CN113638963A - 轴承组合体 - Google Patents
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- CN113638963A CN113638963A CN202110491786.1A CN202110491786A CN113638963A CN 113638963 A CN113638963 A CN 113638963A CN 202110491786 A CN202110491786 A CN 202110491786A CN 113638963 A CN113638963 A CN 113638963A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
- F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
- F16C19/18—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls
- F16C19/181—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact
- F16C19/182—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact in tandem arrangement
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
- F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
- F16C19/18—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls
- F16C19/181—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact
- F16C19/183—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles
- F16C19/184—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with two or more rows of balls with angular contact with two rows at opposite angles in O-arrangement
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/54—Systems consisting of a plurality of bearings with rolling friction
- F16C19/541—Systems consisting of juxtaposed rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing
- F16C19/542—Systems consisting of juxtaposed rolling bearings including at least one angular contact bearing with two rolling bearings with angular contact
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/32—Balls
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
- F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
- F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
- F16C33/60—Raceways; Race rings divided or split, e.g. comprising two juxtaposed rings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C41/00—Other accessories, e.g. devices integrated in the bearing not relating to the bearing function as such
- F16C41/002—Conductive elements, e.g. to prevent static electricity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
- H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
- H02K5/16—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields
- H02K5/173—Means for supporting bearings, e.g. insulating supports or means for fitting bearings in the bearing-shields using bearings with rolling contact, e.g. ball bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
- F16C2240/26—Speed, e.g. rotational speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
- F16C2240/30—Angles, e.g. inclinations
- F16C2240/34—Contact angles
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
- F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
- F16C2240/70—Diameters; Radii
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2300/00—Application independent of particular apparatuses
- F16C2300/20—Application independent of particular apparatuses related to type of movement
