CN117488134A - Antimony bronze-steel bimetal composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Antimony bronze-steel bimetal composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN117488134A CN117488134A CN202311481064.3A CN202311481064A CN117488134A CN 117488134 A CN117488134 A CN 117488134A CN 202311481064 A CN202311481064 A CN 202311481064A CN 117488134 A CN117488134 A CN 117488134A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910016964 MnSb Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006424 Flood reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007550 Rockwell hardness test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003831 antifriction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/08—Alloys based on copper with lead as the next major constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/0081—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product pretreatment of the insert, e.g. for enhancing the bonding between insert and surrounding cast metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/16—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for making compound objects cast of two or more different metals, e.g. for making rolls for rolling mills
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an antimony bronze-steel bimetal composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the antimony bronze-steel bimetal composite material comprises a copper alloy layer and a steel matrix, and the copper alloy layer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10-20% of Pb, 4-6% of Sb, 4-6% of Mn, 2-5% of Ni, 1-3% of Zn, and the balance of copper, wherein the total amount of impurities is not more than 2%. The antimony bronze-steel bimetal composite material prepared by the invention has the advantages that the copper alloy layer adopts antimony bronze to replace common tin bronze, so that the manufacturing cost of the bimetal composite material is reduced, meanwhile, the strength and the hardness of the antimony bronze are increased by reasonably designing the formula of the antimony bronze, and the bimetal copper layer has good lubricating antifriction effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bimetal composite materials, and particularly relates to an antimony bronze-steel bimetal composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The copper-steel bimetal composite material has wider application in the field of hydraulic pumps such as gear pumps, plunger pumps and the like, and consists of a copper alloy layer and a steel matrix, wherein the copper alloy layer is used as a working layer of a friction pair part, has the characteristics of antifriction, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, heat conduction, fatigue resistance and the like, and has excellent antifriction, adhesion resistance performances such as seizure resistance, embedding property, compliance and the like due to the fact that the copper alloy layer has a soft and hard phase structure, and the steel matrix plays a role in bearing and shock resistance, and supplements the defect of low mechanical property of the copper alloy, so that the copper-steel bimetal composite material has the excellent performances of the two materials.
The most widely used copper-steel bimetal composite material at present adopts tin bronze materials for the copper layer, such as: chinese patent CN116124820a discloses a copper-steel bimetal casting experimental method, wherein the copper layer adopts tin bronze alloy (sn 7.25-7.85%, pb 14.1-17.26%, ni 1.24-1.86%, zn 0.01-0.05%, P0.1% or less, and the balance Cu); chinese patent CN104259434B discloses a method for preparing a tin bronze-stainless steel bimetal wear-resistant member, wherein the copper alloy used in the embodiment is tin bronze alloy such as QSn7-0.2, QSn4-3 and ZQSn5Pb5Zn 5. The price of Sn element in the tin bronze is higher, the tin ore resources in China are limited, and under the background that the tin ore resources gradually decrease and environmental protection measures are stricter, the yield of the tin ore in China is gradually reduced, so that the cost for preparing the copper-steel bimetal composite material by adopting the tin bronze is higher, and the reasonable utilization of the tin ore resources in China is also not facilitated. The antimony bronze has higher fuel corrosion resistance and excellent tribological performance under high-speed sliding, and the antimony resources in China are rich, the reserve is the first in the world, and 1/6 of the antimony with the price of tin is used for replacing rare and expensive tin, so that the antimony bronze-steel bimetal composite material with excellent performance is prepared, and the antimony bronze-steel bimetal composite material has great economic and social benefits. However, the relevant literature (note: zhang Chunyou. Development of an antimony-added tin-reduced copper-based antifriction material [ J ]. Hunan nonferrous metal, 1997 (06): 31-33+46) indicates that antimony precipitates in large amounts below 488 ℃, causing segregation of components and structures. In addition, antimony is a brittle element, which is easy to cause the problems of insufficient bonding strength of a copper-steel bimetal interface and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of insufficient bonding strength of the antimony bronze component, tissue segregation and copper-steel bimetal interface and the like, the invention provides an antimony bronze-steel bimetal composite material with uniformly distributed components and tissues and good interface bonding, and the composite material can be used as a substitute material of a common tin bronze-steel bimetal composite material and applied to the field of hydraulic pumps such as partial gear pumps, plunger pumps and the like.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the antimony bronze-steel bimetal composite material comprises a copper alloy layer and a steel matrix, wherein the copper alloy layer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 10-20% of Pb, 4-6% of Sb, 4-6% of Mn, 2-5% of Ni, 1-3% of Zn, and the balance of copper, wherein the total amount of impurities is not more than 2%. The steel matrix is mainly medium carbon alloy steel.
