CN113633748B - 治疗肝硬化自发性细菌性腹膜炎湿热瘀结证的药物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
治疗肝硬化自发性细菌性腹膜炎湿热瘀结证的药物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗肝硬化自发性细菌性腹膜炎湿热瘀结证的药物及其制备方法,旨在以解决西医抗感染治疗存在肝肾功能损害、耐药率逐渐增高的技术问题。该药物主要由水红花子、马鞭草、大黄、白茅根、半夏、黄连、黄芩、党参、干姜、甘草等制成。本发明组方药物配伍科学合理,具有良好的清热利湿、消癥散结、解毒通腑之功效,其重在祛除湿热瘀毒实邪,兼以培补正气,攻补兼施,令气血水调和,诸症得减;能够有效治疗湿热瘀结型自发性细菌性腹膜炎,其原料来源丰富,服用方便,成本较低,且安全无毒副作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药技术领域,具体涉及一种治疗肝硬化自发性细菌性腹膜炎湿热瘀结证的药物及其制备方法。
背景技术
自发性细菌性腹膜炎(SBP)是肝硬化失代偿期常见的并发症之一,是指在腹腔内或邻近组织没有感染灶的情况下,病原微生物侵入腹腔诱发的腹水细菌性感染。据统计,在肝硬化腹水住院患者中SBP发病率高达30%,1年后病死率约为63%;其病死率高的原因考虑与SBP发生后启动以肿瘤坏死因子-α和白介素-6为主的瀑布式炎症反应,加重肝肾功能损害,加快肝硬化病情进展有关。
当前,本病发病机制尚未阐明,而相关的病原学研究则显示SBP患者腹水病原菌以革兰阴性菌居多,且以大肠埃希菌最为多见。因此,认为导致肝硬化患者发生SBP的致病菌主要来自肠道,细菌异位是关键病理环节,即肝硬化时多种因素相互作用导致肠粘膜屏障功能受损,肠腔内细菌通过破损的肠粘膜屏障异位进入腹膜、腹水等肠外组织器官,机体免疫功能低下无力清除细菌,最终细菌定植于腹水或腹腔而致病。
目前,对于该病症的西医治疗,主要是以抗炎、补充白蛋白、利尿、保肝降酶、退黄及其它对症治疗为主;尽早、有效的抗感染治疗是阻止病情进展、降低病死率的关键。西医抗感染治疗在取得较好疗效的同时,仍存在肝肾功能损害、耐药率逐渐增高等问题,影响SBP治疗的有效率。
基于此,研究开发出能够提高临床治疗有效率、减轻肝肾功能损害的治疗药物势在必行。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种治疗肝硬化自发性细菌性腹膜炎湿热瘀结证的药物,以解决西医抗感染治疗过程中存在肝肾功能损害、耐药率逐渐增高的技术问题。本发明之另一目的是提供了该药物的工艺流程简单、成本低的制备方法。
本发明所述病症治法之研究理应从自发性细菌性腹膜炎的基本病机入手,基于该病证是在肝硬化的基础上进一步发展而来,肠道中大量存在细菌内毒素是病情进展的催化剂的初步认知;发明人进一步结合长期的临床实践研究认为:在肝硬化病情进展过程中,肝失疏泄影响机体肠腑的泌别清浊和传化糟粕,导致肠道瘀毒内结,腑气不通,湿、热、瘀、毒诸邪内侵脏腑,“肝脾肾失调,湿热水瘀互结”是其基本病机。
基于此,发明人认为该病症之治疗,应从整体观念出发,因肝硬化者久病消耗,正气不足,治法应以祛邪为主兼顾扶正,健运中土,以达祛邪不伤正之目的。组方首当清热利湿、消癥通腑,使湿、热、毒、瘀等病邪有出路,邪去则气机调畅、血脉通利、水道通利、津液得布,辅以健脾益气,攻补兼施,以有效地加快缓解患者临床症状及体征,提高临床治疗有效率,减轻炎症反应,加快肝功能修复,延缓病情进展。据此遣方如下:
治疗肝硬化自发性细菌性腹膜炎湿热瘀结证的药物,以重量份计,由以下原料药制成:
水红花子15~35份、马鞭草15~35份、大黄5~15份、白茅根15~35份、半夏5~12份、黄连3~10份、黄芩4~10份、党参9~20份、干姜1~6份、甘草4~10份。
优选的,由以下原料药制成:
水红花子20~35份、马鞭草20~35份、大黄6~15份、白茅根20~35份、半夏6~12份、黄连3~9份、黄芩4~9份、党参9~18份、干姜2~6份、甘草6~10份。
