CN113622195A - 一种掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物的制备方法,本发明提供的方法包括掺杂碳量子点和异氰酸酯型微胶囊混合溶液的制备、混合溶液喷涂到棉织物上、辗轧棉织物、清洗和干燥,首先,按照一定体积比将掺杂碳量子点溶液和异氰酸酯型微胶囊溶液配置成混合溶液,接着将一定体积的混合溶液置于喷雾器中,将混合溶液喷涂到一定面积的棉织物上,然后将棉织物在轧机上进行反复辗轧3次,用清水进行洗涤,最后于80℃的烘箱中干燥,得到的掺杂碳量子防紫外棉织物透湿量是原始棉织物的90.76%~95.81%,紫外线防护系数是原始棉织物的1.99~2.97倍,将掺杂碳量子防紫外棉织物进行十次洗涤‑干燥之后,其透湿量是原始棉织物的93.32%~96.99%,紫外线防护系数是原始棉织物的1.88~2.83倍。
Description
技术领域
本技术涉及一种表面功能化棉织物的制备,属于棉织物表面改性的方法。
背景技术
太阳光中的紫外线辐射对人体健康有诸多的不利,并且还具有逐渐积累的作用,长时间照射,会带给人体很大的伤害,危害人体的健康,所以利用防紫外线纺织品以及遮阳伞等外物进行紫外线遮蔽,已经成为一种不可缺少的防护手段。根据纺织品的紫外线防护原理,可以通过减少纺织物紫外线透过率和增大纺织物对紫外线的吸收率或反射率这两种方法来实现纺织品的紫外线防护。当前比较常用的有三种方法,一种是在纺丝液中混入一些具有紫外线屏蔽效果的特殊结构的纳米材料,经过纺丝得到具有紫外线防护功能的纤维,然后制成的具有抗紫外线能力的纺织物,这种方法获得的织物紫外线屏蔽率高,防紫外线效果持久,但由于纳米材料本身的极性和颗粒容易聚集,其纺丝过程较为困难。另一种是直接对纺织物进行后整理,通过表面涂层技术、纳米-凝胶技术和自组装技术等将纳米颗粒整理到棉织物表面,这一类方法制备的纺织物紫外线防护能力也能得到提高,而且整理工艺也比较简单,但是对纺织物形貌影响较大,且紫外线防护效果并不持久。最后一种就是利用天然染料或天然紫外吸收剂对棉布进行后整理,这种方法具有无毒无害且抗紫外性能良好的特点,但天然染料和天然紫外吸收剂的提取或者合成工艺复杂,且持久效果差,因此不宜进行推广。
碳量子点是以碳为骨架的一种近似球型且直径小于10nm的零维半导体纳米晶体,其水溶液能够有效的吸收220-340nm的紫外线,并释放出蓝光荧光,碳量子点还具有制作成本低、环境友好性和生物稳定性等特点,因此碳量子点用作棉织物紫外线防护的整理剂具有可行性。考虑到碳量子点不易固定在棉织物的表面,采用微胶囊技术将作为黏合剂的异氰酸酯稳定地包封在囊壳中制成微胶囊,将微胶囊与碳量子点混合后涂层整理到棉织物上进行辗轧,微胶囊破裂,芯材异氰酸酯的异氰酸酯基团与碳量子点表面的羟基和氨基、棉织物上的羟基进行化学交联反应,将碳量子点固定在棉织物里面,提高棉织物抗紫外的持久性。
发明内容
目前,棉布在制衣方面具有较大市场,因其具有良好的吸湿性和透气性,穿着舒适且布料手感好,同时具有良好的保暖效果,但其也有不可避免的缺陷,如其防紫外能力较差。针对这一问题,本发明的目的是提供一种既能提高防紫外能力、又能保持良好透湿性能棉织物的制备方法,为了实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案为:
一种掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物的制备方法包括异氰酸酯型微胶囊和掺杂碳量子点混合溶液的制备、混合溶液喷涂到棉织物上、辗轧棉织物、干燥,其特征在于,所述的掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物的制备方法按以下步骤进行:
A. 将掺杂碳量子点水溶液和异氰酸酯型微胶囊水溶液按照一定体积比例进行充分搅拌,得到碳量子点和异氰酸酯型微胶囊混合溶液;
所述的异氰酸酯型微胶囊壳层为聚氨酯、芯层为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,粒径大小范围为340-2300nm,芯材含量为55%~65%;
所述的掺杂碳量子点是以柠檬酸、柠檬酸铵或葡萄糖为碳源,硼砂作为硼源,乙二胺作为氮源的硼氮掺杂碳量子点,颗粒大小约为 5-8 nm,具有类球形的形态,表面均含有大量的羧基、羟基和胺基等含氧、含氮官能团;
