CN113644415B - Ultra-wideband dual-polarized all-metal Vivaldi antenna unit and array antenna thereof - Google Patents

Ultra-wideband dual-polarized all-metal Vivaldi antenna unit and array antenna thereof Download PDF

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CN113644415B
CN113644415B CN202110810224.9A CN202110810224A CN113644415B CN 113644415 B CN113644415 B CN 113644415B CN 202110810224 A CN202110810224 A CN 202110810224A CN 113644415 B CN113644415 B CN 113644415B
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metal
polarized
blade
antenna
vivaldi
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CN113644415A (en
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钱嵩松
张汐
司马博羽
吴文
宗志园
王翔
朱佳乐
朱浩伟
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006Particular feeding systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061Two dimensional planar arrays

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an ultra-wideband dual-polarized all-metal Vivaldi antenna unit and an array antenna thereof, wherein the dual-polarized unit is formed by eccentric orthogonal placement of two linearly polarized all-metal Vivaldi antennas with identical radiation structures; each linear polarization Vivaldi antenna comprises two metal blades which are oppositely arranged, wherein one blade is provided with a feed cavity groove structure and a female circular arc tooth, and the other blade is provided with a male circular arc tooth; two Vivaldi antennas are installed on the same metal base plate, and two radio frequency connectors are installed on the other side of the base plate. The array antenna is formed by closely connecting the dual-polarized units in a rectangular grid mode. The invention has the advantages that the feed connector is a commercial standard radio frequency connector, other parts are completely formed by metal flat plates, the processing technology is simple, the cost is low, the structural stability is good, the power capacity is large, the bandwidth is wide, and the invention is particularly suitable for modern communication or radar systems with higher and higher requirements on data transmission and anti-interference performance.

