CN113621538A - 一种嗜淀粉乳杆菌及其应用 - Google Patents
一种嗜淀粉乳杆菌及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113621538A CN113621538A CN202110915199.0A CN202110915199A CN113621538A CN 113621538 A CN113621538 A CN 113621538A CN 202110915199 A CN202110915199 A CN 202110915199A CN 113621538 A CN113621538 A CN 113621538A
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- lactobacillus amylovorus
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- lactobacillus
- amylovorus
- glucosidase
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Abstract
本发明涉及益生菌技术领域,具体涉及一种嗜淀粉乳杆菌及其应用。本发明提供的嗜淀粉乳杆菌(Lactobacillus amylovorus)SLZX20‑1保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号为CGMCC No.20122,其耐酸和耐胆盐能力较好,产乳酸能力强,对肠上皮细胞有较好的粘附性,同时具有抵抗病原菌感染,促进肠上皮细胞宿主防御肽的表达,以及产生α‑半乳糖苷酶、β‑葡萄糖苷酶、阿魏酸酯酶等多种酶的能力。将其饲喂动物可促进肠道发育,有提高动物抗病力和饲料转化率的潜力,作为一种抗生素替代品,应用前景广阔。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及益生菌技术领域,具体涉及一种嗜淀粉乳杆菌及其应用。
背景技术
抗生素一直被应用于现代养猪业,除了治疗疾病,抗生素被广泛应用于饲料行业,起到提升动物生长速度、预防疾病、提高生长性能的效果。抗生素在饲料中的滥用造成了病原菌产生耐药性、畜产品中抗生素残留、环境污染等威胁人类健康的弊端。而在集约化、规模化的畜牧养殖条件下,断奶仔猪由于环境因素以及自身发育不完善等因素容易受到病原菌侵袭。因此找到能够促生长、预防疾病且绿色安全的抗生素替代物成为了畜牧行业的紧急任务。益生菌能够促进动物肠道微生态平衡,对于促进动物生长、提升抗病能力、调节免疫功能等有重要作用。与抗生素不同的是,益生菌不仅能抑制或杀死肠道内的有害菌,还能促进有益菌的生长。益生菌被认为是减少禁用抗生素带来的经济损失的重要解决方式之一,应用前景广泛。
乳酸杆菌属是动物肠道中的共生菌群,也是猪肠道中的核心属之一,出生后不久便定植。乳酸杆菌作为抗生素替代品在猪生产中已有了大量的研究,日粮中添加乳酸杆菌可刺激肠道中有益菌的生长、减少病原菌的定植、促进营养物质消化、提升免疫功能等。目前乳酸杆菌作为微生态制剂应用于饲料中十分广泛,嗜酸乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌等已被列入我国饲料添加剂品种目录中。
嗜淀粉乳杆菌(Latobacillus amylovorus)是一种能够降解淀粉的乳酸菌。国外研究发现,嗜淀粉乳杆菌可抑制产肠毒素大肠杆菌诱导的肠道炎症,也有研究证明了其产生的S层蛋白对于肠道抗感染能力的重要作用。国内对嗜淀粉乳杆菌的研究很少,主要研究其抗病毒功能,最近发现了其在发酵青贮饲料中的潜能。在国内研究中,还没有探究嗜淀粉乳杆菌作为抗生素替代品潜力的研究。
因此,为促进畜禽健康,提供一株具有抗逆性强、对病原菌有抑制作用,并能促进营养物质消化等多种益生功能的猪源嗜淀粉乳杆菌作为饲用抗生素替代品,具有一定的应用价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种嗜淀粉乳杆菌(Lactobacillus amylovorus)SLZX20-1及其应用,该菌株的抗逆性和粘附性较好,产乳酸能力强,能够抑制多种病原菌的生长,能促进肠上皮细胞宿主防御肽的表达,且能够产生α-半乳糖苷酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、阿魏酸酯酶等多种酶,饲喂小鼠后能够促进小鼠的肠道发育。
为了实现本发明的目的,本发明首先提供了一种嗜淀粉乳杆菌(Lactobacillusamylovorus)SLZX20-1,其从西藏自治区山南市隆子县所属藏猪养殖合作社的藏猪断奶仔猪的粪便中分离得到。
