CN117431536A - Bearing surface coating processing method and application thereof - Google Patents
Bearing surface coating processing method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117431536A CN117431536A CN202311398284.XA CN202311398284A CN117431536A CN 117431536 A CN117431536 A CN 117431536A CN 202311398284 A CN202311398284 A CN 202311398284A CN 117431536 A CN117431536 A CN 117431536A
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- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000004372 laser cladding Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018565 CuAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007712 rapid solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
- C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
- B05D3/0218—Pretreatment, e.g. heating the substrate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/14—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to metal, e.g. car bodies
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
- B22F1/142—Thermal or thermo-mechanical treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/01—Alloys based on copper with aluminium as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of wind driven generators, in particular to a processing method of a bearing surface coating, which comprises the steps of preparing a wear-resistant coating, processing a copper-based alloy cladding layer on the outer surface of a bearing, preparing a self-lubricating coating, and preheating the copper-based alloy cladding layer at 100-110 ℃; a self-lubricating coating is sprayed on the surface of the copper-based alloy cladding layer, the thickness of the self-lubricating coating is 3.6-7.1 per mill of the diameter of the bearing, and the technical problem of poor lubricating performance of the bearing structure in the prior art can be solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wind driven generators, in particular to a bearing surface coating processing method and application thereof.
Background
The gear box (hereinafter referred to as a wind power gear box) in the wind generating set is an important mechanical component, and has the main functions of transmitting the power generated by the wind wheel under the action of wind power to the generator and enabling the generator to obtain corresponding rotating speed, and the sliding bearing adopted in the wind power gear box at present adopts a copper sleeve structure, so that the material cost of the structure is higher, and the sliding bearing inner ring and the gear shaft are seriously worn due to lubrication failure or improper fit in the long-time running process.
At present, the prior art provides a laser cladding process (patent publication number: CN 115772668A) of a wind power sliding shaft, a novel process of the laser cladding technology is adopted to prepare a wind power gear box sliding bearing with low cost and wear resistance and corrosion resistance, the laser cladding copper alloy cladding and repairing remanufacturing of the sliding shaft in the wind power industry are realized, and the cladding layer has no defects of cracks, air holes, sand holes and the like and replaces the process method of a copper sleeve structure; the laser cladding technology refers to a metal material remanufacturing technology, and the working principle of the technology is that metal material powder is added to the surface of a base material, and the metal material and the surface of the base material are quickly heated by using high-power and high-density laser beams to be metallurgically combined and quickly solidified to form a metal cladding layer with excellent performance.
However, in the process of being practically applied to wind power generation projects, since the wind power gear box is one of core components of the wind power generator, in order to ensure efficient and stable operation of the wind wheel, not only wear resistance and corrosion resistance of each transmission component in the gear box are ensured to cope with severe environments and long-time use, but also lubrication performance among each transmission component in the gear box is ensured. The bearing in the gear box can be fixedly connected in a static state and can also relatively move with the connected piece, and is mainly used for the hinge joint of the two parts to form hinge connection. Once the self-lubricating performance of the bearing surface fails, the working state of the parts in the wind power gear box can be caused, and shaking can occur and even the movement direction of the parts can be influenced. Therefore, in the field of wind driven generators, development of bearings with wear resistance and self-lubricating properties is a technical problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a processing method and application of a bearing surface coating, which can solve the technical problem of poor lubrication performance of a bearing structure in the prior art.
The application provides the following technical scheme:
a processing method of a bearing surface coating comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a wear-resistant coating: processing a copper-based alloy cladding layer on the outer surface of the bearing;
step two, preparing a self-lubricating coating: preheating the copper-base alloy cladding layer at 100-110 ℃; and spraying a self-lubricating coating on the surface of the copper-based alloy cladding layer, wherein the thickness of the self-lubricating coating is 3.6-7.1 per mill of the diameter of the bearing.