Description

Ultra-wideband dual-polarized all-metal Vivaldi antenna unit and array antenna thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave antennas, and particularly relates to an ultra-wideband dual-polarized all-metal Vivaldi antenna unit and an array antenna thereof.
Background
Modern communication, radar and other applications have high requirements on high-speed data transceiving or anti-interference, and ultra-wideband antennas are one of basic technologies meeting the requirements. For example, the ultra wideband antenna bandwidth defined by the FCC may cover 3.1-10.6GHz, while some new radars currently even propose to require the antenna bandwidth to span the S to Ku band, i.e., 2-18GHz. On the other hand, in order to cope with transmission and reception of electromagnetic waves of arbitrary polarization, an antenna or an array antenna is required to have a dual polarization function.
Vivaldi antennas have received great attention and development since their proposal due to their ultra wideband performance, and currently there are mainly dielectric substrate types and all-metal types. The dielectric substrate can be manufactured by adopting a printed circuit technology, the section of the antenna is very low, but the mechanical strength is insufficient, and the feed structure is complex in transition; the all-metal Vivaldi antenna can be directly fed through the coaxial radio frequency connector, the structure is simple and firm, the whole antenna can achieve high mechanical strength, and the all-metal Vivaldi antenna is more suitable for harsh working environments.
Document 1(Kindt R W,Pickles W R.Ultrawideband All-Metal Flared-Notch Array Radiator[J].Antennas and Propagation,IEEE Transactions on,2010,58(11):p.3568-3575.) discloses an all-metal dual polarized Vivaldi array antenna, but with a feed matching cavity slot of very long dimensions, located under the blade widening slot, resulting in a very long antenna longitudinal dimension.
Chinese patent No. CN 110994160A discloses a single polarized metal Vivaldi array antenna whose feed cavity slot is compact, but it requires a special solder viewing hole on the blade, in fact such a small hole is inconvenient for soldering; more importantly, the antenna elements of the array are too thick to cross to form dual polarized elements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ultra-wideband dual-polarized all-metal Vivaldi antenna unit and an array antenna thereof, wherein a feed cavity groove is completely arranged in an antenna blade, so that a feed connector is convenient to weld and pull, arc teeth are overlapped on a gradual-change slotting curve of the blade, the longitudinal size of the antenna is effectively reduced, and the ultra-wideband antenna unit has good ultra-wideband performance.
The technical scheme for realizing the invention is as follows: an ultra-wideband dual-polarized all-metal Vivaldi antenna unit comprises two orthogonally arranged linear-polarized all-metal Vivaldi antennas, a common mounting base plate and a radio frequency connector for feeding the two linear-polarized all-metal Vivaldi antennas respectively.
An array antenna is formed by tightly connecting dual-polarized antenna units in a horizontal and vertical mode according to a square grid.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that: 1) The feed cavity groove is completely arranged in the Vivaldi antenna blade, so that the longitudinal size of the antenna is obviously reduced; 2) The radio frequency joint probe can extend into the matching cavity and expose the probe so as to be convenient for welding with the blade; 3) The antenna blade gradual change slot line is overlapped with the arc teeth, so that the bandwidth of the antenna can be further expanded; 4) The thickness of the antenna blade is thinner, so that two linearly polarized antennas can be crossed to form a dual-polarized unit; 5) All parts except the feeder connector are made of commercial SMP connectors, and are sheet metal components, so that batch processing is facilitated, and the cost is low.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an exploded view of the antenna element structure of the embodiment.
Fig. 2 is a profile view of two linearly polarized Vivaldi antennas constituting an antenna unit in the embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an exponential progression line and a corresponding coordinate system for forming an outline of an antenna element in the embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a4 x 4 two-dimensional array of embodiments.
FIG. 5 is a A, B-type blade attachment diagram of an embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a metal chassis of an embodiment.
Fig. 7 is an S-parameter graph of an antenna unit in an embodiment.
Fig. 8 is a graph of active S-parameters for one polarization of a 4 x 4 two-dimensional array of embodiments.
Fig. 9 is a two-principal plane pattern at 3GHz for a 4 x 4 two-dimensional array of embodiments.
Fig. 10 is a two-principal plane pattern at 6GHz for a 4 x 4 two-dimensional array of embodiments.
Fig. 11 is a two-principal plane pattern at 9GHz for a 4 x 4 two-dimensional array of embodiments.
Fig. 12 is a two-principal plane pattern at 12GHz for a4 x 4 two-dimensional array of embodiments.
Detailed Description
An ultra-wideband dual-polarized all-metal Vivaldi antenna unit comprises two eccentrically and orthogonally placed linear polarized all-metal Vivaldi antennas 2, a common mounting base plate 1 and a radio frequency connector 3 for feeding the two polarizations respectively.
Each linear polarization all-metal Vivaldi antenna (2) forming the dual-polarized unit is formed by oppositely arranging two blades with exponential involute, wherein one blade is provided with a feed cavity groove structure and a female arc tooth, and the blade is called an A-type blade; the other blade is provided with a male arc tooth, which is called a B-type blade; the thickness of the blades is the same and is between 1 and 3 mm. The metal blade of the linear polarization all-metal Vivaldi antenna is arranged on one side of the bottom plate 1, the radio frequency connector 3 is arranged on the other side of the bottom plate 1, and the inner conductor, namely the probe, penetrates through the bottom plate and the metal at the bottom of the matching cavity in the blade and stretches into the matching cavity to be conveniently welded with the blade.
