CN113624649A - Road aggregate needle flake content detection system and method based on machine vision - Google Patents
Road aggregate needle flake content detection system and method based on machine vision Download PDFInfo
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- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000877 morphologic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004154 testing of material Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
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Abstract
The invention relates to a road aggregate needle flake content detection system and method based on machine vision, which comprises a material detection platform, a feeding device, a discharging device and a control end, wherein the material detection platform is connected with the feeding device; the material detecting platform comprises a camera and a material detecting disc, the material detecting disc receives the aggregate particles placed by the feeding device, and the camera acquires image information of the aggregate particles and transmits the image information to the control end; the control end screens out needle-shaped particles by utilizing the image information, controls the blanking device to sort the needle-shaped particles and the non-needle-shaped particles, simultaneously receives particle weight information transmitted by the blanking device, and outputs a needle-shaped particle content result. The detection process automatically operates, aggregate to be detected is placed in the storage bin, automatic operation detection can be performed after the system is started, and a detection result is output to the display device through the control end.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of material detection equipment, in particular to a road aggregate needle flake content detection system and method based on machine vision.
Background
The asphalt pavement is mainly composed of aggregate and asphalt, wherein the mass ratio of the aggregate is more than 85%, the shape, the edge angle and the surface texture of the aggregate determine the mutual embedding and friction among the aggregates, the mutual embedding and friction among the aggregates are closely related to the formation of a mixture space framework of the asphalt and the interaction between the asphalt and the aggregate, namely the morphological characteristics of the aggregate obviously influence the pavement performance of the asphalt mixture.
The needle-like particles are particles in which the ratio of the minimum thickness (or diameter) direction to the maximum length (or width) direction of aggregate particles is less than 0.4, and are harmful particles because they are too thin and long or flat to be easily broken during the construction of asphalt pavement, resulting in non-compaction of asphalt mixture and early damage to the pavement. The content of the needle-shaped particles is the proportion of the needle-shaped particles in a certain batch of aggregates, and the higher the content of the needle-shaped particles is, the greater the negative influence on the performance of the road aggregates and asphalt mixtures is.
In the current road construction process, the content of needle sheets of aggregate needs to be tested before the aggregate is used so as to judge whether the aggregate in a certain batch meets the design requirements, thereby better ensuring the road construction and use quality. However, in the current practical engineering, the manual method (vernier caliper, sieve or gauge) is mainly adopted to detect the content of the aggregate needle flaky particles, so that the working efficiency and accuracy are low, and the time and labor are wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a road aggregate needle flake content detection system and method based on machine vision, wherein an image acquisition device and an optical refraction device are used for acquiring a top view image and a side view image of a single aggregate at one time to depict the three-dimensional morphological characteristics of the aggregate, needle flake particles are screened according to the morphological characteristics of the aggregate, and the needle flake particle content in the aggregate to be tested is obtained in a weight calculation mode, so that the traditional manual screening method is replaced.
One or more embodiments provide the following technical solutions:
the road aggregate needle flake content detection system based on machine vision comprises a material detection platform, a feeding device, a discharging device and a control end;
the material detecting platform comprises a camera and a material detecting disc, the material detecting disc receives the aggregate particles placed by the feeding device, and the camera acquires image information of the aggregate particles and transmits the image information to the control end;
the control end screens out needle-shaped particles by utilizing the image information, controls the blanking device to sort the needle-shaped particles and the non-needle-shaped particles, simultaneously receives particle weight information transmitted by the blanking device, and outputs a needle-shaped particle content result.
The material detection platform comprises a base, a camera is fixedly connected to the base, and a prism is arranged below a view finding surface of the camera; the prism one side arranges and examines the charging tray, examines the charging tray center and connects the board in a poor light, examines the charging tray and rotates for the base, examines the settlement position of charging tray simultaneously and places the aggregate particle that awaits measuring.
The feeding device comprises a stock bin and a feeding mechanical arm, and the feeding mechanical arm grabs one aggregate particle from the stock bin and places the aggregate particle on a set material detecting position of a material detecting disc.
The storage bin is internally provided with aggregate to be detected, the bottom of the storage bin is provided with a telescopic rod, the telescopic rod is connected with a control end, and the control end controls the telescopic rod to stretch according to a set time interval, so that aggregate particles are lifted and then supplied to a feeding mechanical arm.
The vibrating motor is arranged on the side wall of the storage bin and used for enabling the aggregates in the storage bin to be uniformly distributed.
The discharging device comprises a discharging mechanical arm and a collecting device, and the discharging mechanical arm transfers the aggregate particles which are detected and finished on the material detection plate to the collecting device.
The collecting device comprises a needle flaky particle tray and a non-needle flaky particle tray, each tray is provided with a bearing sensor, and weight information of two kinds of screened particles is transmitted to the control end.