该菌株于2020年6月22日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(简称CGMCC,地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所,邮编100101),分类命名为嗜淀粉乳杆菌Lactobacillus amylovorus,保藏编号为CGMCCNo.20122。
所述的嗜淀粉乳杆菌具有如下生物学特性:
菌落特征:兼性厌氧菌,菌落大小约为1~2mm左右,颜色呈乳白色、表面光滑湿润、不透明,边缘整齐;菌体特征:革兰氏阳性菌,杆状,单个或成链排列,长度约为2~5μm。
本发明提供的菌株生长速度快,在2小时即进入对数生长期,生长6h活菌数能达到108CFU/mL。该菌株产酸能力强,培养24小时发酵液的pH值为3.93。
所述的嗜淀粉乳杆菌具有如下益生特性:
本发明通过体外试验证明,嗜淀粉乳杆菌(Lactobacillus amylovorus)SLZX20-1具有较好的耐酸和耐胆盐能力,高产乳酸,能够黏附于猪小肠上皮细胞IPEC-J2,抑制多种常见的病原菌,能促进肠上皮细胞宿主防御肽的表达,并且能够产生α-半乳糖苷酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、阿魏酸酯酶等多种酶,有较高的益生潜能。
本发明还提供一种菌剂,其含有所述的嗜淀粉乳杆菌(Lactobacillusamylovorus)SLZX20-1。
本发明还提供所述的嗜淀粉乳杆菌(Lactobacillus amylovorus)SLZX20-1或所述的菌剂或其发酵物或发酵提取物在制备饲料添加剂、动物饲料或药物中的应用。
作为优选,所述饲料添加剂、动物饲料或药物用于以下至少一方面:
(1)抑制病原菌;
(2)提高肠道免疫功能;
(3)提高动物对营养物质的利用能力;
(4)提高动物生长性能;
(5)促进肠道发育;
(6)维持肠道微生态的稳态。
作为优选,所述病原菌为革兰氏阴性菌。
作为优选,所述病原菌为畜禽常见病原菌。比如,所述病原菌包括大肠杆菌Escherichia coli、鸡白痢沙门氏菌Salmonella PuLlorum、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌Salmonellatyphimurium、金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus、柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacterrodentium中的一种或多种。
进一步的,本发明还提供一种饲料添加剂或动物饲料,其含有所述的嗜淀粉乳杆菌(Lactobacillus amylovorus)SLZX20-1或所述的菌剂或其发酵物或发酵提取物。
进一步的,本发明还提供一种药物,其含有所述的嗜淀粉乳杆菌(Lactobacillusamylovorus)SLZX20-1或所述的菌剂或其发酵物或发酵提取物。
本发明还提供所述的嗜淀粉乳杆菌(Lactobacillus amylovorus)SLZX20-1或所述的菌剂或其发酵物或发酵提取物制备酶制剂中的应用。
作为优选,所述酶制剂中含有亮氨酸芳胺酶、胱氨酸芳胺酶、酸性磷酸酶、萘芬-AS-BI-磷酸水解酶、α-半乳糖苷酶、β-半乳糖苷酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、阿魏酸酯酶中的一种或多种;优选含有α-半乳糖苷酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、阿魏酸酯酶中的一种或多种。
进一步的,本发明还提供一种酶制剂,其含有所述的嗜淀粉乳杆菌(Lactobacillus amylovorus)SLZX20-1或所述的菌剂或其发酵物或发酵提取物。
优选所述酶制剂中含有亮氨酸芳胺酶、胱氨酸芳胺酶、酸性磷酸酶、萘芬-AS-BI-磷酸水解酶、α-半乳糖苷酶、β-半乳糖苷酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、阿魏酸酯酶中的一种或多种;更优选α-半乳糖苷酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、阿魏酸酯酶中的一种或多种。
基于上述方案,本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明提供的嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等常见致病菌的生长均具有一定的抑制效果,能促进肠上皮细胞宿主防御肽的表达。同时,该菌株具有产生α-半乳糖苷酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和阿魏酸酯酶等的功能,对于饲料中营养成分的利用有促进作用。此外,其具有良好的体外益生特性,生长速度快,产乳酸能力较高,耐酸和耐胆盐能力较好,且对肠上皮细胞有较好的粘附性。
将嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1饲喂动物不仅安全可靠,而且对动物肠道发育具有积极作用。本发明通过给小鼠灌服不同剂量的嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1,发现高剂量嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1对于动物生长和肠道发育有一定的促进作用。高剂量嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1可以提高小鼠的平均日采食量,显著提高小鼠小肠的绒隐比。另外,不同剂量组的小鼠小肠的隐窝深度相比于对照组均显著降低,说明该菌株对于小鼠的肠道发育具有一定的促进作用。
综上,本发明提供的菌株在提高动物的饲料转化率、促进动物肠道健康等方面具有较好的应用前景,可进一步用于开发益生菌制剂,并作为饲料行业潜在的抗生素替代品。
附图说明
图1为菌株Lactobacillus amylovorus SLZX20-1(CGMCC No.20122)在厌氧条件下培养的单菌落形态图。
图2为菌株Lactobacillus amylovorus SLZX20-1(CGMCC No.20122)的革兰氏染色图(1000×)。
图3为细菌通用引物的PCR扩增图,扩增产物在1500bp左右。
图4为菌株Lactobacillus amylovorus SLZX20-1(CGMCC No.20122)的系统发育树。
图5为菌株Lactobacillus amylovorus SLZX20-1(CGMCC No.20122)的生长曲线。
图6为菌株Lactobacillus amylovorus SLZX20-1(CGMCC No.20122)的活菌数曲线。
图7为菌株Lactobacillus amylovorus SLZX20-1(CGMCC No.20122)的产酸曲线。
图8为菌株Lactobacillus amylovorus SLZX20-1(CGMCC No.20122)的耐酸结果。
图9为菌株Lactobacillus amylovorus SLZX20-1(CGMCC No.20122)的耐胆盐结果。
图10为菌株Lactobacillus amylovorus SLZX20-1(CGMCC No.20122)的粘附性结果。
图11为菌株Lactobacillus amylovorus SLZX20-1(CGMCC No.20122)的抑菌结果。
图12为菌株Lactobacillus amylovorus SLZX20-1(CGMCC No.20122)对IPEC-J2宿主防御肽表达的影响;其中,A~E图依次分别为NK-lysin、PEP2C、PG1-5、PBD-1和PR39的mRNA表达水平。
图13为菌株Lactobacillus amylovorus SLZX20-1(CGMCC No.20122)的API-ZYM酶活测定结果。
图14为菌株Lactobacillus amylovorus SLZX20-1(CGMCC No.20122)降解阿魏酸乙酯结果。
图15为饲喂嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1后小鼠的体重变化。
图16为饲喂嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1后小鼠的肠道发育情况;其中,图A、B和C分别代表小鼠空肠、回肠和结肠的组织发育情况。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例中未注明具体技术或条件者,按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件,或者按照产品说明书进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可通过正规渠道商购买得到的常规产品。
实施例1嗜淀粉乳杆菌(Lactobacillus amylovorus)SLZX20-1的分离与鉴定
一、嗜淀粉乳杆菌的分离
嗜淀粉乳杆菌(Lactobacillus amylovorus)SLZX20-1分离自西藏自治区山南市隆子县所属藏猪养殖合作社的藏猪粪便中,具体分离方法如下:
取出保存在-80℃冰箱的藏猪粪样1g左右于装有10mL生理盐水的离心管中,涡旋振荡混匀;十倍梯度稀释,将不同稀释倍数的粪便悬浊液涂布于SL培养基,然后将其置于厌氧工作站中,在37℃条件下厌氧培养48h左右,直至长出单菌落;从长出单菌落的培养皿中挑取形态不同的单菌落,在MRS固体培养基中进行纯化,纯化三次;纯化后的菌落在MRS液体培养基中富集培养24h。