- F16C2300/22—High-speed rotation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2380/00—Electrical apparatus
- F16C2380/26—Dynamo-electric machines or combinations therewith, e.g. electro-motors and generators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C41/00—Other accessories, e.g. devices integrated in the bearing not relating to the bearing function as such
- F16C41/004—Electro-dynamic machines, e.g. motors, generators, actuators
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Abstract
本发明披露一种用于支撑电动机传动轴的轴承组合体(1),包含至少一个内圈(2‑1、2‑2)、至少一个外圈(4)以及设置在内圈(2‑1、2‑2)和外圈(4)之间的滚动体(6‑1、6‑2)。其中,所述轴承组合体(1)是被设置为包含有两列滚动体(6‑1、6‑2)的角接触球轴承。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于支撑电动机(/电驱动马达)(electric drive motor)的传动轴的轴承组合体(/轴承组件)(bearing assembly)。本发明还涉及用于电动机的轴组合件(/轴组件/传动轴组件)(shaft assembly)。
背景技术
目前的电动机通常由成对设置的深沟球轴承支撑。这种深沟球轴承显示出具有高的轴向间隙,在轴向上刚性不是很好。因此,深沟球轴承的使用范围受到限制,尤其在高转速的情况下。然而,在目前电机(尤其是电动机)的开发中,降低电机的重量和尺寸至关重要。为了实现这个目的,人们开发能够以高转速运行的电机。这里,1,000,000毫米/分钟或者更高n*dm值(转速×节圆直径)的转速都能够被实现。然而,目前在电动机中使用的深沟球轴承难以承受如此高的转速或n*dm值。
发明内容
因此,本发明的一个目的在于提供一种用于支撑电动机(/电驱动马达)(electricdrive motor)的传动轴(drive shaft)的轴承组合体(/轴承组件)(bearing assembly),所述轴承组合体能够承受非常高的转速,尤其是1,000,000毫米/分钟或者更高n*dm值的转速。
该目的由根据技术方案1所述的用于支撑电动机传动轴的轴承组合体以及根据技术方案9所述的包含这样的轴承组合体(/轴承组件)的轴组合件(/轴组件)来实现。
所述轴承组合体包含至少一个内圈、至少一个外圈以及设置在内圈和外圈之间的多个滚动体(/滚动元件)(rolling elements)。与之前包含深沟球轴承的轴承组合体相比,为能以高转速,尤其是以1,000,000毫米/分钟或者更高n*dm值的转速支撑电动机的传动轴,本发明所述轴承组合体是被设置为包含有两列滚动体的角接触球轴承。由于采用角接触球轴承设计,轴承组合体的刚性以及由此导致的电机的刚性得以被提高。因此,相比于以往采用深沟球轴承可能达到的转速,电机可以用于更高的转速。简便起见,在以下描述中,能够提供更精准表述的n*dm值(转速×节圆直径)被指称为转速。
之前在传动轴的轴承组合体中使用的是深沟球轴承,这种轴承确实更为经济,但只能承受低转速,尤其是低于700,000毫米/分钟n*dm值的转速。然而,发明人发现,尽管成本更高,但使用角接触球轴承是有利的,因为这些电机可被开发出来具有更高的转速。由于这些高转速,电机可被构建得更加轻便和紧凑,由此获得的益处超过角接触球轴承的较高成本。除了更高转速以外,角接触球轴承还意外地提供一种优势:即使在更高转速下,它们也比至今使用的深沟球轴承更为稳定。这也具有使电机或传动轴更为稳定的积极效果。
滚动体的直径可以介于0.2*(D-d)至0.4*(D-d)之间,尤其是介于0.25*(D-d)至0.35*(D-d)之间。这里,D代表轴承组合体的外径,d代表轴承组合体的内径。滚动体,尤其是球,因此也较通常情况下的角接触球轴承要小。例如,根据本实施例,滚动体的直径在成对设置的两个单列角接触球轴承中可以是0.33*(D-d),在双列角接触球轴承中可以是0.303*(D-d)。
由于采用较小的滚动体,轴承组合体的刚性得以增加,因为采用较小的滚动体,每个轴承可以使用的滚动体更多。包含众多小号滚动体的轴承比包含少数大号滚动体的轴承更具刚性。
根据进一步的实施方式,角接触球轴承的接触角介于15°至40°之间,尤其是介于15°至25°之间。较小的接触角特别适合高转速,因为离心力所引发的接触角的变化非常小,磨损由此得以被降低。
在一种实施方式中,两列滚动体的接触角可以彼此相同。
作为另外一种选择,两列滚动体的接触角也可以不同。尤其是,这里第一列滚动体具有比第二列滚动体小的接触角。这样的优势在于,具有较小接触角的滚动体列会产生高径向刚度,具有较大接触角的滚动体列则产生高轴向刚度。采用这种方式,轴承组合体的轴向和径向刚度均得以被加强。
具有较小接触角的轴承应当位于电机(/马达)的内侧。径向支撑力主要由该轴承提供。由于被设置在内侧位置,支撑宽度得以被减小,轴曲(shaft bending)因而得以被降低。
滚动体可由金属(尤其是钢)或者陶瓷材料制成。材料的选择尤其取决于速度和导电需求。滚动体最好由陶瓷制成,因为这会防止滚动体、轴承圈和润滑剂遭受电腐蚀。
轴承组合体可进一步包含导电元件,尤其是导电刷,设置在内圈和外圈之间。这种导电刷尤其能够与由陶瓷制成的滚动体一起使用,用于将内、外圈彼此电连接。这种导电元件因此能够确保轴承组合体中不形成静电压,因为静电压能够通过内、外圈之间的电连接被消除。带有静电的转子存在安全风险,因为在接触过程中电流有可能通过人体释放。
根据一种实施方式,轴承组合体包含两个内圈和两个外圈,每组内、外圈之间各自设置有一列滚动体。轴承组合体因此被设置成一组成对的角接触球轴承,该组成对的角接触球轴承可被设置为背靠背(back-to-back)或者面对面(face-to-face)布置。成对设置的两个单列角接触球轴承相互之间可以以弹簧额外施加轴向预负荷。
根据另外一种实施方式,轴承组合体包含两个内圈和一个外圈。这种双列角接触球轴承可以进一步提高可能的转速,因为它比包含一体内圈的双列角接触球轴承具有更高的轴向刚度。