进一步优选的,由以下原料药制成:
水红花子30份、马鞭草30份、大黄10份、白茅根30份、半夏9份、黄连6份、黄芩6份、党参15份、干姜3份、甘草6份。
以上治疗肝硬化自发性细菌性腹膜炎湿热瘀结证的药物可制成药剂学上的任何一种剂型,如汤剂、丸剂、散剂、胶囊剂等,以下以汤剂为例,说明其制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按所述原料药配比称取各原料药备用;
(2)先将水红花子、马鞭草、白茅根、半夏、黄连、黄芩、党参、干姜、甘草加入饮用水(加水量以浸没过药面2~5cm为准),,浸泡30~40min,然后加热煮沸后继续煎煮30~35min,纳入大黄继续煎煮5~10min,过滤得滤液和药渣;
(3)将上步所得药渣加入饮用水,水量浸没过药面2~5cm,加热煮沸后继续煎煮25~30min,过滤得滤液;
(4)合并各次煎煮药剂,得煎煮汤剂,或进一步制成丸剂、散剂或胶囊剂。与现有技术相比,本发明的主要有益技术效果在于:
1. 本发明组方药物配伍科学合理,具有良好的清热利湿、消癥散结、解毒通腑之功效,其重在祛除湿热瘀毒实邪,兼以培补正气,攻补兼施,令气血水调和,诸症得减。方中,水红花子、马鞭草:清热消癥,散瘀利水、退黄;大黄:清热解毒,泻下通腑;白茅根:清热利尿,育阴生津;半夏、黄连、黄芩:辛开苦降,清热燥湿,消痞散结;党参:补脾益气,健运中土;干姜:制约诸药寒凉之性;甘草:补益中气,调和诸药。
2. 临床应用研究表明,本发明药物能够有效治疗湿热瘀结型自发性细菌性腹膜炎,尤其对于早中期自发性细菌性腹膜炎患者有很好地治疗作用。
3. 本发明原料来源丰富,制备成本较低,成剂后服用方便,且安全无毒副作用,具有良好地应用前景。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例来说明本发明的具体实施方式,但以下实施例只是用来详细说明本发明,并不以任何方式限制本发明的范围。
在以下实施例中所涉及的中药原料如无特别说明,均为市售常规原料;所涉及的加工制备方法,如无特别说明,均为常规方法。
实施例1: 一种治疗肝硬化自发性细菌性腹膜炎湿热瘀结证的药物,其原料配方如下:
水红花子30份、马鞭草30份、大黄10份、白茅根30份、半夏9份、黄连6份、黄芩6份、党参15份、干姜3份、甘草6份。
上述药物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按所述原料药配比称取各原料药备用;
(2)先将水红花子、马鞭草、白茅根、半夏、黄连、黄芩、党参、干姜、甘草加入饮用水,水量浸没过药面2~5cm,浸泡30~40min后进行煎煮,温度达到100℃后煎煮30~35min,纳入大黄继续煎煮5~10min,过滤得滤液和药渣;
(3)将上步所得药渣加入饮用水,水量浸没过药面2~5cm,加热,温度达到100℃后煎煮25~30min,过滤得滤液;
(4)合并各次煎煮药剂,得煎煮汤剂,或进一步制成丸剂、散剂或胶囊剂。
实施例2: 一种治疗肝硬化自发性细菌性腹膜炎湿热瘀结证的药物,其原料配方如下:
水红花子20份、马鞭草20份、大黄6份、白茅根20份、半夏6份、黄连3份、黄芩4份、党参9份、干姜2份、甘草6份。
其制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3: 一种治疗肝硬化自发性细菌性腹膜炎湿热瘀结证的药物,其原料配方如下:
水红花子35份、马鞭草35份、大黄15份、白茅根35份、半夏12份、黄连9份、黄芩9份、党参18份、干姜6份、甘草10份。
其制备方法同实施例1。
临床试验例:
1.病例选择
来自河南中医药大学第一附属医院脾胃肝胆病科住院患者,共61例,随机分为对照组31例,试验组30例。两组患者的性别、年龄、腹水病程、SBP病史、合并肝癌、饮酒史、Child-Pugh分级等方面均无明显差异,见表1。
表1 两组病例一般资料比较
