CN113617999A - In-vitro forging method of cake forging - Google Patents
In-vitro forging method of cake forging Download PDFInfo
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- CN113617999A CN113617999A CN202110230023.1A CN202110230023A CN113617999A CN 113617999 A CN113617999 A CN 113617999A CN 202110230023 A CN202110230023 A CN 202110230023A CN 113617999 A CN113617999 A CN 113617999A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J7/00—Hammers; Forging machines with hammers or die jaws acting by impact
- B21J7/02—Special design or construction
- B21J7/04—Power hammers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/06—Hammers tups; Anvils; Anvil blocks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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Abstract
The invention discloses an in-vitro forging method of a cake-shaped forging, belongs to the technical field of forging of forgings, and solves the problem that an ultra-large forging cannot be integrally forged due to the limitation of the structure and the size of forging equipment. The in-vitro forging method of the invention is to smelt the raw materials; cogging the steel ingot; connecting the upper end face of a beam body of forging equipment with a movable cross beam of the forging equipment, wherein one end of the beam body is a forging side, a hammer head is arranged on the forging side of the beam body, the other end of the beam body is a non-forging side, the non-forging side of the beam body is connected with an installation surface of the forging equipment, a forging platform of the forging equipment is arranged right below the hammer head, a blank is arranged on the forging platform, and the forging side of the beam body is positioned outside an area defined by upright columns of the forging equipment; and (4) starting forging equipment, rotating the forging side around the non-forging side in the moving process of the movable cross beam, and forging the blank by the hammer head to obtain the cake-shaped forging. The in-vitro forging method can be used for forging cake forgings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of forging of forgings, and particularly relates to an in-vitro forging method of a cake forging.
Background
The free forging manufacturing process of the traditional cake forging is characterized in that a blank is placed in a forging device body to be rotationally forged and formed, for an ultra-large cake forging with the size exceeding the structural space of the forging device body, only a plurality of tailor-welded structures can be adopted, and the tailor-welded structures are adopted as shown in figures 1 to 2. Meanwhile, for special equipment, in-service inspection of welding seams is required to be performed regularly, and the running cost of the main equipment is increased.
At present, the reactor cake forgings with the maximum size of 7600mm diameter are integrally forged, but the extra-large cake forgings (the diameter is more than 8000mm) still need to be manufactured by adopting a forging plate welding mode.
Therefore, the problem that the ultra-large forging cannot be subjected to integral forging due to the structural and size limitations of the existing forging equipment is urgently solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above analysis, the present invention aims to provide an in-vitro forging method for cake forgings, which solves the problem that the ultra-large forgings cannot be integrally forged due to the structural and dimensional limitations of forging equipment.
The purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides an in-vitro forging method of a cake forging, which comprises the following steps:
smelting the raw materials to obtain a steel ingot;
cogging the steel ingot to obtain a blank;
connecting the upper end face of a beam body of forging equipment with a movable cross beam of the forging equipment, wherein one end of the beam body is a forging side, a hammer head is arranged on the forging side of the beam body, the other end of the beam body is a non-forging side, the non-forging side of the beam body is connected with a mounting surface (for example, the ground) of the forging equipment, a forging platform is arranged right below the hammer head, a blank is placed on the forging platform, and the forging side of the beam body is positioned outside a region surrounded by upright columns of the forging equipment;
and (4) starting forging equipment, rotating the forging side around the non-forging side in the moving process of the movable cross beam, and forging the blank by the hammer head to obtain the cake-shaped forging.
Further, in the moving process of the movable cross beam, the forging side rotates around the non-forging side, the beam body and the movable cross beam form a shoulder pole beam, the load applied to the beam body by the movable cross beam is transmitted to the hammer head located on the forging side of the beam body, and the hammer head forges the blank.
Further, the frock is assisted and is possessed including roof beam body, tup and forging platform, and the one side that the definition roof beam body is connected with the tup is for forging the side, and the opposite side of roof beam body is not forged the side, that is to say, the forging side of roof beam body is located to the tup, and non-forging side is connected with forging and pressing equipment's installation face, forges the platform and locates under the tup, and roof beam body and movable cross beam constitute the shoulder pole roof beam.
Further, the weight ratio of the steel ingot to the cake forging is 1.2-1.8 (for example, 1.5).
Further, the cogging comprises the following steps:
and (3) sequentially carrying out pressing jaw, upsetting, drawing (for example, KD drawing) and cutting jaw blanking on the steel ingot.
Furthermore, in the cogging process, the upsetting ratio and the drawing ratio are controlled to be 2.2-2.5.
Further, the blank comprises an in-vivo forging area and an in-vitro forging area positioned at the edge of the in-vivo forging area, the thickness of the in-vivo forging area is smaller than that of the in-vitro forging area, the thickness h of the in-vivo forging area is the final size of the cake-shaped forging piece, the section of the blank along the axial direction is in an I shape, namely the blank is in a shape with a thin middle and thick periphery.
Further, the outer diameter D of the external forging area of the blank (namely the diameter of the whole blank) is smaller than the column spacing of the forging equipment.
Furthermore, the difference between the distance between the columns and the outer diameter D of the external forging area of the blank is 100-150 mm.
Further, the diameter d of the in-body forging region is calculated by the following formula:
wherein D is2For the column spacing, m, L, of forging apparatus2The transverse distance from the extension of the upright column to the center of the forging equipment, m and L1 are the transverse distances from the hammer head of the tool auxiliary tool for in-vitro forging to the center of the forging equipment, and m and D are the final diameters of the blank.