The beneficial effects are that:
1. firstly, a copper-based alloy cladding layer is processed on the outer surface of the bearing, and compared with the traditional bearing, the surface of the bearing is excellent in wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and the requirements of a common processing technology are easily met; and then, a self-lubricating coating is sprayed on the surface of the copper-based alloy cladding layer, so that the lubricating effect of the bearing surface is improved, the wear resistance is further enhanced, and the good working state of parts in the wind power gear box is ensured.
2. The cladding layer is preheated to reduce the temperature difference between the coating and the cladding layer, and the surface of the cladding layer is dehumidified and activated, so that the bonding strength of the self-lubricating coating is improved, the self-lubricating coating is not easy to crack to ensure the lubricating effect of the surface of the formed bearing, and according to experiments, no obvious light integrity defect and sagging phenomenon exist when the preheating temperature is set at 100-110 ℃, and the self-lubricating performance is good.
3. The self-lubricating coating has the main effects of avoiding abrasion phenomenon in the stages of running-in, oil exhaustion and the like, and taking the fact that the oil film gap in the wind power gear box is smaller, and generally taking 1.2-1.5 per mill of the diameter of the bearing; however, the inventor has continuously developed that the thickness of the self-lubricating coating needs to be 3.6-7.1 per mill of the diameter of the bearing, if the self-lubricating coating is too thick and exceeds 7.1 per mill of the diameter of the bearing, the oil film gap is further reduced, the lubrication performance is not easy to embody, and the problem that the sliding bearing structure is easy to lose efficacy is solved; the self-lubricating coating is selected to be too thin, and the protection effect of the self-lubricating coating is reduced by less than 3.6 per mill of the diameter of the bearing, so that the self-lubricating coating is unfavorable for the subsequent application to the extreme environment of wind power projects.
Further, as an improvement, the preparation of the wear-resistant coating in the first step comprises:
s1, carrying out rust removal treatment and oxidation layer removal treatment on the surface of a bearing to be clad;
s2, cladding the outer surface of the bearing by using powder feeding type laser cladding equipment to prepare a copper base alloy cladding layer, feeding powder to the copper base alloy powder in real time by using a powder feeder, enabling the bearing to rotate by using a machine tool during cladding, keeping a certain distance between a laser cladding head and the surface of the bearing relatively, and carrying out multi-pass lap cladding on the surface of the bearing by bearing rotating feeding;
and S3, machining the copper-based alloy cladding layer obtained after cladding.
The beneficial effects are that:
1. the defects on the surface of the bearing to be clad are removed through the rust removal treatment and the deoxidization layer treatment, and the surface of the bearing is thoroughly cleaned, so that the flatness and the molding quality of the subsequent cladding layer are improved.
2. The large-area laser cladding is realized through a multi-channel sequential lapping method, and the method is particularly suitable for long rod parts and plate parts with smaller thickness, is beneficial to controlling the defects of cracks, air holes and the like in the cladding process and effectively preventing the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the cladding layer from being reduced.
Further, as an improvement, the preparation of the self-lubricating coating in the second step comprises the following steps:
s1, before spraying a self-lubricating coating, carrying out pretreatment such as degreasing, sand blasting, cleaning and the like on the surface of a copper-base alloy cladding layer, and then carrying out preheating treatment on the copper-base alloy cladding layer;
s2, after the self-lubricating coating is sprayed, solidifying the sprayed bearing and cooling the bearing in sections.
The beneficial effects are that:
the surface of the cladding layer is subjected to pretreatment such as degreasing and degreasing, so that the cleanliness of the surface of the cladding layer is improved, and the forming quality of a self-lubricating coating sprayed on the surface of the cladding layer by adopting a surface spraying technology is improved.
Further, as an improvement, the copper-based alloy powder is subjected to constant temperature treatment in advance by adopting a heat preservation heating mode before the copper-based alloy cladding layer is prepared on the outer surface of the bearing.
The beneficial effects are that: the constant temperature treatment is carried out on the copper-based alloy powder in advance, so that the dilution rate of the processed cladding layer is kept at a lower level, which is the key for obtaining a high-quality cladding layer on a cladding substrate.
Further, as an improvement, the bearing surface to be clad is preheated to 100-120 ℃ before the copper-based alloy cladding layer is prepared on the outer surface of the bearing by cladding.