Further, the copper alloy layer has uniformly distributed components and structure, and microstructure mainly comprises alpha-Cu phase, simple substance Pb phase, and small amount of delta phase (molecular formula is Cu 4.5 Sb) and Cu 2 MnSb ternary intermetallic compounds.
Further, the friction factor (μ) of the copper alloy layer is 0.03 to 0.07.
Further, the hardness of the copper alloy layer is not less than 70HRF.
Further, the bimetal interface forms metallurgical bonding, and the bonding strength (P) is not lower than 150MPa.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above antimony bronze-steel bimetallic composite material, comprising the steps of:
s1, preparation of antimony bronze material
(S11) weighing copper powder, nickel powder, manganese powder, lead powder, antimony powder and zinc powder according to the proportion, and weighing anhydrous borax as a deoxidizer and a covering agent;
(S12) firstly placing copper powder and anhydrous borax into a power frequency electric furnace, heating to 1250 ℃ to enable the copper powder to be completely melted, then sequentially adding nickel powder, manganese powder, antimony powder, zinc powder and lead powder according to the melting point from high to low, and fully stirring by adopting a graphite rod;
(S13) after heat preservation for 25-30 min, pouring the molten liquid into a water-cooling mould to form an antimony bronze ingot, and removing borax floating on the surface layer to obtain the antimony bronze material.
S2, material processing
(S21) designing a structure of a steel matrix, and processing the steel matrix by adopting a medium carbon alloy steel material according to the designed structure to form a copper melting pool on the upper surface of the steel matrix;
and (S22) intercepting the corresponding antimony bronze material according to the weight requirement, wherein the antimony bronze material only needs to meet the weight requirement and has no requirement on the shape.
S3, material surface cleaning treatment
And cleaning the surfaces of the steel matrix and the antimony bronze material to remove pollutants on the metal surface.
S4, surface pretreatment of steel matrix copper melting tank
And (3) carrying out sand blasting treatment on the molten copper pool of the steel matrix, and then uniformly coating a layer of anhydrous borax with the component content of more than 99% on the surface of the molten copper pool. Preferably, the grit blasting grade reaches Sa2.5 grade and the surface roughness reaches Rz45-75 μm. The sand blasting can form a micro concave-convex structure on the surface of the steel matrix copper melting tank, so that the contact area is increased; the surface of the copper melting pool can be further purified by the coating anhydrous borax. The interface bonding strength of the copper-steel bimetal can be effectively improved by adopting a mode of combining sand blasting and anhydrous boron sand coating.
S5, high-temperature casting
Placing an antimony bronze material into a steel matrix copper melting tank, and adding a heat preservation layer above the antimony bronze material, wherein the state of the material before being put into a furnace is shown in fig. 1 (a); then the materials are sent into a high-temperature casting furnace, nitrogen with the purity more than or equal to 99.99 percent is used as protective atmosphere, the furnace temperature is raised to 1050-1150 ℃, and the temperature is kept for 30-60 min. Preferably, the heat-insulating layer can resist high temperature of 1150 ℃ or higher, and the heat conductivity is less than or equal to 5W/(m.K), and suitable heat-insulating layer materials include high-temperature-resistant cotton, graphite felt, various refractory bricks and the like.
S6, cooling
After the heat preservation is finished, the material is taken out of the casting furnace and immersed into a liquid cooling medium for cooling. Preferably, the liquid cooling medium is water-based quenching liquid, and the volume concentration of the quenching liquid is 10-20%. Preferably, after the material is immersed in the liquid cooling medium, the liquid cooling medium floods the steel substrate copper melting bath to a height of 1/3 to 1/2 of the lower portion of the steel substrate copper melting bath, and the cooling state is as shown in fig. 1 (b). The liquid cooling medium is adopted for cooling, so that the rapid and directional solidification forming of the copper alloy layer can be realized, the components and the tissues of the copper alloy layer are ensured to be uniformly distributed, and the antimony is solidified before the larger segregation occurs due to the rapid cooling speed, so that the segregation problem of the antimony is effectively solved.
