CN113621909A - Preparation method of lead-tin alloy coating on surface of copper alloy bearing bush material - Google Patents
Preparation method of lead-tin alloy coating on surface of copper alloy bearing bush material Download PDFInfo
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- CN113621909A CN113621909A CN202110793849.9A CN202110793849A CN113621909A CN 113621909 A CN113621909 A CN 113621909A CN 202110793849 A CN202110793849 A CN 202110793849A CN 113621909 A CN113621909 A CN 113621909A
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- tin
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- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 130
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- LQBJWKCYZGMFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead tin Chemical compound [Sn].[Pb] LQBJWKCYZGMFEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910001174 tin-lead alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910020220 Pb—Sn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000137852 Petrea volubilis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011257 shell material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 60
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004506 ultrasonic cleaning Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000054817 Lycaena dione Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001996 bearing alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/08—Tin or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C13/00—Alloys based on tin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of a copper alloy bearing bush material, which is implemented according to the following steps: step 1, weighing a tin block and a lead block, and heating and melting to obtain a tin-lead alloy A; step 2, pretreating the surface of the copper alloy bearing bush material; and 3, placing the copper alloy bearing bush material pretreated in the step 2 into molten tin-lead alloy A for hot dip coating, and cooling to obtain a lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of the copper alloy bearing bush material. The method for hot-dip plating a lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of the existing copper alloy bearing bush material reduces the abrasion of the alloy layer of the bearing bush material to a great extent, and can greatly improve the service life of the existing copper alloy bearing bush, thereby achieving the purpose of saving cost and generating great economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal alloy materials, and relates to a preparation method of a lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of a copper alloy bearing bush material.
Background
The bearing bush alloy material is a compromise product of mechanical, physical and chemical properties of a metal material and bearing characteristics of the material, so that the best bearing bush alloy material is not available, and only the better bearing bush alloy material is available under certain use conditions. The bearing bush is composed of three parts, namely a steel backing, an antifriction alloy layer and a soft coating layer, and a very thin oil film is required to play a role in lubrication between the bearing bush and the rotating shaft when the sliding bearing works. If lubrication is poor, direct friction exists between the bearing bush and the rotating shaft, high temperature can be generated due to friction, although the bearing bush is made of special high-temperature-resistant alloy materials, the high temperature generated due to direct friction is still enough to burn the bearing bush, the bearing bush can be burnt due to the factors of overlarge load, overhigh temperature, impurities in lubricating oil or abnormal viscosity and the like, and the sliding bearing is damaged after the bearing bush is burnt.
High-speed bearing bushes of large-scale machines such as steam turbines and the like in heavy power machinery at present; bearings and bearing bushes such as compressors; bearings, bearing bushes, etc. of rolling mills; the grinding machine support sliding block is basically made of copper-based bearing alloy, namely, copper is used as a base body, alloy elements such as lead and tin are added, and a bearing material which has a hard phase as a support of a bearing bush material and a soft phase for lubricating in the working process of the bearing is prepared.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of a copper alloy bearing bush material, which solves the problems of low service life and high cost of the existing copper alloy bearing bush material in the prior art.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the preparation method of the lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of the copper alloy bearing bush material is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, weighing a tin block and a lead block, and heating and melting to obtain a tin-lead alloy A;
step 2, pretreating the surface of the copper alloy bearing bush material;
and 3, placing the copper alloy bearing bush material pretreated in the step 2 into molten tin-lead alloy A for hot dip coating, and cooling to obtain a lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of the copper alloy bearing bush material.
The invention is also characterized in that:
and (3) adding rare earth when heating and melting the tin block and the lead block in the step 1.
In the step 1, the melting temperature is 320-350 ℃, the heating rate is 6-10 ℃/min, and the melting time is 50-80 min.
The step 2 is implemented according to the following steps:
2.1, polishing the surface of the copper alloy bearing bush material by using sand paper until the surface is smooth to obtain a copper alloy B;
2.2, putting the copper alloy B obtained in the step 2.1 into a prepared alkali solution for degreasing treatment, and then putting the copper alloy B into an ultrasonic cleaner for cleaning for 10-20min to obtain a copper alloy C;
and 2.3, putting the copper alloy C obtained in the step 2.2 into a prepared plating assistant solution for plating assistant treatment, and then drying the copper alloy C at the temperature of 40-60 ℃ by using a drying box to obtain a copper alloy D.