病例纳入标准:①年龄18-75岁;②符合肝硬化自发性细菌性腹膜炎西医诊断标准和湿热瘀结证中医辨证标准;③患者知情同意。
肝硬化自发性细菌性腹膜炎西医诊断标准:
参照中华医学会肝病学分会2017年发布的《肝硬化腹水及相关并发症的诊疗指南》中自发性细菌性腹膜炎的诊断标准。
中医辨证分型标准:参照《肝硬化腹水中医诊疗专家共识意见(2017)》,根据湿热水停证和血瘀水停证,拟定SBP湿热瘀结证辨证标准。
主症:①腹大坚满如鼓,脘腹撑急;②腹痛拒按,按之痛甚;③腹壁青筋暴露;④身目发黄;⑤胁肋刺痛。
次症:①口干;②口苦;③面颈部胸臂有赤丝血缕;④肌肤甲错;⑤面色晦暗或黧黑;⑥小便短黄;⑦大便秘结或溏垢。
舌脉:①舌质红或暗红或有瘀斑,舌下脉络迂曲,舌苔黄腻;②脉弦滑或涩。具备主症、舌脉和任意2项次症即可诊断。
病例排除标准:
①治疗前1月内使用过微生态制剂、抗生素、免疫调节剂;②合并急性消化道大出血、休克、慢加急性肝功能衰竭、其它脏器功能衰竭及其他危重并发症;③合并急慢性胰腺炎、消化道溃疡或穿孔、炎症性肠病等影响肠道功能的疾病;④对头孢类抗菌素过敏者;⑤有严重心脏、神经系统疾病者;⑥孕期、哺乳期或计划妊娠者。
2.治疗方案
对照组:采用西医基础治疗。
试验组:采用西医基础治疗+本发明组方药物煎煮汤剂口服。
西医基础治疗方案:
参考2017年中华医学会肝病学分会制定的《肝硬化腹水及相关并发症的诊疗指南》:
①抗菌药物:根据指南推荐首先选用三代类头孢抗菌药物,同时做腹水培养和(或)血培养,依据药敏结果调整抗菌药物;②人血白蛋白:ALB<30g/L者输注人血白蛋白(华兰生物工程股份有限公司,规格:10g(20% 50ml),批准文号:S10950009)10g,qd,ivgtt;③抑制肝脏炎症反应药:复方甘草酸苷注射液(Minophagen Pharmaceutical CompanyLimited,批准文号:H20080264)80mg,qd,ivgtt;④其它内科综合支持治疗:包括病因治疗(抗病毒、戒酒等)、利尿(螺内酯、呋塞米剂量比100mg:40mg,以体重下降0.5-1 kg/d为宜,并根据患者腹水消退情况及时调整剂量和频次)、补充各种维生素等。
中药口服治疗方案:
在对照组西医基础治疗上给予本发明组方药物煎煮汤剂口服。
来源与制备:由河南中医药大学第一附属医院中药煎药房煎制而成,每天1剂,早晚两次分服,每次200ml。药物组成有水红花子30g、马鞭草30g、大黄10g、白茅根30g、半夏9g、黄连6g、黄芩6g、党参15g、干姜3g、甘草6g。
3.观察指标
主要疗效指标:发热、腹痛缓解时间;腹水PMN计数;中医症状积分。腹水PMN计数首次为入组前诊断性腹腔穿刺所得,治疗72小时后行第二次腹腔穿刺,随后根据病情需要进行检测。
次要疗效指标:血清中性粒细胞百分比(%NEUT)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、降钙素原(PCT)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、总胆红素(TBIL)、白蛋白(ALB),分别在0天、7天、14天进行检测。
安全性指标:尿常规、大便常规、肾功能(尿素氮、肌酐)、电解质(血清钾、钠、氯)、心电图。
4.疗效评价标准
西医临床疗效评价标准:
参考《肝硬化腹水及相关并发症的诊疗指南》和《证候类中药新药临床研究技术指导原则》制定标准如下:
①腹水PMN计数<0.25×109/L或腹水消失;②发热消失;③腹痛消失;三个条件均满足者为临床治愈。
中医症状疗效评价标准:参考《脾胃病症状量化标准共识意见》和《证候类中药新药临床研究技术指导原则》。
显效:症状和体征明显改善,即症状疗效分级指数≥70%;有效:症状和体征好转,即症状疗效分级指数30%≤疗效指数<70%;无效:症状和体征无减轻或有加重倾向者,即症状疗效分级指数疗效指数<30%。
7.结果
(1)主要疗效指标分析:
两组治疗后发热、腹痛消失时间比较:61名受试者中共有35例有发热(对照组17例,试验组18例),共有47例有腹痛(对照组25例,试验组22例)。试验组发热、腹痛消失时间少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表2。
表2 两组治疗后发热、腹痛消失时间比较(x±s)
注:采用独立样本t检验。
两组腹水PMN计数比较:治疗前两组腹水PMN计数比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗72h后两组腹水PMN计数均较治疗前降低(P<0.01)。组间比较,试验组腹水PMN计数下降更明显(P<0.05),见表3。
表3 两组腹水PMN计数比较[M(Q25,Q75)]
注:组间比较,采用两独立样本秩和检验,▲ P>0.05,# P<0.05;组内比较,采用两相关秩和检验,○ P<0.01。
两组临床疗效比较:对照组临床治愈26例,未治愈5例,临床治愈率为83.97%;试验组临床治愈28例,未治愈2例,临床治愈率为93.33%;治疗14天后试验组临床疗效优于对照组(P<0.05)。
两组中医症状总积分比较:两组治疗前比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗14天后两组中医症状总结分均较治疗前下降(P<0.01),试验组下降更为明显(P<0.01),见表4。
表4 两组病例中医症状总积分比较(x±s)
注:组间比较,采用独立样本t检验,▲ P>0.05,△ P<0.01;组内比较,采用配对样本t检验,○ P<0.01。
两组中医症状疗效比较:治疗前后各单项症状比较,对照组口干、口苦、纳差无改善(P>0.05),发热、腹痛、腹胀、胁痛、身目黄染、乏力、小便短黄有改善(P<0.05),试验组对各项症状均有改善(P<0.05);组间比较,试验组发热、腹痛改善与对照组相当(P>0.05),其余各项症状的改善优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后试验组症状总积分的改善优于对照组(P<0.01)。中医症状疗效比较,对照组总有效率为80.65%,试验组总有效率为93.37%优于对照组(P<0.05)。
(2)次要疗效指标分析:
治疗前两组炎症指标(%NEUT、CRP、PCT)、肝功能(ALT、AST、ALB、TBIL)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗7天后试验组%NEUT、CRP、PCT、AST的下降较对照组明显(P<0.05),ALT、ALB、TBIL的改善与对照组相当(P>0.05);治疗14天后试验组%NEUT、PCT、ALT、AST、TBIL的下降较对照组明显(P<0.05),CRP、ALB的改善与对照组相当(P>0.05),见表5、表6。
表5 两组病例治疗前后炎症指标比较[M(Q25,Q75)]
注:组间比较,采用两独立样本秩和检验,▲ P>0.05,# P<0.05,△ P<0.01;组内比较,采用两相关样本秩和检验,* P<0.05,○ P<0.01。
表6 两组治疗前后肝功能比较[M(Q25,Q75)]
注:组间比较,采用两独立样本秩和检验,▲ P>0.05,# P<0.05;组内比较,采用两相关样本秩和检验,· P>0.05,* P<0.05,○ P<0.01。
(3)安全性指标分析:
本方案实行期间,未发现明显药物不良反应。两组患者治疗前后尿常规、大便常规、肾功能(尿素氮、肌酐)、电解质(血清钾、钠、氯)、心电图未见明显变化。
上述结果表明,在西医治疗的基础上加用本发明所示中药组方治疗肝硬化自发性细菌性腹膜炎患者,能够缩短发热和腹痛缓解时间,快速降低腹水PMN计数水平,提高临床有效率,更显著地改善患者临床症状,同时抑制炎症反应,减轻肝细胞损伤的作用优于单纯西医基础治疗。在本试验中未发现有不良反应,表明本发明用药安全,疗效稳定可靠。
典型病例
病例一:
患者黄某某,男性,39岁,主因“间断右胁不适6月余,加重伴意识不清1天”于2020年07月15日就诊。
