CN107321963A - A kind of casting method of copper base-steel bi-metal - Google Patents

A kind of casting method of copper base-steel bi-metal Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107321963A
CN107321963A CN201710733305.7A CN201710733305A CN107321963A CN 107321963 A CN107321963 A CN 107321963A CN 201710733305 A CN201710733305 A CN 201710733305A CN 107321963 A CN107321963 A CN 107321963A
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Prior art keywords
copper
steel
metal
alloy
casting
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CN201710733305.7A
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Chinese (zh)
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王明杰
徐宏
夏建强
常峰
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Anhui Hengli Additive Manufacturing Technology Co Ltd
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Anhui Hengli Additive Manufacturing Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201710733305.7A priority Critical patent/CN107321963A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/0081—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product pretreatment of the insert, e.g. for enhancing the bonding between insert and surrounding cast metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/16—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making compound objects cast of two or more different metals, e.g. for making rolls for rolling mills
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
    • C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/08—Alloys based on copper with lead as the next major constituent

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of casting method of copper base-steel bi-metal, belongs to compound casting technical field, including：Steel matrix pre-treatment, the smelting technology of Allen's metal, casting.Using the casting method of the present invention, steel matrix is preheated anti-oxidation；Faying face is complete, rare oxidation.The bimetallic junction alloying part that bond strength is not less than 100 μm higher than 134MPa, atoms permeating layer is obtained, it is ensured that two kinds of metal interface bond strengths.

Description

A kind of casting method of copper base-steel bi-metal
Technical field
The invention belongs to compound casting technical field, and in particular to a kind of casting method of copper base-steel bi-metal.
Background technology
Plunger pump is to use a kind of extremely wide gearing in producing, and is an important device of hydraulic system.It Moved back and forth by plunger in cylinder body, make the volume of seal operation cavity volume change to realize oil suction, force feed.Plunger pump has Have the advantages that rated pressure height, compact conformation, efficiency high and Flow-rate adjustment are convenient, be widely used in high pressure, big flow and stream Amount is needed in the occasion adjusted, such as hydraulic press, engineering machinery and Transport Machinery.Plunger constitutes friction at work with rotor Pair, its quality determines performance and the life-span of plunger pump.Production requirement plunger pump is intended to high speed, high temperature, top load, varying load work Condition is run, and this requires pump housing critical component --- rotor, with the excellent attribute of each side：Wearability, thermal conductivity, shock resistance Fatigue behaviour and intensity hardness etc..
The antifriction alloy used both at home and abroad at present is mainly two major classes：One class is that Dispersed precipitate hard particles are closed in soft body Gold, such as：Lead base, the kamash alloy of babbitt metal system, the material melting point are low, and matter is soft, is only used for low load；Another kind of is hard Distribution soft grit alloy in matter matrix, such as：Allen's metal alloy.Copper has good ductility, heat resistance, thermal conductivity, can be full Use of the foot member under high temperature, high-speed working condition；The solid solubility of lead and copper is minimum, is distributed in the alloy with simple substance particle dispersion, The continuity of copper body is changed, the wearability of copper in itself is improved；Fusing point of lead particle itself is low, matter is soft, good in lubricating condition Embedding Tibetan greasy dirt can be played in the case of good, plunger effect is complied with；Mechanically activated or lack under the DRY SLIDINGs such as lubricant, Lubrication protection can be played a part of to friction pair in the form of simple substance or oxide, the things such as " stinging axle ", " seizing ", " excessively heated axle " are reduced Therefore occur.But the addition of lead while copper body wearability is improved, inevitably makes under its strong, hardness with distribution situation Drop, directly influences pump housing load, impulse fatigue resistance energy, causes and then reduce rotor and the service life of pump.