And 2.1, grinding by using 500# -2000# waterproof abrasive paper.
The solute of the alkaline washing solution in the step 2.2 comprises NaOH and Na with the mass ratio of 3-5:1-3:12CO3And Na2SiO3In which H is2O accounts for 60-80% of the total mass of the solution, the temperature of the alkali washing solution is 70-90 ℃, and the alkali washing time is 30-60 min.
The proportion of the plating assistant solution in the step 2.3 is 0.5-1.0mlHCl and 5-15gZnCl2、1.0-2.0gNH4Cl, 1.0-5.0g NaCl and 30-50ml H2O, the temperature of the plating assistant solution is 70-90 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-30 min.
The hot dip plating temperature in the step 3 is 200-350 ℃, and the hot time is 10-70 s.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the preparation method, the surface of the copper alloy bearing bush material is hot-dipped with the lead-tin alloy coating, the coating and the copper alloy matrix have good interface bonding strength, the interface critical load of the obtained lead-tin alloy coating and the matrix can reach 20-30N, the critical load is quite stable, and the thickness of a diffusion layer is proper; the method for hot-dip plating a lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of the existing copper alloy bearing bush material reduces the abrasion of the alloy layer of the bearing bush material to a great extent, and can greatly improve the service life of the existing copper alloy bearing bush, thereby achieving the purpose of saving cost and generating great economic benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a 5000-fold microstructure of a lead-tin alloy plating layer obtained in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a 5000-fold microstructure of a Pb-Sn alloy plating layer obtained in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a 5000-fold microstructure of a Pb-Sn alloy plating layer obtained in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a 5000-fold microstructure of a lead-tin alloy plating layer obtained in example 4 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention relates to a preparation method of a lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of a copper alloy bearing bush material, which is implemented according to the following steps:
step 1, according to the mass ratio of 80-95: weighing Sn blocks and Pb blocks with the purity of not less than 99.9 percent in a proportion of 5-20, putting the crucible filled with the weighed Sn blocks into a crucible type resistance furnace, setting the temperature of the resistance furnace to be 320-350 ℃, setting the heating rate to be 6-10 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 50-80 min; adding a Pb block after the Sn block is melted into liquid, and adding a trace amount of rare earth, so that the phenomenon of lead segregation in the lead-tin alloy can be effectively prevented, free lead simple substances can be uniformly distributed in the lead-tin alloy, continuously stirring the molten metal in the heat preservation process, taking out the crucible from a resistance furnace after the heat preservation is finished, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain a lead-tin alloy A;
step 2: surface pretreatment of copper alloy bearing bush material
Polishing the surface of the metal block of the copper alloy bearing bush material by using 500# -2000# waterproof abrasive paper to obtain copper alloy B, and then polishing the smooth surfaceThe copper alloy B is placed into alkaline washing solution for alkaline washing to remove organic pollutants such as oil stains on the surface of the copper alloy B, and the solute of the alkaline washing solution is NaOH and Na2CO3、Na2SiO3The mass ratio of the components is 3-5:1-3:1, wherein H2O accounts for 60-80% of the total mass of the solution, the temperature of the solution is 70-90 ℃, and the alkali washing time is 30-60 min; after the alkali washing is finished, taking out the copper alloy B, washing the copper alloy B by using distilled water, finally putting the copper alloy B into a beaker, pouring alcohol into the beaker, and putting the beaker into an ultrasonic cleaning instrument for cleaning for 10-20min to obtain a copper alloy C; then, the copper alloy C after alkali washing is carried out with plating assistant treatment, and the proportion of the plating assistant solution is 0.5-1.0ml HCl and 5-15g ZnCl2、1.0-2.0gNH4Cl, 1.0-5.0g NaCl and 30-50ml H2O, keeping the solution at the temperature of 70-90 ℃ for 10-30min, and drying the solution at the temperature of 40-60 ℃ by using a drying box after the heat preservation is finished to obtain a copper alloy D;
and 3, putting the copper alloy D obtained in the step 2 into the molten lead-tin alloy A for hot dip coating treatment, cleaning impurities such as oxides on the surface of the plating solution by using a metal bar before the copper alloy D is put into the copper alloy D, taking out the sample for air cooling after the hot dip coating is finished, and obtaining a copper alloy lead-tin alloy plating layer, wherein the hot dip coating temperature is 200-350 ℃, and the hot dip coating time is 10-70 s.
