CN103789569A - Novel bearing retainer material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Novel bearing retainer material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103789569A CN103789569A CN201410049785.1A CN201410049785A CN103789569A CN 103789569 A CN103789569 A CN 103789569A CN 201410049785 A CN201410049785 A CN 201410049785A CN 103789569 A CN103789569 A CN 103789569A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel bearing retainer material and a preparation method thereof. The novel bearing retainer material comprises the following alloy element components in percentage by weight: 57.0-62.0 percent of Cu, 0.3-0.7 percent of Al, 1.0-2.0 percent of Pb, 0.2-0.6 percent of Ni, 0.2-0.5 percent of Fe, 0.15-0.5 percent of Ti, 0.1-0.3 percent of Mo, 0.1-0.3 percent of rare earth metal element and the balance of Zn. The manufacture method of the novel bearing retainer material comprises the following steps: a, preparing the raw materials according to a ratio; b, preparing an intermediate alloy rod; and c, smelting an alloy. The novel bearing retainer material produced by adopting a multielement microalloying method reaches and even exceeds similar international products on the aspects of important indexes such as tensile strength, hardness and elongation percentage, and has the advantages of better plasticity, flexibility, wear resistance, long service life of a bearing, and lower price.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal alloy compositions field, particularly relate to a kind of Novel bearing retainer material and manufacture method thereof.
Background technology
Bearing, as the conventional accessory of a kind of machinery, is widely used in the every field such as household electrical appliances, space flight and aviation, automobile, machinery, instrument manufacture, in existing production, and the alloy material that generally is brass and extends on its basis of the manufacture use of bearing.
Brass is the copper zinc alloy take zinc as main alloy element.Brass has good plasticity and erosion resistance, and good deformation processing performance and castability have very strong using value in industry.Difference according to chemical composition, brass can be divided into market brass and special brass two classes.Solid-state lower six the phase (see figure 1)s such as α, β, γ, σ, ε, η that exist respectively of copper zinc alloy.Market brass is Cu-Zn binary alloy, and α is the sosoloid of Zn in Cu mutually.The changes in solubility of Zn in Cu is different from general alloy, and its reduction with temperature increases.In the time of 903 ℃, the solubleness of Zn is 32.5%; At 456 ° of C, Zn maxima solubility is 39.0%.αsolidsolution has good mechanical property and processing characteristics.In as cast condition, in the time that Zn content is less than 32%, Zn is dissolved in αsolidsolution completely, plays solution strengthening effect, and the intensity of brass and plasticity raise with the increase of Zn content, until 30%.In the time that Zn content reaches 32%, in alloy structure, occur β phase, plasticity starts to decline.In the time that Zn content reaches 36%, become (alpha+beta) two-phase brass, as cast condition Xia Cheng two-phase structure; And intensity reaches maximum value near Zn=45%; When higher containing Zn, the tissue of brass is all β ' phase, and intensity and plasticity sharply decline.
In brass, add alloying element beyond zinc obtain a kind of than the better copper alloy of the mechanical property of market brass, processing performance and corrosion stability special brass, be the Albatra metal-that machinery, shipbuilding, thermal technology and chemical industry application are the widest.
