CN113621909A - Preparation method of lead-tin alloy coating on surface of copper alloy bearing bush material - Google Patents

Preparation method of lead-tin alloy coating on surface of copper alloy bearing bush material Download PDF

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CN113621909A
CN113621909A CN202110793849.9A CN202110793849A CN113621909A CN 113621909 A CN113621909 A CN 113621909A CN 202110793849 A CN202110793849 A CN 202110793849A CN 113621909 A CN113621909 A CN 113621909A
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copper alloy
lead
tin
alloy
bearing material
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贾磊
宋伟
杨旭
吕振林
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Xian University of Technology
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Xian University of Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/08—Tin or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of a copper alloy bearing bush material, which is implemented according to the following steps: step 1, weighing a tin block and a lead block, and heating and melting to obtain a tin-lead alloy A; step 2, pretreating the surface of the copper alloy bearing bush material; and 3, placing the copper alloy bearing bush material pretreated in the step 2 into molten tin-lead alloy A for hot dip coating, and cooling to obtain a lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of the copper alloy bearing bush material. The method for hot-dip plating a lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of the existing copper alloy bearing bush material reduces the abrasion of the alloy layer of the bearing bush material to a great extent, and can greatly improve the service life of the existing copper alloy bearing bush, thereby achieving the purpose of saving cost and generating great economic benefit.

Description

Preparation method of lead-tin alloy coating on surface of copper alloy bearing bush material
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal alloy materials, and relates to a preparation method of a lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of a copper alloy bearing bush material.
Background
The bearing bush alloy material is a compromise product of mechanical, physical and chemical properties of a metal material and bearing characteristics of the material, so that the best bearing bush alloy material is not available, and only the better bearing bush alloy material is available under certain use conditions. The bearing bush is composed of three parts, namely a steel backing, an antifriction alloy layer and a soft coating layer, and a very thin oil film is required to play a role in lubrication between the bearing bush and the rotating shaft when the sliding bearing works. If lubrication is poor, direct friction exists between the bearing bush and the rotating shaft, high temperature can be generated due to friction, although the bearing bush is made of special high-temperature-resistant alloy materials, the high temperature generated due to direct friction is still enough to burn the bearing bush, the bearing bush can be burnt due to the factors of overlarge load, overhigh temperature, impurities in lubricating oil or abnormal viscosity and the like, and the sliding bearing is damaged after the bearing bush is burnt.
High-speed bearing bushes of large-scale machines such as steam turbines and the like in heavy power machinery at present; bearings and bearing bushes such as compressors; bearings, bearing bushes, etc. of rolling mills; the grinding machine support sliding block is basically made of copper-based bearing alloy, namely, copper is used as a base body, alloy elements such as lead and tin are added, and a bearing material which has a hard phase as a support of a bearing bush material and a soft phase for lubricating in the working process of the bearing is prepared.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of a copper alloy bearing bush material, which solves the problems of low service life and high cost of the existing copper alloy bearing bush material in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the preparation method of the lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of the copper alloy bearing bush material is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, weighing a tin block and a lead block, and heating and melting to obtain a tin-lead alloy A;
step 2, pretreating the surface of the copper alloy bearing bush material;
and 3, placing the copper alloy bearing bush material pretreated in the step 2 into molten tin-lead alloy A for hot dip coating, and cooling to obtain a lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of the copper alloy bearing bush material.
The invention is also characterized in that:
and (3) adding rare earth when heating and melting the tin block and the lead block in the step 1.
In the step 1, the melting temperature is 320-350 ℃, the heating rate is 6-10 ℃/min, and the melting time is 50-80 min.
The step 2 is implemented according to the following steps:
2.1, polishing the surface of the copper alloy bearing bush material by using sand paper until the surface is smooth to obtain a copper alloy B;
2.2, putting the copper alloy B obtained in the step 2.1 into a prepared alkali solution for degreasing treatment, and then putting the copper alloy B into an ultrasonic cleaner for cleaning for 10-20min to obtain a copper alloy C;
and 2.3, putting the copper alloy C obtained in the step 2.2 into a prepared plating assistant solution for plating assistant treatment, and then drying the copper alloy C at the temperature of 40-60 ℃ by using a drying box to obtain a copper alloy D.
