CN113645966A - 口服吸收高的t4甲状腺激素溶液的给药方案 - Google Patents
口服吸收高的t4甲状腺激素溶液的给药方案 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
描述T4甲状腺激素的新给药方案,其特征在于,使用所述激素的无酒精、水‑甘油溶液,在距最近一餐的短时间内给药,即在小于30分钟内,通常15分钟至小于30分钟之间给药。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于与甲状腺激素缺乏相关的疾病的治疗领域,尤其是研究将药物用于治疗所述疾病的新型改进方式。
背景技术
T4甲状腺激素(左旋甲状腺素或四碘甲状腺原氨酸)由甲状腺滤泡细胞分泌,作为对脑垂体激素TSH的反应,垂体激素TSH的产生又由下丘脑激素TRH调节。脑垂体还分泌T3激素(碘塞罗宁或三碘甲腺原氨酸);事实上,人体中的大部分T3是由T4代谢转化而来,这种转化是在甲状腺外进行的。甲状腺激素对于儿童的正常身体发育和各种器官(尤其是骨骼)的成熟至关重要,并调节成人的代谢活动,影响每个器官和组织的功能。特别是激素T3/T4会增加休息时的耗氧量,增加基础代谢、体温和每日热量需求。它们进一步调节碳水化合物代谢,促进糖原分解和糖异生,并增加参与葡萄糖氧化的酶的活性。T3/T4甲状腺激素参与脂肪分解和脂肪生成,调节蛋白质合成,对肌肉产生营养作用并影响心血管系统。它们对心脏功能更为重要:它们增加心肌收缩性(正性肌力作用)、心率(正性变时作用)和心脏静脉回流。
甲状腺激素的药物组合物通常用于治疗或预防与甲状腺激素缺乏相关的疾病。这种治疗通常会贯穿患者的一生,同时应根据患者的反应定制剂量学(剂量和给药频率)。甲状腺激素可以方便地口服给药。使用T4激素通常优于使用T3。给药优选通过口服溶液进行。例如,专利申请WO2018/073209描述了一种T4甲状腺激素的无酒精口服溶液,稳定性高,即防止T4转化为T3。在另一个例子中,专利申请WO2013/072304描述了T4甲状腺激素在水-酒精-甘油溶液中的组合物,用于口服给药;酒精的存在,除了可以促进激素溶解和确保良好的总体稳定性外,还有助于口服给药后组合物的吸收。事实上,已知少量乙醇会加速药物的生物利用度,增强药物的溶解,刺激胃肠血流并抑制首过效应的代谢(Drugs,18,1979,p.299-31 1);同一出版物还提到少量乙醇会增加胃酸分泌,并且进一步已知(例如,来自Pharmaceutical Research,9(1),1992,第131-1378页)T4激素的溶解度在胃酸过多条件下最大化。与上述发现一致,在出版物Endocrine,2016,52,第571-578页中,报告了口服Oral溶液(一种基于乙醇-甘油的T4激素溶液)后T4激素吸收显著(参见GazzettaUfficiale[意大利],Serie generale n°237,1 1.10.201 1);该吸收数据是从早餐或早餐前10分钟服用了该药物后的患者身上获得;作者推测,这些吸收水平与在距早餐30分钟前服用该溶液所获得的水平在临床上没有区别。
选择正确的剂量仍然是甲状腺激素治疗的一个关键方面:剂量不足会导致反应差,而过量服用可引起中毒性甲状腺功能减退症症状,如心动过速、出汗、体重减轻、神经质、腹泻、由于破骨细胞活化引起的骨吸收和心脏问题。因此,患者依赖剂量准确度可靠的制剂是很重要的。给药剂量的定量吸收是特别需要的,并且在T4激素的情况下很重要:事实上,各种研究报告了由胃肠道中食物的存在引起的T4激素吸收不良;例如,在消化过程中观察到的胃酸度降低被认为是在接近进餐时给药时导致T4吸收不良的原因;此外,考虑到T4通常在一天开始时给药,其他研究调查了食物对T4吸收的影响,通常假设是在早餐的时候摄入的这些食物;特别是咖啡在隔离胃中含有的T4方面具有不良活性,减少其在循环中的吸收(有关该领域研究的回顾,请参见Thyroid,24(12),2014,第1670页等)。