Example 1
The invention provides a preparation method of a lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of a copper alloy bearing bush material, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing the following components in a mass ratio of 95: 5, weighing Sn blocks and Pb blocks with the purity of not less than 99.9 percent, putting the crucible filled with the weighed Sn blocks into a crucible type resistance furnace, setting the temperature of the resistance furnace to be 320 ℃, setting the heating rate to be 8 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 60 min; adding a Pb block after the Sn block is melted into liquid, and adding trace rare earth, so that the phenomenon of lead segregation in the lead-tin alloy can be effectively prevented, free lead simple substances can be uniformly distributed in the lead-tin alloy, continuously stirring the molten metal in the heat preservation process, taking out the crucible from a resistance furnace after the heat preservation is finished, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain a lead-tin alloy A;
step 2: surface pretreatment of copper alloy bearing bush material
Polishing the surface of a metal block of a copper alloy bearing bush material by using 500# -2000# waterproof abrasive paper to obtain a copper alloy B, then putting the polished copper alloy B into an alkaline washing solution for alkaline washing to remove organic pollutants such as oil stains on the surface of the copper alloy B, wherein the solutes of the alkaline washing solution are NaOH and Na2CO3、Na2SiO3The mass ratio of the components is 4:2:1, wherein H2O accounts for 65 percent of the total mass of the solution, the temperature of the solution is 85 ℃, and the alkali washing time is 60 min; after the alkali washing is finished, taking out the copper alloy B, washing the copper alloy B by using distilled water, finally putting the copper alloy B into a beaker, pouring alcohol into the beaker, putting the beaker into an ultrasonic cleaning instrument, and cleaning the beaker for 10min to obtain a copper alloy C; then, the copper alloy C after alkaline cleaning is subjected to plating assistant treatment, and the proportion of the plating assistant solution is 0.6mlHCl and 11gZnCl2、1.4gNH4Cl, 3gNaCl and 45mlH2O, keeping the solution at 85 ℃ for 10min, and drying the solution at 50 ℃ by using a drying box after the heat preservation is finished to obtain a copper alloy D;
and 3, putting the copper alloy D obtained in the step 2 into the molten lead-tin alloy A for hot dip coating treatment, cleaning impurities such as oxides on the surface of the coating solution by using a metal bar before the copper alloy D is put into the copper alloy D, wherein the hot dip coating temperature is 210 ℃, the hot dip coating time is 30s, and after the hot dip coating is finished, taking out the sample for air cooling to obtain a copper alloy lead-tin alloy coating, thus completing the preparation.
The microstructure of the lead-tin alloy plating layer prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention is shown in fig. 1, the hot dip plating temperature is 210 ℃, and the plating layer is shown to be a three-layer structure, namely a bright gray lead-tin alloy layer above a picture, a gray diffusion layer in the middle part and a dark gray copper alloy layer below the picture, and the diffusion layer is a typical zigzag diffusion layer which can ensure that the plating layer has good interface bonding strength; obtaining a critical load by using a WS-2005 automatic scratch instrument, wherein the applied load is 0-50N, the speed of the applied load is 50N/min, and the scratch length is 10 mm; measuring the thickness of the diffusion layer by using Nano Measurer software; the interface strength and the diffusion layer thickness of the lead-tin alloy plating layer prepared in the embodiment 1 of the invention are tested and calculated by the method, and the critical load is 23.3N, and the diffusion layer thickness is 1.52 μm.
