CN105290407A - Tin bronze-steel backing self-lubricating wear-resisting bi-metal material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Tin bronze-steel backing self-lubricating wear-resisting bi-metal material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN105290407A
CN105290407A CN201510789408.6A CN201510789408A CN105290407A CN 105290407 A CN105290407 A CN 105290407A CN 201510789408 A CN201510789408 A CN 201510789408A CN 105290407 A CN105290407 A CN 105290407A
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steel
powder
bronze
preparation
resisting
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CN105290407B (en
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王文珍
贾均红
陕钰
易戈文
李博
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Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics LICP of CAS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a tin bronze-steel backing self-lubricating wear-resisting bi-metal material. The surface of a steel backing of the material is plated with copper. Tin bronze comprises, by weight, 5%-20% of Ni, 0.5%-1% of Cr, 0.5%-1% of Ti, and the balance copper-tin alloy. The invention further discloses a preparation method of the material. The material has the advantages that the anti-dry-grinding self-lubricating performance is achieved, the interface bonding strength is high, working procedures are easy and convenient, and the like.

Description

Tin bronze-steel back self-lubricating wear-resisting bimetallic material and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to design of material and preparing technical field, in particular to a kind of tin bronze-steel back self-lubricating wear-resisting bimetallic material with high bond strength and preparation method thereof, be applicable to the preparation of the bimetallic material needed for crucial friction pair (as the Port Plate Pair of rotor/oil distribution casing, the Slipper coupling of piston shoes/wear plate) in the fields such as aero-engine fuel pump, carrier rocket servo control mechanism, automobile, engineering manufacture.
Background technology
Tin bronze-steel backing bimetal solid lubriation material is widely used in the machine components such as sliding bearing, slide block, slideway.The coupling that bimetallic material structure had both met friction pair material requires to turn improve the fatigue strength of material, is one of the development trend of current high pressure, high-speed high-power hydraulic pump material.The welding method of steel and copper has melting, soldering, solid-state diffusion are welded, powder metallurgy process etc.When adopting melting, often there is copper and be seeped between crystalline grain of steel, produce thermal stress, weld seam is ruptured, while alloying element easy scaling loss, easily evaporate, and easily produce the segregation of tin, lead and other elements in weld seam.And soldering is used for steel and more accurate the welding of Copper and its alloy, although soldering there will not be the problem such as crackle, pore, segregation easily produced during melting, but easily reduce the corrosion resistance of joint during soldering, strength of joint is lower, and the scope of application is subject to certain restrictions.Solid-state diffusion weldering is the most extensive with vacuum diffusion welding application, owing to not producing fusing between solid-state welding joint, does not have fusion area, avoids joint and occur the problems such as tissue change, component segregation and grain growth because of fusing.But first vacuum diffusion welding needs copper alloy sinter molding (because current copper base-steel backing bimetallic material seldom adopts pure copper alloy, and in copper alloy, often add hardening constituent, lubricate equal, therefore traditional casting method preparation should not be adopted, and powder metallurgy process sinter molding should be adopted), then carry out Diffusion Welding; And have requirement (surface roughness Ra value is not more than 1.6mm) to piece surface fineness to be welded, in welding process, do not apply pressure or pressure is lower, easily occur the problems such as joint bond strength is not high, welding piece distortion.Heat iso-hydrostatic diffusion welding grows up on the basis of vacuum diffusion bonding, take gas as pressure medium, pressure is larger, 150 ~ 200MPa can be reached, and all directions uniform force, overcome single shaft to pressurize the weldment distortion that brings