基于上述研究,在治疗中,通常建议在饭前和饭后很长时间后服用T4口服制剂。这种给药方案不适合普通患者,因为他们需要推迟早餐时间,或者早起以免耽误早餐;由于T4给药通常是慢性的,因此患者的日常生活受到长期干扰,因此这些缺点更加严重。不舒服的给药方案又带来依从性问题,有可能出现治疗中断和治疗效果降低/丧失。迄今为止,对独立于患者饮食方案的T4制剂的研究仅进行了部分探索,没有简单的T4制剂的例子,这些T4制剂尤其不含刺激吸收的添加剂,对胃肠道食物含量的依赖性较低。
发明内容
如今,令人惊讶地观察到,下文描述的一些用于口服给药的T4激素药物溶液,具有简单的配方,明显不受饮食方案的影响,并且可以基本上独立于餐食给药,即事实上在接近进餐时给药不会导致T4的胃肠道吸收显著降低。因此可以在距离最近一次进餐的更短时间间隔内,通常在30分钟内,即,距进餐15分钟至小于30分钟之间服用该溶液。通常在早上,距离早餐上述时间内服用本T4溶液。因此,营养和T4给药之间的干扰显著降低,并获得了更高和可重复的T4血液水平,即受患者食物循环的影响较小。此外,解决了目前普遍推荐的口服T4制剂给药不舒服的问题,从而提高了依从性,保证了更好的治疗效果。
具体实施方式
本发明的目的是一种新的T4甲状腺激素给药方式(方案),从所述激素吸收进入循环的角度来看是非常有效的,其中T4甲状腺激素的无酒精、水-甘油溶液是用于治疗或预防由甲状腺激素缺乏引起的疾病;所述给药方案的特征在于在距患者最近一次进食的特别短的时间间隔内,通常在30分钟内的,例如,距所述进食15和30分钟之间,服用该溶液。根据所述时间距离,可以在所讨论的餐前或餐后进行服用本发明的T4甲状腺激素溶液;最好在饭前服用该溶液。术语“进食”广义上来说,是指在上述时间内,在施用本T4甲状腺激素溶液之前或之后可以无差别地食用的餐食。餐食可以是属于日常饮食一部分的任何一餐,即早餐、早午餐、午餐、欢乐时光、晚餐等;考虑到T4给药优选在清晨进行,因此所讨论的膳食优选为早餐。关于膳食的定性和定量内容,没有约束性限制:然而,所讨论的膳食最好具有适量营养成分,因为它通常可以被定义为“简餐”。营养专家通常能够根据组成它的食物的类型和数量,特别是所含脂肪的量来选择简餐;根据本发明有用的清淡膳食的定义是热量含量低于750卡路里、优选低于500卡路里、更优选低于300卡路里的膳食,与构成它的食品的类型无关。平均欧陆式早餐(包括牛奶/咖啡/茶中的一种,以及其他纤维、酸奶、少量零食),是根据本发明的“简餐”。
基于以上解释的原理,本发明可以定义为一种药物溶液,其在无酒精的水-甘油溶液中包含T4甲状腺激素,用于治疗或预防与一种或多种甲状腺激素缺乏相关的疾病,其特征在于,所述溶液在小于30分钟内给药,例如距离最近一餐的15到不到30分钟之间内给药。
本发明可以等同地定义为T4甲状腺激素的无酒精、水-甘油溶液在制备用于治疗和/或预防由一种或多种甲状腺激素减少的产物所引起的疾病的药物中的用途,其中距最近的一餐的15分钟至小于30分钟之间的时间内给药(即,药物是给药方案的一部分)。
本发明同样可以定义为一种治疗和/或预防由一种或多种甲状腺激素减少产物引起的疾病的方法,其特征在于距最近一餐的30分钟内,例如在15分钟至小于30分钟之间的时间内施用T4甲状腺激素的无酒精、水-甘油的溶液。