The beneficial effects are that: the preheating temperature mainly affects the effect of subsequent cladding, and experiments by the inventor prove that the phenomenon of sagging can occur when the temperature is too low (100 ℃), particularly, the phenomenon that the cladding material is affected by gravity, and before the wet film is not dried, the surface of part of the wet film easily drops downwards to form the phenomenon that the upper part is thinned, the lower part is thickened or seriously forms a sphere, a corrugated shape and a thick edge, thereby affecting the surface evenness and the quality of the cladding layer; too high temperatures (> 120 ℃) tend to cause rapid curing of the coating, and premature curing of the cladding layer tends to result in excessive bonding stress and thus affect its bonding strength.
Further, as an improvement, when the powder feeding type laser cladding equipment is used for cladding the outer surface of the bearing, the laser power is 2000-2400W, the laser spot radius is 2.8-3.2 mm, the defocusing amount is 18-24 mm, the cladding speed is 8-10 mm/s, the powder feeding amount is 0.8-1.2 mm, and the shielding gas and the powder feeding gas are high-purity argon.
The beneficial effects are that: through the arrangement, the cladding layer has no defects of cracks, air holes, sand holes and the like, has high bonding strength and meets the requirements of different cladding thicknesses and efficiencies.
Further, as an improvement, the degreasing pretreatment process is to adopt a cleaning solvent to carry out ultrasonic vibration cleaning on the cladding bearing.
The beneficial effects are that: compared with other cleaning methods, the ultrasonic vibration cleaning method has better cleaning effect, mainly uses cleaning solvent and water as media, and uses the vibration generated by ultrasonic waves in liquid to peel dirt off to achieve the cleaning purpose, thereby being beneficial to realizing the thorough cleaning of the surface of the cladding layer and improving the forming quality of the subsequent self-lubricating coating.
Further, as an improvement, the curing treatment specifically comprises the following steps: heating to 60-80 ℃, and preserving heat for 45min; heating to 100-120 ℃, and preserving heat for 45min; heating to 140-160 ℃, and preserving heat for 45min; heating to 180-220 deg.c and maintaining for 45min.
The beneficial effects are that: the curing temperature is the reaction temperature of the polymer in the coating, the influence rule is similar to the preheating temperature, and the insufficient reaction can influence the bonding strength when the temperature is lower, so that the curing is insufficient; the higher temperature selection will exceed the standard reaction temperature, resulting in failure of the coating during the curing stage, affecting its bond strength, hardness, etc.
Further: the specific steps of the cooling treatment are as follows: cooling to 140-160 ℃, and preserving heat for 45min; cooling to 100-120 ℃, and preserving heat for 45min; cooling to 60-80 ℃, and preserving heat for 45min; cooled to room temperature.
The beneficial effects are that: the cooling process is favorable for combining the self-lubricating coating, the cladding layer and the bearing together to form the integrated bearing with the self-lubricating performance and the wear-resisting property.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of a bearing surface coating according to one embodiment of the invention;
Detailed Description
The laser cladding technology is to place selected coating materials on the surface of a cladding substrate in different material adding modes, to melt the selected coating materials and the surface of the substrate simultaneously by laser irradiation, and to form a surface coating with extremely low dilution degree and metallurgical bonding with the substrate after rapid solidification, so that the process method for improving the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, heat resistance, oxidation resistance and electrical characteristics of the surface of the substrate is remarkably improved, the purpose of surface modification or repair is achieved, the requirement on the specific performance of the surface of the material is met, and a large number of noble elements are saved.
The surface coating technology is a surface modification technology, and the working principle is that a coating with a certain specific function is sprayed on the surface of a substrate, and is cured at a certain temperature, so that a functional coating is formed on the surface of the substrate to play a corresponding role in protecting a matrix.