And 2.1, grinding by using 500# -2000# waterproof abrasive paper.
The solute of the alkaline washing solution in the step 2.2 comprises NaOH and Na with the mass ratio of 3-5:1-3:12CO3And Na2SiO3In which H is2O accounts for 60-80% of the total mass of the solution, the temperature of the alkali washing solution is 70-90 ℃, and the alkali washing time is 30-60 min.
The proportion of the plating assistant solution in the step 2.3 is 0.5-1.0mlHCl and 5-15gZnCl2、1.0-2.0gNH4Cl, 1.0-5.0g NaCl and 30-50ml H2O, the temperature of the plating assistant solution is 70-90 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-30 min.
The hot dip plating temperature in the step 3 is 200-350 ℃, and the hot time is 10-70 s.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the preparation method, the surface of the copper alloy bearing bush material is hot-dipped with the lead-tin alloy coating, the coating and the copper alloy matrix have good interface bonding strength, the interface critical load of the obtained lead-tin alloy coating and the matrix can reach 20-30N, the critical load is quite stable, and the thickness of a diffusion layer is proper; the method for hot-dip plating a lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of the existing copper alloy bearing bush material reduces the abrasion of the alloy layer of the bearing bush material to a great extent, and can greatly improve the service life of the existing copper alloy bearing bush, thereby achieving the purpose of saving cost and generating great economic benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a 5000-fold microstructure of a lead-tin alloy plating layer obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a 5000-fold microstructure of a Pb-Sn alloy plating layer obtained in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a 5000-fold microstructure of a Pb-Sn alloy plating layer obtained in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a 5000-fold microstructure of a lead-tin alloy plating layer obtained in example 4 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of a copper alloy bearing bush material, which is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, according to the mass ratio of 80-95: weighing Sn blocks and Pb blocks with the purity of not less than 99.9 percent in a proportion of 5-20, putting the crucible filled with the weighed Sn blocks into a crucible type resistance furnace, setting the temperature of the resistance furnace to be 320-350 ℃, setting the heating rate to be 6-10 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 50-80 min; adding a Pb block after the Sn block is melted into liquid, and adding a trace amount of rare earth, so that the phenomenon of lead segregation in the lead-tin alloy can be effectively prevented, free lead simple substances can be uniformly distributed in the lead-tin alloy, continuously stirring the molten metal in the heat preservation process, taking out the crucible from a resistance furnace after the heat preservation is finished, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain a lead-tin alloy A;
step 2: surface pretreatment of copper alloy bearing bush material
Polishing the surface of the metal block of the copper alloy bearing bush material by using 500# -2000# waterproof abrasive paper to obtain copper alloy B, and then polishing the smooth surfaceThe copper alloy B is placed into alkaline washing solution for alkaline washing to remove organic pollutants such as oil stains on the surface of the copper alloy B, and the solute of the alkaline washing solution is NaOH and Na2CO3、Na2SiO3The mass ratio of the components is 3-5:1-3:1, wherein H2O accounts for 60-80% of the total mass of the solution, the temperature of the solution is 70-90 ℃, and the alkali washing time is 30-60 min; after the alkali washing is finished, taking out the copper alloy B, washing the copper alloy B by using distilled water, finally putting the copper alloy B into a beaker, pouring alcohol into the beaker, and putting the beaker into an ultrasonic cleaning instrument for cleaning for 10-20min to obtain a copper alloy C; then, the copper alloy C after alkali washing is carried out with plating assistant treatment, and the proportion of the plating assistant solution is 0.5-1.0ml HCl and 5-15g ZnCl2、1.0-2.0gNH4Cl, 1.0-5.0g NaCl and 30-50ml H2O, keeping the solution at the temperature of 70-90 ℃ for 10-30min, and drying the solution at the temperature of 40-60 ℃ by using a drying box after the heat preservation is finished to obtain a copper alloy D;
and 3, putting the copper alloy D obtained in the step 2 into the molten lead-tin alloy A for hot dip coating treatment, cleaning impurities such as oxides on the surface of the plating solution by using a metal bar before the copper alloy D is put into the copper alloy D, taking out the sample for air cooling after the hot dip coating is finished, and obtaining a copper alloy lead-tin alloy plating layer, wherein the hot dip coating temperature is 200-350 ℃, and the hot dip coating time is 10-70 s.