Being commonly used to the method for raising Allen's metal rotor mechanical performance is, the method that bimetallic is combined.Made of Allen's metal For the wear-resisting working face of rotor inner layer, body is reinforced as outer layer with the high material-high strength steel of strong hardness, certain way is used Such as：The method such as casting, liquid forging, powder sintered, two kinds of metals are organically combined.Various combinations have its advantage and are applicable Scope, also there is limitation.Liquid forging, is also named liquid condition shaping extrusion casint, makes workpiece quality good, it is desirable to which shape can not be answered very much Miscellaneous, mould, equipment requirement are strict, and cost input is high.Powder sintering, manufacture craft is easy, flexible, but raw material, equipment are wanted Ask high, technological parameter is difficult to control, and powder particle is uneven due to being heated, extruding, and gap, hole easily occurs, cause to combine It is bad.Gravitation casting method processing step relative ease, moulding flexibly, equipment and mold is required it is not high, it is economical and practical, it is easy to Promote, but two kinds of metal interface bond strengths need further raising.
The content of the invention
In order to solve problems of the prior art, a kind of casting method of copper base-steel bi-metal, it is intended that improve two kinds of gold Belong to interface bond strength.
The present invention uses following technical scheme：
A kind of casting method of copper base-steel bi-metal, comprises the following steps：
Step one：Machine plus good steel matrix are cleaned into greasy dirt 3-5 times with the NaOH solution of mass concentration 10%, distilled water is used After rinsing well, then with the HCl solution derusting of mass concentration 10%, use distilled water flushing again afterwards；
Step 2：Borax is heated to 900 DEG C, the steel matrix for being preheating to 300 DEG C is immersed in borax glass liquid and preheats 20- 30min, waits to cast；
Step 3：Graphite crucible is preheating to 600 DEG C of red heat, copper billet is added, furnace temperature is quickly risen to 1150 DEG C -1200 DEG C, copper billet whole fusing time is 20-30min, obtains copper liquid；
Step 4：Phosphor copper is added into deoxygenation 3-6min in copper liquid, and stirred with the graphite rod for preheating 300 DEG C；
Step 5：Zn, Pb, Sn are sequentially added into copper liquid, latter gold is added after former metal melts completely Category, midfeather 5-7min, and stir；
Step 6：Cu-RE alloys dehydrogenation 3-5min is added into copper liquid, and is stirred, Redford alloy alloy is obtained, thermometric is arrived Come out of the stove at 1200 DEG C -1250 DEG C and wait to cast, skimmed before casting and stir 10-30s；
Step 7：Steel matrix is cast Redford alloy alloy, air cooling 2min after casting, after after Redford alloy alloy graining, to Cast(ing) surface water spray 3-5min is cooled to room temperature.
It is preferred that, described firm matrix is that a diameter of 45mm Steel Bar is machined into height for 40mm, bottom and wall thickness It is 5mm crucible shape.
It is preferred that, described firm matrix includes the chemical composition of following percentage by weight:C0.450%, Si0.250%, Mn0.620%, P0.021%, S0.023%, Cr0.140%, Mo0.020%, Ni0.018%, Cu0.230%, Ti0.003%, V0.007%, W0.010%, surplus are Fe.
It is preferred that, described Allen's metal alloy includes the chemical composition of following percentage by weight：Cu69.0-76.0%, Pb18.0-23.0%, Sn4.4-6.0%, Ni≤2.5%, Zn≤3.0%, P≤0.05%.
It is preferred that, described Allen's metal alloy from cathode copper, pure lead, pure tin, pure zinc, corronil, phosphor copper and Lanthanum cerium mixing Cu-RE alloys, melting once.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1) steel matrix is preheated anti-oxidation；Faying face is complete, rare oxidation.