The following is a further detailed description of the embodiments:
examples
The bearing surface coating mainly comprises a self-lubricating coating, a wear-resistant coating and a bearing surface which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom as shown in figure 1; in the embodiment, a slide bearing with the thickness of 280mm of a wind power gear box is taken as an example; in order to form a self-lubricating coating and a wear-resistant coating on the surface of a bearing, the embodiment also discloses a method for processing the surface coating of the bearing, which mainly comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a wear-resistant coating:
s1, adopting a heat preservation heating mode to lead the powder granularity of aluminum bronze (CuAl) with the granularity of 50-150 mu m 10 Fe 5 ) The alloy powder is subjected to constant temperature treatment, and in the embodiment, the powder granularity of the aluminum bronze alloy powder is 50 mu m, and the heat preservation and heating time is 1h, so that water vapor attached to the surface of the alloy powder is sufficiently removed, and the alloy powder has good fluidity.
S2, carrying out rust removal treatment and deoxidation layer treatment on the surface of the bearing to be clad.
S3, carrying out loading on the bearing, and strictly centering to ensure levelness of the bearing in the cladding process.
S4, preheating the bearing surface to be laser cladding to 100 ℃.
S5, cladding the outer surface of the bearing by using powder feeding type laser cladding equipment to prepare a copper base alloy cladding layer by using a laser cladding technology, feeding the copper base alloy powder in real time by using a powder feeder in a coaxial powder feeding mode, enabling the bearing to rotate by using a machine tool during cladding, keeping a certain relative distance between a laser cladding head and the surface of the bearing, and carrying out multi-pass lap cladding on the surface by bearing rotating feeding, wherein the thickness of the prepared copper base alloy cladding layer is preferably 1.0-1.2 mm.
The laser cladding process parameters when using the powder feeding type laser cladding equipment are as follows: the laser power is 2000-2400W, the laser spot radius is 2.8-3.2 mm, the defocusing amount is 18-24 mm, the cladding speed is 8-10 mm/s, the powder feeding amount is 0.8-1.2 mm, and the shielding gas and the powder feeding gas are high-purity argon.
S6, machining the copper-based alloy cladding layer obtained after cladding to ensure that the thickness of the copper-based alloy cladding layer is kept to be 0.8-1.0 mm; namely, a copper-based alloy cladding layer (hereinafter referred to as "cladding bearing" for the bearing on which the copper-based alloy cladding layer is formed) having a thickness of 0.8mm to 1.0mm is formed on the final bearing surface.
Step two, preparing a self-lubricating coating:
s1: and (3) carrying out machining treatment on the surface of the cladding bearing, wherein the roughness requirement Ra of the surface of the cladding bearing after machining is less than or equal to 0.8.
S2: carrying out oil removal, degreasing, sand blasting and cleaning treatment on the machined cladding bearing; specifically, ultrasonic vibration cleaning is carried out on the surface of the cladding bearing by adopting a cleaning solvent so as to achieve the purpose of degreasing; the sand blasting treatment step specifically comprises the steps of drying the cleaned cladding bearing, then performing sand blasting by using Al2O3, wherein the surface roughness of the cladding bearing after sand blasting is Ra=0.8-1.2.
S3: and (3) preheating the copper-based alloy cladding layer on the surface of the cladding bearing after the cleaning treatment, wherein the preheating temperature is 100-110 ℃.
S4: spraying a self-lubricating coating on the preheated copper-base alloy cladding layer by using a surface spraying technology, wherein the thickness of the sprayed self-lubricating coating is 3.6-7.1 per mill of the diameter of the bearing; the thickness of the sprayed self-lubricating coating is about 10-20 mu m by taking the bearing diameter of 280mm as an example for calculation.
S5: carrying out curing treatment on the cladding bearing after the spraying treatment, wherein the specific step of curing treatment is heating to 75 ℃, and preserving heat for 45min; heating to 110 ℃, and preserving heat for 45min; heating to 150deg.C, and maintaining the temperature for 45min; heating to 200deg.C, and maintaining for 45min.
S6: carrying out sectional cooling treatment on the solidified cladding bearing, wherein the specific steps of the cooling treatment are cooling to 150 ℃ and preserving heat for 45min; cooling to 110 ℃, and preserving heat for 45min; cooling to 70deg.C, and maintaining the temperature for 45min; cooled to room temperature.