所述的掺杂碳量子点水溶液浓度范围为0.02~0.05g/mL,异氰酸酯型微胶囊水溶液的浓度范围为0.2~0.5 g/mL;
所述的掺杂碳量子点水溶液和异氰酸酯型微胶囊水溶液按照一定体积比例进行充分搅拌,一定体积比例是1:1或1.5:1或2:1;
B. 将一定体积的混合溶液置于喷雾器中,喷涂到一定面积的棉织物上,混合溶液体积与棉织物面积关系为1.5L/m2;
C.将喷涂之后的棉织物在轧机上进行辗轧,反复辗轧3次之后,用清水进行洗涤,最后于80℃的烘箱中干燥,得到掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物。
由于采用了以上技术方案,本发明的优点如下:
(1)本发明对棉织物的进行功能化整理,棉织物防紫外能力得到很大提升,未对棉布的织物结构进行改变,因此棉织物强度、手感、透湿气性能等得到保留。
(2)采用喷涂的方式将溶液均匀覆盖在膜的表面,这种方法简单易行,容易实现工业化生产。
具体实施方式
本发明采用碳量子点与异氰酸酯微胶囊共混涂层对棉织物进行功能化整理,提高了棉织物防紫外能力的同时,极大程度地保留了棉织物的透湿性能。
一种掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物的制备方法包括异氰酸酯型微胶囊和掺杂碳量子点混合溶液的制备、混合溶液喷涂到棉织物上、辗轧棉织物、干燥,其特征在于,所述的掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物的制备方法按以下步骤进行:
A.将掺杂碳量子点水溶液和异氰酸酯型微胶囊水溶液按照一定体积比例进行充分搅拌,得到碳量子点和异氰酸酯型微胶囊混合溶液;所述的异氰酸酯型微胶囊壳层为聚氨酯、芯层为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,粒径大小范围为340-2300nm,芯材含量为55%~65%;所述的掺杂碳量子点是以柠檬酸、柠檬酸铵或葡萄糖为碳源,硼砂作为硼源,乙二胺作为氮源的硼氮掺杂碳量子点,颗粒大小约为 5-8 nm,具有类球形的形态,表面均含有大量的羧基、羟基和胺基等含氧、含氮官能团;所述的掺杂碳量子点水溶液浓度范围为0.02~0.05g/mL,异氰酸酯型微胶囊水溶液的浓度范围为0.2~0.5 g/mL;所述的掺杂碳量子点水溶液和异氰酸酯型微胶囊水溶液按照一定体积比例进行充分搅拌,一定体积比例是1:1或1.5:1或2:1;
B.将一定体积的混合溶液置于喷雾器中,喷涂到一定面积的棉织物上,混合溶液体积与棉织物面积关系为1.5L/m2;
C.将喷涂之后的棉织物在轧机上进行辗轧,反复辗轧3次之后,用清水进行洗涤,最后于80℃的烘箱中干燥,得到掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物。
以下实施实例对本发明做更详细的描述。
具体实施例
实施例1
配制浓度为 0.02g/mL的掺杂碳量子点水溶液和浓度为0.2g/mL的异氰酸酯型微胶囊水溶液,按照体积比为1:1,取3mL掺杂碳量子点水溶液和3mL异氰酸酯型微胶囊溶液混合,搅拌均匀,然后将6mL混合溶液置于喷雾器中,均匀喷涂到6cm×6cm大小的棉织物上,对棉布进行反复碾压,使微胶囊破裂,让芯材异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯与碳量子点、棉织物进行化学交联反应,使碳量子点固定在棉织物上,最后用清水进行洗涤,最后于80℃的烘箱中干燥,得到掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物,其紫外线防护系数为62.1,其透湿量为2855.03 g/m2·d,原始棉织物的紫外线防护系数为31. 2,透湿量为2979.95g/m2·d,掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物的紫外线防护系数是原始棉织物的1.99倍,掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物的透湿量为原始棉织物的95.81%,经过十次洗涤-干燥之后,掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物的紫外线防护系数为58.7,其透湿量为2780.76 g/m2·d,此时,掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物的紫外线防护系数是原始棉织物的1.88倍,透湿量为原始棉织物的93.32%。