Example 1
The invention provides a preparation method of a lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of a copper alloy bearing bush material, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing the following components in a mass ratio of 95: 5, weighing Sn blocks and Pb blocks with the purity of not less than 99.9 percent, putting the crucible filled with the weighed Sn blocks into a crucible type resistance furnace, setting the temperature of the resistance furnace to be 320 ℃, setting the heating rate to be 8 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 60 min; adding a Pb block after the Sn block is melted into liquid, and adding trace rare earth, so that the phenomenon of lead segregation in the lead-tin alloy can be effectively prevented, free lead simple substances can be uniformly distributed in the lead-tin alloy, continuously stirring the molten metal in the heat preservation process, taking out the crucible from a resistance furnace after the heat preservation is finished, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain a lead-tin alloy A;
step 2: surface pretreatment of copper alloy bearing bush material
Polishing the surface of a metal block of a copper alloy bearing bush material by using 500# -2000# waterproof abrasive paper to obtain a copper alloy B, then putting the polished copper alloy B into an alkaline washing solution for alkaline washing to remove organic pollutants such as oil stains on the surface of the copper alloy B, wherein the solutes of the alkaline washing solution are NaOH and Na2CO3、Na2SiO3The mass ratio of the components is 4:2:1, wherein H2O accounts for 65 percent of the total mass of the solution, the temperature of the solution is 85 ℃, and the alkali washing time is 60 min; after the alkali washing is finished, taking out the copper alloy B, washing the copper alloy B by using distilled water, finally putting the copper alloy B into a beaker, pouring alcohol into the beaker, putting the beaker into an ultrasonic cleaning instrument, and cleaning the beaker for 10min to obtain a copper alloy C; then, the copper alloy C after alkaline cleaning is subjected to plating assistant treatment, and the proportion of the plating assistant solution is 0.6mlHCl and 11gZnCl2、1.4gNH4Cl, 3gNaCl and 45mlH2O, keeping the solution at 85 ℃ for 10min, and drying the solution at 50 ℃ by using a drying box after the heat preservation is finished to obtain a copper alloy D;
and 3, putting the copper alloy D obtained in the step 2 into the molten lead-tin alloy A for hot dip coating treatment, cleaning impurities such as oxides on the surface of the coating solution by using a metal bar before the copper alloy D is put into the copper alloy D, wherein the hot dip coating temperature is 210 ℃, the hot dip coating time is 30s, and after the hot dip coating is finished, taking out the sample for air cooling to obtain a copper alloy lead-tin alloy coating, thus completing the preparation.
The microstructure of the lead-tin alloy plating layer prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention is shown in fig. 1, the hot dip plating temperature is 210 ℃, and the plating layer is shown to be a three-layer structure, namely a bright gray lead-tin alloy layer above a picture, a gray diffusion layer in the middle part and a dark gray copper alloy layer below the picture, and the diffusion layer is a typical zigzag diffusion layer which can ensure that the plating layer has good interface bonding strength; obtaining a critical load by using a WS-2005 automatic scratch instrument, wherein the applied load is 0-50N, the speed of the applied load is 50N/min, and the scratch length is 10 mm; measuring the thickness of the diffusion layer by using Nano Measurer software; the interface strength and the diffusion layer thickness of the lead-tin alloy plating layer prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention are tested and calculated by the method, and the critical load is 23.3N, and the diffusion layer thickness is 1.52 μm.