Further, in each linear polarization all-metal Vivaldi antenna, the a-type blade and the B-type blade of each linear polarization all-metal Vivaldi antenna are opposite to each other to form a gradually-widened slot region, the basic curve is an exponential gradual change line, the center of a narrow slot at the lower end of the gradually-widened slot is taken as an origin, the transverse direction is taken as an x axis, the longitudinal direction is taken as a y axis, and a coordinate system is established, so that an equation of the basic curve can be written as x=c 1exp(ky)+C2, wherein, C 1=0.5·(b-a)/(exp(kL)-1);C2 =0.5· (a·exp (kL) -B)/(exp (kL) -1); k is a parameter related to the change rate of the gradual change curve, and the value is between 0.05 and 0.3; a. b is the interval between the lower end and the upper end of a gap formed by two symmetrical gradual change lines, a is between 0.05 and 0.2mm, and b is between 5 and 15 mm; l is the height of the gradual change curve, and the value is between 10 and 30 mm.
Further, on the basic curves of the A-type blade and the B-type blade forming the gradually-widened gap, dual circular arc teeth are overlapped, wherein the circular arc teeth on the A-type blade are inwards concave, and the circular arc teeth on the B-type blade are outwards convex; the number of the circular arc teeth is between 2 and 5 according to the height of the gradually-widened gap and the radius of the circular arc teeth, and the positions can be shifted up and down and even partially overlapped according to the performance optimization.
Furthermore, the A-type blade is provided with a hollowed feed matching cavity groove structure, wherein the matching cavity is in a 90-degree fan shape and is connected with a longitudinal slot, and the fan-shaped cavity and the longitudinal slot are completely positioned in the height interval of the gradually widened gap; in addition, a small gap is formed between the lower surface of the metal below the fan-shaped cavity and the metal bottom plate, and the gap forms a transverse slot and is connected with the longitudinal slot; except that the transverse slot slightly occupies a small longitudinal dimension, the longitudinal slot and the fan-shaped cavity are both positioned in the gradually widened gap section of the blade, so that the longitudinal dimension of the antenna is greatly reduced by the matching cavity slot structure.
The metal under the fan-shaped cavity is provided with a fine hole, and the inner conductor of the feed radio frequency connector, namely the probe extends into the cavity from the hole and exposes a small section of the cavity, so that the inner conductor can be welded to the blade firmly. The size of the matching cavity groove is determined by the matching performance and the corresponding adjustment of the space in the A-type blade.
Furthermore, in order to realize the transceiving of electromagnetic energy with two orthogonal linear polarizations, two linear polarization Vivaldi antennas are required to be placed in an orthogonal manner; in order to avoid overlapping of the two gradually-widened gaps to reduce cross polarization, and provide proper installation space for both feed connectors, overlapping areas of the two linearly-polarized Vivaldi antennas are eccentrically arranged; because the feed cavity groove structure is also arranged on the A-type blade, the overlapping area is arranged at the near edge of the B-type blade, and the overlapping mode is that one polarized B-type blade is grooved from the lower part and the other polarized B-type blade is grooved from the upper part of the corresponding position. The two linearly polarized Vivaldi antennas have the same electrical structure size, the antenna unit is regarded as a square, and the two linearly polarized Vivaldi antennas are symmetrical along the diagonal of the square.
Furthermore, the feeding radio frequency connector adopts an SMP-J type connector, the medium of the coaxial line extends into the upper surface of the bottom plate, and the coaxial line inner conductor, namely the probe, continuously penetrates through the metal under the matching cavity of the A-type blade upwards, and exposes the probe in the matching cavity, so that the coaxial line inner conductor is convenient to firmly weld with the blade.
The invention also provides an array antenna, which is formed by tightly connecting the dual-polarized antenna units according to the horizontal and vertical directions of the square grids; the A-type blade and the B-type blade of two adjacent units are connected into a whole. The bottom plate for installing the antenna unit is also connected into a whole, and rectangular holes or round holes for installing the blades and the radio frequency connector are drilled on the bottom plate; the floor size may be slightly larger than the overall size of the blade grid to facilitate installation of the edge blades.
Further, the array antenna and the antenna unit may be cut from a metal material such as brass or alloy aluminum, and plated with gold or oxidized with electricity.
In order to make the technical scheme of the present invention more clearly shown, the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, an ultra-wideband dual-polarized all-metal Vivaldi antenna unit comprises a base plate 1, two pairs of antenna blades 2, and two rf SMP connectors 3 fed from the bottom. The antenna blade 2 may be further divided into an a-type blade 21 and a B-type blade 22 of one linear polarization Vivaldi antenna and an a-type blade 21 and a B-type blade 23 of the other linear polarization Vivaldi antenna, i.e. the a-type blades of the two linear polarization Vivaldi antennas are identical in structure, but the B-type blades are slotted from the upper and lower ends respectively for cross mounting.
