案中,超吸收聚合物的应用范围为0.5-1000Kg/英亩。
在另一个实施方案中,超吸收聚合物的施加在1-500Kg/英亩的范围内、更优选1-500Kg/英亩、更优选1-100Kg/英亩、更优选1-10Kg/英亩、更优选0.5-5Kg/英亩。
在另一个实施方案中,在耕作期间通过将超吸收聚合物铺展在土壤上或通过任何其它常规农业技术施用超吸收聚合物。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供超吸收聚合物用于增加植物作物或其产物的糖含量的用途。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了通过将本发明的超吸收聚合物施用至植物根部来提高作物产量的方法。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了包含超吸收聚合物组分的多包装农产品;以及指导用户将混合物施用到场所的指导手册。
在一个实施方案中,多包装包含至少一种植物有益添加剂或至少一种糖增强剂。
在另一方面,超吸收聚合物和任选的对植物有利的添加剂可以包装为成套包装部件,其有助于在施用时添加超吸收聚合物和任选的对植物有利的添加剂。
因此,在该方面,本发明提供了包含超吸收聚合物的多包装农产品;任选地包含至少一种对植物有利的添加剂的容器;以及指导用户将混合物施用到场所的指导手册。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了一种多包装农产品,其包含:包含至少一种超吸收聚合物的第一容器;
包含至少一种肥料或杀虫剂或两者的第二容器;和
指导手册,该指导手册指导使用者混合所述第一容器和第二容器的内容物并且将混合物施用至田地。
本发明提供的优点将从本文下面给出的实施例更加明显。这些实施例仅作为本发明的说明而提供,并不意图解释为对本发明的限制。
实施例
以下实施例旨在说明本发明。给出这些实施例是为了举例说明本发明,而不应被认为是限制本发明的范围。
实施例1:
田间试验
评价了七块甘蔗种植地。将每个地块分成两部分。一部分在播种时喷雾超吸收聚合物,另一部分不喷雾超吸收聚合物(SAP)(对照)。喷雾的超吸收聚合物(SAP、Zeba)的量在5Kg/英亩的范围内。按沟播、垄沟播种,播种时甘蔗距30cm至48cm,灌水至收获8至15次等参数进行培育。对植株进行表面灌溉以维持其正常生长。收获作物。
处理后随机采集各小区的蔗茎。结果显示在表1中。
结论:
观察到用淀粉基超吸收聚合物处理的甘蔗中蔗糖含量百分比增加。因此,可以得出的结论是,与没有超吸收聚合物的结果相比,使用SAP显示出蔗糖含量(pol%,期望糖回收率和白利糖度%)的增加。
有利地,期望糖回收率比对照地块增加高达60%。
实施例2:
田间试验
在种沟中栽种两眼(芽)甘蔗的地块,并像这样栽种六行。根据
表2产生六种处理:
T1 | 对照 | |
T2 | 超吸收聚合物 | 在种沟中与基础肥料一起施用5kg/英亩 |
T3 | 灭草烟 | 在成熟前45天一次叶面喷雾,1.2L/英亩(制剂) |
T4 | 草甘膦 | 在成熟前45天一次叶面喷雾,1.2L/英亩(制剂) |
T5 | 超吸收聚合物+灭草烟 | 在成熟前45天,Zeba+一次叶面喷雾,1.2L/英亩(制剂) |
T6 | 超吸收聚合物+草甘膦 | 在成熟前45天,Zeba+一次叶面喷雾,1.2L/英亩(制剂) |
通过国际糖分析委员会(ICUMSA)1994年提供的统一糖分析方法的标准方法,以不同的时间间隔分析白利糖度%(Brix%)、波尔%(Pol%)、含量以确定收获甘蔗的最佳时间以获得最佳糖回收。
遵循标准灌溉和其他农业实践。
观察结果列于下表:
糖回收-对含有5个甘蔗/地块的代表性样品进行蔗汁分析和糖回收分析。
表3:
糖回收,喷雾 | 糖回收,30DAS* | 30DAS*相对于对照的糖回收率增加% | |
对照 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 0.3 |
草甘膦 | 11.5 | 11.4 | -3.6 |
Zeba+草甘膦 | 11.2 | 12.8 | 8.4 |
表4.