六月前患者无明显诱因出现右胁不适,伴重度腹胀,无身目黄染,无腹痛腹泻,就诊于当地医院住院诊断为“乙肝肝硬化失代偿期”,给予恩替卡韦片抗病毒、护肝、利尿、放腹水及对症治疗,症状好转后出院。此后间断发作,对症治疗后可好转。
一天前患者饮食不洁后出现烦躁,右胁隐痛,腹胀,腹痛,尿少,就诊于我院,门诊以“肝炎肝硬化 乙型 失代偿期”为诊断收治。入院症见:烦躁,记忆力下降,右胁隐痛,口干苦,脘腹撑急,腹痛,周身乏力,纳食欲差,尿少,大便2-3天1次。舌质暗红,苔黄厚腻,脉弦数。入院时查体:T 36.4℃ P 108次/分 R 23次/分 BP 150/105mmHg Ht 172cm Wt 55kg。体格检查:反应迟钝,定向力下降,皮肤及巩膜轻度黄染,肝掌阳性,腹部膨隆,腹部压痛及反跳痛阳性,肝肋下未触及,脾肋下5cm可触及,质韧无触痛,移动性浊音阳性,双下肢轻度水肿。2020年07月15日查血常规:WBC 7.2×109/L,%NEUT 84.1%,CRP 7.0ng/L。肝功:TBIL76.1μmol/L,DBIL 25.9μmol/L,ALB 37.7g/L,ALT 56.2U/L。血清PCT 2.03ng/ml。腹水常规:淡黄,微浑,白细胞1000×106/L,单核细胞比率68%,多核细胞比率32%,PMN计数0.32×109/L。腹部彩超示:1.肝硬化并结节;2.肝源性胆囊炎;3.脾大 4腹水(患者平卧位,肝前水深约39mm,脾窝深约34mm,左髂窝深约50mm,右髂窝深约60mm,下腹部范围约130×117mm)。
中医诊断:1.鼓胀 湿热瘀结证;2.肝积。
西医诊断:1.肝炎肝硬化 乙型 失代偿期 活动性(脾大,腹水);2.肝性脑病Ⅱ期;3.自发性细菌性腹膜炎。
入院后给予恩替卡韦分散片抗病毒;门冬氨酸鸟氨酸注射液纠正肝性脑病;头孢哌酮舒巴坦钠联合左奥硝唑抗感染;予呋塞米片、螺内酯片利尿消胀,及护肝、对症支持治疗;同时采用本发明所示中药口服(每日早晚各1次,每次200ml)。治疗14天后,患者腹痛、腹胀消失,尿量恢复正常,口苦消失,右胁隐痛、纳差、乏力明显好转。期间未见明显不适及其它不良反应。复查血常规:WBC 5.1×109/L,%NEUT 67.8%,CRP 4.4ng/L。肝功:TBIL 49.0μmol/L,DBIL 17.3μmol/L,ALB 45.7g/L,ALT 23.1U/L。血清PCT 0.03ng/ml。腹水常规:淡黄,清,白细胞220×106/L,单核细胞比率75%,多核细胞比率25%,PMN计数0.21×109/L。腹水彩超:患者平卧位,肝前深约14mm,脾窝深约10mm,左髂窝深约18mm,下腹部范围约54×36mm。
病例二:
患者孙某某,男性,42岁,主因“间断腹胀伴身目黄染1年,加重伴发热5天”于2020年10月27日就诊。
一年前患者无明显诱因出现腹部胀满、身目黄染,在某三甲医院诊断为“乙肝肝硬化失代偿期”,给予保肝、利尿、补充白蛋白及对症治疗,症状好转后出院。此后反复发作,于当地医院住院治疗。
五天前患者无明显诱因出现寒战、高热,体温最高39.3℃,在当地诊所输液后症状未见好转,腹部胀满、身目黄染、乏力,为求进一步中西医系统诊疗,来我院求治。入院症见:精神差,腹部胀满,腹痛,身目黄染,乏力,口干,纳差,大便难下,小便量少色黄,入睡困难。舌质暗红,舌苔黄腻稍厚,脉弦。入院时查体:T 36.1℃ P 112次/分 R 23次/分 BP 108/66mmHg Ht 165cm Wt 70kg。体格检查:周身皮肤黏膜、巩膜黄染,腹部膨隆,腹壁静脉显露,腹肌紧张,腹部压痛及反跳痛阳性,肋下4cm可触及脾脏,移动性浊音阳性,双下肢中度指凹性水肿。2020年10月27日查血常规:WBC 22.5×109/L,%NEUT 87.1%,%NEUT 19.55×109/L,CRP 121.3ng/L。肝功:TBIL 91.3μmol/L,DBIL 34.4μmol/L,ALB 24.6g/L,ALT 21.5U/L,AST 24.9U/L。血清PCT 1.44ng/ml,腹水常规:黄色,浑浊,白细胞11000×106/L,单核细胞比率8%,多核细胞比率92%,PMN计数10.12×109/L。全腹部CT平扫:1.肝硬化,脾大,侧枝循环形成;2.腹腔内少许肿大淋巴结,腹盆腔大量积液;3.胆囊颈部多发小结石;4.副脾。
