CN113620337A - 一种锑掺杂二氧化锡的隔热材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种锑掺杂二氧化锡的隔热材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical class [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910021626 Tin(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001462 antimony Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000002523 gelfiltration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- GLQMDRJYEQDASO-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Sb] GLQMDRJYEQDASO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 30
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021627 Tin(IV) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000379 antimony sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- MVMLTMBYNXHXFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H antimony(3+);trisulfate Chemical compound [Sb+3].[Sb+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O MVMLTMBYNXHXFI-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony trioxide Inorganic materials O=[Sb]O[Sb]=O ADCOVFLJGNWWNZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JRLDUDBQNVFTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Sb+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O JRLDUDBQNVFTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JVLRYPRBKSMEBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K diacetyloxystibanyl acetate Chemical compound [Sb+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O JVLRYPRBKSMEBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K antimony trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Sb](Cl)Cl FAPDDOBMIUGHIN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- GHPGOEFPKIHBNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Sb+3].[Sb+3] GHPGOEFPKIHBNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000527 sonication Methods 0.000 claims 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003574 free electron Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- -1 Cl- Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- DAMJCWMGELCIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl n-(2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl)carbamate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1COC(=O)NC1CCNC1=O DAMJCWMGELCIMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009388 chemical precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010532 solid phase synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- FAKFSJNVVCGEEI-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(4+);disulfate Chemical compound [Sn+4].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O FAKFSJNVVCGEEI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000410 antimony oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxoantimony Chemical compound [Sb]=O VTRUBDSFZJNXHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036632 reaction speed Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YJGJRYWNNHUESM-UHFFFAOYSA-J triacetyloxystannyl acetate Chemical compound [Sn+4].