糖回收,喷雾 | 糖回收,45DAS | 45DAS相对于对照的糖回收率增加% | |
对照 | 11.8 | 11.9 | 1.3 |
Zeba | 11.8 | 12.3 | 4.2 |
表5-Pol%
Pol%,喷雾 | Pol%,30DAS* | 30DAS*相对于对照的Pol增加% | |
对照 | 15.7 | 17.2 | 9.6 |
草甘膦 | 17.1 | 14.8 | -5.5 |
Zeba+草甘膦 | 17.3 | 18.4 | 17.4 |
表6
表7
Pol%,喷雾 | Pol%,45DAS | 45DAS*相对于对照的Pol增加% | |
对照 | 15.7 | 16.4 | 4.8 |
灭草烟 | 17.4 | 17.2 | 9.8 |
Zeba+灭草烟 | 17.7 | 17.6 | 11.9 |
表8在喷雾45天后分析含有5个甘蔗/地块的代表性样品的产量。
甘蔗产量Mt/英亩 | |
对照 | 71.28 |
Zeba | 95 |
灭草烟 | 75.072 |
草甘膦 | 74.796 |
Zeba+灭草烟 | 94.3 |
Zeba+草甘膦 | 94.1 |
表9
分析含有5个甘蔗/地块的代表性样品的叶中的磷、水分和钾含量:
研究SAP单独或与糖增强剂组合对不同参数(水分%、磷%、钾%、氮%)的影响以评估作物成熟度
SAP=超吸收聚合物
结论:
观察到,当用超吸收聚合物单独或与糖增强剂即草甘膦和灭草烟组合处理甘蔗时,可回收糖和白利糖度%增加。还观察到产量、叶片含水量、钾含量和磷含量增加。
清楚地观察到,与单独的SAP或草甘膦相比,在草甘膦喷雾后30天,超吸收聚合物和草甘膦的组合增加甘蔗的糖含量和汁液质量方面更有效得多。
Claims (27)
1.一种用于增加植物中糖含量的组合物,所述组合物包含超吸收聚合物。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合物,其中所述超吸收聚合物选自由以下组成的组:丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸钠的共聚物;水解淀粉-聚丙烯腈;2-丙烯腈均聚物,水解的钠盐或聚(丙烯酰胺共-丙烯酸钠)或聚(2-丙烯酰胺共-2-丙酸,钠盐);淀粉-g-聚(2-丙烯酰胺-共-2-丙酸,混合的钠盐和铝盐);淀粉-g-聚(2-丙烯酰胺-共-2-丙酸,钾盐);聚(2-丙烯酰胺-共-2-丙酸,钠盐);聚-2-丙酸,钠盐;淀粉-g-聚(丙烯腈)或聚(2-丙烯酰胺-共-丙烯酸钠);淀粉/丙烯腈共聚物;丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸钠的交联共聚物;丙烯酰胺/聚丙烯酸钠交联聚合物;阴离子聚丙烯酰胺;淀粉接枝聚丙烯酸钠;丙烯酸聚合物,钠盐;交联的聚丙烯酸钾/聚丙烯酰胺共聚物;聚丙烯酸钠;超吸收聚合物层压材料和复合材料;交联的聚丙烯酸的部分钠盐;聚丙烯酸钾,轻度交联;聚丙烯酸钠,轻度交联;聚丙烯酸钠;聚(丙烯酸钠)均聚物;聚丙烯酰胺聚合物,角叉菜胶,琼脂,海藻酸,瓜耳胶及其衍生物,以及结冷胶。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的组合物,其中所述超吸收聚合物为淀粉-g-聚(2-丙烯酰胺-共-2-丙烯酸)钾盐或交联聚丙烯酸钾盐。
4.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其为颗粒或粉末形式。
5.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,进一步包含至少一种植物成熟延迟剂,或一种糖增强剂,或两者。
6.如权利要求5所述的组合物,其包含至少一种糖增强剂,所述糖增强剂选自由以下组成的组:2-[[4,6-二甲基嘧啶-2-基)氨基羰基]氨基磺酰基]苯甲酸酯,2-(2-咪唑啉-2-基)吡啶,3-[5-(二氟甲氧基)-1-甲基-3-(三氟甲基)吡唑-4-基甲基磺酰基]-4,5-二氢-5,5-二甲基-1,2-恶唑或草甘膦。
7.如权利要求5所述的组合物,其中所述糖增强剂选自由以下组成的组:咪草酯,咪草啶酸,甲基咪草烟,灭草烟,灭草喹,咪草烟,草铵膦,草铵膦-P,草甘膦及其组合。
8.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,所述组合物包含至少一种植物有益添加剂,所述植物有益添加剂选自肥料,菌根,微量营养素,杀螨剂,杀藻剂,拒食剂,杀鸟剂,杀细菌剂,驱鸟剂,化学不育剂,杀真菌剂,除草安全剂,除草剂,昆虫引诱剂,驱虫剂,杀昆虫剂,驱哺乳动物剂,交配干扰剂,杀软体动物剂,杀线虫剂,植物活化剂,植物生长调节剂,灭鼠剂,增效剂,杀病毒剂,其衍生物,生物防治剂或其混合物。
9.如权利要求8所述的组合物,其中所述植物有益添加剂是肥料。
10.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,进一步包含至少一种农用化学品。
11.如权利要求10所述的组合物,其中所述农用化学品是杀真菌剂、除草剂或杀昆虫剂。
12.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物,其中将所述组合物施用于生长或意欲在田地中生长的甘蔗作物。
13.一种增加植物的糖含量的方法,所述方法包括用超吸收聚合物处理植物或其植物繁殖材料。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中所述植物是甘蔗植物。