Example 2
The invention provides a preparation method of a lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of a copper alloy bearing bush material, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing the following components in a mass ratio of 95: 5, weighing Sn blocks and Pb blocks with the purity of not less than 99.9 percent, putting the crucible filled with the weighed Sn blocks into a crucible type resistance furnace, setting the temperature of the resistance furnace to be 320 ℃, setting the heating rate to be 8 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 60 min; adding a Pb block after the Sn block is melted into liquid, and adding trace rare earth, so that the phenomenon of lead segregation in the lead-tin alloy can be effectively prevented, free lead simple substances can be uniformly distributed in the lead-tin alloy, continuously stirring the molten metal in the heat preservation process, taking out the crucible from a resistance furnace after the heat preservation is finished, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain a lead-tin alloy A;
step 2: surface pretreatment of copper alloy bearing bush material
Polishing the surface of a metal block of a copper alloy bearing bush material by using 500# -2000# waterproof abrasive paper to obtain a copper alloy B, then putting the polished copper alloy B into an alkaline washing solution for alkaline washing to remove organic pollutants such as oil stains on the surface of the copper alloy B, wherein the solutes of the alkaline washing solution are NaOH and Na2CO3、Na2SiO3The mass ratio of the components is 4:2:1, wherein H2O accounts for 65 percent of the total mass of the solution, the temperature of the solution is 85 ℃, and the alkali washing time is 60 min; after the alkali washing is finished, taking out the copper alloy B, washing the copper alloy B by using distilled water, finally putting the copper alloy B into a beaker, pouring alcohol into the beaker, putting the beaker into an ultrasonic cleaning instrument, and cleaning the beaker for 10min to obtain a copper alloy C; then, the copper alloy C after alkaline cleaning is subjected to plating assistant treatment, and the proportion of the plating assistant solution is 0.6mlHCl and 11gZnCl2、1.4gNH4Cl, 3gNaCl and 45mlH2O, keeping the solution at 85 ℃ for 10min, and drying the solution at 50 ℃ by using a drying box after the heat preservation is finished to obtain a copper alloy D;
and 3, putting the copper alloy D obtained in the step 2 into the molten lead-tin alloy A for hot dip coating treatment, cleaning impurities such as oxides on the surface of the coating solution by using a metal bar before the copper alloy D is put into the copper alloy D, wherein the hot dip coating temperature is 250 ℃, the hot dip coating time is 30s, and after the hot dip coating is finished, taking out the sample for air cooling to obtain a copper alloy lead-tin alloy coating, thus completing the preparation.
The microstructure of the lead-tin alloy plating layer prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention is shown in fig. 2, the hot dip plating temperature is 250 ℃, and the plating layer is shown to be a three-layer structure, namely a bright gray lead-tin alloy layer above a picture, a gray diffusion layer in the middle part and a dark gray copper alloy layer below the picture, and the diffusion layer is a typical zigzag diffusion layer which can ensure that the plating layer has good interface bonding strength; obtaining a critical load by using a WS-2005 automatic scratch instrument, wherein the applied load is 0-50N, the speed of the applied load is 50N/min, and the scratch length is 10 mm; measuring the thickness of the diffusion layer by using Nano Measurer software; the interface strength and the diffusion layer thickness of the lead-tin alloy plating layer prepared in the embodiment 2 of the invention are tested and calculated by the method, and the critical load is 23.5N, and the diffusion layer thickness is 2.03 mu m.