and by the shortcoming such as workpiece shapes restriction, high (the Shi Hongpei of strength of joint, the method soldering copper alloy QSn6.5-0.1 of Peng Du force heat iso-hydrostatic diffusion welding and steel 40CrNiMoA, its average strength of joint is 401.3MPa, after adding nickel interlayer, its average strength of joint is 451 ~ 616.8MPa, aerospace material technique, the second phase, 26-32), but still need first prepare layers of copper material, then carry out heat iso-hydrostatic diffusion welding, and hot isostatic press is expensive, and technological requirement is harsh.It is the bimetallic material of composite that powder metallurgy process is particularly suitable for preparation layers of copper.But the powder metallurgy process adopted at present prepares complex procedures needed for bimetallic material, will through operations such as batch mixing-paving powder-pre-burning-breaking down-resintering-finish rolling-smoothings, and the bond strength of bimetallic material is lower, such as, disclose a kind of preparation method of the aluminum bronze-steel dual-metal material containing silicon bronze in patent CN102528048B, after pickling-batch mixing-paving powder-once sintered-cold rolling-double sintering, the interface bond strength of obtained aluminum bronze-steel dual-metal material only can reach more than 85MPa, and in embodiment, most high bond strength is only 117MPa.The each defectiveness of preparation method of above-mentioned copper base-steel backing bimetallic material, be badly in need of a kind of bond strength of development high, equipment needed thereby is simple, operation is easy bimetallic material preparation method.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of have anti-dry grinding self-lubricating property and interface bond strength high, tin bronze-steel back self-lubricating wear-resisting bimetallic material that operation is easy and preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is first by optimizing self-lubricating layers of copper material prescription, namely in tin bronze matrix, add the intensified elements such as nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti), significantly improve mechanical strength and the wear resistance of self-lubricating layers of copper material; Secondly by introducing intermediate layer, namely at steel backing plated surface one deck Cu, the interface cohesion of bimetallic material is more conducive to; Finally by the staged sintering process of original creation, once prepare the bimetallic material with high bond strength, without the need to the processing such as follow-up breaking down-resintering-finish rolling or process.
Tin bronze-steel back self-lubricating wear-resisting bimetallic material, is characterized in that: the copper coating of steel backing, and it is Ni, the Cr of 0.5 ~ 1% of 5 ~ 20%, the signal bronze of the Ti of 0.5 ~ 1% and surplus that tin bronze comprises percentage by weight.
The purity of described Ni, Cr, Ti and signal bronze powder is all greater than 99.0%, and particle size is 50 ~ 150mm.
Described signal bronze is CuSn10 or CuSn6.5-0.1.
The material of described steel backing is 40CrNiMoA, and the thickness of its copper coating is 5 ~ 20mm.
The preparation method of tin bronze described above-steel back self-lubricating wear-resisting bimetallic material is: carry out high-energy ball milling by after Ni, Cr, Ti and the mixing of signal bronze powder, make powder Homogeneous phase mixing and mechanical alloying, then that mixed powder is dry; The steel backing of copper coating is put into graphite jig, above-mentioned powder is layered on steel surface, press Graphite pad and pressure head; Graphite jig is placed in vacuum sintering funace, starts to heat up with the speed of 10 DEG C/min, pressurize during intensification 5 ~ 10MPa; When temperature rises to 750 ~ 830 DEG C, be incubated 0.5 ~ 1.5h at 17.5 ~ 25MPa; Afterwards pressure is reduced to 5 ~ 10MPa, continue to be warming up to 850 DEG C ~ 900 DEG C; At 850 DEG C ~ 900 DEG C, insulation 0.5 ~ 1.5h under 5 ~ 10MPa condition; Finally can obtain the tin bronze-steel back self-lubricating wear-resisting bimetallic material with high bond strength with stove cooling.
The condition of described ball milling: ratio of grinding media to material 2.5 ~ 10:1, rotating speed 250 ~ 400rpm, protects ball milling 15 ~ 30 hours with absolute methanol or acetone.
The condition of described drying: temperature 55 ~ 65 DEG C, 0.5 ~ 2 hour time.