The techniques of examples one to five, comparative examples one to six are the same, except that the parameters are valued as shown in table 1 below:
the self-lubricating coatings on the cladding bearings in table 1 were respectively tested, and the test results are shown in the following tables 2 and 3 (note: the bonding strength tests shown in tables 2 to 3 all follow the GB/T9286-88 standard, the surface quality test method is to observe the vertical standing of the bearings with naked eyes, the surface roughness is detected by a photoelectric profilometer, and the hardness test follows the GB/T1730-93 standard):
TABLE 2
TABLE 3 Table 3
The self-lubricating coating detection results of the first to fifth embodiments are combined, the machining method can ensure that the surface quality of the machined bearing has no obvious sagging phenomenon or obvious finishing defect, the surface roughness of the second embodiment is as low as 0.88, the hardness of the third embodiment is as high as 42.1HV, and the surface roughness of the second to third embodiments is increased by 0.04 or 4.55% under the condition that the hardness value of 41.8HV is only increased by 0.3HV or 0.72%; comprehensively considering that the preheating treatment temperature of the copper-based alloy cladding layer in the second embodiment is set to 105 ℃, the temperature in the fourth stage of curing treatment is set to 200 ℃, and the second embodiment is the optimal embodiment for the application of the technology.
According to the first and second comparative examples, when the preheating treatment temperature of the copper-based alloy cladding layer is reduced to less than 100 ℃, i.e. 120 ℃ in the first comparative example, the surface roughness of the self-lubricating coating is greatly increased to 1.42, 110.23% is improved, and obvious hanging phenomenon and finishing defect exist, so that the self-lubricating property is affected.
According to the second comparative example and the second example, when the preheating treatment temperature of the copper-based alloy cladding layer is raised to more than 110 ℃, namely 90 ℃ in the second comparative example, the surface roughness of the self-lubricating coating is greatly raised to 1.85, 61.36% is improved, and meanwhile, obvious defects of the glossiness are present, so that the self-lubricating property can be influenced.
According to the third and second examples, when the curing temperature in the fourth stage is finally raised to 250 ℃, the surface roughness of the self-lubricating coating is greatly raised to 1.61, 82.95% is improved, and meanwhile, obvious defects of smoothness exist, so that the self-lubricating property is affected.
According to the fourth and second embodiments, when the curing temperature in the fourth stage is finally raised to 150 ℃, the surface roughness of the self-lubricating coating is greatly raised to 1.74, which is improved by 97.73%, and meanwhile, obvious defects of smoothness and hanging phenomenon exist, so that the self-lubricating property is affected.
According to the fifth and the second embodiments, when the thickness of the self-lubricating coating is 7.12 μm, that is, less than the standard value of 10 μm, the surface hardness is only 16.34HV, 60.91% is reduced, the protection effect is greatly reduced, and the self-lubricating coating cannot be well adapted to the complex environment of the wind power project.
According to the sixth and the second examples, when the thickness of the self-lubricating coating is 24.39 μm, i.e. greater than the standard value of 20 μm, the bearing surface has no obvious problem, but an excessive coating thickness tends to mean that the oil film gap for lubricating the lubricating oil is further compressed, which is unfavorable for the best expression of the lubricating performance, and at the same time, too much spraying is an unnecessary waste of the spraying material.
In summary, in the second embodiment, the preheating treatment temperature of the copper-based alloy cladding layer is set to 105 ℃, and the temperature of the fourth stage of the curing treatment is set to 200 ℃, which is the optimal embodiment of the technology; the self-lubricating performance of the bearing surface coating is optimal, and the wear resistance can be simultaneously considered.