Domestic have much about the development of various special brass materials at present, but roll over a road in the main equipment process that machinery, building machinery etc. work under shock load in manufacture, the special brass using and the high life bearing of being prepared by special brass are substantially all to rely on developed country's imports such as German; In domestic produced bearing, its overall mechanics performance base originally can not reach: Rm >=360Mpa; HB >=80HB; A >=20%, therefore research and develop a kind ofly in improving intensity, hardness, can there is again the special brass of good plasticity, toughness and wear resistance, and the bearing that uses above-mentioned special brass to prepare high-performance, high life, price material benefit is key subjects.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is to provide a kind of Novel bearing retainer material and manufacture method thereof, the present invention adopts the method for multicomponent microalloying, and the product of producing is is all meeting or exceeding Rm >=360Mpa aspect the important indicators such as tensile strength, hardness, unit elongation; HB >=80HB; The similar international product of A >=20%, but also there is good plasticity, toughness and wear resistance, bearing long service life, price is more economical.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: a kind of Novel bearing retainer material is provided, calculates by weight, be made up of: Cu:57.0-62.0% following alloy element component, Al:0.3-0.7%, Pb:1.0-2.0%, Ni:0.2-0.6%, Fe:0.2-0.5%, Ti:0.15-0.5%, Mo:0.1-0.3%, thulium: 0.1-0.3%, Zn surplus.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, calculate by weight, Novel bearing retainer material is made up of following alloy element component: Cu:59.5-61.0%, Al:0.4-0.6%, Pb:1.2-1.5%, Ni:0.3-0.5%, Fe:0.3-0.5%, Ti:0.3-0.5%, Mo:0.1-0.25%, thulium: 0.1-0.25%, Zn surplus.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described thulium is Sc or Ce.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described Mo and the total content of Sc are less than or equal to 0.45%.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described Mo and the total content of Ce are less than or equal to 0.40%.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, another technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of manufacture method of Novel bearing retainer material is provided, carries out according to the following steps:
A): preparation raw material in proportion;
B): the preparation of master alloy rod: by the weight proportion of Cu and trace alloying element Ni, Fe, Ti, Mo, thulium according to Cu: the ratio that trace alloying element Ni, Fe, Ti, Mo, thulium are 1.8-3:1 is put into vacuum melting furnace melting, after whole fusings 1250 ℃ of insulations after 15-22 minute cast, air cooling make master alloy rod, wherein, vacuum is: 10
-1pa;
C): alloy melting step: residue Cu and master alloy rod are put into stove simultaneously and add hot smelting, all after fusing, at 1250 ℃ of insulation 8-15 minute, start subsequently cooling, in the time that temperature is down to 970 ℃, start to add successively Zn, Pb, Al to stir, rise to subsequently 1030 ℃ of insulations of pouring temperature and within 8-15 minute, start casting, moulding.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, another technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: a kind of manufacture method of Novel bearing retainer material is provided, carries out according to the following steps:
A): preparation raw material in proportion;
B): under aforementioned batching, increase Al element and the 0.18-0.32%Fe element wt of 0.13-0.18%;
C): first all Cu and trace alloying element Ni, Fe, Ti, Mo, thulium are prepared in proportion and put into stove and be heated to whole fusings, at 1250 ℃ of insulation 8-15 minute, start subsequently cooling, in the time that temperature is down to 970 ℃, start to add Zn, Pb to stir, after melting, add Al to stir, rise to subsequently 1030 ℃ of pouring temperatures, rear insulation starts casting, moulding for 8-15 minute.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention has fully utilized mechanical property and the processing characteristics of each element, in improving intensity, hardness, make again material keep having good plasticity, toughness and wear resistance; Through detecting, the overall mechanical property of material all reaches the mechanical property of foreign similar bearing retainer material, its performance index of novel product through above-mentioned materials casting all meet or exceed Rm >=360Mpa, HB >=80HB, A >=20%, the present invention can meet the high-end requirement of the main equipment use bearing of working under the shock load such as machinery, building machinery that rolls over a road completely, and bearing long service life, and price is more economical.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the six phase views of copper zinc alloy in solid-state lower existence.
Embodiment
To the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention be clearly and completely described below, obviously, described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skills, not making all other embodiment that obtain under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
A kind of Novel bearing retainer material, calculate by weight, formed by following alloy element component: Cu:57.0-62.0%, Al:0.3-0.7%, Pb:1.0-2.0%, Ni:0.2-0.6%, Fe:0.2-0.5%, Ti:0.15-0.5%, Mo:0.1-0.3%, thulium: 0.1-0.3%, Zn surplus.
Preferably, described Novel bearing retainer material, calculates by weight, and is made up of: Cu:59.5-61.0% following alloy element component, Al:0.4-0.6%, Pb:1.2-1.5%, Ni:0.3-0.5%, Fe:0.3-0.5%, Ti:0.3-0.5%, Mo:0.1-0.25%, thulium: 0.1-0.25%, Zn surplus.
Preferably, described thulium is Sc or Ce.