中医诊断:1.鼓胀 湿热瘀结证; 2.肝积。
西医诊断:1.肝炎肝硬化 乙型 失代偿期 活动性(脾大 腹水);2.自发性细菌性腹膜炎;3.胆囊结石。
入院后给予哌拉西林他唑巴坦针联合奥硝唑针抗感染,人血白蛋白针纠正低蛋白血症,呋塞米片、螺内酯片利尿,恩替卡韦分散片抗病毒,及护肝、对症治疗;采用本发明所示中药口服(每日早晚各1次,每次200ml)。治疗14天后,患者腹痛、口干消失,身目黄染、腹胀、双下肢水肿明显减轻,纳差、乏力好转,大便日2次,小便正常。期间未见明显不适及其它不良反应。复查血常规:WBC 6.4×109/L,%NEUT 65.6%,%NEUT 4.81×109/L,CRP 2.75ng/L。肝功:TBIL 38.8μmol/L,DBIL 9.7μmol/L,ALB 31.3g/L,ALT 6.2U/L,AST 15.6U/L。血清PCT<0.05ng/ml,腹水常规:深黄色,微浑,白细胞450×106/L,单核细胞比率82%,多核细胞比率18%,PMN计数0.08×109/L。腹水彩超:患者卧位,肝前深约27mm,肝肾隐窝处深约23mm,脾周深约10mm,左下腹肠间隙深约14mm,右侧腹深约31mm,下腹深约49mm。
病例三:
患者韩某,女性,57岁,主因“间断右胁胀痛4年余,加重伴发热1天”于2020年08月03日就诊。
四年前患者因右胁不适就诊于某三级甲等医院,诊断为“自身免疫性肝硬化失代偿期”,给予护肝等对症治疗症状缓解。此后间断发作,反复住院治疗。
一天前患者无明显诱因出现右胁胀痛加重,伴发热、腹泻,体温最高37.8℃,自服蒙脱石散及肛塞退热栓,腹泻减轻,体温未恢复正常,就诊于我院,门诊以“肝硬化失代偿期”为诊断收入院;入院症见:神志清,精神差,右胁及腹部胀痛,发热,乏力,嗳气,口干苦,小便色黄量少,大便日1次,近1周体重增加4Kg。舌质红,苔黄稍厚腻,脉弦。入院时查体:T37.8℃ P 97次/分 R 23次/分 BP 115/64mmHg Ht 160cm Wt 69kg。体格检查:巩膜重度黄染,肝掌及蜘蛛痣阳性,腹部膨隆,腹壁静脉曲张,腹壁紧张度增加,腹部压痛、反跳痛阳性,肝肋下未触及,脾脏肋下4cm可触及,移动性浊音阳性,双下肢轻度水肿。2020年08月03日查血常规:WBC 6.2×109/L,%NEUT 75.7%,%NEUT 4.69×109/L,CRP 16.5ng/L。肝功:TBIL164.1μmol/L,DBIL 109.0μmol/L,ALB 27.6g/L,ALT 36.6U/L,AST 50.5U/L。血清PCT3.1ng/ml。肝胆脾胰彩超:1.肝硬化;2.脾大;3.胆囊切除术后。腹水彩超:腹腔可探及液性暗区,肝前深约14mm,肝肾隐窝深约30mm,右侧髂窝深约41mm,下腹深约48mm。腹水常规:淡黄,浑浊,白细胞3000×106/L,单核细胞比率20%,多核细胞比率80%,腹水PMN计数2.4×109/L。既往史:7年前因胆囊结石行胆囊切除术。
中医诊断:1.鼓胀 湿热瘀结证;2.肝积。
西医诊断:1.肝硬化 失代偿期 活动性(脾大 腹水);2.自发性细菌性腹膜炎;3.胆囊切除术后状态。
入院后给予静脉输注比阿培南注射液抗感染、人血白蛋白提高血浆胶体渗透压,口服呋塞米片、螺内酯片利尿,并予以护肝、退黄等治疗;同时采用本发明所示中药口服(每日早晚各1次,每次200ml)。治疗7天后复查腹水常规:淡黄,清亮,白细胞120×106/L,单核细胞比率68%,多核细胞比率32%,PMN计数0.04×109/L。治疗14天后,患者体温恢复正常,右胁部胀痛、乏力明显好转,腹胀腹痛基本消失,双下肢水肿、嗳气、口干苦消失,二便调,纳食欲正常,眠可。复查血常规:WBC 4.4×109/L,%NEUT 69.3%,%NEUT 3.06×109/L,CRP 5.2ng/L。肝功:TBIL 130.4μmol/L,DBIL 60.2μmol/L,ALB 37.9g/L,ALT 19.5U/L,AST 38.5U/L。血清PCT 0.07ng/ml。腹水彩超:患者卧位,腹腔未探及液性暗区。