2) using the casting method of the present invention, bond strength has been obtained and has been not less than 100 μm higher than 134MPa, atoms permeating layer Bimetallic junction alloying part, it is ensured that two kinds of metal interface bond strengths.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of casting method of copper base-steel bi-metal, comprises the following steps：
Step one：Machine plus good steel matrix are cleaned into greasy dirt 3-5 times with the NaOH solution of mass concentration 10%, distilled water is used After rinsing well, then with the HCl solution derusting of mass concentration 10%, use distilled water flushing again afterwards；
Step 2：Borax is heated to 900 DEG C, the steel matrix for being preheating to 300 DEG C is immersed in borax glass liquid and preheats 20- 30min, waits to cast；
Step 3：Graphite crucible is preheating to 600 DEG C of red heat, copper billet is added, furnace temperature is quickly risen to 1150 DEG C -1200 DEG C, copper billet whole fusing time is 20-30min, obtains copper liquid；
Step 4：Phosphor copper is added into deoxygenation 3-6min in copper liquid, and stirred with the graphite rod for preheating 300 DEG C；
Step 5：Zn, Pb, Sn are sequentially added into copper liquid, latter gold is added after former metal melts completely Category, midfeather 5-7min, and stir；
Step 6：Cu-RE alloys dehydrogenation 3-5min is added into copper liquid, and is stirred, Redford alloy alloy is obtained, thermometric is arrived Come out of the stove at 1200 DEG C -1250 DEG C and wait to cast, skimmed before casting and stir 10-30s；
Step 7：Steel matrix is cast Redford alloy alloy, air cooling 2min after casting, after after Redford alloy alloy graining, to Cast(ing) surface water spray 3-5min is cooled to room temperature.
Described firm matrix is that a diameter of 45mm Steel Bar is machined to highly for 40mm, bottom and wall thickness to be 5mm Crucible shape.
Described firm matrix includes the chemical composition of following percentage by weight:C0.450%, Si0.250%, Mn0.620%, P0.021%, S0.023%, Cr0.140%, Mo0.020%, Ni0.018%, Cu0.230%, Ti0.003%, V0.007%, W0.010%, surplus are Fe.
Described Allen's metal alloy includes the chemical composition of following percentage by weight：Cu69.0-76.0%, Pb18.0- 23.0%th, Sn4.4-6.0%, Ni≤2.5%, Zn≤3.0%, P≤0.05%.
Described Allen's metal alloy is from cathode copper, pure lead, pure tin, pure zinc, corronil, phosphor copper and the mixing of lanthanum cerium Cu-RE alloys, melting once.
Performance detection：
1st, 10mm highly cuts piece in the middle part of interception casting, and shearing test bond strength is carried out with universal hydraulic machine.
2nd, microcell measurement Elemental redistribution in interface both sides is identified with energy depressive spectroscopy (EDS).
As a result with analysis：
1) shear strength test
Shear strength is the investigation amount the most most wanted for the performance of bimetallic rotor, and its numerical value is directly determined The service life of rotor, just has bimetallic bearing or rotor under high load capacity operating mode among conventional production, strong because combining Degree is low and occurs shelling phenomenon, so as to cause the generation of accident.China is directed to the standard GB13238- that copper-steel composite board is issued Provided in 1991：The shear strength of faying face is not less than 100MPa.
Shearing test is carried out fully according to ISO4386/ II [15] every regulation.The thick cakes of 1cm are intercepted by circular section As shearing sample, it is put into shearing die.On universal hydraulic machine, with the longitudinal loaded load of 0.3kN/s speed.Test is most Big loaded load is 147.67kN, according to shear stress calculation formula：
Know, obtained when peak shear strength (stress) is loading maximum load.
Through measuring sample faying face diameter d=35mm, thickness h=10mm, calculating obtains shear stress I.e. shear strength is about 134.37MPa, higher than national standard, can reach use requirement.