Ni, Cr, Ti element that the present invention adds in tin bronze does not react with matrix element Cu, Sn etc., does not generate harmful phase, and can play invigoration effect.After high-energy ball milling, Cr, Ti have been solidly soluted in CuSn matrix, and Ni is also uniformly distributed in the base.40CrNiMoA steel matrix is plated Cu is more conducive to layers of copper material and steel matrix counterdiffusion as intermediate layer.The staged sintering process adopted plays Hot pressing diffusion weldering while layers of copper powder hot pressed sintering is become block, impels the abundant counterdiffusion under uniform temperature, certain pressure of layers of copper material and steel matrix.The tensile strength of the tin bronze adopting preparation method of the present invention to prepare-steel backing bimetallic material reaches more than 500MPa, far above the bond strength of the bimetallic material adopting other techniques to prepare, as Li Zhuoran etc. adopts vacuum diffusion welding method to prepare QSn4-4-2.5 and 45 #bimetal copper-steel material, its tensile strength is 180 ~ 200MPa(solder technology, 1999,28(2): 6; Aerospace material technique, 1999(3): 51); Adopted powder metallurgy process to prepare in patent CN102528048B containing the aluminum bronze-steel dual-metal material of silicon bronze, its interface bond strength is only up to 117MPa.And adopt preparation method of the present invention can obtain the layers of copper material of different-thickness, the demand of different operating mode can be met.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1: first purity is greater than 99.0%, particle size be Ni, Cr, Ti powder of 50 ~ 150mm by Ni:10%, Cr:0.5%, Ti:1%, surplus is that the material of CuSn10 is by weight mixing; Adopted by said mixture Fritsch high energy ball mill to be 2.5:1 in ratio of grinding media to material, rotating speed is protect ball milling 20h with absolute methanol under the condition of 250rpm, makes powder Homogeneous phase mixing; Mixed powder is placed in vacuum drying chamber to dry at 65 DEG C/1h; Plated surface Cu(thickness is about 10 ~ 20mm) 40CrNiMoA steel put into graphite jig, by dry after powder be layered on 40CrNiMoA surface; Press Graphite pad and pressure head, mould is put into vacuum sintering funace, start to heat up with the speed of 10 DEG C/min, rise to 300 DEG C with after-applied pressure 10MPa in temperature, when temperature rises to 800 DEG C, pressure increases to 25MPa, heat-insulation pressure keeping 1h under 800 DEG C/25MPa condition, after 1h, pressure is reduced to 10MPa again, continue to be warming up to 900 DEG C, heat-insulation pressure keeping 1h under 900 DEG C/10MPa condition, afterwards with stove pressurize cooling down.The bimetallic material prepared adopts stretching test method test, and its average tensile strength reaches 515MPa, and the plane of disruption is in layers of copper.Layers of copper material adopts M2000 type frictional testing machine to test its tribological property, friction condition is: rotating speed 200r/min, load 200N, mating material is quenching 45# steel, and fraction time is 1h, aviation kerosine medium, oil dripping, 4 ~ 5/h, its average friction coefficient is 0.141, and wear volume is 0.17 × 10 -3cm 3.
Embodiment 2: first purity is greater than 99.0%, particle size be Ni, Cr, Ti powder of 50 ~ 150mm by Ni:10%, Cr:0.5%, Ti:1%, surplus is that the material of CuSn10 is by weight mixing; Adopted by said mixture Fritsch high energy ball mill to be 2.5:1 in ratio of grinding media to material, rotating speed is make powder Homogeneous phase mixing under the condition of 250rpm; Mixed powder is placed in vacuum drying chamber to dry at 60 DEG C/1.5h; Plated surface Cu(thickness is about 10 ~ 20mm) 40CrNiMoA put into graphite jig, by dry after powder be layered on 40CrNiMoA surface; Press Graphite pad and pressure head, mould is put into vacuum sintering funace, start to heat up with the speed of 10 DEG C/min, rise to 300 DEG C with after-applied pressure 10MPa in temperature, when temperature rises to 820 DEG C, pressure increases to 17.5MPa, at 820 DEG C/17.5MPa heat-insulation pressure keeping 1h, after 1h, pressure is reduced to 10MPa again, continue to be warming up to 900 DEG C, heat-insulation pressure keeping 1h under 900 DEG C/10MPa condition, afterwards with stove cooling down.The bimetallic material prepared adopts stretching test method test, and its average tensile strength reaches 502MPa, and the plane of disruption is in layers of copper.Layers of copper material adopts M2000 type frictional testing machine to test its tribological property, friction condition is: rotating speed 200r/min, load 200N, mating material is quenching 45# steel, and fraction time is 1h, aviation kerosine medium, oil dripping, 4 ~ 5/h, its average friction coefficient is 0.144, and wear volume is 0.24 × 10 -3cm 3.