上述SL培养基的配方:胰蛋白胨10g,葡萄糖20g,酵母提取物5g,柠檬酸二铵2g,磷酸二氢钾6g,三水合乙酸钠25g,七水合硫酸亚铁0.03g,七水合硫酸镁0.58g,四水合硫酸锰0.15g,吐温80 1mL,琼脂15g。灭菌方法为,溶解琼脂在500mL沸水中,溶解其他组分在500mL蒸馏水中,用冰醋酸调节pH值至5.4,并混合已融化的琼脂,进一步煮沸5min,倒板。
上述MRS液体培养基的配方:蛋白胨10g,牛肉粉10g,葡萄糖20g,酵母粉4g,乙酸钠5g,磷酸氢二钾2g,硫酸镁0.2g,柠檬酸三铵2.0g,硫酸锰0.05g,吐温-80 1mL,H2O 1L。
MRS固体培养基在上述MRS液体培养基中加入琼脂15g。
二、嗜淀粉乳杆菌(Lactobacillus amylovorus)SLZX20-1的鉴定
1.形态学鉴定
将菌液梯度稀释,涂布于MRS固体培养基,于37℃厌氧条件下培养,待24h后观察其菌落特征,结果如图1所示,菌落在MRS平板上呈乳白色,不透明,圆形,边缘整齐,表面光滑;菌株经革兰氏染色后在显微镜下观察(1000×),菌株呈紫色,为革兰氏阳性菌,菌体呈杆状,大小约2~5μm,结果见图2。
2.生化鉴定
将嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1的单菌落接种到乳酸菌成套生化鉴定管中,厌氧培养24小时。结果发现,嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1可以利用纤维二糖、麦芽糖、水杨苷、蔗糖、棉子糖、菊糖、乳糖,不能利用七叶苷、甘露醇、山梨醇和1%马尿酸钠,结果如表1。
表1嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1的生化特征
注:“+”表示可以阳性,可以利用该碳水化合物;“++”表示利用程度较强;“+++”表示利用程度很强;“-”表示阴性,不能利用。
3.16S rDNA序列同源性分析
用细菌DNA提取试剂盒提取细菌基因组DNA,采用细菌16S rDNA通用引物进行PCR扩增反应。
上游引物为:27F:5’-AGTTTGATCMTGGCTCAG-3’(SEQ ID No.1);
下游引物为1492R:5’-GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3’(SEQ ID No.2)。
PCR反应体系(50μL)为:2×PCR mix 25μL,上游引物27F 1μL,下游引物1492R1μL,DNA模板1μL,ddH2O 22μL;PCR扩增程序为:①94℃预变性4min;②94℃变性45s;③55℃退火45s;④72℃延伸1min;⑤设置循环数(②-④)为30,⑥72℃修复延伸10min。
PCR扩增产物经1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳进检测,得到大小约为1500bp左右的单一条带,琼脂糖凝胶电泳图见图3。
PCR产物送至上海生工进行16S rDNA测序,PCR产物为1464bp,序列如SEQ ID No.3所示。将测序结果提交到NCBI数据库进行BLAST比对。结果表明,菌株的16SrDNA序列与GeneBank中嗜淀粉乳杆菌的同源性为99.66%。
下载同源性较高的细菌序列,用MEGA7软件进行多序列比对分析并构建系统发育树,菌株与嗜淀粉乳杆菌亲缘关系最近。进化树如图4所示。
上述结果表明,试验分离菌株为嗜淀粉乳杆菌。该菌株已于2020年6月保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号为CGMCC No.20122,分类命名为嗜淀粉乳杆菌Lactobacillus amylovorus SLZX20-1。
实施例2嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1的生物学特性及体外益生特性
1.生长曲线及产酸性能测定:
菌株平板划线两次进行活化,挑取单菌落于MRS培养基,在37℃厌氧条件下过夜培养。然后按1%比例的接种量将菌液接种到MRS液体培养基中,置于厌氧工作站37℃厌氧培养,每两小时吸取菌液,测定菌液的OD600nm、活菌数以及菌液pH值,直至进入平台期。生长曲线如图5所示,以培养时间为横坐标,吸光值为纵坐标。菌株在2h即进入对数生长期,18h进入生长稳定期,说明该菌株可在较短时间内在营养丰富的环境中大量繁殖,生长速度快。活菌数变化曲线如图6所示,菌株培养6h活菌数便达到108CFU/mL,一直到培养24h始终维持在108CFU/mL。菌株的产酸趋势如图7所示,在菌株进入对数生长期时菌液pH值不断下降,产酸能力强,培养24小时pH值下降至3.93。通过离子色谱法对培养24h的嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1上清发酵液稀释200倍后进行短链脂肪酸的检测,结果表明其主要产生乳酸和乙酸,且乳酸含量最高为14.62g/L,乙酸含量为3.51g/L。