Example 2
The invention provides a preparation method of a lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of a copper alloy bearing bush material, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing the following components in a mass ratio of 95: 5, weighing Sn blocks and Pb blocks with the purity of not less than 99.9 percent, putting the crucible filled with the weighed Sn blocks into a crucible type resistance furnace, setting the temperature of the resistance furnace to be 320 ℃, setting the heating rate to be 8 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 60 min; adding a Pb block after the Sn block is melted into liquid, and adding trace rare earth, so that the phenomenon of lead segregation in the lead-tin alloy can be effectively prevented, free lead simple substances can be uniformly distributed in the lead-tin alloy, continuously stirring the molten metal in the heat preservation process, taking out the crucible from a resistance furnace after the heat preservation is finished, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain a lead-tin alloy A;
step 2: surface pretreatment of copper alloy bearing bush material
Polishing the surface of a metal block of a copper alloy bearing bush material by using 500# -2000# waterproof abrasive paper to obtain a copper alloy B, then putting the polished copper alloy B into an alkaline washing solution for alkaline washing to remove organic pollutants such as oil stains on the surface of the copper alloy B, wherein the solutes of the alkaline washing solution are NaOH and Na2CO3、Na2SiO3The mass ratio of the components is 4:2:1, wherein H2O accounts for 65 percent of the total mass of the solution, the temperature of the solution is 85 ℃, and the alkali washing time is 60 min; after the alkali washing is finished, taking out the copper alloy B, washing the copper alloy B by using distilled water, finally putting the copper alloy B into a beaker, pouring alcohol into the beaker, putting the beaker into an ultrasonic cleaning instrument, and cleaning the beaker for 10min to obtain a copper alloy C; then, the copper alloy C after alkaline cleaning is subjected to plating assistant treatment, and the proportion of the plating assistant solution is 0.6mlHCl and 11gZnCl2、1.4gNH4Cl, 3gNaCl and 45mlH2O, keeping the solution at 85 ℃ for 10min, and drying the solution at 50 ℃ by using a drying box after the heat preservation is finished to obtain a copper alloy D;
and 3, putting the copper alloy D obtained in the step 2 into the molten lead-tin alloy A for hot dip coating treatment, cleaning impurities such as oxides on the surface of the coating solution by using a metal bar before the copper alloy D is put into the copper alloy D, wherein the hot dip coating temperature is 250 ℃, the hot dip coating time is 30s, and after the hot dip coating is finished, taking out the sample for air cooling to obtain a copper alloy lead-tin alloy coating, thus completing the preparation.
The microstructure of the lead-tin alloy plating layer prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention is shown in fig. 2, the hot dip plating temperature is 250 ℃, and the plating layer is shown to be a three-layer structure, namely a bright gray lead-tin alloy layer above a picture, a gray diffusion layer in the middle part and a dark gray copper alloy layer below the picture, and the diffusion layer is a typical zigzag diffusion layer which can ensure that the plating layer has good interface bonding strength; obtaining a critical load by using a WS-2005 automatic scratch instrument, wherein the applied load is 0-50N, the speed of the applied load is 50N/min, and the scratch length is 10 mm; measuring the thickness of the diffusion layer by using Nano Measurer software; the interface strength and the diffusion layer thickness of the lead-tin alloy plating layer prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention are tested and calculated by the method, and the critical load is 23.5N, and the diffusion layer thickness is 2.03 mu m.