S7, tempering
Tempering the cooled antimony bronze-steel bimetal composite material, wherein the tempering process parameters are as follows: the temperature is 350-500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-3 h. The tempered steel matrix structure is mainly tempered troostite.
Compared with the existing tin bronze-steel bimetal composite material preparation technology, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The antimony bronze-steel bimetal composite material prepared by the invention adopts antimony bronze to replace common tin bronze in a copper alloy layer: on one hand, the price of antimony is lower than that of tin, so that the manufacturing cost of the bimetal composite material is reduced; on the other hand, through reasonable design of the formula of the antimony bronze, cu, sb and Mn elements in the antimony bronze material can form Cu 2 The MnSb ternary intermetallic compound increases the strength and hardness of the antimony bronze, and simultaneously avoids the negative influence of brittleness of Sb element on the bonding strength of the copper-steel bimetal interface; in addition, pb is contained in antimony bronze as a single unitThe existence of the prime phase can lead the bimetallic copper layer to have good lubricating antifriction effect.
(2) The invention pretreats the surface of the steel matrix copper melting pool in a mode of sand blasting and anhydrous borax coating, and adopts a reasonable bimetal casting process at the same time, so that good interface metallurgical bonding is formed between the antimony bronze and the steel matrix.
(3) According to the invention, the heat-insulating layer with high temperature resistance and low heat conductivity is added above the bimetal copper alloy layer, meanwhile, the liquid cooling medium is adopted to cool the steel matrix part after the bimetal casting is finished, so that the rapid and directional solidification forming of the copper alloy layer is effectively realized, the uniform distribution of components and tissues of the copper alloy layer is ensured, and the antimony is solidified before larger segregation occurs due to the rapid cooling speed, so that the problem of segregation of antimony is effectively solved.
(4) By tempering the bimetal composite material, the invention not only eliminates the stress generated in the rapid cooling process of the bimetal composite material, but also enables the steel matrix to form a tempered troostite structure, thereby having higher hardness and good plasticity and toughness.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the preparation of an antimony bronze-steel bimetallic composite material according to the present invention, wherein (a) is the state of the material before being charged into the furnace and (b) is the state of the material cooling process.
FIG. 2 is a metallographic view (100) of the copper layer of the bimetallic composite in example 3.
FIG. 3 is a metallographic view (200) of the copper-steel interface of the bimetallic composite of example 3.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to examples. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Table 1 is a comparison of specific examples of the present invention with comparative examples.
TABLE 1
The friction factor (mu) of the copper layer of the materials prepared in the above examples and comparative examples was measured as follows: the friction and abrasion test of the ring block is adopted, the standard is GB/T12444-2006 test ring-test block sliding and abrasion test of the metal material abrasion test method, the loading force is 20Kg, the rotating speed is 400r/min, the oil is dripped for lubrication, and the oil dripping amount is 10-12 drops per minute. The embodiment of the invention is subjected to 6 repeated tests, the duration of each test is 120min, the numerical values are recorded from 10min, the numerical values are recorded at intervals of 10min, the test results are averaged, and two valid numbers are reserved. The hardness of the copper layer is detected by adopting the standard GB/T230.1-2018, part 1 of Rockwell hardness test of metallic Material: test method, 3 samples are prepared in each embodiment, 6 points are selected for each sample to be detected, the average value of the detection results is taken, and three effective digits are reserved; the interface bonding strength (P) between the copper alloy layer and the steel substrate was measured using the standard YS/T485-2005 method for measuring the shear strength of sintered bimetallic materials, 6 samples were prepared for each example, and after the test, the average was taken and three significant figures were retained. Compared with comparative examples, the antimony bronze-steel bimetallic composite material prepared by the preparation method provided by the embodiment of the invention has excellent performance, and the friction factor, hardness and interface bonding strength of a copper layer of the antimony bronze-steel bimetallic composite material reach the performance indexes of a common tin bronze material, so that the problems of insufficient antimony bronze components, tissue segregation and copper-steel bimetallic interface bonding strength and the like are effectively solved.