Embodiment 3: first purity is greater than 99.0%, particle size be Ni, Cr, Ti powder of 50 ~ 150mm by Ni:10%, Cr:0.5%, Ti:1%, surplus is that the material of CuSn6.5-0.1 is by weight mixing; Adopted by said mixture Fritsch high energy ball mill to be 2.5:1 in ratio of grinding media to material, rotating speed is protect ball milling 20h with absolute methanol under the condition of 250rpm, makes powder Homogeneous phase mixing; Mixed powder is placed in vacuum drying chamber to dry at 65 DEG C/1h; Plated surface Cu(thickness is about 10 ~ 20mm) 40CrNiMoA put into graphite jig, by dry after powder be layered on 40CrNiMoA surface; Press Graphite pad and pressure head, mould is put into vacuum sintering funace, start to heat up with the speed of 10 DEG C/min, rise to 300 DEG C with after-applied pressure 10MPa in temperature, when temperature rises to 800 DEG C, pressure increases to 25MPa, at 800 DEG C/25MPa heat-insulation pressure keeping 1h, after 1h, pressure is reduced to 10MPa again, continue to be warming up to 900 DEG C, heat-insulation pressure keeping 1h under 900 DEG C/10MPa condition, afterwards with stove pressurize cooling down.The bimetallic material prepared adopts stretching test method test, and its average tensile strength reaches 510MPa, and ruptures in layers of copper.Layers of copper material adopts M2000 type frictional testing machine to test its tribological property, friction condition is: rotating speed 200r/min, load 200N, mating material is quenching 45# steel, and fraction time is 1h, aviation kerosine medium, oil dripping, 4 ~ 5/h, its average friction coefficient is 0.146, and wear volume is 0.24 × 10 -3cm 3.
Embodiment 4: first purity is greater than 99.0%, particle size be Ni, Cr, Ti powder of 50 ~ 150mm by Ni:10%, Cr:0.5%, Ti:1%, surplus is that the material of CuSn6.5-0.1 is by weight mixing; Adopted by said mixture Fritsch high energy ball mill to be 2.5:1 in ratio of grinding media to material, rotating speed is protect ball milling 20h with absolute methanol under the condition of 250rpm, makes powder Homogeneous phase mixing; Mixed powder is placed in vacuum drying chamber to dry at 65 DEG C/1h; Plated surface Cu(thickness is about 10 ~ 20mm) 40CrNiMoA put into graphite jig, by dry after powder be layered on 40CrNiMoA surface; Press Graphite pad and pressure head, mould is put into vacuum sintering funace, start to heat up with the speed of 10 DEG C/min, rise to 300 DEG C with after-applied pressure 10MPa in temperature, when temperature rises to 830 DEG C, pressure increases to 17.5MPa, at 830 DEG C/17.5MPa heat-insulation pressure keeping 1h, after 1h, pressure is reduced to 10MPa again, continue to be warming up to 900 DEG C, heat-insulation pressure keeping 1h under 900 DEG C/10MPa condition, afterwards with stove pressurize cooling down.The bimetallic material prepared adopts stretching test method test, and its average tensile strength reaches 512MPa, and the plane of disruption is in layers of copper.Layers of copper material adopts M2000 type frictional testing machine to test its tribological property, friction condition is: rotating speed 200r/min, load 200N, mating material is quenching 45# steel, and fraction time is 1h, aviation kerosine medium, oil dripping, 4 ~ 5/h, its average friction coefficient is 0.150, and wear volume is 0.26 × 10 -3cm 3.