2.耐酸能力测定
将培养至对数期的嗜淀粉乳杆菌以1%比例接种至10mL pH值分别为2.5、3、4的PBS中,在37℃条件下耐受0、1、2、3、4小时,每小时采用平板计数法计算活菌数。结果如图8所示,嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1在pH值4的条件下影响较小,耐受4小时存活率为57.12%,在pH值为2.5和pH值为3的条件下耐受4小时存活率小于30%,说明该菌对酸性环境具有一定的耐受能力。
3.耐胆盐能力测定
将菌液以1%(体积比)的比例接种于含有0.1%,0.2%,0.3%(质量体积比)猪胆盐的PBS中,在37℃条件下耐受0、1、2、3、4小时,采用平板计数法计算每小时的活菌数。结果如图9所示,嗜淀粉乳杆菌对低胆盐环境具有一定的耐受能力,嗜淀粉乳杆菌在胆盐浓度0.1%的条件下耐受4小时,存活率为11%,在胆盐浓度为0.2%的条件下耐受4小时存活率几乎为0。
4.对猪小肠上皮细胞IPEC-J2的粘附能力测定
通过革兰氏染色和粘附计数两种方式对嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1的粘附性进行测定。
革兰氏染色法:在12孔板中放入细胞爬片,然后将IPEC-J2细胞布板,细胞汇合至80%以上后,沿孔壁轻轻加入PBS清洗未粘附的细胞,然后加入108CFU嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1,在37℃,5%CO2细胞培养箱中培养2小时。PBS洗涤3次之后,用甲醇固定30分钟,然后在孔中进行革兰氏染色。染色后用镊子取出爬片,载玻片上加一滴香柏油,细胞面朝里放在载玻片上,封片。置于显微镜下观察。结果如图10所示。
粘附计数法:IPEC-J2在六孔板中培养,直至细胞汇合至80%以上。设置低中高三个剂量(107、108、109CFU/mL)的嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1,每个梯度三个重复。嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1培养后5000×g离心5min,弃去上清,再用PBS洗涤3次,最后用不加血清和抗生素的DMEF/12重悬并调节至不同的浓度。
细胞汇合至80%以上后,沿孔壁轻轻加入PBS清洗未粘附的细胞,然后加入不同浓度的嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1,在37℃,5%CO2细胞培养箱中培养2小时。用PBS洗涤3次,洗去未粘附的细菌,然后每孔加入1mL 0.1%的triton-100裂解细胞15min,收集到离心管中,梯度稀释,并涂布于MRS培养基计算活菌数。计算嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1的黏附率。黏附率=粘附后的活菌数/粘附前的活菌数×100%。粘附结果如表2所示。低剂量嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1和IPEC-J2共培养时黏附率为26.69%,随着加入活菌数的增多,粘附活菌数升高,但黏附率降低。
表2嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1对IPEC-J2的粘附能力
5.嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1的抑菌性能
体外抑菌性能测定采取牛津杯抑菌法。选取大肠杆菌Escherichia coli(E.coli)K88、K99、O157、987P,鸡白痢沙门氏菌Salmonella PuLlorum(S.PuLlorum)CVCC1791、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌Salmonella typhimurium(S.typhimurium)SL1344,金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)CVCC1882,柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter rodentium(C.Rodentium)DBS100八种常见致病菌作为指示菌,上述菌株购买自中国兽医微生物菌种保藏管理中心。指示菌在37℃,220rpm的摇床中培养至108CFU/mL后提前混匀于LB固体培养基,用牛津杯打孔。