The control end receives the overhead view image and the side view image of the aggregate particles acquired by the camera, the maximum length L, the maximum width W and the maximum thickness t of each aggregate particle are obtained after the images are processed, the ratio of the maximum length L to the maximum thickness t is used as a judgment basis to screen the needle-shaped particles, the blanking mechanical arm is controlled to place the screened aggregate particles in the corresponding collecting device, the weight information sent by the collecting device is received, and the calculation of the content of the needle-shaped particles is completed.
The working method of the system comprises the following steps:
step 1: acquiring image information; the method specifically comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that a camera acquires overlook image information and side view image information of aggregate particles, binaryzation is conducted on an original image, and then noise reduction processing is conducted on the aggregate image;
step 2: depicting three-dimensional characteristics of the aggregate; the method specifically comprises the following steps: after the image is processed, the maximum length L, the maximum width w and the maximum thickness t of the maximum length surface of the aggregate particles are obtained, and the relation of the three parameters is that t is more than w and less than L.
And step 3: and screening the needle-shaped particles by taking the ratio of the maximum length L to the maximum thickness t as a judgment basis.
And 4, step 4: calculating the content of needle-shaped particles; the method specifically comprises the following steps: the needle flake content w at this time was calculated using w ═ w1/(w1+ w2) ] × 100%, where w1 is the weight of the needle-flake particles in the collection device and w2 is the weight of the non-needle-flake particles in the collection device.
The above one or more technical solutions have the following beneficial effects:
1. the detection process automatically operates, aggregate to be detected is placed in the storage bin, automatic operation detection can be performed after the system is started, and a detection result is output to the display device through the control end.
2. The optical refraction device is added, so that the camera can simultaneously obtain the overlook image and the side view image of the aggregate particles through one-time sampling, thereby describing the three-dimensional characteristics of the aggregate without a multi-angle camera.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
Fig. 1(a) is a schematic top view of a material testing platform according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 1(b) is a schematic side view of a material testing platform according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 2(a) is a schematic diagram of a side view of a storage bin according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 2(b) is a schematic diagram of the overall structure provided by one or more embodiments of the present invention;
fig. 3(a) is a schematic top view of a blanking device according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;
fig. 3(b) is a schematic diagram of a sorting tray structure provided by one or more embodiments of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a camera; 2. a prism; 3. detecting a material plate; 4. a backlight plate; 5. a weighing sensor; 6. a needle-like particle tray; 7. a non-needle sheet-like particle tray; 8. a blanking mechanical arm; 9. detecting the position of the material; 10. a feeding mechanical arm; 11. a storage bin; 12. a vibration motor; 13. a telescopic rod; 14. aggregate to be detected; 15. a material detection platform; 16. a base.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
As described in the background art, the needle-flake particle content of the aggregate in the current practical engineering is mainly determined by a manual method, that is, three-dimensional dimensions (maximum length, maximum width, maximum thickness of the maximum length surface) of each aggregate are manually measured by using a vernier caliper, a sieve or a gauge, and then calculation is performed to screen out the needle-flake particles, and then the percentage of the needle-flake particles in the total amount of the detected aggregate particles is calculated. Therefore, the following embodiments provide a hardware structure of a road aggregate needle flake content detection system based on machine vision and a corresponding detection method, wherein a camera is used for acquiring the size (maximum length, maximum width and maximum thickness) of each aggregate particle, needle flake particles and non-needle flake particles are identified according to the size, then a blanking device is used for sorting the aggregate particles in a corresponding weighing tray, and then an upper computer is used for completing weight calculation to finally obtain the content of the needle flake particles in a batch of aggregate samples.
The first embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1-3, the road aggregate needle flake content detection system based on machine vision comprises a material detection platform, a feeding device, a discharging device and a control end;
the material detecting platform 15 comprises a camera 1 and a material detecting disc 3, the material detecting disc 3 receives aggregate particles placed by the feeding device, and the camera 1 obtains image information of the aggregate particles and transmits the image information to the control end;
the control end identifies needle-shaped particles by utilizing the image information, controls the blanking device to screen the needle-shaped particles and non-needle-shaped particles, receives particle weight information transmitted by the blanking device and outputs needle-shaped particle content results.
The material detecting platform 15 comprises a base 16, a camera 1 is fixedly connected to the base, and a prism 2 is arranged below a view finding surface of the camera 1; the material detecting disc 3 is arranged on one side of the prism 2, the center of the material detecting disc 3 is connected with the backlight plate 4, the material detecting disc 3 rotates relative to the base 16, and the aggregate particles to be detected are placed at the set position of the material detecting disc 3.
In this embodiment, the material detecting tray 3 rotates through 60 ° at a set interval, and the material detecting tray 3 rotates one turn (360 °) for 6 times in total.