Example 3
The invention provides a preparation method of a lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of a copper alloy bearing bush material, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing the following components in a mass ratio of 95: 5, weighing Sn blocks and Pb blocks with the purity of not less than 99.9 percent, putting the crucible filled with the weighed Sn blocks into a crucible type resistance furnace, setting the temperature of the resistance furnace to be 320 ℃, setting the heating rate to be 8 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 60 min; adding a Pb block after the Sn block is melted into liquid, and adding trace rare earth, so that the phenomenon of lead segregation in the lead-tin alloy can be effectively prevented, free lead simple substances can be uniformly distributed in the lead-tin alloy, continuously stirring the molten metal in the heat preservation process, taking out the crucible from a resistance furnace after the heat preservation is finished, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain a lead-tin alloy A;
step 2: surface pretreatment of copper alloy bearing bush material
The 500# -2000# waterproof abrasive paper is used for processing the copper alloy bearing bushPolishing the surface of a metal block of the material to obtain a copper alloy B, then putting the polished copper alloy B into an alkaline washing solution for alkaline washing to remove organic pollutants such as oil stains on the surface of the copper alloy B, wherein the solute of the alkaline washing solution is NaOH and Na2CO3、Na2SiO3The mass ratio of the components is 4:2:1, wherein H2O accounts for 65 percent of the total mass of the solution, the temperature of the solution is 85 ℃, and the alkali washing time is 60 min; after the alkali washing is finished, taking out the copper alloy B, washing the copper alloy B by using distilled water, finally putting the copper alloy B into a beaker, pouring alcohol into the beaker, putting the beaker into an ultrasonic cleaning instrument, and cleaning the beaker for 10min to obtain a copper alloy C; then, the copper alloy C after alkaline cleaning is subjected to plating assistant treatment, and the proportion of the plating assistant solution is 0.6mlHCl and 11gZnCl2、1.4gNH4Cl, 3gNaCl and 45mlH2O, keeping the solution at 85 ℃ for 10min, and drying the solution at 50 ℃ by using a drying box after the heat preservation is finished to obtain a copper alloy D;
and 3, putting the copper alloy D obtained in the step 2 into the molten lead-tin alloy A for hot dip coating treatment, cleaning impurities such as oxides on the surface of the coating solution by using a metal bar before the copper alloy D is put into the copper alloy D, wherein the hot dip coating temperature is 290 ℃, the hot dip coating time is 30s, and after the hot dip coating is finished, taking out the sample for air cooling to obtain a copper alloy lead-tin alloy coating, thus completing the preparation.
The microstructure of the lead-tin alloy plating layer prepared in the embodiment 3 of the invention is shown in fig. 3, the hot dip plating temperature is 290 ℃, the plating layer is shown to be a three-layer structure, which is a bright gray lead-tin alloy layer above the picture, a gray diffusion layer in the middle part and a dark gray copper alloy layer below the picture, and the diffusion layer is a typical zigzag diffusion layer which can ensure that the plating layer has good interface bonding strength; obtaining a critical load by using a WS-2005 automatic scratch instrument, wherein the applied load is 0-50N, the speed of the applied load is 50N/min, and the scratch length is 10 mm; measuring the thickness of the diffusion layer by using Nano Measurer software; the interface strength and the diffusion layer thickness of the lead-tin alloy plating layer prepared in the embodiment 3 of the invention are tested and calculated by the method, and the critical load is 21.1N, and the diffusion layer thickness is 2.45 μm.