以1%的比例将嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1接种到MRS液体培养基中37℃厌氧培养36h,4℃5000×g离心10min,分别收集上清和菌体,用0.22μm的滤器过滤得无菌上清,菌体用生理盐水洗涤3次并用生理盐水重悬。以0.1mg/mL的盐酸多西环素作为阳性对照,无菌生理盐水做阴性对照,分别将100μL盐酸多西环素、生理盐水、菌培养液、上清、菌体加入到牛津杯孔中,每组3个重复。在37℃培养箱培养12h后测量抑菌圈直径。结果如图11和表3所示,嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1对以上几种指示菌均具有一定的抑制效果。
表3嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1的抑菌效果
6.对猪小肠上皮细胞IPEC-J2宿主防御肽表达的影响
首先将培养14h的嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1离心并用生理盐水洗涤3次,用不加血清的DMEM-F12重悬,设置低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组,调节菌液浓度为1×107、1×108、1×109CFU/mL。然后将不同剂量的嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1与汇合至80%的IPEC-J2共培养,37℃,5%CO2条件下培养6h。结束后用PBS洗涤三次。
根据康为世纪公司动物组织/细胞RNA提取试剂盒对细胞的RNA进行提取,RNA浓度用超微量分光光度计进行测定并记录。按照聚合美公司的反转录试剂盒完成RNA的反转录反应,所有加样操作均在冰上进行。
通过实时荧光定量PCR对IPEC-J2细胞的宿主防御肽mRNA表达水平进行测定。采用SYBR Green染料法实时监测荧光信号的变化,选择北京聚合美生物科技有限公司的2×Realtime PCR Super mix,总反应体系(10μL)为:DNA模板2μL,2×Realtime PCR Supermix 5μL,上游引物0.5μL,下游引物0.5μL,去离子水2μL。PCR条件如表4所示,引物序列(由primer5设计,DNAMAN检验,上海生工合成,标准曲线验证)参见表5。
结果表明,嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1可以显著提高NK-lysin、PEP2C、PG1-5和PBD-1的mRNA表达水平,对PR39的表达无显著影响。结果如图12所示。其中,高剂量组能显著提高NK-lysin、PEP2C的表达量(P<0.05);中剂量组可以显著提高NK-lysin、PG1-5、PBD-1的表达量(P<0.05);低剂量组会显著降低PG1-5和的表达量(P<0.05)。
表4实时荧光定量PCR反应条件
表5实时荧光定量PCR反应引物序列
7.嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1的产酶能力测定
采用API-ZYM半定量微量方法系统对嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1的酶谱进行测定,按照说明书进行具体操作。将嗜淀粉乳杆菌离心后用生理盐水重悬,每孔加入65μL,37℃孵育4小时后记录反应结果。结果如图13和表6所示。结果表明,亮氨酸芳胺酶、胱氨酸芳胺酶、酸性磷酸酶、萘芬-AS-BI-磷酸水解酶、α-半乳糖苷酶、β-半乳糖苷酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性较强,而碱性磷酸酶、酯酶、缬氨酸芳胺酶和胰蛋白酶活性较弱。
表6嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1的API-ZYM系统酶活检测结果
注:0-5标记相应的颜色深度,0相当于阴性反应,5为最强的反应,2-4是二者之间的强度。
8.嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1产阿魏酸酯酶活力测定
将嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1接种到含阿魏酸乙酯的固体培养基中,37℃培养36小时,可观察到含阿魏酸乙酯的培养基产生透明圈,如图14所示。