总体而言,理想用于高速的一体保持架(one-piece cages),例如由塑料或者金属制成,可用于此处提出的轴承组合体。保持架的兜孔(/腔格)(pockets)在圆周上的间隔既可以是均匀的,也可以是不均匀的。相比于等间隔的情形,非均匀的间隔此处具有球体通流频率(ball throughflow frequency)不会激发周围部件的优点。
根据进一步方面,本发明还提出用于电动机的轴组合件(/轴组件)(shaftassembly)。所述轴组合件包含两端支撑在上述轴承组合体上的传动轴(drive shaft)。
本发明进一步的优势和优选实施方式将在说明书、附图和权利要求书中予以说明。这里,尤其在说明书和附图中阐述的特征组合纯粹系示范性质,这些特征可以单独存在,也可以以其他方式组合存在。
附图说明
以下根据附图中描绘的示范性实施方式详细描述本发明。这里,示范性实施方式以及示范性实施方式中展示出的特征组合纯系示范性质,并非意在限制本发明的保护范围。本发明的保护范围仅由随附的权利要求书限定。
图1显示用于支撑电动机驱动轴的轴承组合体的第一种实施方式的截面图;
图2显示用于支撑电动机传动轴的轴承组合体的第二种实施方式的截面图。
附图标记列表
1 轴承组合体
2 内圈
4 外圈
6 滚动体
8 保持架
10 密封件
α 接触角
Dw 滚动体直径
具体实施方式
在以下描述中,同样或者功能等同的部件被赋予相同的附图标记。
图1显示用于支撑电动机传动轴的轴承组合体1的第一种实施方式的截面图。轴承组合体1被设置为双列角接触球轴承,包含分裂的(/分离的)(split)内圈2-1、2-2。轴承组合体1进一步包含单独一个共用外圈4。两列滚动体6-1和6-2被设置在分裂的内圈2-1、2-2与外圈4之间。
由于使用角接触球轴承1来支撑电动机的传动轴,相比于之前使用深沟球轴承的轴承组合体而言,电机可以实现更高的转速。由于使用角接触球轴承1,传动轴以及由其支撑的电机有可能在上至1,500,000毫米/分钟甚至更高n*dm值的极高转速下运行。如果采用至今仍在使用的深沟球轴承,则转速只能达到700,000毫米/分钟。由于采用更高的转速,电机可被构建得比以往更为小巧和轻便。
在图1所示的角接触球轴承1中,接触角α=30°。图中显示的两个相同的接触角也可被替代为采用不同的接触角。这样的优点在于,具有较小接触角的滚动体列会产生更大的径向刚度,而具有较大接触角的滚动体列则会产生更大的轴向刚度。
角接触球轴承1用于支撑电动机的传动轴。为此目的,传动轴的各端均由图1或图2中所示的轴承组合体所支撑。角接触球轴承1的内圈2-1、2-2设置在传动轴上,而外圈4则被设置在电动机的壳体(housing)中,用以在所述壳体中支撑传动轴。
相比于传统的角接触球轴承,滚动体6-1、6-2的直径Dw可被选择得比较小。尤其是,这种双列角接触轴承1的直径Dw可以为0.303*(D-d),其中D是轴承外径,d是轴承内径。
滚动体6-1、6-2可以由相应的保持架8-1、8-2所保持。尤其是,这些保持架可以是一体式保持架(one-piece cages)。保持架8-1、8-2可以由塑料或者金属制成。轴承组合体1在外部可以由相应的密封件(/密封组件)10所封闭。
如图2所示,两个单列角接触球轴承1-1、1-2也可以被于替代一个双列角接触球轴承。这里,两个单列角接触球轴承1-1、1-2成对安装。与图1中所示的双列角接触球轴承1不同,角接触球轴承1在这种情况下被设置为具有两个内圈2-1、2-2和两个外圈4-1、4-2。
在图示的实施方式中,两个角接触球轴成1-1、1-2被显示为处于背靠背(back-to-back)布置。作为另外一种选择,两个单列角接触球轴承1-1、1-2也可以被安装为面对面(face-to-face)模式。
在这种情况下,滚动体6-1、6-2的直径Dw优选为0.33*(D-d)。滚动体6-1、6-2可以相应地由保持架8-1、8-2所保持。
在该轴承组合体1中,接触角α也为30°。然而,有必要指出,图1和图2中的角度接触球轴承的接触角可以介于15°至40°之间。较小的接触角具有能够使轴承组合体1承受更高转速的优势。两个滚动体列的6-1、6-2的接触角也可以不同。具有较小接触角的滚动列增加径向刚度,而具有较大接触角的滚动体列则增加轴向刚度。
如上所述,在以轴承组合体支撑传动轴的电机中,本发明提出的轴承组合体能够实现上至1,500,000毫米/分钟甚至更高n*dm值的极高转速。这是通过采用角接触球轴承来替代以往使用的深沟球轴承来实现的。由于采用更高的转速,电机于是能被构建得更为轻便和紧凑。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于支撑电动机传动轴的轴承组合体(1),包括至少一个内圈(2-1、2-2)、至少一个外圈(4)以及设置在内圈(2-1、2-2)与外圈(4)之间的滚动体(6-1、6-2),其特征在于:所述轴承组合体(1)被构造为包含有两列滚动体(6-1、6-2)的角接触球轴承。
2.根据权利要求1所述的轴承组合体(1),其特征在于:所述滚动体(6-1、6-2)的直径(Dw)介于0.2*(D-d)至0.4*(D-d)之间,尤其介于0.25*(D-d)至0.35*(D-d)之间,其中,D为轴承组合体(1)的外径,d为轴承组合体(1)的内径。
3.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的轴承组合体(1),其特征在于:所述角接触球轴承(1)的接触角(α)介于15°至40°之间,尤其介于15°至25°之间。
4.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的轴承组合体(1),其特征在于:所述两列滚动体(6-1、6-2)的接触角(α)并不相同。
5.根据权利要求4所述的轴承组合体(1),其特征在于:第一列(6-1)滚动体(6-1、6-2)具有比第二列(6-2)滚动体(6-1、6-2)小的接触角(α)。
6.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的轴承组合体(1),其特征在于:所述内圈(2-1、2-2)与外圈(4)之间设置有导电部件,尤其是导电刷。
7.根据前述权利要求中任意一项所述的轴承组合体(1),其特征在于:所述轴承组合体(1)包括两个内圈(2-1、2-2)和两个外圈(4-1、4-2),每组内、外圈之间各自设置有一列滚动体(6-1、6-2)。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任意一项所述的轴承组合体(1),其特征在于:所述轴承组合体(1)包括两个内圈(2-1、2-2)和一个外圈(4)。
9.一种用于电动机的轴组合件,包括两端均由根据权利要求1至8中任意一项所述轴承组合体(1)支撑的轴。
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