本发明可以同样定义为通过对患有由一种或多种甲状腺激素减少的产物引起的疾病的患者亚组施用T4甲状腺激素的无酒精、水-甘油溶液来进行治疗,所述患者是从30分钟内刚吃完或将要在30分钟内吃完一餐的患者中选出的,这30分钟内例如为从所述给药开始的15分钟至小于30分钟之间。
在所有上述形式中,用于计算上述时间距离的参考时间点是:(a)口服剂型摄入的时间,即口服剂型接触患者的口腔和(b)最近一餐开始。
本发明中使用的水-甘油溶液包含水和甘油,其用量可广泛变化;不一定要添加水,因为它可以是最初包含在商业甘油中的那种水(甘油确实具有85%的效价,即在水中的浓度为85%w/w);在本发明的范围内,可以使用水中甘油的w/w浓度的其他值;例如40%、45%、50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%、90%、95%、99%以及其中的任何范围。
在本方案中,T4激素与甘油的重量比[此处指纯物质,即不考虑其含水组分]通常在0.002:1000和2.5:1000之间(即从2到2500ppm)。优选地,本发明的水-甘油溶液被配制和包装为单剂量单位(单剂量包装);在这种情况下,合适的剂量单位通常包含5至1000pg(或优选10至500pg)的T4激素。
与本发明的T4甲状腺激素溶液相关的术语“无酒精”是指该溶液不含低分子量醇;术语“低分子量醇”是指分子量低于80道尔顿的烷醇:例如,甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丙二醇、异丙醇和类似醇类;因此,术语“无酒精”仍然与溶液中存在的甘油相容(其分子量为92.1道尔顿)。根据上述参数并且优选可用于本发明的上下文中的水-甘油溶液的实例在以申请人的名义的共同未决申请WO2018/073209中进行了介绍,该申请通过引用并入本文。在本发明中,特别重要的是,即使所讨论的水-甘油溶液不含能够促进活性成分通过粘膜吸收的乙醇或类似醇,并且考虑到餐后很快口服T4激素是很难吸收的,距最近的一餐的大大缩短的时间间隔中,例如约20分钟内,讨论中的水-甘油溶液会使T4吸收基本保持不变。
尽管本发明的特征在于存在作为主要活性成分的T4甲状腺激素,但本发明的溶液可以任选地包含其他活性成分,特别是用于治疗由甲状腺激素缺乏引起的疾病和/或相关症状的其他活性成分。这种类型的典型的其他活性成分可以是T3甲状腺激素:T3甲状腺激素可以有意添加或包含在痕量中(例如作为T4转化为T3的副产品);在后一种情况下,T3的量通常非常低,因为本发明的水-甘油溶液的稳定性高,具体表现为T4激素向T3激素的转化减少。
本溶液的其他任选成分是那些可常用于配制口服给药的活性成分溶液的成分。药物配方师根据已知的教导来选择使用何种活性成分。然而,需要注意的是,本发明的不含酒精的T4-水-甘油溶液的稳定性高,从而有利地不需要引入稳定剂(例如pH调节剂、缓冲剂、螯合剂等);如此配制本发明的溶液具有其他有利优势,即,没有必要再向患者施用添加剂,同时降低了最终药物的复杂性/成本。
可以简易包装形成将本溶液提供给用户。包装形式和可用的包装材料的选择范围很广。一种有利的包装方式是可挤压的单剂量容器;尤其如WO2018/073209中所述,多组分层压容器由多层几下物质组成:聚乙烯、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物树脂、聚氯乙烯、聚偏二氯乙烯、聚乙酸乙烯酯、氟化-氯化树脂、离聚物树脂、环烯烃共聚物、聚酰胺、聚苯乙烯、聚碳酸酯、层压金属、纸,获得具有理想挤压度的容器,以确保通过手动压缩容器完全排出溶液剂量,同时对溶液提供极好的保护;此外,正如在WO2018/073209中所示,可以通过使用上述容器和其中含有这种容器的辅助容器来提高保护;所述辅助容器可以是例如通过层压不同材料制成的小袋,这些不同材料例如聚乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、离聚物树脂、铝、纸、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物树脂、氟化-氯化树脂等。