As shown in fig. 2, each of the linearly polarized Vivaldi antennas in the dual polarized unit is composed of two oppositely disposed blades, and the gradually wider gap between the blades is symmetrically composed of an index gradual change line 211. Taking the center of the narrow slit at the lower end of the gradually widening slit as the origin, the transverse direction is the x axis, and the longitudinal direction is the y axis, as shown in fig. 3, the equation of the gradually-widening-index line 211 can be written as x=c 1exp(ky)+C2, where C 1=0.5(b-a)/(exp(kL)-1);C2 =0.5 (a·exp (kL) -b)/(exp (kL) -1); k is a parameter related to the change rate of the gradual change curve, and the value is preferably between 0.05 and 0.3; a. b is the interval between the lower end and the upper end of a gap formed by two symmetrical gradual change lines, a is between 0.05 and 0.2mm, and b is preferably between 5 and 15 mm; l is the height of the gradual change curve, and the value is preferably 10-30 mm.
As shown in fig. 2, the two blades of each linear polarization Vivaldi antenna are further respectively overlapped with a plurality of circular arc teeth on the basis of the index gradual change line. For a type a blade, the arcuate teeth 212 are concave into the blade; for the type B blade, the arc teeth 221 are protruded outwards, and the arc teeth of the two blades are dual in position, namely the heights are the same, and the distances of circle centers deviating from the index gradual change line are the same. The number of the arc teeth is preferably between 2 and 5, the upper position and the lower position can be determined according to the performance optimization, and the arc teeth do not need to be arranged equidistantly and can be partially overlapped.
As shown in fig. 2, there is a cavity slot structure for feeding matching on the a-type blade, the matching cavity 213 is a 90 ° sector, and connected with it is a longitudinal rectangular elongated slot 214; in addition, the gap between the lower surface of the metal under the sector cavity 213 and the bottom plate forms a transversal slot 215, which together form the feed matching structure of the Vivaldi antenna, wherein the sector cavity 213 and the longitudinal slot 214 are located entirely in the tapered slot section within the blade, thus not increasing the longitudinal dimension of the antenna.
As shown in FIG. 2, a section of metal below the fan-shaped mating cavity 213 of the A-blade has a hole 216 for the probe of the RF connector to extend into, and for the SMP connector, the probe diameter is slightly less than 0.5mm, so the hole diameter can be set to 0.5mm. The probe can extend into the fan-shaped cavity from the hole, and firm welding of the probe and the blade can be facilitated only by exposing a small-point probe.
As shown in fig. 2, two linearly polarized Vivaldi antennas are placed orthogonally crossed at the near edge of their B-type blades, for which purpose the blades must first not be too thick, preferably between 1 and3 mm; secondly, a groove 222 is formed at the intersection of one polarized B-type blade from top to bottom to the half height of the blade, and the width of the groove is the thickness of the blade; the other polarized B-blade is slotted 231 from bottom to top to half height of the blade.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the electrical structures of the two linearly polarized Vivaldi antennas are identical, so that the lateral dimension of the formed dual polarized unit is a square, and the two linearly polarized Vivaldi antennas are symmetrical according to the diagonal of the square.
As shown in fig. 4, all the dual polarized antenna elements are closely arranged in a square grid when the array is constructed.
As shown in fig. 5, the A, B type blades of the intermediate unit are integrally connected with the B, A type blades of the adjacent unit when forming the array.
As shown in fig. 6, the bottom plates of all antenna elements are joined as a unit, but sized slightly larger than the total size of the blade grid to facilitate the mounting of the edge blades. The bottom plate is provided with a plurality of rectangular holes and round holes. As an example, two transverse rectangular holes 31 in one antenna element are two blades for mounting the directionally polarized Vivaldi antenna; likewise, the two longitudinal rectangular holes 32 are two blades for mounting the other polarization direction Vivaldi antenna; a slightly larger circular hole 33 in the unit on the base plate is used to fill the dielectric portion of the SMP joint; two small round holes 34 which are uniformly distributed at two sides of the round hole in the 45-degree direction are threaded holes matched with the SMP joint flange.
The HFSS simulation S parameters for an antenna element under periodic boundary conditions are shown in fig. 7, using the periodic boundary conditions, i.e., one of an infinite array where the element is considered ideal. As can be seen from FIG. 7, S 11 and S 22 of the antenna unit are both smaller than-10 dB between 2.8 and 12.4GHz, and are smaller than-15 dB between 3.1 and 12.1GHz, which shows that the antenna unit has a very wide standing-wave ratio bandwidth; s 21 is identical to S 12, is basically smaller than-25 dB between 2.8 and 12.4GHz and is basically smaller than-30 dB between 3.4 and 12GHz, and shows that the antenna unit has good isolation between two polarizations.
As shown in fig. 8, the active S parameters for a 4 x 4 array with 16 ports polarized are all substantially less than-10 dB between 3.4 and 12GHz, with only a few cells at the edge of the array slightly exceeding-10 dB over a small window. This shows that the units still have a very wide standing-wave ratio bandwidth when the array elements form an array, although the unit bandwidth is reduced compared with that in an infinite array. The active S parameter of the other polarization is exactly the same as the polarization due to the symmetry of the array structure.
As shown in fig. 9-12, which are major face patterns of 3GHz, 6GHz, 9GHz and 12GHz for one polarization of a 4 x 4 array, the array is seen to have good directivity over the 3-12 GHz bandwidth. Also from the symmetry of the array structure, the other polarization pattern is also exactly coincident with that polarization.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather should be construed to cover all modifications, alternatives, and equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.