实施例2
配制浓度为 0.02g/mL的掺杂碳量子点水溶液和浓度为0.3g/mL的异氰酸酯型微胶囊水溶液,按照体积比为1.5:1,取3.6mL掺杂碳量子点水溶液和2.4 mL的异氰酸酯型微胶囊水溶液混合,搅拌均匀,然后将6mL混合溶液置于喷雾器中,均匀喷涂到6cm×6cm大小的棉织物上,对棉布进行反复碾压,使微胶囊破裂,让芯材异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯与碳量子点、棉织物进行化学交联反应,使碳量子点固定在棉织物上,最后用清水进行洗涤,最后于80℃的烘箱中干燥,得到掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物,其紫外线防护系数为67.7,其透湿量为2836.94 g/m2·d,原始棉织物的紫外线防护系数为31. 2,透湿量为2979.95g/m2·d,掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物的紫外线防护系数是原始棉织物的2.17倍,掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物的透湿量为原始棉织物的95.20%,经过十次洗涤-干燥之后,掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物的紫外线防护系数为65.2,其透湿量为2880.36 g/m2·d,此时,掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物的紫外线防护系数是原始棉织物的2.09倍,透湿量为原始棉织物的96.66%。
实施例3
配制浓度为 0.02g/mL的掺杂碳量子点水溶液和浓度为0.3g/mL的异氰酸酯型微胶囊水溶液,按照体积比为2:1,取4mL掺杂碳量子点水溶液和2mL的异氰酸酯型微胶囊水溶液混合,搅拌均匀,然后将6mL混合溶液置于喷雾器中,均匀喷涂到6cm×6cm大小的棉织物上,对棉布进行反复碾压,使微胶囊破裂,让芯材异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯与碳量子点、棉织物进行化学交联反应,使碳量子点固定在棉织物上,最后用清水进行洗涤,最后于80℃的烘箱中干燥,得到掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物,其紫外线防护系数为74.7,其透湿量为2851.54g/m2·d,原始棉织物的紫外线防护系数为31. 2,透湿量为2979.95g/m2·d,掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物的紫外线防护系数是原始棉织物的2.39倍,掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物的透湿量为原始棉织物的95.69%,经过十次洗涤-干燥之后,掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物的紫外线防护系数为71.8,其透湿量为2890.21 g/m2·d,此时,掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物的紫外线防护系数是原始棉织物的2.30倍,透湿量为原始棉织物的96.99%。
实施例4
配制浓度为 0.04g/mL的掺杂碳量子点水溶液和浓度为0.4g/mL的异氰酸酯型微胶囊水溶液,按照体积比为1:1,取3mL掺杂碳量子点水溶液和3mL异氰酸酯型微胶囊溶液混合,搅拌均匀,然后将6mL混合溶液置于喷雾器中,均匀喷涂到6cm×6cm大小的棉织物上,对棉布进行反复碾压,使微胶囊破裂,让芯材异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯与碳量子点、棉织物进行化学交联反应,使碳量子点固定在棉织物上,最后用清水进行洗涤,最后于80℃的烘箱中干燥,得到掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物,其紫外线防护系数为81.3,其透湿量为2783.30 g/m2·d,原始棉织物的紫外线防护系数为31. 