Example 3
The invention provides a preparation method of a lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of a copper alloy bearing bush material, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing the following components in a mass ratio of 95: 5, weighing Sn blocks and Pb blocks with the purity of not less than 99.9 percent, putting the crucible filled with the weighed Sn blocks into a crucible type resistance furnace, setting the temperature of the resistance furnace to be 320 ℃, setting the heating rate to be 8 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 60 min; adding a Pb block after the Sn block is melted into liquid, and adding trace rare earth, so that the phenomenon of lead segregation in the lead-tin alloy can be effectively prevented, free lead simple substances can be uniformly distributed in the lead-tin alloy, continuously stirring the molten metal in the heat preservation process, taking out the crucible from a resistance furnace after the heat preservation is finished, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain a lead-tin alloy A;
step 2: surface pretreatment of copper alloy bearing bush material
The 500# -2000# waterproof abrasive paper is used for processing the copper alloy bearing bushPolishing the surface of a metal block of the material to obtain a copper alloy B, then putting the polished copper alloy B into an alkaline washing solution for alkaline washing to remove organic pollutants such as oil stains on the surface of the copper alloy B, wherein the solute of the alkaline washing solution is NaOH and Na2CO3、Na2SiO3The mass ratio of the components is 4:2:1, wherein H2O accounts for 65 percent of the total mass of the solution, the temperature of the solution is 85 ℃, and the alkali washing time is 60 min; after the alkali washing is finished, taking out the copper alloy B, washing the copper alloy B by using distilled water, finally putting the copper alloy B into a beaker, pouring alcohol into the beaker, putting the beaker into an ultrasonic cleaning instrument, and cleaning the beaker for 10min to obtain a copper alloy C; then, the copper alloy C after alkaline cleaning is subjected to plating assistant treatment, and the proportion of the plating assistant solution is 0.6mlHCl and 11gZnCl2、1.4gNH4Cl, 3gNaCl and 45mlH2O, keeping the solution at 85 ℃ for 10min, and drying the solution at 50 ℃ by using a drying box after the heat preservation is finished to obtain a copper alloy D;
and 3, putting the copper alloy D obtained in the step 2 into the molten lead-tin alloy A for hot dip coating treatment, cleaning impurities such as oxides on the surface of the coating solution by using a metal bar before the copper alloy D is put into the copper alloy D, wherein the hot dip coating temperature is 290 ℃, the hot dip coating time is 30s, and after the hot dip coating is finished, taking out the sample for air cooling to obtain a copper alloy lead-tin alloy coating, thus completing the preparation.
The microstructure of the lead-tin alloy plating layer prepared in the embodiment 3 of the invention is shown in fig. 3, the hot dip plating temperature is 290 ℃, the plating layer is shown to be a three-layer structure, which is a bright gray lead-tin alloy layer above the picture, a gray diffusion layer in the middle part and a dark gray copper alloy layer below the picture, and the diffusion layer is a typical zigzag diffusion layer which can ensure that the plating layer has good interface bonding strength; obtaining a critical load by using a WS-2005 automatic scratch instrument, wherein the applied load is 0-50N, the speed of the applied load is 50N/min, and the scratch length is 10 mm; measuring the thickness of the diffusion layer by using Nano Measurer software; the interface strength and the diffusion layer thickness of the lead-tin alloy plating layer prepared in the embodiment 3 of the invention are tested and calculated by the method, and the critical load is 21.1N, and the diffusion layer thickness is 2.45 μm.
Example 4
The invention provides a preparation method of a lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of a copper alloy bearing bush material, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing the following components in a mass ratio of 95: 5, weighing Sn blocks and Pb blocks with the purity of not less than 99.9 percent, putting the crucible filled with the weighed Sn blocks into a crucible type resistance furnace, setting the temperature of the resistance furnace to be 320 ℃, setting the heating rate to be 8 ℃/min, and keeping the temperature for 60 min; adding a Pb block after the Sn block is melted into liquid, and adding trace rare earth, so that the phenomenon of lead segregation in the lead-tin alloy can be effectively prevented, free lead simple substances can be uniformly distributed in the lead-tin alloy, continuously stirring the molten metal in the heat preservation process, taking out the crucible from a resistance furnace after the heat preservation is finished, and carrying out air cooling to room temperature to obtain a lead-tin alloy A;
step 2: surface pretreatment of copper alloy bearing bush material
Polishing the surface of a metal block of a copper alloy bearing bush material by using 500# -2000# waterproof abrasive paper to obtain a copper alloy B, then putting the polished copper alloy B into an alkaline washing solution for alkaline washing to remove organic pollutants such as oil stains on the surface of the copper alloy B, wherein the solutes of the alkaline washing solution are NaOH and Na2CO3、Na2SiO3The mass ratio of the components is 4:2:1, wherein H2O accounts for 65 percent of the total mass of the solution, the temperature of the solution is 85 ℃, and the alkali washing time is 60 min; after the alkali washing is finished, taking out the copper alloy B, washing the copper alloy B by using distilled water, finally putting the copper alloy B into a beaker, pouring alcohol into the beaker, putting the beaker into an ultrasonic cleaning instrument, and cleaning the beaker for 10min to obtain a copper alloy C; then, the copper alloy C after alkaline cleaning is subjected to plating assistant treatment, and the proportion of the plating assistant solution is 0.6mlHCl and 11gZnCl2、1.4gNH4Cl, 3gNaCl and 45mlH2O, keeping the solution at 85 ℃ for 10min, and drying the solution at 50 ℃ by using a drying box after the heat preservation is finished to obtain a copper alloy D;
and 3, putting the copper alloy D obtained in the step 2 into the molten lead-tin alloy A for hot dip coating, cleaning impurities such as oxides on the surface of the coating solution by using a metal bar before the copper alloy D is put into the copper alloy D, taking out the sample for air cooling after the hot dip coating is finished, and obtaining a copper alloy lead-tin alloy coating, wherein the hot dip coating temperature is 330 ℃ and the hot dip coating time is 30 s.