上述含阿魏酸乙酯的固体培养基的配方为:10%(w/v)阿魏酸乙酯的DMSO溶液15mL,胰蛋白胨10g,牛肉膏10g,酵母粉5g,柠檬酸三铵2g,硫酸镁0.58g,硫酸锰0.25g,乙酸钠3.12g,磷酸氢二钠1.63g,乙酸钾2.25g,吐温-80 1.0mL,固体加琼脂20g,蒸馏水1000mL,120℃高压灭菌20分钟。
首先配置上述含阿魏酸乙酯的液体培养基,将嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1的菌液以1%(体积比)的比例接种至阿魏酸乙酯液体培养基中,37℃厌氧培养3天,然后7500×g离心10min,弃去上清,收集菌体。用PBS反复离心洗涤3次后用1mL PBS重悬菌体,超声破碎,随后在4℃条件下10000×g离心10min,收集上清。
以阿魏酸乙酯为底物,上述上清液作为阿魏酸酯酶粗酶液进行酶活力检验。反应体系为:100μL 10mmol/L的阿魏酸乙酯的DMSO溶液,500μL含有2.5%(V/V)的Triton X-100的0.1mol/L pH7.0磷酸钠缓冲液和400μL粗酶液。粗酶液提前于39℃预热15min,再将整个体系置于39℃反应45min。最后100℃加热10min使酶变性,终止反应。液相色谱测定反应后的阿魏酸产量。使用阿魏酸标准品做标准曲线,结束后根据峰面积对应标准曲线计算阿魏酸浓度。
BCA法检测样品蛋白浓度。酶活定义为39℃、pH7.0条件下,每分钟降解阿魏酸乙酯生成1μmol阿魏酸所需要的酶量为1个酶活力单位U。经计算,上述粗酶液中,嗜淀粉乳杆菌产生的阿魏酸酯酶活力单位达到105.7447mU/mg蛋白。
实施例3嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1对小鼠生长性能及肠道健康的作用
1.试验方法:
选择60只C57BL/6雄性断奶小鼠,随机分为对照组(CON)、低剂量组(LOW)、中剂量组(MID)、高剂量组(HIGH),每组3个重复,每个重复5只鼠。每2天灌胃一次,试验期14d。灌胃时首先灌胃50μL 5mol/mL的NaHCO3,随后对照组灌胃150μL生理盐水,低剂量组、中剂量组及高剂量组分别灌胃1×107、1×108、1×109CFU/mL的嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1,每天观察并记录小鼠的状态、存活情况,查看有无异常情况。每天记录小鼠体重和采食量,于第14天每组随机选择6只小鼠进行采样。试验中小鼠均自由采食和饮水。饲养室12/12h昼夜循环,温度维持在22±2℃,湿度控制在55%~65%。
2.试验结果:
生长性能:小鼠体重变化如图15所示,灌胃不同剂量的嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1对小鼠的体重变化没有显著影响。各处理组对小鼠生长性能的影响如表7所示。结果表明,各处理组之间小鼠的终体重、平均日增重和耗料增重比均无显著差异(P>0.05),HIGH组的平均日采食量显著提高(P<0.05)。
表7嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1对小鼠生长性能的影响
注:表中上标字母不同代表其间具有显著性差异。
肠道发育:小鼠的空肠、回肠和结肠组织形态如图16所示,图A、B和C分别代表小鼠空肠、回肠和结肠的组织发育情况,结果表明,灌胃不同剂量的嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1后小鼠各肠段组织结构清晰,小肠肠绒毛排列紧密。通过对空肠和回肠的绒毛高度和隐窝深度进行测定,发现灌胃不同剂量的嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1均显著降低了空肠和回肠的隐窝深度,另外,高剂量组可显著提高空肠和回肠的绒隐比。结果如表8所示。以上结果说明灌胃不同剂量的嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1对小鼠来说是安全的,而灌胃高剂量的嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1可促进小鼠肠道发育。
表8嗜淀粉乳杆菌SLZX20-1对小鼠小肠发育的影响
注:表中上标字母不同代表其间具有显著性差异。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
序列表
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Claims (10)
1.嗜淀粉乳杆菌(Lactobacillus amylovorus)SLZX20-1,其保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号为CGMCC No.20122。