Example 4
The invention provides a preparation method of a lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of a copper alloy bearing bush material, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing the following components in a mass ratio of 95: 5, weighing Sn blocks and Pb blocks with the purity of not less than 99.9 percent, putting the crucible filled with the weighed Sn blocks into a crucible type resistance furnace, setting the temperature of the resistance furnace to be 320 ℃, setting the heating rate to be 8 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 60 min; adding a Pb block after the Sn block is melted into liquid, and adding trace rare earth, so that the phenomenon of lead segregation in the lead-tin alloy can be effectively prevented, free lead simple substances can be uniformly distributed in the lead-tin alloy, continuously stirring the molten metal in the heat preservation process, taking out the crucible from a resistance furnace after the heat preservation is finished, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain a lead-tin alloy A;
step 2: surface pretreatment of copper alloy bearing bush material
Polishing the surface of a metal block of a copper alloy bearing bush material by using 500# -2000# waterproof abrasive paper to obtain a copper alloy B, then putting the polished copper alloy B into an alkaline washing solution for alkaline washing to remove organic pollutants such as oil stains on the surface of the copper alloy B, wherein the solutes of the alkaline washing solution are NaOH and Na2CO3、Na2SiO3The mass ratio of the components is 4:2:1, wherein H2O accounts for 65 percent of the total mass of the solution, the temperature of the solution is 85 ℃, and the alkali washing time is 60 min; after the alkali washing is finished, taking out the copper alloy B, washing the copper alloy B by using distilled water, finally putting the copper alloy B into a beaker, pouring alcohol into the beaker, putting the beaker into an ultrasonic cleaning instrument, and cleaning the beaker for 10min to obtain a copper alloy C; then, the copper alloy C after alkaline cleaning is subjected to plating assistant treatment, and the proportion of the plating assistant solution is 0.6mlHCl and 11gZnCl2、1.4gNH4Cl, 3gNaCl and 45mlH2O, keeping the solution at 85 ℃ for 10min, and drying the solution at 50 ℃ by using a drying box after the heat preservation is finished to obtain a copper alloy D;
and 3, putting the copper alloy D obtained in the step 2 into the molten lead-tin alloy A for hot dip coating, cleaning impurities such as oxides on the surface of the coating solution by using a metal bar before the copper alloy D is put into the copper alloy D, taking out the sample for air cooling after the hot dip coating is finished, and obtaining a copper alloy lead-tin alloy coating, wherein the hot dip coating temperature is 330 ℃ and the hot dip coating time is 30 s.
The microstructure of the lead-tin alloy plating layer prepared in the embodiment 4 of the invention is shown in fig. 4, the hot dip plating temperature is 330 ℃, and the plating layer is shown to be a three-layer structure, namely a bright gray lead-tin alloy layer above the picture, a gray diffusion layer in the middle part and a dark gray copper alloy layer below the picture, and the diffusion layer is a typical zigzag diffusion layer which can ensure that the plating layer has good interface bonding strength; obtaining a critical load by using a WS-2005 automatic scratch instrument, wherein the applied load is 0-50N, the speed of the applied load is 50N/min, and the scratch length is 10 mm; measuring the thickness of the diffusion layer by using Nano Measurer software; the interface strength and the diffusion layer thickness of the lead-tin alloy plating layer prepared in the embodiment 4 of the invention are tested and calculated by the method, and the critical load is 22.3N, and the diffusion layer thickness is 2.62 μm.

Claims (8)