2,透湿量为2979.95g/m2·d,掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物的紫外线防护系数是原始棉织物的2.61倍,掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物的透湿量为原始棉织物的93.40%,经过十次洗涤-干燥之后,掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物的紫外线防护系数为78.2,其透湿量为2816.23 g/m2·d,此时,掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物的紫外线防护系数是原始棉织物的2.51倍,透湿量为原始棉织物的95.51%。
实施例5
配制浓度为 0.05g/mL的掺杂碳量子点水溶液和浓度为0.5g/mL的异氰酸酯型微胶囊水溶液,按照体积比为1:1,取3mL掺杂碳量子点水溶液和3mL异氰酸酯型微胶囊溶液混合,搅拌均匀,然后将6mL混合溶液置于喷雾器中,均匀喷涂到6cm×6cm大小的棉织物上,对棉布进行反复碾压,使微胶囊破裂,让芯材异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯与碳量子点、棉织物进行化学交联反应,使碳量子点固定在棉织物上,最后用清水进行洗涤,最后于80℃的烘箱中干燥,得到掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物,其紫外线防护系数为92.8,其透湿量为2704.66g/m2·d,原始棉织物的紫外线防护系数为31. 2,透湿量为2979.95g/m2·d,掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物的紫外线防护系数是原始棉织物的2.97倍,掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物的透湿量为原始棉织物的90.76%,经过十次洗涤-干燥之后,掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物的紫外线防护系数为88.4,其透湿量为2783.73 g/m2·d,此时,掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物的紫外线防护系数是原始棉织物的2.83倍,透湿量为原始棉织物的93.42%。
Claims (1)
1.一种掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物的制备方法包括掺杂碳量子点和异氰酸酯型微胶囊混合溶液的制备、混合溶液喷涂到棉织物上、辗轧棉织物、清洗和干燥,其特征在于,所述的掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物的制备方法按以下步骤进行:
将掺杂碳量子点水溶液和异氰酸酯型微胶囊水溶液按照一定体积比例进行充分搅拌,得到碳量子点和异氰酸酯型微胶囊混合溶液;
所述的异氰酸酯型微胶囊壳层为聚氨酯、芯层为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,粒径大小范围为340-2300nm,芯材含量为55%~65%;
所述的掺杂碳量子点是以柠檬酸、柠檬酸铵或葡萄糖为碳源,硼砂作为硼源,乙二胺作为氮源的硼氮掺杂碳量子点,颗粒大小约为 5-8 nm,具有类球形的形态,表面含有大量的羧基、羟基和胺基等含氧、含氮官能团;
所述的掺杂碳量子点水溶液浓度范围为0.02~0.05g/mL,异氰酸酯型微胶囊水溶液的浓度范围为0.2~0.5 g/mL;
所述的掺杂碳量子点水溶液和异氰酸酯型微胶囊水溶液按照一定体积比例进行充分搅拌,一定体积比例是1:1或1.5:1或2:1;
将一定体积的混合溶液置于喷雾器中,喷涂到一定面积的棉织物上,混合溶液体积与棉织物面积关系为1.5L/m2~1.7 L/m2;
将喷涂之后的棉织物在轧机上进行辗轧,反复辗轧3次之后,用清水进行洗涤,最后于80℃的烘箱中干燥,得到掺杂碳量子点防紫外棉织物。
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