Claims (7)

1. An ultra-wideband dual-polarized all-metal Vivaldi antenna unit is characterized by comprising two orthogonally arranged linear polarized all-metal Vivaldi antennas (2), a common mounting base plate (1) and radio frequency connectors (3) for feeding the two linear polarized all-metal Vivaldi antennas (2) respectively;
Each linear polarization all-metal Vivaldi antenna (2) is composed of two metal blades which are oppositely arranged, wherein one blade is provided with a feed cavity groove structure and a female arc tooth, and is called an A-type blade; the other blade is provided with a male arc tooth, which is called a B-type blade;
Each linear polarization all-metal Vivaldi antenna (2), wherein a gradually-widened slot area formed by the opposite A-type blade and the B-type blade is provided, the basic curve is an index gradual-change line, the center of a narrow slot at the lower end of the gradually-widened slot is taken as an original point, the transverse direction is taken as an x axis, and the longitudinal direction is taken as a y axis, a coordinate system is established, and then the equation of the basic curve can be written as x=c 1exp(ky)+C2, wherein, C 1=0.5·(b-a)/(exp(kL)-1);C2 =0.5 (a.exp (kL) -B)/(exp (kL) -1); k is a parameter related to the change rate of the gradual change curve, and the value is between 0.05 and 0.3; a. b is the interval between the lower end and the upper end of a gap formed by two symmetrical gradual change lines, a is between 0.05 and 0.2mm, and b is between 5 and 15 mm; l is the height of the gradual change curve, and the value is 10-30 mm;
Overlapping dual circular arc teeth on the basic curves of the A-type blade and the B-type blade forming the gradually widened gaps, wherein the circular arc teeth on the A-type blade are inwards concave, and the circular arc teeth on the B-type blade are outwards convex; the number of the circular arc teeth is between 2 and 5 according to the height of the gradually-widened gap and the radius of the circular arc teeth.
2. The ultra-wideband dual-polarized all-metal Vivaldi antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the two metal blades have the same thickness and are between 1 and 3 mm.
3. The ultra-wideband dual-polarized all-metal Vivaldi antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein the a-type blade is provided with a hollowed feed matching cavity groove structure, wherein the matching cavity is in a 90-degree fan shape and is connected with a longitudinal slot, and the fan-shaped cavity and the longitudinal slot are completely positioned in the height interval of the gradually-widened slot; a small section of gap is formed between the lower surface of the metal below the fan-shaped cavity and the metal bottom plate, and the gap forms a transverse slot and is connected with the longitudinal slot; the metal under the fan-shaped cavity is provided with a fine hole, and the inner conductor of the feed radio frequency connector, namely the probe, extends into the cavity from the hole and exposes a small section.
4. An ultra wideband dual polarized all metal Vivaldi antenna unit according to claim 3, characterized in that the overlapping area of the two linearly polarized all metal Vivaldi antennas (2) is arranged eccentrically; the overlapping mode is that one polarized B-shaped blade is slotted from the lower part, and the other polarized B-shaped blade is slotted from the upper part of the corresponding position; the two linearly polarized all-metal Vivaldi antennas (2) have the same electrical structure size, the antenna unit is regarded as a square in depression, and the two linearly polarized Vivaldi antennas are symmetrical along the diagonal of the square.
5. An ultra wideband dual polarized all metal Vivaldi antenna unit according to claim 3, characterized in that the rf connector (3) of the feed adopts SMP-J connector, the medium of its coaxial line extends into the upper surface of the bottom plate, and the inner conductor of the coaxial line, i.e. the probe, continues to penetrate up through the metal under the matching cavity of the a-type blade and exposes the probe in the matching cavity.
6. An array antenna, characterized in that the array antenna is formed by tightly connecting ultra-wideband dual-polarized all-metal Vivaldi antenna units according to any one of claims 1 to 5 according to the horizontal and vertical directions of a square grid.
7. The array antenna of claim 6, wherein the a-type and B-type blades of adjacent two units are integrally connected; the bottom plate for installing the antenna unit is connected into a whole, and rectangular holes or round holes for installing the blades and the radio frequency connector are drilled on the bottom plate.
CN202110810224.9A 2021-07-18 2021-07-18 Ultra-wideband dual-polarized all-metal Vivaldi antenna unit and array antenna thereof Active CN113644415B (en)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110994160A (en) * 2019-12-27 2020-04-10 南京长峰航天电子科技有限公司 6-18GHz 45-degree polarized metal vivaldi antenna array
CN112864636A (en) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-28 江苏肯立科技股份有限公司 Ultra-wideband metal Vivaldi dual-polarized antenna

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110994160A (en) * 2019-12-27 2020-04-10 南京长峰航天电子科技有限公司 6-18GHz 45-degree polarized metal vivaldi antenna array
CN112864636A (en) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-28 江苏肯立科技股份有限公司 Ultra-wideband metal Vivaldi dual-polarized antenna

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Rick W. Kindt ; William R. Pickles.Ultrawideband All-Metal Flared-Notch Array Radiator.IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation.2010,第3568-3575页. *

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