Further, the thickness H of the in-vitro forging zone is calculated by using the following formula:
wherein V is the final volume formed by the cake forging, m3D is the final diameter of the blank, m, H is the thickness of the in-vivo forging zone, m, H is the thickness of the in-vitro forging zone, m.
Further, the forging of the blank by the hammer head comprises the following steps: forging according to circles from the edge of the external forging area of the blank, wherein the pressing amount of each circle is 85-110 mm.
Furthermore, in two adjacent circles, the overlapping amount of the hammerheads is 1/3-1/2 of the width of the hammerhead.
Furthermore, the ratio of the moving amount of the forging platform to the width of the hammer head in two adjacent circles is 1/2-3/4.
Further, the manufacturing method of the blank comprises the following steps:
step 1: upsetting an original blank in forging equipment, and widening (for example, spinning widening) by using a flat hammer head to obtain a blank to be processed;
step 2: and forging the central area of the blank to be processed to form an in-vivo forging area, wherein the non-dented and finished part is an in-vitro forging area, thereby obtaining the blank.
Further, in step 1, the broadening includes the following steps:
step 11: preliminarily widening the blank after upsetting to obtain a preliminarily widened blank, and reserving a bulge (for example, a cylindrical bulge) at the center of the preliminarily widened blank;
step 12: and flattening the bulge by adopting a flat cover plate.
Further, the diameter D of the protrusiontWith preliminary widening of the diameter D of the blankcThe ratio of 1: 2-5 (e.g., 1: 3), the thickness H of the protrusiontWith preliminary widening of the thickness H of the blankc(thickness not including projection) ratio of 1: 2 to 5 (e.g., 1: 3).
Further, the step 2 includes the following steps:
step 21: one side of a blank to be processed is notched by a strip-shaped hammer head (namely a double-fan-shaped hammer head) to ensure that the diameter of the blank is rapidly increased, and then, a round hammer head is adopted for finishing to obtain a blank with a single side notched;
step 22: turning the blank with the concave on the single surface by 180 degrees, arranging a bottom pad on the concave pad on the single surface, and dislocating the other surface of the blank to be processed by adopting a circular hammer to form an in-vivo forging area, wherein the part which is not concave and is finished is an in-vitro forging area, so that the blank is prepared, and the diameter of the blank to be processed is not changed after the dislocation.
Further, in the process of notching, the rotation angle of each pass of the strip-shaped hammer head is 0 degrees, 90 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 22.5 degrees, 90 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 11.25 degrees, 90 degrees, 45 degrees and 90 degrees in sequence, wherein each pass is a step hammer period, symmetrical pressing hammers are adopted in each step hammer period, and the pressing amount of each pass is 80-100 mm.
Further, utensil is assisted to above-mentioned frock still includes roof beam body connecting piece, and the movable cross beam passes through roof beam body connecting piece and roof beam body coupling, and particularly, roof beam body connecting piece includes roof beam body connecting plate and hangs the lower beam body connecting plate of locating the roof beam body connecting plate below, is face of cylinder contact between roof beam body connecting plate and the lower beam body connecting plate, and roof beam body connecting plate and movable cross beam fixed connection, lower beam body connecting plate and roof beam body fixed connection.
Furthermore, the convex radius of the upper beam body connecting plate is smaller than that of the lower beam body connecting plate.
Further, the ratio of the convex radius of the upper beam connecting plate to the concave radius of the lower beam connecting plate is 0.9-0.98: 1.
further, the convex radius of the upper beam body connecting plate is calculated by adopting the following formula:
δ＝R×sinα
delta is the maximum unbalance loading center distance of forging equipment, R is the convex radius of the upper beam body connecting plate 5, and alpha is the maximum inclination angle of the bearing plate.
Further, utensil is assisted to above-mentioned frock still includes the tup connecting piece, and above-mentioned tup passes through the tup connecting piece and is connected with the forging side of the roof beam body, and particularly, the tup connecting piece includes the tup connecting plate and hangs the lower tup connecting plate of locating last tup connecting plate below, goes up for the sphere contact between tup connecting plate and the lower tup connecting plate, goes up the tup connecting plate and forges side fixed connection with the roof beam body, lower tup connecting plate and tup fixed connection.
Furthermore, the radius of the convex surface of the upper hammer head connecting plate is smaller than the radius of the concave surface of the lower hammer head connecting plate.
Further, the ratio of the convex radius of the upper hammer head connecting plate to the concave spherical radius of the lower hammer head connecting plate is 0.9-0.98: 1.
further, the tool assistive device further comprises an elastic box, and the non-forging side of the beam body is supported on the mounting surface of the forging equipment through the elastic box.
Further, the elastic box comprises a box body, a box cover, a spring (such as a disc spring) and a guide pillar, wherein one end of the guide pillar is supported at the bottom of the box body through the spring, the box cover is arranged at the other end of the guide pillar, a gap is formed between the box body and the box cover, the box body is arranged on a mounting surface of the forging and pressing equipment, and the non-forging side of the beam body is supported on the box cover.
Further, the spring comprises a plurality of disc springs arranged along the axial direction of the spring, and the plurality of disc springs form a set of spring.
Furthermore, the elastic box also comprises a spring guide cylinder arranged in the box body and a guide post guide cylinder arranged in the box cover, wherein the spring part is arranged in the spring guide cylinder, and the other end of the guide post is inserted into the guide post guide cylinder.