15.如权利要求13-14所述的方法,其中在播种的0至30天之间将所述超吸收聚合物施用至作物生长或意欲生长的场所。
16.如权利要求13-15所述的方法,所述方法包括在收获前进一步用至少一种农学上有利的植物添加剂处理所述场所。
17.如权利要求13-16所述的方法,其中所述方法包括施用任选地与至少一种糖增强剂组合的所述超吸收聚合物。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中,在收获前至少25-45天、优选30-45天、更优选在收获前45天用糖增强剂处理植物。
19.一种从前述权利要求任一项获得的甘蔗汁,其期望糖回收率增加至多10%-100%。
20.高吸收聚合物用于增加植物作物或其产品的糖含量的用途。
21.如权利要求20所述的用途,其中通过用超吸收聚合物处理所述植物或植物繁殖材料来增加糖含量。
22.如权利要求20所述的用途,其中所述植物是甘蔗植物。
23.如权利要求21所述的用途,其中在播种的0至30天之间将所述超吸收聚合物施用至作物生长或意欲生长的植物。
24.如权利要求21所述的用途,进一步包括在收获前用至少一种农学上有利的植物添加剂处理所述植物。
25.超吸收聚合物与至少一种糖增强剂组合用于增加植物中糖含量的用途,其中在收获前至少25-45天、优选在收获前30-45天、更优选在收获前45天,施用糖增强剂。
26.一种多包装农产品,其包含超吸收聚合物组分;以及指导用户将混合物施用到场所的指导手册。
27.如权利要求26所述的产品,其包含至少一种植物有益添加剂或至少一种糖增强剂。
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US20080066509A1 (en) * | 2004-06-22 | 2008-03-20 | Geoff Turley | Biodegradable Polymeric Concentrate |
US20130174483A1 (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2013-07-11 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Plant artificial seeds and methods for the production thereof |
WO2016113727A2 (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-07-21 | Basf Se | Use of a superabsorbent polymer for improving plant health by changing the gene expression in a plant |
US20160213000A1 (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2016-07-28 | Basf Agrochemical Products B.V. | Method for Controlling Weeds in Sugar Cane Plantations |
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US4280832A (en) * | 1980-03-25 | 1981-07-28 | Union Carbide Corporation | Pyridyloxy-phenoxyalkane carboxylic acids and derivatives as sugar enhancers for plants |
US20080066509A1 (en) * | 2004-06-22 | 2008-03-20 | Geoff Turley | Biodegradable Polymeric Concentrate |
US20070163173A1 (en) * | 2006-01-17 | 2007-07-19 | Savich Milan H | Superabsorbent polymer root dip |
US20130174483A1 (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2013-07-11 | E I Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Plant artificial seeds and methods for the production thereof |
US20160213000A1 (en) * | 2013-09-26 | 2016-07-28 | Basf Agrochemical Products B.V. | Method for Controlling Weeds in Sugar Cane Plantations |
WO2016113727A2 (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-07-21 | Basf Se | Use of a superabsorbent polymer for improving plant health by changing the gene expression in a plant |
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