2) atoms permeating thickness degree
Atoms permeating layer is obtained after being tested by the constituent analysis of power spectrum Surface scan and is at least 100 μm.There are some researches show diffusion Fe element weight percents into Allen's metal are more than 1.5% ability and produce influence on transition layer tissue, it is structure-reinforced just can be Embody.Such binder course is about 40-80 μm.Total atom diffusion layer is not less than 100 μm.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of casting method of copper base-steel bi-metal, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step one：Machine plus good steel matrix are cleaned into greasy dirt 3-5 times with the NaOH solution of mass concentration 10%, distilled water flushing is used After clean, then with the HCl solution derusting of mass concentration 10%, use distilled water flushing again afterwards；
Step 2：Borax is heated to 900 DEG C, the steel matrix for being preheating to 300 DEG C is immersed in borax glass liquid and preheats 20- 30min, waits to cast；
Step 3：Graphite crucible is preheating to 600 DEG C of red heat, copper billet is added, furnace temperature is quickly risen to 1150 DEG C -1200 DEG C, Copper billet whole fusing time is 20-30min, obtains copper liquid；
Step 4：Phosphor copper is added into deoxygenation 3-6min in copper liquid, and stirred with the graphite rod for preheating 300 DEG C；
Step 5：Zn, Pb, Sn are sequentially added into copper liquid, latter metal is added after former metal melts completely, in Between be spaced 5-7min, and stir；
Step 6：Cu-RE alloys dehydrogenation 3-5min is added into copper liquid, and is stirred, Redford alloy alloy, thermometric to 1200 is obtained Come out of the stove at DEG C -1250 DEG C and wait to cast, skimmed before casting and stir 10-30s；
Step 7：Steel matrix casting Redford alloy alloy, air cooling 2min after casting, after after Redford alloy alloy graining, to casting Surface sprinkling 3-5min is cooled to room temperature.
2. a kind of casting method of copper base-steel bi-metal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described firm matrix be by A diameter of 45mm Steel Bar is machined to the crucible shape that height is 5mm for 40mm, bottom and wall thickness.
3. a kind of casting method of copper base-steel bi-metal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described firm matrix includes The chemical composition of following percentage by weight:C0.450%, Si0.250%, Mn0.620%, P0.021%, S0.023%, Cr0.140%, Mo0.020%, Ni0.018%, Cu0.230%, Ti0.003%, V0.007%, W0.010%, surplus are Fe.
4. a kind of casting method of copper base-steel bi-metal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described Allen's metal alloy Include the chemical composition of following percentage by weight：Cu69.0-76.0%, Pb18.0-23.0%, Sn4.4-6.0%, Ni≤ 2.5%th, Zn≤3.0%, P≤0.05%.
5. a kind of casting method of copper base-steel bi-metal according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described Allen's metal alloy From cathode copper, pure lead, pure tin, pure zinc, corronil, phosphor copper and lanthanum cerium mixing Cu-RE alloys, melting once.
CN201710733305.7A 2017-08-24 2017-08-24 A kind of casting method of copper base-steel bi-metal Pending CN107321963A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112553498A (en) * 2020-11-23 2021-03-26 吉林大学 Copper-nodular cast iron bimetal hydraulic wear-resistant part and preparation method thereof
CN112725656A (en) * 2021-01-19 2021-04-30 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 Plunger hole lining material for bimetallic hydraulic pump motor and application thereof
CN113214799A (en) * 2021-05-20 2021-08-06 合肥工业大学 Use method of composite phase change material in copper-steel bimetal casting process
CN114289703A (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-08 山东理工大学 Casting method of steel-based surface composite high-strength super wear-resistant copper alloy, composite alloy and application thereof

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112553498A (en) * 2020-11-23 2021-03-26 吉林大学 Copper-nodular cast iron bimetal hydraulic wear-resistant part and preparation method thereof
CN112725656A (en) * 2021-01-19 2021-04-30 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 Plunger hole lining material for bimetallic hydraulic pump motor and application thereof
CN113214799A (en) * 2021-05-20 2021-08-06 合肥工业大学 Use method of composite phase change material in copper-steel bimetal casting process
CN114289703A (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-04-08 山东理工大学 Casting method of steel-based surface composite high-strength super wear-resistant copper alloy, composite alloy and application thereof
CN114289703B (en) * 2021-12-30 2024-02-20 山东理工大学 Casting method of steel-based surface composite high-strength super wear-resistant copper alloy, composite alloy and application thereof

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Application publication date: 20171107