Preferably, the total content of described Mo and Sc is less than or equal to 0.45%.
Preferably, the total content of described Mo and Ce is less than or equal to 0.40%.
On the basis of said ratio scheme, the present invention designs the manufacture method of two cover Novel bearing retainer materials:
Method one:
A manufacture method for Novel bearing retainer material, carry out according to the following steps:
A): count by weight percentage proportioning following raw materials according: Cu:57.0-62.0%, Al:0.3-0.7%, Pb:1.0-2.0%, Ni:0.2-0.6%, Fe:0.2-0.5%, Ti:0.15-0.5%, Mo:0.1-0.3%, thulium: 0.1-0.3%, Zn surplus;
B): the preparation of master alloy rod: by the weight proportion of Cu and trace alloying element Ni, Fe, Ti, Mo, thulium according to Cu: the ratio that trace alloying element Ni, Fe, Ti, Mo, thulium are 1.8-3:1 is put into vacuum melting furnace melting, after whole fusings 1250 ℃ of insulations after 15-22 minute cast, air cooling make master alloy rod, wherein, vacuum is: 10
-1pa;
C): alloy melting step: residue Cu and master alloy rod are put into stove simultaneously and add hot smelting, all after fusing, at 1250 ℃ of insulation 8-15 minute, start subsequently cooling, in the time that temperature is down to 970 ℃, start to add successively Zn, Pb, Al to stir, rise to subsequently 1030 ℃ of insulations of pouring temperature and within 8-15 minute, start casting, moulding.
Method two:
A manufacture method for Novel bearing retainer material, carry out according to the following steps:
A): count by weight percentage proportioning following raw materials according: Cu:57.0-62.0%, Al:0.3-0.7%, Pb:1.0-2.0%, Ni:0.2-0.6%, Fe:0.2-0.5%, Ti:0.15-0.5%, Mo:0.1-0.3%, thulium: 0.1-0.3%, Zn surplus;
B): on the basis of above-mentioned preparation raw material, increase Al element and the 0.18-0.32%Fe element wt of 0.13-0.18%;
C): first all Cu and trace alloying element Ni, Fe, Ti, Mo, thulium are prepared in proportion and put into stove and be heated to whole fusings, at 1250 ℃ of insulation 8-15 minute, start subsequently cooling, in the time that temperature is down to 970 ℃, start to add Zn, Pb to stir, after melting, add Al to stir, rise to subsequently 1030 ℃ of pouring temperatures, rear insulation starts casting, moulding for 8-15 minute.
Embodiment 1
A kind of Novel bearing retainer material, counts by weight percentage proportioning following raw materials according: Zn:36.6%, Pb:1.20%, Fe:0.325%, Ni:0.316%, Al:0.40%; Ti:0.332%; Cu:60.5%, Mo:0.15%, Sc:0.177%.
Its manufacture method, specifically carry out according to the following steps:
1): the preparation of master alloy rod: by Cu and trace alloying element Ni, Fe, Ti, Mo, Sc according to Cu: the ratio that trace alloying element Ni, Fe, Ti, Mo, Sc are 2:1 is put into vacuum induction melting furnace melting, after whole fusings 1250 ℃ of insulations after 18 minutes cast, air cooling make master alloy rod, wherein, vacuum is: 10
-1pa;
2): alloy melting step: residue Cu and master alloy rod are put into stove simultaneously and add hot smelting, all after fusing, 1250 ℃ of insulations 10 minutes, start subsequently cooling, in the time that temperature is down to 970 ℃, start to add successively Zn, Pb, Al to stir, rise to subsequently 1030 ℃ of insulations of pouring temperature and within 10 minutes, start casting, moulding.
Embodiment 2
A kind of Novel bearing retainer material, counts by weight percentage proportioning following raw materials according: Zn:36.9%, Pb:1.51%, Fe:0.385%, Ni:0.461%, Al:0.579%, Ti:0.346%, Cu:59.5%, Mo:0.109%, Ce:0.21%.