In this embodiment, the backlight plate 4 is a cylindrical part with a regular hexagonal cross section, each plane corresponds to the position where the material detection disc 3 rotates, the hexagon rotates for six times corresponding to the material detection disc 3, and the material detection position 9 is located at the edge of the material detection disc 3 and is covered by one surface of the backlight plate 4.
The prism 2 is an optical refraction prism, and the side image of the aggregate particles is refracted into the camera 1 through the optical refraction prism, so that the camera 1 can simultaneously acquire the side image and the overlook image of the aggregate particles by shooting at one time, the overlook image shows the length and the width of the aggregate particles, and the side image shows the length and the thickness of the aggregate particles, thereby depicting the three-dimensional characteristics (length, width and thickness) of the aggregate.
The backlight plate 4 ensures that the image background in the optical prism 2 is pure color, which is convenient for binarization analysis in image processing, in the embodiment, the backlight plate 4 takes the shape of a regular hexagon in cross section to match with the rotation speed of the material detecting disc 3 rotating by 60 degrees once, and the rotation speed of the material detecting disc 3 depends on the calculation speed of the control end and the action speed of the feeding device and the blanking device.
The feeding device comprises a bin 11 and a feeding mechanical arm 10, and in one action cycle of the feeding mechanical arm 10, one aggregate particle is grabbed from the bin 11 and placed on a set material detection position 9 of the material detection disc 3.
In this embodiment, the host computer as the control end controls the automatic flexible of telescopic link according to the time interval that sets for the granule that gathers materials is held and is supplied the material loading arm 10 to snatch after being lifted, thereby makes material loading arm 10 can accurately snatch each granule that gathers materials.
The vibration motor 12 of the side wall ensures that the aggregate particles in the bin are uniformly distributed by the vibration of the motor.
The blanking device comprises a blanking mechanical arm 8 and a collecting device, and the blanking mechanical arm 8 transfers the aggregate particles which are inspected on the inspection plate 3 into the collecting device.
The collecting device comprises a needle flaky particle tray 6 and a non-needle flaky particle tray 7, wherein each tray is provided with a bearing sensor 5 for collecting the identified needle flaky particles, and simultaneously, the weight information of the screened two particles is transmitted to the control end.
The control end in this embodiment is the host computer, the host computer receives aggregate particle overlook image and side view image that camera 1 obtained, obtain maximum length L, maximum width W and maximum thickness t of each aggregate particle after processing the image, utilize this size discernment this aggregate particle to be needle slice granule or non-needle slice granule, and send the instruction to unloading arm 8, control unloading arm will have discerned the aggregate particle who finishes and place in corresponding collection device, receive the weight information that collection device sent simultaneously, accomplish the calculation of needle slice granule content, final output result.
Example two:
therefore, in one embodiment, the method of operation of the described system comprises the steps of:
step 1: acquiring image information; the method specifically comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps that a camera acquires overlook image information and side view image information of aggregate particles, binaryzation is conducted on an original image, and then noise reduction processing is conducted on the aggregate image;
step 2: depicting three-dimensional characteristics of the aggregate; the method specifically comprises the following steps: after the image is processed, the maximum length L, the maximum width w and the maximum thickness t of the maximum length surface of the aggregate particles are obtained, and the relation of the three parameters is that t is more than w and less than L.
And step 3: and screening the needle-shaped particles by taking the ratio of the maximum length L to the maximum thickness t as a judgment basis.
And 4, step 4: calculating the content of needle-shaped particles; the method specifically comprises the following steps: the needle flake content w at this time was calculated using w ═ w1/(w1+ w2) ] × 100%, where w1 is the weight of the needle-flake particles in the collection device and w2 is the weight of the non-needle-flake particles in the collection device.
The specific process is as follows:
the first step is as follows: host computer control loading attachment will gather materials 14 and place on examining charging tray 3, vibrating motor 12 keeps the evenly distributed that gathers materials in the feed bin 11 through vibration constantly at this in-process, and telescopic link 13 lifts the back that gathers materials and supplies feeding mechanical arm 10 to snatch, and telescopic link 13 comes back the normal position afterwards, and feeding mechanical arm 10 will gather materials 14 and place in examining charging tray 3's detection position 9 simultaneously.
The second step is that: the material detecting disc rotates 360 degrees, when the material detecting disc rotates 60 degrees, namely the aggregate on the material detecting disc 3 is positioned at the axis position, the material detecting disc 3 is static for 2 seconds, at the moment, the camera 1 obtains a top view of the aggregate from the material detecting disc 3, and simultaneously obtains a side view of the aggregate from the optical prism 2.