Further, the spring guide cylinder and the guide post guide cylinder can be both cylindrical in shape.
Further, utensil is assisted to above-mentioned frock still includes box connecting piece, and the non-forging side of the roof beam body is passed through box connecting piece and is connected with the elastic box, and particularly, box connecting piece includes last box connecting plate and hangs the lower box connecting plate of locating in last box connecting plate below, is face of cylinder contact between last box connecting plate and the lower box connecting plate, goes up box connecting plate and the non-forging side fixed connection of the roof beam body, lower box connecting plate and elastic box fixed connection.
Furthermore, the radius of the convex surface of the upper box connecting plate is smaller than that of the concave surface of the lower box connecting plate.
Further, the ratio of the convex radius of the upper box connecting plate to the concave radius of the lower box connecting plate is 0.9-0.98: 1.
further, the tool assistive device further comprises a rotating platform used for driving the blank to rotate, wherein the rotating platform is arranged on the oblique lower portion of the hammer head and on one side of the forging platform.
Further, the rotary platform rotates in a transmission mode of pneumatic, hydraulic or external force pushing.
Further, one side of the forging platform facing the rotating platform is conformal with the rotating platform.
Furthermore, the shape of the rotary platform is circular, the diameter of the rotary platform is smaller than that of the blank, one side of the forging platform, facing the rotary platform, is arc-shaped, and the whole shape of the forging platform is crescent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize at least one of the following beneficial effects:
a) in the in-vitro forging method of the cake forging, the upper end face of the beam body is connected with the movable cross beam of forging equipment through the arrangement of the beam body, the forging side rotates around the non-forging side in the moving process of the movable cross beam to form the shoulder pole beam, compared with the movable cross beam, the moving distance of the forging side is larger than that of the movable cross beam, and the forging forming process is moved out of the forging equipment, so that the cake forging exceeding the span can be integrally formed in a free forging mode without being limited by the structural size (such as the span and the space between stand columns) of the forging equipment.
b) In the method for forging the cake-shaped forge piece in vitro, the blank is divided into an in-vivo forging area finished in forging equipment and an in-vitro forging area finished outside the forging equipment, namely, the forging of the cake-shaped forge piece is divided into two procedures of in-vivo forging and in-vitro forging, so that in the forming process of the cake-shaped forge piece, only the in-vitro forging area of the blank needs to be forged, and the problems that the length of a beam body is too short, and a hammer head cannot extend out for a long distance, so that the action range of the hammer head cannot completely cover the blank and only acts on the edge of the blank can be solved.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating the particular invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, wherein like reference numerals are used to designate like parts throughout the figures.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cake forging with a tailor-welded structure in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is another schematic structural diagram of a cake forging with a tailor-welded structure in the prior art;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a blank to be processed in the method for in-vitro forging of a cake forging according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a blank in an in-vitro forging method of a cake forging according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of a positional relationship between a blank and an upright post and a tooling auxiliary tool of forging equipment in the in-vitro forging method for a cake forging according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a blank in a method for in-vitro forging a cake forging according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a front view of a tooling auxiliary tool used in the method for in-vitro forging of a cake forging according to the first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a front view of a tool auxiliary elastic box used in the method for in-vitro forging of a cake forging according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1-a beam body; 2-a hammer head; 3-forging the platform; 4-a movable cross beam; 5-connecting the upper beam body; 6-lower beam body connecting plate; 7-blank; 71-in-vivo forging zone; 72-an in vitro forging zone; 8-a flexible box; 81-box body; 82-a box cover; 83-a spring; 84-guide pillars; 85-spring guide cylinder; 86-guide post guide cylinder; 87-upper box connection plate; 88-lower box connecting plate; 9-upper hammer head connecting plate; 10-lower hammer head connecting plate; 11-a rotating platform; 12-upright post.
Detailed Description
The preferred invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, and which together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention.
In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the term "connected" should be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection, which may be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, which may be a direct connection, or an indirect connection via an intermediate medium.
The terms "top," "bottom," "above … …," "below," and "on … …" as used throughout the description are relative positions with respect to components of the device, such as the relative positions of the top and bottom substrates inside the device. It will be appreciated that the devices are multifunctional, regardless of their orientation in space.
The general working surface of the invention can be a plane or a curved surface, can be inclined or horizontal. For convenience of explanation, the embodiments of the present invention are placed on a horizontal plane and used on the horizontal plane, and are defined as "high and low" and "up and down".
Example one
The embodiment provides an in-vitro forging method of a cake forging, and referring to fig. 3 to 8, the method comprises the following steps:
smelting the raw materials to obtain a steel ingot;
cogging the steel ingot to obtain a blank 7;
the upper end face of a beam body 1 of the auxiliary tool is connected with a movable cross beam 4 of forging equipment, one end of the beam body 1 is a forging side, a hammer head 2 is arranged on the forging side of the beam body 1, the other end of the beam body 1 is a non-forging side, the non-forging side of the beam body 1 is connected with a mounting surface of the forging equipment, a forging platform 3 is arranged under the hammer head 2, a blank 7 is arranged on the forging platform 3, and the forging side of the beam body 1 is positioned outside the forging equipment;
and (3) starting forging equipment, rotating the forging side around the non-forging side in the moving process of the movable cross beam 4, and forging the blank 7 by the hammer head 2 to obtain the cake-shaped forging.