病例四:
患者杨某某,女性,42岁,主因“间断右胁不适伴腹胀5月余,再发10天”于2020年11月05日就诊。
五月前患者因劳累出现有些不适伴腹胀,于当地医院诊断为乙肝肝硬化失代偿期,予抗病毒、护肝、输注人血白蛋白等治疗,症状好转后出院。5月间腹胀反复加重,间断于当地医院住院治疗,病情相对稳定。
十天前患者无明显诱因右胁不适、腹胀再发加重,于当地住院治疗,效不明显,遂来我院求治。入院症见:右胁胀痛,脘腹撑急,腹痛,周身乏力,纳食欲减退,口干,饮不解渴,眠可,小便色黄量少,大便质可,日2~3次,双下肢重度指凹性水肿。舌红,苔中根部黄厚腻,脉弦稍滑。入院时查体:T 37.7℃ P 96次/分 R 23次/分 BP 93/55mmHg Ht 170cm Wt87kg。体格检查:肝病面容,皮肤粘膜及巩膜轻度黄染,腹部膨隆,腹壁静脉显露,脐疝大约3×3cm,腹壁紧张度增加,腹部压痛、反跳痛阳性,肝肋下未触及,脾脏肋下2cm可触及,移动性浊音阳性,双下肢重度指凹性水肿。2020年11月05日查血常规:WBC 5.7×109/L,NEUT83.6%,%NEUT 4.79×109/L,CRP 133.9ng/L。肝功:TBIL 60.1μmol/L,DBIL 44.0μmol/L,ALB 21.6g/L,ALT 32.5U/L,AST 44.2U/L。血清PCT 37.92ng/ml。腹水常规:淡黄,微浑,白细胞1856×106/L,单核细胞比率15%,多核细胞比率85%,PMN计数1.58×109/L。腹水彩超:患者平卧位,腹腔可探及液性暗区,肝前深约33mm,髂窝深约32mm,左侧腹深约106mm,右侧腹深约102mm,下腹深约122mm。上腹部16排CT平扫:1.肝硬化、脾大、门脉高压、大量腹水;2.肝源性胆囊炎。
中医诊断:1.鼓胀 湿热瘀结证;2.肝积;3.黄疸。
西医诊断:1.肝炎肝硬化 乙型 失代偿期 活动性(脾大 腹水);2.自发性细菌性腹膜炎。
入院后给予静脉滴注比阿培南注射液抗感染治疗,人血白蛋白注射液以补充胶体、提高血浆胶体渗透压;口服呋塞米片、螺内酯片利尿,恩替卡韦片抗病毒;及对症支持治疗。采用本发明所示中药口服(每日早晚各1次,每次200ml)。治疗14天后,患者腹痛消失,腹胀、乏力、双下肢水肿明显减轻,纳食欲改善,口干消失,二便正常。复查血常规:WBC 1.9×109/L,%NEUT 58.5%,CRP 33.7ng/L。肝功:TBIL 44.2.1μmol/L,DBIL 17.8μmol/L,ALB35.5g/L,ALT 13.7U/L,AST 28.9U/L。血清PCT 0.15ng/ml。腹水常规:黄色,清,白细胞180×106/L,单核细胞比率80%,多核细胞比率20%,PMN计数0.04×109/L。腹水彩超:患者平卧位,腹腔可探及液性暗区,肝前深约17mm,髂窝深约12mm,左侧腹深约20mm,右侧腹深约22mm,下腹深约43mm。
病例五:
患者曹某某,男性,57岁,主因“间断右胁部不适9年余,加重伴腹胀、乏力半月”于2020年11月23日就诊。
九年前患者因右胁不适至某三甲中医院就诊,检查诊断为乙肝肝硬化,给予抗病毒、保肝及对症治疗,症状好转出院。此后长期服用抗病毒药物,间断复查,肝功能相对稳定。1月前因血WBC、PLT低,在当地某三级医院行脾动脉栓塞术。