The previous description of the embodiments is provided to facilitate a person of ordinary skill in the art in order to make and use the present invention. It will be apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art that various modifications can be readily made to the embodiments and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described herein, and those skilled in the art, based on the present disclosure, should make improvements and modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An antimony bronze-steel bimetallic composite material, comprising a copper alloy layer and a steel matrix, characterized in that: the copper alloy layer consists of the following components in percentage by weight: 10-20% of Pb, 4-6% of Sb, 4-6% of Mn, 2-5% of Ni, 1-3% of Zn, and the balance of copper, wherein the total amount of impurities is not more than 2%.
2. An antimony bronze-steel bi-metal composite according to claim 1, wherein: the steel matrix is medium carbon alloy steel.
3. An antimony bronze-steel bi-metal composite according to claim 1, wherein: the microstructure of the copper alloy layer comprises an alpha-Cu phase, a simple substance Pb phase and a molecular formula Cu 4.5 Delta phase of Sb and Cu 2 MnSb ternary intermetallic compounds.
4. An antimony bronze-steel bimetallic composite according to claim 1 or 3, wherein: the friction factor mu of the copper alloy layer is 0.03-0.07.
5. An antimony bronze-steel bimetallic composite according to claim 1 or 3, wherein: the hardness of the copper alloy layer is not less than 70HRF.
6. An antimony bronze-steel bimetallic composite according to claim 1 or 3, wherein: the bimetal interface forms metallurgical bonding, and the bonding strength P is not lower than 150MPa.
7. A method of preparing an antimony bronze-steel bimetallic composite material in accordance with any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
s1, preparation of antimony bronze material
(S11) weighing copper powder, nickel powder, manganese powder, lead powder, antimony powder and zinc powder according to the proportion, and weighing anhydrous borax as a deoxidizer and a covering agent;
(S12) firstly placing copper powder and anhydrous borax into a power frequency electric furnace, heating to 1250 ℃ to enable the copper powder to be completely melted, then sequentially adding nickel powder, manganese powder, antimony powder, zinc powder and lead powder according to the melting point from high to low, and fully stirring by adopting a graphite rod;
(S13) after heat preservation for 25-30 min, pouring the molten liquid into a water-cooling mould to form an antimony bronze ingot, and removing borax floating on the surface layer to obtain an antimony bronze material;
s2, material processing
(S21) designing a structure of a steel matrix, and processing the steel matrix by adopting a medium carbon alloy steel material according to the designed structure to form a copper melting pool on the upper surface of the steel matrix;
(S22) intercepting the corresponding antimony bronze material according to weight requirements;
s3, material surface cleaning treatment
Cleaning the surfaces of the steel matrix and the antimony bronze material to remove pollutants on the metal surface;
s4, surface pretreatment of steel matrix copper melting tank
Carrying out sand blasting treatment on a steel matrix copper melting pool, and then uniformly coating a layer of anhydrous borax with the component content of more than 99% on the surface of the steel matrix copper melting pool;
s5, high-temperature casting
Placing an antimony bronze material into a steel matrix copper melting tank, adding a heat preservation layer above the antimony bronze material, then sending the material into a high-temperature casting furnace, taking nitrogen with purity more than or equal to 99.99% as a protective atmosphere, heating the furnace to 1050-1150 ℃, and preserving heat for 30-60 min;
s6, cooling
After the heat preservation is finished, taking out the material from the casting furnace, and immersing the material into a liquid cooling medium for cooling;
s7, tempering
Tempering the cooled antimony bronze-steel bimetal composite material, wherein the tempering process parameters are as follows: the temperature is 350-500 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-3 h.
8. The method of manufacturing according to claim 7, wherein: in the step S6, the liquid cooling medium is water-based quenching liquid, and the volume concentration of the quenching liquid is 10-20%.
9. The preparation method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: in step S6, after the material is immersed in the liquid cooling medium, the liquid cooling medium submerges the height of 1/3-1/2 of the lower part of the molten copper pool of the steel matrix.
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