Specifically, the tool assistive device comprises a beam body 1, a hammer head 2 and a forging platform 3, wherein one side, connected with the hammer head 2, of the beam body 1 is defined as a forging side, the other side of the beam body 1 is defined as a non-forging side, namely, the hammer head 2 is arranged on the forging side of the beam body 1, the non-forging side is connected with a mounting surface of forging equipment, the forging platform 3 is arranged under the hammer head 2, and the beam body 1 and a movable cross beam 4 form a shoulder pole beam; in the activity process of movable cross beam 4, the forging side rotates around the non-forging side, and the movable cross beam 4 of forging and pressing equipment can transmit the load applied to the beam body 1 from the inside of the forging and pressing equipment to the forging side outside the forging and pressing equipment, the hammer 2 forges the blank 7 on the forging platform 3, and the hammer 2 and the forging platform 3 act together to enable the blank 7 to deform, thereby realizing the external forging of the cake-shaped forging.
Compared with the prior art, the in-vitro forging method of the cake forging provided by the embodiment is characterized in that the upper end face of the beam body 1 is connected with the movable cross beam 4 of the forging equipment through the arrangement of the beam body 1, the forging side rotates around the non-forging side in the moving process of the movable cross beam 4 to form the carrying pole beam, compared with the movable cross beam 4, the moving distance of the forging side is larger than that of the movable cross beam 4, the forging forming process is moved to the outside of the forging equipment, so that the limit of the structural size (such as span and the distance between the stand columns 12) of the forging equipment can be avoided, and the ultra-large cake forging exceeding the span is integrally formed in a free forging mode.
Considering that the steel ingot is lost in the processing process, a certain loss amount needs to be reserved, and for example, the weight ratio of the steel ingot to the cake forging is 1.2-1.8 (for example, 1.5), so that the water riser cutting amount and the fire loss of each fire number in the processes of upsetting blanking and cogging of the steel ingot can be effectively compensated by reserving the certain loss amount.
It should be noted that the purpose of cogging is to make the structure of the steel ingot uniform, and to convert the as-cast structure generated in the solidification process of the steel ingot into an equiaxial structure, and weld the holes inside the steel ingot, so as to improve the compactness of the obtained cake forging, and the cogging comprises the following steps:
and sequentially carrying out pressing jaw, upsetting, drawing (for example KD drawing) and cutting jaw blanking on the steel ingot, wherein the cake forging is a solid forging, and the upsetting (upsetting and drawing) can ensure the core flaw detection quality of the produced cake forging.
Illustratively, in the cogging process, the upsetting ratio and the drawing-out ratio are controlled to be 2.2-2.5.
It is worth noting that the existing cake forging is formed between the upright columns 12 of the forging equipment, the size of the finally formed blank is smaller than the distance between the upright columns 12, and the blank can be pulled back and forth along with the platform to adjust the relative position between the blank and the hammer head in the forming process, therefore, the forming process of each position can be omitted in the forming process, the water feeder head of the steel ingot is cut off for blanking, the cover plate is firstly used for upsetting, then the flat hammer head is used for rotary forging, the middle part of the rotary forging is turned for 180 degrees, so that the deformation dead zones of two sides of the blank are deformed to a certain extent, and the final forming of the blank is completed. For the cake forging with the finally formed blank diameter larger than the interval of 12 upright columns of the forging equipment, on the basis of the existing forging equipment conditions, in order to realize the integral forming of the cake forging, an external forging technology is needed, namely, an external forging tool auxiliary tool is adopted to transmit the load of the forging equipment to the outside of the forging equipment, so that the cake forging realizes the forming process of the last fire in vitro. Based on the manufacturability of in-vitro forging and the characteristics of a tool auxiliary tool, the manufacture of the cake forging is different from the traditional manufacturing process, because the diameter of the blank is larger than the distance between the upright posts 12, the last fire formed is limited by the space, the length of the main bearing beam cannot be too long, the hammer head cannot extend out of a long distance, the action range of the hammer head cannot completely cover the blank, and only the hammer head can act on the edge of the blank. In view of the above, the size of the blank 7 required for the forming fire needs to be designed reasonably to meet the requirements of final forming. Therefore, as for the structure of the blank 7, specifically, the structure includes an inner forging region 71 and an outer forging region 72 located at the edge of the inner forging region 71, the thickness of the inner forging region 71 is smaller than that of the outer forging region 72, the thickness h of the inner forging region 71 is the final size of forming the cake-like forging, and the sectional shape of the blank 7 along the axial direction is an i-shape, that is, the shape of the blank 7 is a shape with a thin middle and a thick periphery. In practice, the in-vivo forging region 71 of the blank 7 is completed in a forging device (for example, a free forging liquid press, a crank press, a screw press, a friction press or a forging hammer), the in-vitro forging region 72 of the blank 7 is completed outside the forging device, and in the in-vitro forging process of the blank 7, the in-vitro forging region 72 of the blank 7 is forged by the hammer head 2 only to reduce the thickness of the in-vitro forging region 72 to the final size for forming the cake-shaped forging. Like this, blank 7 is divided into the internal forging district 71 that accomplishes in forging equipment and the external forging district 72 that accomplishes outside forging equipment, that is to say, the forging of cake class forging divide into internal forging and external forging two processes, like this, in the forming process of cake class forging, only need to forge the external forging district 72 of blank 7 can to can solve the length of the roof beam body 1 short excessively, tup 2 can't stretch out the further distance and then lead to the unable whole blanks 7 that cover of scope of action of tup 2, can only act on the marginal problem of blank 7.