现在通过以下非限制性实施例描述本发明。
实验部分
一项具有交叉设计的随机、开放标签、药代动力学研究,比较了在早餐前20分钟或在完全禁食条件下(即,施用左旋甲状腺素后的10小时至4小时之间开始禁食),向12名健康志愿者施用根据本发明的口服左旋甲状腺素溶液,给药剂量为单剂量600mcg。
该项研究提供了以下结果。
表1针对血清左旋甲状腺素计算并针对基础水平调整的药代动力学参数总结
N:观察次数;SD:标准差;CV:变异系数;Min:最小值;Max:最大值。
Cmax:最大观察浓度;AUCo-48:从零时刻到最后可测浓度时刻的曲线下面积;Tmax:观察到的Cmax的时间
治疗A:在完全禁食的情况下施用的左旋甲状腺素(600μg)口服溶液。
治疗B:在早餐前20分钟施用左旋甲状腺素(600μg)的口服溶液。
表2针对血清左甲状腺素计算并针对基础水平调整的药代动力学参数的几何最小二乘平均比(B/A)
1使用最小二乘均值根据以下公式计算:exp<(DIFFERENCE)*100。
LSM:最小二乘均值。
Cmax:最大观察浓度;AUCo-48:从零时刻到最后可测浓度时刻的曲线下面积;
治疗A:在完全禁食的情况下施用的左旋甲状腺素(600μg)口服溶液。
治疗B:在早餐前20分钟施用左旋甲状腺素(600μg)的口服溶液。
以上提供的数据表明,早餐前20分钟施用左旋甲状腺素口服溶液的吸收速率和宽度要比与在完全禁食状态下施用左旋甲状腺素口服溶液高80%:一个非常温和的变化,还考虑到了在治疗A或B中,最近一餐给药的范围时间差。因此推断,根据本发明的左旋甲状腺素口服溶液的生物利用度在临床意义中不受膳食摄入的影响。
Claims (10)
1.在不含酒精的水-甘油溶液中包含T4甲状腺激素的药物溶液,用于治疗或预防与一种或多种患者所必需的甲状腺激素缺乏有关的疾病,其特征在于,在患者最近进食的30分钟内施用所述溶液。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途的药物溶液,其特征在于,所述溶液在距离所述进食起15分钟至小于30分钟的时间内施用。
3.根据权利要求1至2所述的用途的药物溶液,其特征在于,所述溶液在所述进食前15分钟至小于30分钟之间的时间内施用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用途的药物溶液,其特征在于,所述进食是早餐。
5.根据权利要求1至4所述的用途的药物溶液,其特征在于,所述进食提供小于750卡路里的热量。
6.用于根据权利要求1至5所述的用途的溶液,其特征在于,所述水-甘油溶液在水中的甘油的w/w浓度在40%和99%之间。
7.根据权利要求1至6所述的用途的溶液,其特征在于,所述水-甘油溶液以剂量单位的形式,包含5至1000μg T4甲状腺激素。
8.根据权利要求1至7所述的用途的溶液,其特征在于,所述水-甘油溶液以剂量单位的形式,包含10-500μg T4甲状腺激素。
9.根据权利要求1至8所述的用途的溶液,其特征在于,所述T4甲状腺激素相对于甘油所含的量按重量计为2至2500ppm之间。
10.根据权利要求1至9所述用途的溶液,其特征在于,所述溶液不含稳定剂。
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