The third step: and processing and calculating the image acquired in the second step by the upper computer, and judging whether the aggregate is needle-shaped particles or not, wherein the principle is as follows:
based on a coarse aggregate needle flake particle content test method (vernier caliper method) in highway engineering aggregate test regulations (JTG E42-2005), an upper computer obtains the maximum length L, the maximum width W and the maximum thickness t of aggregate particles 14 through an image processing algorithm, guarantees that the maximum length (L) of the aggregate particles is greater than the maximum width (W) of the aggregate particles is greater than the maximum thickness (t), and takes the ratio of the maximum length L to the maximum thickness t as a judgment basis, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein when i is 1, the particle is marked as a needle flake particle; when i is 0, it is recorded as a non-needle flake particle.
If the needle-shaped particles are picked, the needle-shaped particles are placed in a needle-shaped particle tray 6 by a blanking mechanical arm 8, and meanwhile, weight data are obtained by a weighing sensor 5 fixed at the bottom of the needle-shaped particle weighing tray 6 and are transmitted to an upper computer, and the weight data are recorded as w 1; if the non-needle flaky particles are obtained, the non-needle flaky particles are grabbed by the blanking mechanical arm 8 and then placed in the non-needle flaky particle tray 7, meanwhile, the weighing sensor 5 fixed at the bottom of the needle flaky particle tray 7 acquires weight data and transmits the weight data to an upper computer, and the weight data is recorded as w 2. The upper computer is according to the formula: the needle-sheet content w at this time was calculated as [ w1/(w1+ w2) ] × 100%.
And continuously repeating the above process to detect the next aggregate. The detection time for completing one aggregate is less than or equal to 5 seconds.
The detection process automatically operates, aggregate to be detected is placed in the storage bin, automatic operation detection can be performed after the system is started, and a detection result is output to the display device through the control end.
The optical refraction prism is added, so that the overlook image and the side view image of the aggregate particles can be obtained simultaneously by the camera through one-time sampling, the three-dimensional characteristics of the aggregate are described, and the camera with multiple angles is not needed.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. Road aggregate needle slice content detecting system based on machine vision, its characterized in that: the automatic feeding device comprises a material detecting platform, a feeding device, a discharging device and a control end;
the material detecting platform comprises a camera and a material detecting disc, the material detecting disc receives the aggregate particles placed by the feeding device, and the camera acquires image information of the aggregate particles and transmits the image information to the control end;
the control end screens out needle-shaped particles by utilizing the image information, controls the blanking device to sort the needle-shaped particles and the non-needle-shaped particles, simultaneously receives particle weight information transmitted by the blanking device, and outputs a needle-shaped particle content result.
2. The machine vision-based pavement aggregate needle flake content detection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: examine material platform and include the base, fixed connection camera on the base, the face below space of looking a view of camera sets up the prism.
3. The machine vision-based pavement aggregate needle flake content detection system as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the prism one side arranges and examines the charging tray, examines the charging tray center and connects the board in a poor light, examines the charging tray and rotates for the base, examines the settlement position of charging tray and places the aggregate particle that awaits measuring.
4. The machine vision-based pavement aggregate needle flake content detection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the feeding device comprises a bin and a feeding mechanical arm, wherein the feeding mechanical arm grabs one aggregate particle from the bin and places the aggregate particle on a set material detecting position of a material detecting disc.
5. The machine vision-based pavement aggregate needle flake content detection system of claim 4, wherein: the device comprises a storage bin, a telescopic rod, a control end and a feeding mechanical arm, wherein aggregate to be detected is placed in the storage bin, the telescopic rod is installed at the bottom of the storage bin and connected with the control end, and the control end controls the telescopic rod to push aggregate particles to rise according to a set time interval so as to be grabbed by the feeding mechanical arm.
6. The machine vision-based pavement aggregate needle flake content detection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the discharging device comprises a discharging mechanical arm and a collecting device, and the discharging mechanical arm transfers the aggregate particles which are detected and finished on the material detection disc to the collecting device.
7. The machine vision-based pavement aggregate needle flake content detection system of claim 6, wherein: the collecting device comprises a needle flaky particle tray and a non-needle flaky particle tray, each tray is provided with a bearing sensor, and weight information of two kinds of particles screened out is transmitted to the control end.
8. A method of operating the system of claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1: acquiring image information;
step 2: depicting the three-dimensional characteristics of the aggregate, and screening needle-shaped particles;
and step 3: calculating the content of needle-shaped particles.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein: the step 2 specifically comprises the following steps: after the image is processed, the maximum length L, the maximum width w and the maximum thickness t of the maximum length surface of the aggregate particles are obtained, and the ratio of the maximum length L to the maximum thickness t is used as a judgment basis for screening the needle-shaped particles.
10. The method of claim 8, wherein: the step 3 specifically comprises the following steps: calculating the needle-flake particle content w by using w ═ w1/(w1+ w2) ] × 100%, wherein w1 is the weight of the needle-flake particles in the collection device and w2 is the weight of the non-needle-flake particles in the collection device.
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