In order to further facilitate the forging of the billet 7, the outer diameter D of the outer forging region of the billet 7 (i.e. the diameter of the whole billet 7) is smaller than the distance between the columns 12 of the forging device, and the difference between the distance between the columns 12 and the outer diameter D of the outer forging region of the billet 7 is 100-150 mm. The external forging area external diameter D of the blank 7 is limited in the above range, so that the overall diameter of the blank 7 can be increased as much as possible, the requirement of external forging of ultra-large cake forgings is met, the blank 7 can be conveniently taken and placed from forging equipment, and the blank 7 is prevented from colliding with the upright post 12 of the forging equipment when being moved out of the forging equipment.
For the in-vivo forging zone diameter d, it is calculated, in particular, using the following formula:
wherein D is2For the column spacing, m, L, of forging apparatus2The transverse distance from the extension of the upright column to the center of the forging equipment, m and L1 are the transverse distances from the hammer head of the tool auxiliary tool for in-vitro forging to the center of the forging equipment, and m and D are the final diameters of the blank.
For the thickness H of the in-vitro forging zone, the following formula is adopted to calculate according to the diameter d of the in-vivo forging zone obtained by the calculation and the volume invariance principle:
wherein V is the final volume formed by the cake forging, m3D is the final diameter of the blank, m, H is the thickness of the in-vivo forging zone, m, H is the thickness of the in-vitro forging zone, m.
In summary, the main dimensional parameters of the blank 7 formed by the cake forging provided in this embodiment are the thickness H of the in-body forging region, the diameter D of the in-body forging region, the thickness H of the out-body forging region, and the outer diameter D of the in-body forging region of the blank 7, which can all be determined by the above method, so as to obtain the overall dimensional parameters of the blank 7, it should be noted that, since the out-body forging region 72 is disposed at the edge of the in-body forging region 71, the inner diameter of the out-body forging region is equal to the diameter D of the in-body forging region.
It should be noted that, in the external forging, besides the requirement of the minimum forming force, it is also necessary to control the flowing state of the metal to avoid the metal in the external forging region 72 of the blank 7 from flowing to the internal forging region, which would form severe folds, which is a big problem in the process control of the external forging method, and in the external forging, the reduction of the pressure would increase the forging difficulty, and if the forging is started from the edge of the external forging region 72, the metal at this position is limited inside and outside, and the forming force cannot meet the requirement. Therefore, when the blank 7 with the structure is used for in-vitro forging of the cake forging, the forging of the blank 7 by the hammer head 2 comprises the following steps: forging is carried out according to circles from the edge of the external forging area 72 of the blank 7, and the pressing amount of each circle is 85 mm-110 mm.
In order to fully forge the external forging area 72, the overlapping amount of the hammerheads 2 can be controlled, specifically, the overlapping amount of the hammerheads 2 in two adjacent circles is 1/3-1/2 of the width of the hammerhead 2.
Alternatively, the moving amount of the forging table 3 may be controlled, specifically, the ratio of the moving amount of the forging table to the hammer head width in two adjacent turns is 1/2 to 3/4.
The blank 7 may be produced by the following method:
step 1: upsetting an original blank in forging equipment, widening (for example, spinning widening) by using a flat hammer head to obtain a blank to be processed, wherein in the upsetting process, upsetting can be carried out to the maximum diameter which can be upset by the maximum load of the forging equipment, and for ten-thousand-ton forging equipment, upsetting can be carried out to the diameter of 4.5-5.0 m generally;
step 2: the central region of the billet to be processed is forged to form an in-body forged region 71, and the unrecessed and finished portion is an in-body forged region 72, thereby producing a billet 7.
Specifically, in step 1 of the method for manufacturing the blank 7, the widening includes the steps of:
step 11: preliminarily widening the blank after upsetting to obtain a preliminarily widened blank, and reserving a bulge (for example, a cylindrical bulge) at the center of the preliminarily widened blank;
step 12: and flattening the bulge by adopting a flat cover plate.
The widening method is favorable for clearing deformation dead zones generated in the process.
To further promote the elimination of deformation dead zones, the diameter D of the projectionstWith preliminary widening of the diameter D of the blankcThe ratio of 1: 2-5 (e.g., 1: 3), the thickness H of the protrusiontWith preliminary widening of the thickness H of the blankc(thickness not including projection) ratio of 1: 2 to 5 (e.g., 1: 3).
For step 2, it comprises the following steps:
step 21: the method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out notching on one surface of a blank to be processed by adopting a strip-shaped hammer head (namely a double-fan-shaped hammer head), so that the diameter of the blank is rapidly increased, then carrying out finishing by adopting a round hammer head, and obtaining a single-surface notched blank, wherein the diameter of the single-surface notched blank reaches the maximum blank size which can be forged in a water forging device body after the firing is finished;
step 22: turning the blank with the concave on the single surface by 180 degrees, arranging a bottom pad on the concave pad on the single surface, and dislocating the other surface of the blank to be processed by adopting a circular hammer to form an in-vivo forging area 71, wherein the part without concave opening and finished part is an in-vitro forging area 72, so as to prepare the blank 7.
The reason is that the strip-shaped hammer head notching and circular hammer head finishing mode is adopted in the step 3, so that the surface quality of the single-side notched blank after finishing can be improved, and notching and finishing efficiency can be improved.