Embodiment 5: first purity is greater than 99.0%, particle size be Ni, Cr, Ti powder of 50 ~ 150mm by Ni:20%, Cr:0.5%, Ti:1%, surplus is that the material of CuSn6.5-0.1 is by weight mixing; Adopted by said mixture Fritsch high energy ball mill to be 2.5:1 in ratio of grinding media to material, rotating speed is protect ball milling 20h with absolute methanol under the condition of 250rpm, makes powder Homogeneous phase mixing; Mixed powder is placed in vacuum drying chamber to dry at 65 DEG C/1h; Plated surface Cu(thickness is about 10 ~ 20mm) 40CrNiMoA put into graphite jig, by dry after powder be layered on 40CrNiMoA surface; Press Graphite pad and pressure head, mould is put into vacuum sintering funace, start to heat up with the speed of 10 DEG C/min, rise to 300 DEG C with after-applied pressure 10MPa in temperature, when temperature rises to 820 DEG C, pressure increases to 25MPa, at 820 DEG C/25MPa heat-insulation pressure keeping 1h, after 1h, pressure is reduced to 10MPa again, continue to be warming up to 900 DEG C, heat-insulation pressure keeping 1h under 900 DEG C/10MPa condition, afterwards with stove pressurize cooling down.The bimetallic material prepared adopts stretching test method test, and its average tensile strength reaches 542MPa, and the plane of disruption is in layers of copper.Layers of copper material adopts M2000 type frictional testing machine to test its tribological property, friction condition is: rotating speed 200r/min, load 200N, mating material is quenching 45# steel, and fraction time is 1h, aviation kerosine medium, oil dripping, 4 ~ 5/h, its average friction coefficient is 0.154, and wear volume is 0.14 × 10 -3cm 3.

Claims (7)

1. tin bronze-steel back self-lubricating wear-resisting bimetallic material, is characterized in that: the copper coating of steel backing, and it is Ni, the Cr of 0.5 ~ 1% of 5 ~ 20%, the signal bronze of the Ti of 0.5 ~ 1% and surplus that tin bronze comprises percentage by weight.
2. bimetallic material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the purity of described Ni, Cr, Ti and signal bronze powder is all greater than 99.0%, particle size is 50 ~ 150mm.
3. bimetallic material as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described signal bronze is CuSn10 or CuSn6.5-0.1.
4. bimetallic material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that the material of described steel backing is 40CrNiMoA, the thickness of its copper coating is 5 ~ 20mm.
5. the preparation method of tin bronze-steel back self-lubricating wear-resisting bimetallic material as described in claim 1 to 5 any one, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps: carry out high-energy ball milling by after Ni, Cr, Ti and the mixing of signal bronze powder, make powder Homogeneous phase mixing and mechanical alloying, then that mixed powder is dry; The steel backing of copper coating is put into graphite jig, above-mentioned powder is layered on steel surface, press Graphite pad and pressure head; Graphite jig is placed in vacuum sintering funace, starts to heat up with the speed of 10 DEG C/min, pressurize during intensification 5 ~ 10MPa; When temperature rises to 750 ~ 830 DEG C, be incubated 0.5 ~ 1.5h at 17.5 ~ 25MPa; Afterwards pressure is reduced to 5 ~ 10MPa, continue to be warming up to 850 DEG C ~ 900 DEG C; At 850 DEG C ~ 900 DEG C, insulation 0.5 ~ 1.5h under 5 ~ 10MPa condition; Finally can obtain the tin bronze-steel back self-lubricating wear-resisting bimetallic material with high bond strength with stove cooling.