The bearing surface coating processing method is applied to processing of preparing the wear-resistant coating and the self-lubricating coating on the sliding bearing surface of the wind power gear box, so that the wear resistance of each transmission part in the gear box can be ensured to cope with severe environment and long-time use, and the lubricating performance among each transmission part in the gear box can be ensured. The above is merely an embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the field of the present embodiment, but the specific structure and characteristics of the present invention are not described in detail. It should be noted that modifications and improvements can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the structure of the present invention, and these should also be considered as the scope of the present invention, which does not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the utility of the patent. The protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the content of the claims, and the description of the specific embodiments and the like in the specification can be used for explaining the content of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method of processing a bearing surface coating, comprising the steps of:
step one, preparing a wear-resistant coating: processing a copper-based alloy cladding layer on the outer surface of the bearing;
step two, preparing a self-lubricating coating: preheating the copper-base alloy cladding layer at 100-110 ℃; and spraying a self-lubricating coating on the surface of the copper-based alloy cladding layer, wherein the thickness of the self-lubricating coating is 3.6-7.1 per mill of the diameter of the bearing.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step one, the preparation of the wear resistant coating, comprises:
s1, carrying out rust removal treatment and oxidation layer removal treatment on the surface of a bearing to be clad;
s2, cladding the outer surface of the bearing by using powder feeding type laser cladding equipment to prepare a copper base alloy cladding layer, feeding powder to the copper base alloy powder in real time by using a powder feeder, enabling the bearing to rotate by using a machine tool during cladding, keeping a certain distance between a laser cladding head and the surface of the bearing, and carrying out multi-pass lap cladding on the surface of the bearing by bearing rotating feeding;
and S3, machining the copper-based alloy cladding layer obtained after cladding.
3. The method for processing a bearing surface coating according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the preparation of the self-lubricating coating in the second step comprises:
s1, before spraying a self-lubricating coating, carrying out pretreatment such as degreasing, sand blasting, cleaning and the like on the surface of a copper-base alloy cladding layer, and then carrying out preheating treatment on the copper-base alloy cladding layer;
s2, after the self-lubricating coating is sprayed, solidifying the sprayed bearing and cooling the bearing in sections.
4. A method of bearing surface coating according to claim 3, wherein: before preparing a copper-base alloy cladding layer on the outer surface of the bearing, adopting a heat preservation heating mode to carry out constant temperature treatment on copper-base alloy powder in advance.
5. A method of bearing surface coating according to claim 4, wherein: before the cladding of the outer surface of the bearing to prepare the copper-based alloy cladding layer in the first step, preheating the bearing surface to be clad, wherein the temperature is required to reach 100-120 ℃.
6. A method of bearing surface coating according to claim 5, wherein: when the powder feeding type laser cladding equipment is used for cladding the outer surface of the bearing, the laser power is 2000-2400W, the radius of a laser spot is 2.8-3.2 mm, the defocusing amount is 18-24 mm, the cladding speed is 8-10 mm/s, the powder feeding amount is 0.8-1.2 mm, and the shielding gas and the powder feeding gas are high-purity argon.
7. A method of bearing surface coating according to claim 6, wherein: the degreasing pretreatment process is to adopt a cleaning solvent to carry out ultrasonic vibration cleaning on the cladding bearing.
8. A method of processing a bearing surface coating according to claim 7, characterized in that the curing process comprises the specific steps of: heating to 60-80 ℃, and preserving heat for 45min; heating to 100-120 ℃, and preserving heat for 45min; heating to 140-160 ℃, and preserving heat for 45min; heating to 180-220 deg.c and maintaining for 45min.
9. A method of machining a bearing surface coating according to claim 8, characterized in that the step of the segmented cooling treatment comprises the steps of: cooling to 140-160 ℃, and preserving heat for 45min; cooling to 100-120 ℃, and preserving heat for 45min; cooling to 60-80 ℃, and preserving heat for 45min; cooled to room temperature.
10. The use of a bearing surface coating process according to any one of claims 1, 2, 4 to 9 for the preparation of wear-resistant coatings and self-lubricating coatings on the sliding bearing surfaces of wind power gearboxes.
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| CN202311398284.XA CN117431536A (en) | 2023-10-25 | 2023-10-25 | Bearing surface coating processing method and application thereof |
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| CN202311398284.XA CN117431536A (en) | 2023-10-25 | 2023-10-25 | Bearing surface coating processing method and application thereof |
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