In order to ensure that the position of the hammer receiving in each pass can be pressed in the next pass and avoid the situation of position pressure leakage, in the process of notching, the rotation angle of each pass of the strip-shaped hammer head is 0 degree, 90 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 22.5 degrees, 90 degrees, 45 degrees, 90 degrees, 11.25 degrees, 90 degrees, 45 degrees and 90 degrees in sequence, wherein each pass is a step hammer period, a symmetrical pressing hammer is adopted in each step hammer period, and the pressing amount of each pass is 80-100 mm. Therefore, by adopting the step hammer mode, the position of the hammer connected in each pass can be ensured to be pressed in the next pass, and the condition of position pressure leakage is avoided.
It is worth noting that, in the moving process of the movable cross beam 4, the moving of the movable cross beam 4 is up-and-down movement, the moving of the beam body 1 is up-and-down movement and rotation composite movement, in order to make up the movement difference between the movable cross beam 4 and the beam body 1, the tool assistive device further comprises a beam body connecting piece, the movable cross beam 4 is connected with the beam body 1 through the beam body connecting piece, specifically, the beam body connecting piece comprises an upper beam body connecting plate 5 and a lower beam body connecting plate 6 hung below the upper beam body connecting plate 5, the upper beam body connecting plate 5 is in cylindrical surface contact with the lower beam body connecting plate 6, the upper beam body connecting plate 5 is fixedly connected with the movable cross beam 4, and the lower beam body connecting plate 6 is fixedly connected with the beam body 1. Like this, through set up roof beam body connecting piece between movable cross beam 4 and roof beam body 1, the face of cylinder between roof beam body connecting plate 5 and the underbeam body connecting plate 6 slides in the roof beam body connecting piece, can compensate the motion difference between movable cross beam 4 and the roof beam body 1, make roof beam body 1 and movable cross beam 4 follow-up, realize the swing and the rotation of certain range, turn into cylinder flexonics with the rigid connection between roof beam body 1 and movable cross beam 4, avoid movable cross beam 4 and roof beam body 1 to produce too big strong moment of torsion in the junction.
In order to ensure the smoothness of the sliding cylindrical surface between the upper beam connecting plate 5 and the lower beam connecting plate 6, the convex radius of the upper beam connecting plate 5 is smaller than the concave radius of the lower beam connecting plate 6, and exemplarily, the ratio of the convex radius of the upper beam connecting plate 5 to the concave radius of the lower beam connecting plate 6 is 0.9 to 0.98: 1. this is because, the ratio of the convex radius of the upper beam connecting plate 5 to the concave radius of the lower beam connecting plate 6 is limited within the above range, and not only can the smoothness of sliding between the upper beam connecting plate 5 and the lower beam connecting plate 6 be ensured, but also the contact area between the upper beam connecting plate 5 and the lower beam connecting plate 6 can be ensured, thereby effectively resisting impact load.
It is worth noting that the convex radius design of the upper beam connecting plate 5 depends on the maximum offset center distance of the forging equipment and the maximum inclination angle of the bearing plate, and the larger the maximum inclination angle is, the larger the required convex radius of the upper beam connecting plate 5 is, specifically, the convex radius of the upper beam connecting plate 5 is calculated by the following formula:
δ＝R×sinα
delta is the maximum unbalance loading center distance of forging equipment, R is the convex radius of the upper beam body connecting plate 5, and alpha is the maximum inclination angle of the bearing plate.
It is also worth noting that the motion of the beam body 1 is rotation, in order to ensure that the working surface of the hammer head 2 can better contact with the blank 7, the tool auxiliary device further comprises a hammer head connecting piece, the hammer head 2 is connected with the forging side of the beam body 1 through the hammer head connecting piece, particularly, the hammer head connecting piece comprises an upper hammer head connecting plate 9 and a lower hammer head connecting plate 10 hung below the upper hammer head connecting plate 9, the upper hammer head connecting plate 9 is in spherical contact with the lower hammer head connecting plate 10, the upper hammer head connecting plate 9 is fixedly connected with the forging side of the beam body 1, and the lower hammer head connecting plate 10 is fixedly connected with the hammer head 2. This is because, cake class forging highly reduces gradually at the deformation in-process, increase along with the decrement of tup 2, roof beam body 1 can take place the tilting of certain degree, through set up the tup connecting piece between the forging side at tup 2 and roof beam body 1, the sphere between the upper and lower tup connecting plate 9 of tup connecting piece slides, can turn into cylinder flexonics with the rigid connection between the forging side of tup 2 and roof beam body 1, make tup 2 can take place the swing of certain degree, guarantee the forging face of the axis perpendicular to blank 7 of tup 2, be surface contact between the working face of tup 2 and the forging face of blank 7, improve the quality of forging obtained cake class forging.
In order to guarantee the gliding smoothness nature of sphere between last tup connecting plate 9 and the lower tup connecting plate 10, the convex surface radius of above-mentioned last tup connecting plate 9 is less than the concave surface spherical radius of lower tup connecting plate 10, and exemplarily, the convex surface radius of going up tup connecting plate 9 is 0.9 ~ 0.98 with the concave surface spherical radius's of lower tup connecting plate 10 ratio: 1. this is because, inject the convex surface radius of last tup connecting plate 9 and the concave surface spherical radius of lower tup connecting plate 10 in above-mentioned within range, not only can guarantee to go up the gliding smoothness nature of sphere between tup connecting plate 9 and the lower tup connecting plate 10, can also guarantee to go up the area of contact of tup connecting plate 9 and lower tup connecting plate 10 to effective impact load.