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O YJGJRYWNNHUESM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- YQMWDQQWGKVOSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N trinitrooxystannyl nitrate Chemical compound [Sn+4].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YQMWDQQWGKVOSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G19/00—Compounds of tin
- C01G19/02—Oxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G30/00—Compounds of antimony
- C01G30/004—Oxides; Hydroxides; Oxyacids
- C01G30/005—Oxides
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种锑掺杂二氧化锡的隔热材料的制备方法,属于无机功能材料应用领域。它主要包括以下步骤:S1、将计量好的锑盐和锡盐溶于溶剂中,充分搅拌溶解冷却待用,计为溶液A;同时配制一定浓度碱液待用,计为溶液B;S2、采用溶胶‑凝胶‑超声法,微波加热下将溶液B缓慢滴加到溶液A中。期间发生的反应如下:Sn4++4OH‑=Sn(OH)4↓,Sb3++3OH‑=Sb(OH)3↓。滴加完成形成淡黄色胶状沉淀,然后超声0.5h;S3、将反应溶液通过凝胶过滤的方法洗去杂质,然后过滤、烘干;最后在煅烧炉中煅烧。本发明操作简单,通过溶胶‑凝胶‑超声法制备电阻率低、颗粒粒径小、分布均匀、尺寸可控的ATO粉末;使用凝胶层析法可减少去除氯离子过程中水的使用,降低成本同时减少了设备的腐蚀现象,可用于大规模生产的透明隔热膜。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种锑掺杂二氧化锡的隔热材料的制备方法,属于无机功能材料应用领域。
背景技术
太阳能绝大部分处于可见光和近红外区,即400~1800nm范围。可见光与红外线都是热射线,可以被照射的物体吸收并转变成热能,使物体表面的温度升高,降低材料的使用寿命。透明隔热材料是一种能将太阳光中的热量(主要是近红外区产生)反射回去,留住可见光,从而生产出隔热透明作用。
纳米锑掺杂二氧化锡(ATO) 属于高浓度自由电子气模式的材料,自由电子气模式材料在低频红外区具有很强的反射率R。当光频增至等离子体频率ωp,即材料进入透明区的临界频率,等离子体电子对光的吸收和反射均很弱。当光频进一步增大到本征激发(吸收)频率ωg,此时紫外吸收急剧增强。而根据自由电子气模式理论,ωp与载流子浓度N成正比,即载流子浓度升高,SnO2的光谱反射边向高频方向移动。掺杂Sb会使SnO2 的载流子浓度增大,从而使SnO2 的(λp-λg)正好落在0.34~1.1 μm 的可见光带区,提高了ATO的可见光透射率、红外反射率以及紫外吸收率。
传统的ATO制备有固相法、水热法、化学沉淀法,溶胶-凝胶法等。固相法需要在高温下进行反应,但高温会引起组分的挥发和偏析,导致其电导率远低于理论值,同时粉体粒子尺寸较大且形貌不规整,难以满足使用需求;水热法步骤简单,反应温度较低,但粉体易团聚,引入的氯离子容易腐蚀设备;化学沉淀法工艺简单、合成周期短、成本低,制备的粉体纯度高、分布均匀、电阻率,是目前制备ATO粉体的主要研究方向;熔胶-凝胶法反应温和,制备出的ATO粉体性能最好,透光率可达90%,是目前最理想的工业生产方法。
发明内容
本发明针对上述背景技术所提及的技术问题,而采用以下技术方案来实现:
一种锑掺杂二氧化锡的隔热材料的制备方法,主要包括以下步骤:
S1、将计量好的锑盐、锡盐加入到烧杯中,然后加入溶剂搅拌,充分溶解计为溶液A;同时配置一定量的碱,计为溶液B;
S2、采用溶胶-凝胶-超声法,微波加热同时将溶液B缓慢滴加到溶液A,并不停搅拌,滴至PH=5~6后停止,形成淡黄色胶状沉淀,滴加完成后超声0.5h。期间发生的反应如下:
Sn4++4OH-=Sn(OH)4↓,
Sb3++3OH-=Sb(OH)3↓;
S3、将反应后的溶液通过凝胶过滤法洗涤溶液,干燥后研磨;
S4、将研磨后的粉末放入煅烧炉中升温到600~800℃,保温2h退火冷却,然后取出即为制得的ATO粉末。
作为优选实例,在S1中,锑盐为氯化锑、硝酸锑、硫酸锑、醋酸锑的一种或几种;锡盐为氯化锡、硝酸锡、硫酸锡、醋酸锡的一种或几种及其水合物;碱液为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾溶液中的一种。
作为优选实例,所述锑盐的用量按三氧化二锑来计算,所述锡盐的用量按二氧化锡来计算,溶剂为稀盐酸、稀硝酸、稀硫酸、稀醋酸的一种或几种。
作为优选实例,在S2中,所述微波加热温度为70~90℃,溶液B滴加速率为1~2s一滴;滴加完成继续中超声0.5h,然后静置冷却。
作为优选实例,在S3中,采用凝胶过滤的方法目的是除去溶液中的Cl-、NO3-、Na+等杂质小分子。
作为优选实例,在S4中,烘干后的所得物在煅烧炉中以3~5℃/min的升温速率升温到600℃,保温2h后结束煅烧,冷却后得到目标产物。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明操作简单、反应迅速,通过溶胶-凝胶法形成低粘度溶液,短时间内可以使含锡、锑化合物在分子水平混合均匀,反应时组分扩散在微米尺度(如图1中SEM所示),反应速度快、温度低。凝胶过滤法则通过层析层先分离出微米级氧化锡、氧化锑固体颗粒,而Na+、Cl-、NO3-等离子进入层析柱内部,流出慢被洗脱,因此,此分离方法制备的粉体纯度高(图2中EDX所示),同时减少了洗涤溶剂的使用,大大节约了成本,可用于大规模生产的透明隔热膜。
附图说明
图1为本发明制备的ATO粉末的SEM图片;
图2为本发明制备的ATO粉末的EDX图片;
图3为本发明实施例1中制得的ATO粉末的近红外吸收图谱;