2.一种菌剂,其特征在于,其含有权利要求1所述的嗜淀粉乳杆菌(Lactobacillusamylovorus)SLZX20-1。
3.权利要求1所述的嗜淀粉乳杆菌(Lactobacillus amylovorus)SLZX20-1或权利要求2所述的菌剂或其发酵物或发酵提取物在制备饲料添加剂、动物饲料或药物中的应用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述饲料添加剂、动物饲料或药物用于以下至少一方面:
(1)抑制病原菌;
(2)提高肠道免疫功能;
(3)提高动物对营养物质的利用能力;
(4)提高动物生长性能;
(5)促进肠道发育;
(6)维持肠道微生态的稳态。
5.根据权利要求4所述的应用,其特征在于,所述病原菌为革兰氏阴性菌;优选所述病原菌包括大肠杆菌Escherichia coli、鸡白痢沙门氏菌Salmonella PuLlorum、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌Salmonella typhimurium、金黄色葡萄球菌Staphylococcus aureus、柠檬酸杆菌Citrobacter rodentium中的一种或多种。
6.一种饲料添加剂或动物饲料,其特征在于,其含有权利要求1所述的嗜淀粉乳杆菌(Lactobacillus amylovorus)SLZX20-1或权利要求2所述的菌剂或其发酵物或发酵提取物。
7.一种药物,其特征在于,其含有权利要求1所述的嗜淀粉乳杆菌(Lactobacillusamylovorus)SLZX20-1或权利要求2所述的菌剂或其发酵物或发酵提取物。
8.权利要求1所述的嗜淀粉乳杆菌(Lactobacillus amylovorus)SLZX20-1或权利要求2所述的菌剂或其发酵物或发酵提取物在制备酶制剂中的应用。
9.根据权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述酶制剂中含有亮氨酸芳胺酶、胱氨酸芳胺酶、酸性磷酸酶、萘芬-AS-BI-磷酸水解酶、α-半乳糖苷酶、β-半乳糖苷酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、阿魏酸酯酶中的一种或多种;优选含有α-半乳糖苷酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、阿魏酸酯酶中的一种或多种。
10.一种酶制剂,其特征在于,其含有权利要求1所述的嗜淀粉乳杆菌(Lactobacillusamylovorus)SLZX20-1或权利要求2所述的菌剂的发酵物或发酵提取物;
优选所述酶制剂中含有亮氨酸芳胺酶、胱氨酸芳胺酶、酸性磷酸酶、萘芬-AS-BI-磷酸水解酶、α-半乳糖苷酶、β-半乳糖苷酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、阿魏酸酯酶中的一种或多种;更优选α-半乳糖苷酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、阿魏酸酯酶中的一种或多种。
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CN115975889A (zh) * | 2023-01-06 | 2023-04-18 | 华中农业大学 | 提高肠道黏膜免疫性能的益生菌制剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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CN105154371A (zh) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-16 | 山东大学 | 一株产阿魏酸酯酶的噬淀粉乳杆菌及其应用 |
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CN103652322A (zh) * | 2012-09-21 | 2014-03-26 | 临沂思科生物科技有限公司 | 一种含乳酸菌的复合益生菌饲料添加剂及其制备方法 |
CN105154371A (zh) * | 2015-09-30 | 2015-12-16 | 山东大学 | 一株产阿魏酸酯酶的噬淀粉乳杆菌及其应用 |
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CN115975889A (zh) * | 2023-01-06 | 2023-04-18 | 华中农业大学 | 提高肠道黏膜免疫性能的益生菌制剂及其制备方法和应用 |
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