For the connection between the non-forging side of the beam body 1 and the mounting surface of the forging equipment, in order to buffer the impact on the non-forging side, the tool assistive device further comprises an elastic box 8, and the non-forging side of the beam body 1 is supported on the mounting surface of the forging assistive device through the elastic box 8. Like this, through the setting of elastic box 8, when the down motion of movable beam 4 and when exerting load to roof beam body 1, the non-forging side of roof beam body 1 can earlier contact with elastic box 8, elastic box 8 can carry out the flexible support to the non-forging side of roof beam body 1, elastic deformation through elastic box 8 can cushion the impact that the non-forging side received, thereby avoid assisting the utensil emergence fracture by the frock that the impact leads to, play the effect that the utensil is assisted to the protection frock, the life of utensil is assisted to the extension frock.
As for the structure of the spring case 8, specifically, it includes a case 81, a case cover 82, a spring 83 (for example, the spring 83 includes a plurality of disc springs arranged in the axial direction of the spring 83, the plurality of disc springs constitute a set of spring 83), and a guide post 84, one end of the guide post 84 is supported on the bottom of the case 81 by the spring 83, the case cover 82 is covered on the other end of the guide post 84 with a gap between the case 81 and the case cover 82, the case 81 is provided on the mounting surface of the forging apparatus, and the non-forging side of the beam body 1 is supported on the case cover 82. Thus, the cover 82 is supported on the case 81 by the spring 83 and the guide post 84 with a certain clearance from the case 81, and when the movable cross member 4 moves downward and applies a load to the beam body 1, the spring 83 is shortened to move the cover 82 in a direction approaching the case 81, and when the movable cross member 4 moves upward and does not apply a load to the beam body 1, the spring 83 is lengthened to move the cover 82 in a direction away from the case 81, and the elastic deformation of the elastic case 8 is imparted by providing the spring 83 between the case 81 and the cover 82.
Considering that the deformation direction of the spring 83 and the moving direction of the guide post 84 affect the motion stability of the box cover 82 and the non-forging side of the beam body 1, the spring box 8 further includes a spring guide 85 disposed in the box body 81 and a guide post guide 86 disposed in the box cover 82, the spring 83 is partially disposed in the spring guide 85, the other end of the guide post 84 is inserted into the guide post guide 86, and as for the shapes of the spring guide 85 and the guide post guide 86, the shapes of both may be cylindrical, for example. Like this, can lead the deformation direction of spring 83 through spring guide cylinder 85, reduce rocking and the slope of spring 83 in deformation process, can lead the direction of motion of guide pillar 84 through guide pillar guide cylinder 86, reduce rocking and the slope of guide pillar 84 in the motion process to can guarantee the motion stability of case lid 82 and the non-forging side of roof beam body 1.
It should be noted that, during the movement of the movable cross beam 4, there is also a torque between the beam 1 and the elastic box 8, and therefore, the above-mentioned auxiliary tool for a tool further includes a box connecting member, the non-forged side of the beam 1 is connected to the elastic box 8 through the box connecting member, specifically, the box connecting member includes an upper box connecting plate 87 and a lower box connecting plate 88 hung below the upper box connecting plate 87, the upper box connecting plate 87 and the lower box connecting plate 88 are in cylindrical surface contact, the upper box connecting plate 87 is fixedly connected to the non-forged side of the beam 1, and the lower box connecting plate 88 is fixedly connected to the elastic box 8 (i.e., the box cover 82). Like this, through set up the box connecting piece between the non-forging side of roof beam body 1 and elastic box 8, the face of cylinder between middle and upper box connecting plate 87 of box connecting piece and lower box connecting plate 88 slides, can compensate the motion difference between the non-forging side of roof beam body 1 and elastic box 8, make the non-forging side of roof beam body 1 and elastic box 8 follow-up, realize swing and rotation of certain range, turn into cylinder flexonics with the rigid connection between the non-forging side of roof beam body 1 and elastic box 8, avoid the non-forging side of roof beam body 1 and elastic box 8 to produce too big strong moment of torsion in the junction.
In order to ensure the smoothness of the cylindrical surface sliding between the upper box connecting plate 87 and the lower box connecting plate 88, the convex radius of the upper box connecting plate 87 is smaller than the concave radius of the lower box connecting plate 88, and illustratively, the ratio of the convex radius of the upper box connecting plate 87 to the concave radius of the lower box connecting plate 88 is 0.9-0.98: 1. this is because, by limiting the ratio of the convex radius of the upper tank connecting plate 87 to the concave radius of the lower tank connecting plate 88 within the above range, not only can the smoothness of the sliding of the cylindrical surface between the upper tank connecting plate 87 and the lower tank connecting plate 88 be ensured, but also the contact area between the upper tank connecting plate 87 and the lower tank connecting plate 88 can be ensured, thereby effectively resisting the impact load.
In order to forge each part of the blank 7, the auxiliary tool further comprises a rotating platform 11 for driving the blank 7 to rotate, wherein the rotating platform 11 is arranged on one side of the forging platform 3 and obliquely below the hammer head 2. That is, the rotary platform 11 is only used for supporting and rotating the blank 7, and the rotary platform 11 does not bear the load of the hammer head 2 during forging of the blank 7 by the hammer head 2. Illustratively, the rotary platform 11 may be rotated in a pneumatic, hydraulic or externally-powered transmission.