The microstructure of the lead-tin alloy plating layer prepared in the embodiment 4 of the invention is shown in fig. 4, the hot dip plating temperature is 330 ℃, and the plating layer is shown to be a three-layer structure, namely a bright gray lead-tin alloy layer above the picture, a gray diffusion layer in the middle part and a dark gray copper alloy layer below the picture, and the diffusion layer is a typical zigzag diffusion layer which can ensure that the plating layer has good interface bonding strength; obtaining a critical load by using a WS-2005 automatic scratch instrument, wherein the applied load is 0-50N, the speed of the applied load is 50N/min, and the scratch length is 10 mm; measuring the thickness of the diffusion layer by using Nano Measurer software; the interface strength and the diffusion layer thickness of the lead-tin alloy plating layer prepared in the embodiment 4 of the invention are tested and calculated by the method, and the critical load is 22.3N, and the diffusion layer thickness is 2.62 μm.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of a lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of a copper alloy bearing bush material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, weighing a tin block and a lead block, and heating and melting to obtain a tin-lead alloy A;
step 2, pretreating the surface of the copper alloy bearing bush material;
and 3, placing the copper alloy bearing bush material pretreated in the step 2 into molten tin-lead alloy A for hot dip coating, and cooling to obtain a lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of the copper alloy bearing bush material.
2. The method for preparing the lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of the copper alloy bearing bush material according to claim 1, wherein rare earth is added when the tin blocks and the lead blocks are heated and melted in the step 1.
3. The method for preparing the lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of the copper alloy bearing bush material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the melting temperature in the step 1 is 320-350 ℃, the heating rate is 6-10 ℃/min, and the melting time is 50-80 min.
4. The preparation method of the lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of the copper alloy bearing shell material according to claim 1, wherein the step 2 is specifically implemented according to the following steps:
2.1, polishing the surface of the copper alloy bearing bush material by using sand paper until the surface is smooth to obtain a copper alloy B;
2.2, putting the copper alloy B obtained in the step 2.1 into a prepared alkali solution for degreasing treatment, and then putting the copper alloy B into an ultrasonic cleaner for cleaning for 10-20min to obtain a copper alloy C;
and 2.3, putting the copper alloy C obtained in the step 2.2 into a prepared plating assistant solution for plating assistant treatment, and then drying the copper alloy C at the temperature of 40-60 ℃ by using a drying box to obtain a copper alloy D.
5. The method for preparing the lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of the copper alloy bearing shell material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the step 2.1 is performed by grinding with 500# -2000# waterproof abrasive paper.
6. The method for preparing the lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of the copper alloy bearing bush material according to claim 4, wherein the solute of the alkaline washing solution in the step 2.2 comprises NaOH and Na in a mass ratio of 3-5:1-3:12CO3And Na2SiO3In which H is2O accounts for 60-80% of the total mass of the solution, the temperature of the alkali washing solution is 70-90 ℃, and the alkali washing time is 30-60 min.
7. The method for preparing the Pb-Sn alloy coating on the surface of the copper alloy bearing bush material as claimed in claim 4, wherein the proportion of the plating assistant solution in the step 2.3 is 0.5-1.0ml HCl and 5-15g ZnCl2、1.0-2.0gNH4Cl, 1.0-5.0g NaCl and 30-50ml H2O, the temperature of the plating assistant solution is 70-90 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 10-30 min.
8. The method for preparing the lead-tin alloy coating on the surface of the copper alloy bearing bush material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the hot dip plating temperature in the step 3 is 200-350 ℃, and the hot time is 10-70 s.
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