1.一种铜合金轴瓦材料表面铅锡合金镀层的制备方法，其特征在于，具体按照以下步骤实施：1. a preparation method of copper alloy bearing material surface lead-tin alloy coating, is characterized in that, specifically implements according to the following steps: 步骤1、称取锡块和铅块，加热融化得到锡铅合金A；Step 1. Weigh tin block and lead block, heat and melt to obtain tin-lead alloy A; 步骤2、对铜合金轴瓦材料表面进行预处理；Step 2, pretreating the surface of the copper alloy bearing material; 步骤3、将经过步骤2预处理的铜合金轴瓦材料置于熔融态的锡铅合金A中进行热浸镀，冷却后得到铜合金轴瓦材料表面铅锡合金镀层。Step 3, placing the copper alloy bearing material pretreated in step 2 in molten tin-lead alloy A for hot dip plating, and cooling to obtain a lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of the copper alloy bearing material. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种铜合金轴瓦材料表面铅锡合金镀层的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1中加热熔融锡块和铅块时加入稀土。2 . The method for preparing a lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of a copper alloy bearing material according to claim 1 , wherein in the step 1, rare earth is added when the tin block and the lead block are heated and melted. 3 . 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种铜合金轴瓦材料表面铅锡合金镀层的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1中融化温度为320-350℃，升温速率6-10℃/min，融化时间50-80min。3. the preparation method of a kind of copper alloy bearing material surface lead-tin alloy coating according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 1, melting temperature is 320-350 ℃, and heating rate is 6-10 ℃/min, Melting time 50-80min. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种铜合金轴瓦材料表面铅锡合金镀层的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2具体按照以下步骤实施：4. the preparation method of a kind of copper alloy bearing material surface lead-tin alloy coating according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 2 is specifically implemented according to the following steps: 步骤2.1、用砂纸打磨铜合金轴瓦材料表面直至光滑，得到铜合金B；Step 2.1. Use sandpaper to polish the surface of the copper alloy bearing material until it is smooth to obtain copper alloy B; 步骤2.2、将步骤2.1中得到的铜合金B放入配置好的碱溶液进行去油污处理，随后放入超声波清洗仪清洗10-20min，得到铜合金C；Step 2.2, put the copper alloy B obtained in step 2.1 into the prepared alkaline solution for degreasing treatment, and then put it into an ultrasonic cleaner for cleaning for 10-20min to obtain copper alloy C; 步骤2.3、将步骤2.2得到的铜合金C放入配置好的助镀液中进行助镀处理，然后使用烘干箱在40-60℃的温度下进行烘干处理，得到铜合金D。Step 2.3: Put the copper alloy C obtained in step 2.2 into the prepared flux plating solution for flux plating treatment, and then use a drying oven for drying treatment at a temperature of 40-60° C. to obtain copper alloy D. 5.根据权利要求4所述的一种铜合金轴瓦材料表面铅锡合金镀层的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2.1中使用500#-2000#的水砂纸进行打磨。5 . The method for preparing a lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of a copper alloy bearing material according to claim 4 , wherein in the step 2.1, 500#-2000# water sandpaper is used for polishing. 6 . 6.根据权利要求4所述的一种铜合金轴瓦材料表面铅锡合金镀层的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2.2中碱洗溶液的溶质包括质量比为3-5:1-3:1的NaOH、Na2CO3和Na2SiO3，其中H2O占溶液总质量的60-80％，碱洗溶液温度为70-90℃，碱洗时间为30-60min。6. the preparation method of a kind of copper alloy bearing material surface lead-tin alloy coating according to claim 4, is characterized in that, in described step 2.2, the solute of alkali cleaning solution comprises mass ratio and is 3-5:1-3: 1 of NaOH, Na 2 CO 3 and Na 2 SiO 3 , wherein H 2 O accounts for 60-80% of the total mass of the solution, the temperature of the alkaline washing solution is 70-90° C., and the alkaline washing time is 30-60 min. 7.根据权利要求4所述的一种铜合金轴瓦材料表面铅锡合金镀层的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2.3中助镀液的配比为0.5-1.0mlHCl、5-15gZnCl2、1.0-2.0gNH4Cl、1.0-5.0gNaCl和30-50mlH2O，助镀液温度为70-90℃，保温时间为10-30min。7. the preparation method of a kind of copper alloy bearing material surface lead-tin alloy coating according to claim 4, is characterized in that, in described step 2.3, the proportioning of auxiliary plating solution is 0.5-1.0mlHCl, 5-15gZnCl 2 , 1.0-2.0g NH 4 Cl, 1.0-5.0g NaCl and 30-50ml H 2 O, the temperature of the plating solution is 70-90°C, and the holding time is 10-30min. 8.根据权利要求1所述的一种铜合金轴瓦材料表面铅锡合金镀层的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤3中热浸镀温度为200-350℃，热时间为10-70s。8 . The method for preparing a lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of a copper alloy bearing material according to claim 1 , wherein in the step 3, the hot dip plating temperature is 200-350° C., and the heating time is 10-70 s. 9 .
CN202110793849.9A 2021-07-14 2021-07-14 Preparation method of lead-tin alloy coating on surface of copper alloy bearing bush material Pending CN113621909A (en)

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