半月前患者右胁不适加重,腹部胀大如鼓,身目黄染,乏力,就诊于我院,门诊以“肝炎肝硬化 乙型 失代偿期”为诊断收住院。入院症见:右胁不适,脘腹撑急,腹痛,身目黄染,口干口苦,周身乏力,纳差,眠可,小便色黄量少,大便日1次。舌质暗红,苔黄厚腻,脉弦数。2020年11月27日查血常规:WBC 15.5×109/L,%NEUT 91.9%,%NEUT 14.24×109/L,CRP41.5ng/L。肝功:TBIL 104.4μmol/L,DBIL 57.2μmol/L,ALB 34.4g/L,ALT 12.0U/L,AST29.9U/L。血清PCT 17.29ng/ml。腹水常规:棕色,微浑,白细胞2900×106/L,单核细胞比率80%,多核细胞比率20%,PMN计数0.58×109/L。肝胆脾胰彩超:1.肝硬化并结节;2.肝内钙化灶;3.门静脉高压;4.肝源性胆囊炎;5.脾大。腹水彩超:患者卧位,腹腔可探及不规则液性暗区,肝右前深约16mm,脾下极深约27mm,下腹部深约61mm。
中医诊断:鼓胀 湿热瘀结证。
西医诊断:1.肝炎肝硬化 乙型 失代偿期 活动性(门脉高压 腹水);2.自发性细菌性腹膜炎;3.脾栓塞术后。
入院后给予恩替卡韦片抗病毒;比阿培南注射液抗感染治疗;人血白蛋白注射液以补充白蛋白;托拉塞米静脉注射利尿;并予以丁二磺酸腺苷蛋氨酸改善胆汁淤积、口服牛黄熊去氧胆酸利胆退黄,复方氨基酸注射液营养支持等;采用本发明所示中药口服(每日早晚各1次,每次200ml)。治疗7天后复查腹水常规:淡黄色,微浑,白细胞464×106/L,单核细胞比率72%,多核细胞比率28%,腹水PMN计数0.13×109/L。治疗14天后,患者右胁不适、乏力明显减轻,腹胀、腹痛、口干苦基本消失,身目黄染减轻,二便正常。复查血常规:WBC 5.1×109/L,%NEUT 72.1%,%NEUT 3.67×109/L,CRP 10.9ng/L。肝功:TBIL 82.5μmol/L,DBIL54.2μmol/L,ALB 42.3g/L,ALT 14.2U/L,AST 23.4U/L。血清PCT 2.67ng/ml。腹水彩超:患者卧位,腹腔扫查,内未见游离液性暗区。
上面结合实施例对本发明作了详细的说明,但是,所属技术领域的技术人员能够理解,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以对上述实施例中的各个具体参数进行变更,或者是对相关方法、步骤及原料进行等同替代,从而形成多个具体的实施例,均为本发明的常见变化范围,在此不再一一详述。
Claims (4)
1.一种治疗肝硬化自发性细菌性腹膜炎湿热瘀结证的药物,其特征在于,以重量份计,由以下原料药制成:
水红花子15~35份、马鞭草15~35份、大黄5~15份、白茅根15~35份、半夏5~12份、黄连3~10份、黄芩4~10份、党参9~20份、干姜1~6份、甘草4~10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗肝硬化自发性细菌性腹膜炎湿热瘀结证的药物,其特征在于,由以下原料药制成:
水红花子20~35份、马鞭草20~35份、大黄6~15份、白茅根20~35份、半夏6~12份、黄连3~9份、黄芩4~9份、党参9~18份、干姜2~6份、甘草6~10份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的治疗肝硬化自发性细菌性腹膜炎湿热瘀结证的药物,其特征在于,由以下原料药制成:
水红花子30份、马鞭草30份、大黄10份、白茅根30份、半夏9份、黄连6份、黄芩6份、党参15份、干姜3份、甘草6份。
4.一种治疗肝硬化自发性细菌性腹膜炎湿热瘀结证的药物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)按权利要求1所述配比称取各原料药备用;
(2)先将水红花子、马鞭草、白茅根、半夏、黄连、黄芩、党参、干姜、甘草加入饮用水,水量浸没过药面2~5cm,浸泡30~40min,加热煮沸后继续煎煮30~35min,然后纳入大黄继续煎煮5~10min,过滤得滤液和药渣;
(3)将上步所得药渣加饮用水,水量浸没过药面2~5cm,加热煮沸后继续煎煮25~30min,过滤得滤液;
(4)合并各次煎煮药剂,得煎煮汤剂,或进一步制成丸剂、散剂或胶囊剂。
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