Its manufacture method, specifically carry out according to the following steps:
1): on the basis of above-mentioned preparation raw material, increase by 0.16% Al element and 0.28%Fe element wt;
2): first all Cu and trace alloying element Ni, Fe, Ti, Mo, Ce are prepared in proportion and put into stove and be heated to whole fusings, 1250 ℃ of insulations 10 minutes, start subsequently cooling, in the time that temperature is down to 970 ℃, start to add Zn, Pb to stir, after melting, add Al to stir, rise to subsequently 1030 ℃ of pouring temperatures, rear insulation starts casting, moulding for 12 minutes.
Embodiment 3
A kind of Novel bearing retainer material, counts by weight percentage proportioning following raw materials according: Zn:35.5%, Pb:1.12%, Fe:0.23%, Ni:0.255%, Al:0.32%, Ti:0.15%, Cu:62.1%, Mo:0.22%, Ce:0.105%.
Its manufacture method, specifically carry out according to the following steps:
1): the preparation of master alloy rod: by Cu and trace alloying element Ni, Fe, Ti, Mo, Ce according to Cu: the ratio that trace alloying element Ni, Fe, Ti, Mo, Ce are 2.5:1 is put into vacuum induction melting furnace melting, after whole fusings 1250 ℃ of insulations after 20 minutes cast, air cooling make master alloy rod, wherein, vacuum is: 10
-1pa;
2): alloy melting step: residue Cu and master alloy rod are put into stove simultaneously and add hot smelting, all after fusing, 1250 ℃ of insulations 12 minutes, start subsequently cooling, in the time that temperature is down to 970 ℃, start to add successively Zn, Pb, Al to stir, rise to subsequently 1030 ℃ of insulations of pouring temperature and within 12 minutes, start casting, moulding.
The sample of comparative example 1-comparative example 3 is taken from the maintenance support body material of German imported bearing retainer, has listed the performance test results of intensity, hardness, unit elongation and frictional coefficient in table 1.In table 1, also list the performance test results of intensity, hardness, unit elongation and the frictional coefficient of embodiment 1-embodiment 3.
Table 1
The performance test results of the present invention shows: average tensile strength 401.2MPa, higher than the maintenance support body Tensile strength (German import retainer average tensile strength 373.9 MPa) of German imported bearing retainer; Average hardness HB95.7, higher than maintenance support body material hardness (German import retainer average hardness the is HB84) performance of German imported bearing retainer; Average unit elongation 34.8%, higher than the maintenance support body material unit elongation (the average unit elongation of German import retainer is 20.3%) of German imported bearing retainer; Average friction coefficient 0.098, lower than the maintenance support body material friction coefficient (German import retainer average friction coefficient is 0.19) of German imported bearing retainer.
The present invention is further from Analysis on Microstructure, the retainer of the alloying constituent by designed, designed with copper alloy as-cast structure with in the past than generation considerable change, realize and in liquid phase, separate out α phase, decline with temperature, there is Peritectic Reaction at 903 ℃: L+ α → β, along with the reduction of temperature, α is middle mutually can analyze β, lead exists with the form of simple substance Pb, and therefore as cast condition forms alpha+beta+Pb tissue.
The present invention adopts the method for multicomponent microalloying, in traditional brass, add suitable alloy element Al, Fe, Ni, Pb, Ti, Mo, thulium, Al, Ni and Ti element all can be dissolved in α or β phase in a large number, play solution strengthening effect, in putting forward heavy alloyed intensity and hardness, can significantly improve the corrosion stability of brass.Wherein: add Pb mainly for improving machinability, and improve wear resistance; Al can improve intensity and the hardness of brass, can make brass surfaces form the oxide film of protectiveness simultaneously, thereby improve the corrosion stability of brass in atmosphere; Add Fe can play the effect that improves brass recrystallization temperature and crystal grain thinning, mechanical property is improved, make brass there is high toughness, wear resistance and good corrosion stability in atmosphere and seawater simultaneously; Ni can improve recrystallization temperature and the crystal grain thinning of brass, improves mechanical property and corrosion stability, reduces stress corrosion crack tendency; Ti can improve recrystallization temperature and its crystal grain of refinement of brass equally, and the obdurability of material is improved; Mo can improve erosion resistance, intensity and the wear resisting property of material; Add appropriate thulium and can further stabilize and increase material property.