图4为本发明实施例2中制得的ATO粉末的近红外吸收图谱;
图5 为本发明实施例3中制得的ATO粉末的近红外吸收图谱;
图6为本发明实施例4中制得的ATO粉末的近红外吸收图谱;
图7 为本发明实施例5中制得的ATO粉末的近红外吸收图谱。
具体实施方式
为了对本发明的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体图示和实施例,进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1
一种锑掺杂二氧化锡的导电隔热材料的制备方法,主要包括以下步骤:
S1、称量40.38g的四氯化锡,2.716g的三氯化锑加入到烧杯中,然后称量50mL,2mol/L的稀盐酸缓慢加入烧杯中,35℃水浴下搅拌,充分溶解计为溶液A;称取20g片状氢氧化钠固体,溶于700mL去离子水中,计为溶液B;
S2、在超声仪中,80℃的微波加热下,超声同时采用溶胶-凝胶法将溶液B以1~2s一滴的速率缓慢滴加到A溶液中并搅拌,滴加完成后继续超声0.5h;
S3、将反应后的溶液通过G25型聚丙烯酰胺凝胶柱,过程中可用0.5mol/L的硝酸银溶液检验氯离子。完成后取出沉淀,于70℃干燥箱中烘10h,研磨成粉;
S4、将制得的粉末放入煅烧炉中以5℃/min的升温速率升温到600℃,保温2h后关闭电源,待冷却后取出即为制得的ATO粉末。
实施例2
S1:称量30g无水四氯化锡,2.72g三氯化锑溶于50ml,2mol/L的稀盐酸中,充分搅拌溶解,计为溶液A,称取20g的片状氢氧化钠溶于750mL去离子水中,计为溶液B;
S2:在超声仪中,80℃的微波加热下,超声同时采用溶胶-凝胶法将溶液B以1~2s一滴的速率缓慢滴加到A溶液中并搅拌,滴加完成后继续超声0.5h;
S3:将反应后的溶液通过G25型聚丙烯酰胺凝胶柱,过程中可用0.5mol/L的硝酸银溶液检验氯离子。完成后取出沉淀70℃下干燥过夜,研磨成粉;
S4:将制得的粉末在600℃下以4℃/min升温速率煅烧2h,冷却取出即为制得ATO粉末。
实施例3
S1:称量42.3g的硝酸锡,3.66g硝酸锑溶于70ml,1.5mol/L的稀硝酸中搅拌并充分溶解,计为溶液A,称取20g片状氢氧化钠固体溶解于750ml去离子水中,计为溶液B;
S2:在超声仪中,80℃的微波加热下,超声同时采用水热-沉淀法将溶液B以1~2s一滴的速率缓慢滴加到A溶液中并搅拌,滴加完成后继续超声0.5h;
S3:将溶液通过G25型聚丙烯酰胺凝胶柱,完成后取出沉淀,于70℃干燥箱中烘10h,研磨成粉;
S4:将粉末放入煅烧炉中以4℃/min的升温速率升温到600℃,保温2h,冷却后取出即为制得的ATO粉末。
实施例4
S1:称量40.88g的醋酸锡,3.56g的醋酸锑溶于60ml,2mol/L的醋酸中,计为溶液A,称量18g的片状氢氧化钠溶于650ml去离子水中,计为溶液B;
S2:在超声仪中,80℃的微波加热下,超声同时采用水热-沉淀法将溶液B以1~2s一滴的速率缓慢滴加到A溶液中并搅拌,滴加完成后继续超声0.5h;
S3:将反应后的溶液通过G25型聚丙烯酰胺凝胶柱,完成后取出沉淀,于70℃干燥箱中烘10h,研磨成粉;
S4:将研磨的粉状固体放入煅烧炉中,以3℃/min的升温速率升到600℃并保温2h,冷却后取出即为ATO粉末。
实施例5
S1:称量25g硫酸锡、3.16g硫酸锑溶于100ml、1mol/L的稀硫酸中,即为溶液A;称取20g片状氢氧化钠溶于600ml去离子水中,计为溶液B;
S2:在超声仪中,80℃的微波加热下,超声同时采用水热-沉淀法将溶液B以1~2s一滴的速率缓慢滴加到A溶液中并搅拌,滴加完成后继续超声0.5h,然后静置冷却;
S3:将溶液通过G25型聚丙烯酰胺凝胶柱,完成后取出沉淀,于70℃干燥箱中烘10h,研磨成粉;
S4:将研磨的粉末置于煅烧炉中,以4℃/min的升温速率升温到600℃保温2h,待冷却后取出即为ATO粉末。
通过对实施例1~5制备的ATO粉末进行红外吸收分析;具体方法是:按照0.1wt%将ATO粉末分散在乙酸乙酯溶剂中,制备出干膜厚为15微米的涂层,测量该膜在500~2600nm波长范围的吸收能力,由图2~6可以看出:实施例1~5制备的ATO粉末对近红外吸收范围较广,特别在2000~2500nm之间有较强的吸收。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (5)
1.一种锑掺杂二氧化锡的隔热材料的制备方法,其特征在于,主要包括以下步骤:
S1、将计量好的锑盐和锡盐加入到烧杯中,再加入溶剂搅拌,充分溶解后计为溶液A;同时配置一定浓度的碱液,计为溶液B;
S2、采用溶胶-凝胶-超声法,微波加热的同时将溶液B缓慢滴加到溶液A,并不断搅拌,滴至PH=5~6后停止,形成淡黄色胶状沉淀,然后超声0.5h,期间发生的反应如下:
Sn4++4OH-=Sn(OH)4↓
Sb3++3OH-=Sb(OH)3↓
S3、将反应后的溶液通过凝胶过滤的方法除去杂质,过滤后干燥,然后研磨成粉;
S4、将制得的粉末放入煅烧炉中升温到600~800℃,保温2h后退火冷却,取出即为制得的ATO粉末。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种锑掺杂二氧化锡的隔热材料的制备方法,其特征在于:在S1中,锑盐为氯化锑、硝酸锑、硫酸锑、醋酸锑的一种或几种;锡盐为氯化锡、硝酸锡、硫酸锡、醋酸锡的一种或几种及其水合物;碱液为氢氧化钠或氢氧化钾溶液中的一种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种锑掺杂二氧化锡的隔热材料的制备方法,其特征在于:所述锑盐的用量按三氧化二锑来计算,所述锡盐的用量按二氧化锡来计算,溶剂为稀盐酸、稀硝酸、稀硫酸、稀醋酸的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种锑掺杂二氧化锡的隔热材料的制备方法,其特征在于:在S2中所述微波加热温度为80℃,溶液B滴加速率为1~2s一滴,且超声0.5h的目的是减少团聚,使得颗粒更加均匀,同时增大颗粒间的接触面积,要控制好超声的时间:超声时间太长,颗粒太细,不利于固液分离;超声的时间太短,固体颗粒团聚。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种锑掺杂二氧化锡的隔热材料的制备方法,其特征在于:在S3中,凝胶过滤法目的是除去溶液中的Cl-、NO3-、Na+等杂质小分子粒子,同时筛选出大小均匀的固体颗粒,分离过程中可用硝酸银溶液检验溶液中的Cl-、NO3-。
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