6. preparation method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that the condition of described ball milling: ratio of grinding media to material 2.5 ~ 10:1, rotating speed 250 ~ 400rpm, protects ball milling 15 ~ 30 hours with absolute methanol or acetone.
7. preparation method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that the condition of described drying: temperature 55 ~ 65 DEG C, 0.5 ~ 2 hour time.
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107321963A (en) * 2017-08-24 2017-11-07 安徽恒利增材制造科技有限公司 A kind of casting method of copper base-steel bi-metal
CN108150404A (en) * 2016-12-05 2018-06-12 江苏汉力士液压制造有限公司 Wear-resisting plunger component
CN109004380A (en) * 2018-07-18 2018-12-14 上海电机学院 A kind of EMU axle head grounding device carbon brush material and preparation method thereof
CN109332704A (en) * 2018-10-30 2019-02-15 西安工业大学 A kind of bi-metal shaft bushing substrate and preparation method thereof
CN110976852A (en) * 2020-01-14 2020-04-10 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 Preparation method of copper-based graphite composite lubricating sealing material
CN112992425A (en) * 2021-02-24 2021-06-18 烟台万隆真空冶金股份有限公司 Preparation method of copper-based composite electric contact material with gradient structure
CN113118716A (en) * 2021-04-27 2021-07-16 合肥工业大学 Welding method of high-bonding-strength copper-steel bimetal antifriction and wear-resistant composite material
CN113415063A (en) * 2021-06-22 2021-09-21 西安理工大学 Preparation method of tin-lead bronze/titanium alloy bimetal

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CN101871058A (en) * 2010-06-17 2010-10-27 大连宏润复合轴承有限公司 Metal-based self-lubricating composite material and preparation method thereof
CN102002609A (en) * 2010-12-07 2011-04-06 中南大学 Copper-base powder metallurgical brake pad material for sea-base wind turbine generator system and preparation process thereof
CN103975169A (en) * 2011-12-06 2014-08-06 菲特尔莫古威斯巴登有限公司 Method for producing a sliding bearing comprising a cuni2si, cufe2p or cusnx compound

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108150404A (en) * 2016-12-05 2018-06-12 江苏汉力士液压制造有限公司 Wear-resisting plunger component
CN107321963A (en) * 2017-08-24 2017-11-07 安徽恒利增材制造科技有限公司 A kind of casting method of copper base-steel bi-metal
CN109004380A (en) * 2018-07-18 2018-12-14 上海电机学院 A kind of EMU axle head grounding device carbon brush material and preparation method thereof
CN109332704A (en) * 2018-10-30 2019-02-15 西安工业大学 A kind of bi-metal shaft bushing substrate and preparation method thereof
CN110976852A (en) * 2020-01-14 2020-04-10 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 Preparation method of copper-based graphite composite lubricating sealing material
CN110976852B (en) * 2020-01-14 2022-03-25 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 Preparation method of copper-based graphite composite lubricating sealing material
CN112992425A (en) * 2021-02-24 2021-06-18 烟台万隆真空冶金股份有限公司 Preparation method of copper-based composite electric contact material with gradient structure
CN112992425B (en) * 2021-02-24 2022-08-30 烟台万隆真空冶金股份有限公司 Preparation method of copper-based composite electric contact material with gradient structure
CN113118716A (en) * 2021-04-27 2021-07-16 合肥工业大学 Welding method of high-bonding-strength copper-steel bimetal antifriction and wear-resistant composite material
CN113118716B (en) * 2021-04-27 2022-03-25 合肥工业大学 Welding method of high-bonding-strength copper-steel bimetal antifriction and wear-resistant composite material
CN113415063A (en) * 2021-06-22 2021-09-21 西安理工大学 Preparation method of tin-lead bronze/titanium alloy bimetal

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