The present invention has fully utilized mechanical property and the processing characteristics of each element, in improving intensity, hardness, makes again material keep having good plasticity, toughness and wear resistance; Through detecting, the overall mechanical property of material all reaches the mechanical property of foreign similar bearing retainer material, its performance index of novel product through above-mentioned materials casting all meet or exceed Rm >=360Mpa, HB >=80HB, A >=20%, it can replace imported product batch production, has high economic worth; The present invention can meet the high-end requirement of the main equipment use bearing of working under the shock load such as machinery, building machinery that rolls over a road completely, and bearing long service life, and price is more economical.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby limit the scope of the claims of the present invention; every equivalent structure or conversion of equivalent flow process that utilizes description of the present invention to do; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical field, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a Novel bearing retainer material, it is characterized in that, calculate by weight, formed by following alloy element component: Cu:57.0-62.0%, Al:0.3-0.7%, Pb:1.0-2.0%, Ni:0.2-0.6%, Fe:0.2-0.5%, Ti:0.15-0.5%, Mo:0.1-0.3%, thulium: 0.1-0.3%, Zn surplus.
2. Novel bearing retainer material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, calculate by weight, formed by following alloy element component: Cu:59.5-61.0%, Al:0.4-0.6%, Pb:1.2-1.5%, Ni:0.3-0.5%, Fe:0.3-0.5%, Ti:0.3-0.5%, Mo:0.1-0.25%, thulium: 0.1-0.25%, Zn surplus.
3. Novel bearing retainer material according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described thulium is Sc or Ce.
4. Novel bearing retainer material according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described Mo and the total content of Sc are less than or equal to 0.45%.
5. Novel bearing retainer material according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described Mo and the total content of Ce are less than or equal to 0.40%.
6. a manufacture method of producing the Novel bearing retainer material described in claim 1, is characterized in that, carries out according to the following steps:
A): preparation raw material in proportion;
B): the preparation of master alloy rod: by the weight proportion of Cu and trace alloying element Ni, Fe, Ti, Mo, thulium according to Cu: the ratio that trace alloying element Ni, Fe, Ti, Mo, thulium are 1.8-3:1 is put into vacuum melting furnace melting, after whole fusings 1250 ℃ of insulations after 15-22 minute cast, air cooling make master alloy rod, wherein, vacuum is: 10
-1pa;
C): alloy melting step: residue Cu and master alloy rod are put into stove simultaneously and add hot smelting, all after fusing, at 1250 ℃ of insulation 8-15 minute, start subsequently cooling, in the time that temperature is down to 970 ℃, start to add successively Zn, Pb, Al to stir, rise to subsequently 1030 ℃ of insulations of pouring temperature and within 8-15 minute, start casting, moulding.
7. a manufacture method of producing the Novel bearing retainer material described in claim 1, is characterized in that, carries out according to the following steps:
A): preparation raw material in proportion;
B): under aforementioned batching, increase Al element and the 0.18-0.32%Fe element wt of 0.13-0.18%;
C): first all Cu and trace alloying element Ni, Fe, Ti, Mo, thulium are prepared in proportion and put into stove and be heated to whole fusings, at 1250 ℃ of insulation 8-15 minute, start subsequently cooling, in the time that temperature is down to 970 ℃, start to add Zn, Pb to stir, after melting, add Al to stir, rise to subsequently 1030 ℃ of pouring temperatures, rear insulation starts casting, moulding for 8-15 minute.
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| CN105112716A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-12-02 | 张超 | Copper-zinc alloy material |
| CN105240408A (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2016-01-13 | 苏州市大力电器有限公司 | Method for manufacturing high-performance bearing retainer |
| CN106191724A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2016-12-07 | 元祥金属工业股份有限公司 | Metal alloy wire manufacture method for spark machined |
| CN108384985A (en) * | 2018-01-19 | 2018-08-10 | 无锡名精密铜带有限公司 | Low alloying copper strips and preparation method thereof |
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