Considering that the forging platform 3 is in a stationary state and the rotating platform 11 is in a rotating state during the forging process, in order to avoid interference between the two, the side of the forging platform 3 facing the rotating platform 11 is conformal with the rotating platform 11. Illustratively, the shape of the rotary platform 11 is circular, the diameter of the rotary platform 11 is smaller than that of the blank 7, the forging platform 3 is arc-shaped towards the rotary platform 11, and the entire shape of the forging platform 3 may be crescent-shaped. Thus, during the rotation of the rotary platform 11, the forging platform 3 does not interfere with the rotation of the rotary platform 11; in addition, the forging platform 3 and the rotating platform 11 which are in the structure can reduce the diameter of the rotating platform 11, and effectively solve the problem of how to place the blank 7 on the table top of the rotary table when the door-shaped hanging material is fed.
It should be noted that, in the past, all parts of the tool auxiliary tool for forging are rigidly connected, and the loss to the forging equipment and the tool auxiliary tool is large, in the external forging method of cake forging provided by this embodiment, through the arrangement of the beam body connecting piece, the hammer head connecting piece and the box body connecting piece, the beam body 1 and the movable cross beam 4, the hammer head 2 and the elastic box 8 are all in spherical surface or cylindrical surface contact, and the connections between the beam body 1 and the movable cross beam 4, and between the hammer head 2 and the elastic box 8 can be all converted into flexible connections, so that the relative sliding and rotation between the four parts are ensured, while force transmission is realized, the stability and the high efficiency of the tool auxiliary tool are ensured to the maximum, and a technical guarantee is provided for realizing the engineering application of external forging and the mass production of ultra-large cake forging.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An in-vitro forging method of a cake forging is characterized by comprising the following steps:
smelting the raw materials to obtain a steel ingot;
cogging the steel ingot to obtain a blank;
connecting the upper end face of a beam body of forging equipment with a movable cross beam of the forging equipment, wherein one end of the beam body is a forging side, the hammer head is arranged on the forging side of the beam body, the other end of the beam body is a non-forging side, the non-forging side of the beam body is connected with an installation surface of the forging equipment, a forging platform of the forging equipment is arranged right below the hammer head, a blank is arranged on the forging platform, and the forging side of the beam body is positioned outside an area defined by upright columns of the forging equipment;
and (4) starting forging equipment, rotating the forging side around the non-forging side in the moving process of the movable cross beam, and forging the blank by the hammer head to obtain the cake-shaped forging.
2. The method for forging cake forgings in vitro as claimed in claim 1, wherein during the movement of the movable beam, the forging side rotates around the non-forging side, the beam body and the movable beam form a shoulder beam, the load applied to the beam body by the movable beam is transmitted to the hammer head on the forging side of the beam body, and the hammer head forges the blank.
3. The method for in-vitro forging of a cake forging according to claim 1, wherein the blank comprises an in-vivo forging zone and an in-vitro forging zone located at the edge of the in-vivo forging zone;
the thickness of the internal forging area is smaller than that of the external forging area, and the thickness of the internal forging area is the final size of the cake-shaped forge piece;
the section shape of the blank along the axial direction is I-shaped.
4. The in-vitro forging method of the cake forging as claimed in claim 3, wherein the step of forging the blank by the hammer head comprises the following steps: the ring-by-ring forging is started from the edge of the external forging zone of the blank.
5. The in-vitro forging method of the cake forging piece as claimed in claim 4, wherein in two adjacent circles, the overlapping amount of the hammerheads is 1/3-1/2 of the width of the hammerhead;
or in two adjacent circles, the ratio of the moving amount of the forging platform to the width of the hammer head is 1/2-3/4.
6. The in-vitro forging method of the cake forging as claimed in claim 3, wherein the manufacturing method of the blank comprises the following steps:
step 1: upsetting and widening an original blank in forging equipment to obtain a blank to be processed;
step 2: and forging the central area of the blank to be processed to form an in-vivo forging area, wherein the non-dented and finished part is an in-vitro forging area, thereby obtaining the blank.
7. The in-vitro forging method of the cake forging as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the step 1, the broadening comprises the following steps:
step 11: preliminarily widening the original blank after upsetting to obtain a preliminarily widened blank, and reserving a bulge at the center of the preliminarily widened blank;
step 12: and flattening the bulge.
8. The method of in vitro forging of a cake forging of claim 7, wherein the ratio of the diameter of said protrusions to the diameter of the preliminary widened blank is 1: 2-5;
the ratio of the thickness of the protrusion to the thickness of the primary widening blank is 1: 2 to 5.
9. The in-vitro forging method of the cake forging as claimed in claim 6, wherein the step 2 comprises the following steps:
step 21: carrying out notching on one side of a blank to be processed by adopting a strip-shaped hammer head, and then carrying out finishing to obtain a blank with a notched single side;
step 22: turning the blank with the concave on one side for 180 degrees, padding a bottom pad on the concave on one side, performing offset displacement on the other side of the blank to be processed by adopting a circular hammer to form an in-vivo forging area, and taking the part without concave and finished as an in-vitro forging area to obtain the blank.
10. The in vitro forging method of the cake forging according to claim 9, wherein the rotation angle of each pass of the strip-shaped hammer head in the notching process is 0 °, 90 °, 45 °, 90 °, 22.5 °, 90 °, 45 °, 90 °, 11.25 °, 90 °, 45 ° and 90 ° in sequence.
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| CN114346159A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-04-15 | 上海交通大学 | External forging equipment for large disc type component and forging method thereof |
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