CN113614375B - 用于在肠内或其他输液装置中输送剩余液体的方法 - Google Patents

用于在肠内或其他输液装置中输送剩余液体的方法 Download PDF

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CN113614375B
CN113614375B CN202080023313.2A CN202080023313A CN113614375B CN 113614375 B CN113614375 B CN 113614375B CN 202080023313 A CN202080023313 A CN 202080023313A CN 113614375 B CN113614375 B CN 113614375B
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liquid
pumping mechanism
flush mode
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patient
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CN113614375A (zh
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杰弗里·T.·朱瑞蒂赫
杰弗里·D.·盖斯勒
约翰·培根
大卫·索恩
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Zevex Inc
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F04B43/12Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having peristaltic action
    • F04B43/1253Machines, pumps, or pumping installations having flexible working members having peristaltic action by using two or more rollers as squeezing elements, the rollers moving on an arc of a circle during squeezing
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    • F04B49/00Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
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Abstract

一种用于根据预定的治疗协议向患者输送液体的减少浪费的泵送系统和方法,其特征在于在泵送机构的治疗结束停止后由处理器可执行的存储的冲洗模式例程,由此,泵送机构被操作以将给药设备的下游管中剩余的残余液体输送至患者,以防止残余液体被浪费或以不安全的速率被手动输注。

Description

用于在肠内或其他输液装置中输送剩余液体的方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2019年3月22日提交的美国临时专利申请NO.62/822,458的优先权和利益,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本公开涉及医疗输液泵领域,例如肠内喂养泵和静脉药物泵,用于以受控方式向患者输送液体。
背景技术
用于根据预定的液体输送参数向患者输送营养液体和药物的可编程输液泵被广泛使用。一种类型的医疗泵是蠕动泵,蠕动泵沿着给药设备的柔性连接管布置,将液体从液体源运送至患者。蠕动泵具有泵送机构,用于逐步挤压管的连续部分,以致使流体沿朝向患者的流动方向流经管。在常规布置中,泵送机构可以包括马达驱动轮,马达驱动轮具有与围绕轮的周向部分布置的管段接合的径向指状物或滚柱。在轮旋转时,液体经过管被泵送至患者。围绕泵轮布置的管段可以通过给药设备的设计用于在泵的通道或容纳部中接收的匣盒被保持为U形构造。匣盒可以提供端子,用于将来自液体源的管的引入管路和通向患者的管的引出管路连接到由泵接收的U形管段的相对端。使用线性和曲线性泵送机构而不是旋转泵送机构的其他泵构造也是已知的。从液体源延伸至泵送机构的管有时称为“上游”管,从泵送机构延伸至患者的管有时称为“下游”管。
作为一项安全特性,已知的是,在输液泵上提供空气在管路中(“AIL”)传感器,用于检测空气在管路中状态并触发警报以防止向患者输送空气。例如,AIL传感器可以包括布置为将超声波引导通过管的超声波发射器和位于管的与发射器的相对侧上的接收器,用于接收经过管及其携带的流体后的超声波。接收器生成输出信号,输出信号指示在超声波信号从发射器传输到接收器时其是经过液体还是空气。在流体被泵送经过管时,有规律地对AIL传感器输出进行采样,以观察通过传感器观察区的流体的每个增量体积,并且在空气的连续体积达到预定阈值时,识别出AIL状态。还可以评估AIL传感器信号,以在液体源处不再剩余液体时的确定治疗结束状态。可替换地或附加地,可以基于来自与液体源相关联的液位传感器或液体体积传感器的信号来确定治疗结束状态。
已知医疗泵的公认缺点是,通过泵控制器(例如,泵中的编程的微处理器)响应于由控制器基于来自上述AIL传感器和/或液体体积或液位传感器的信号做出的治疗结束决定,来命令泵马达停止,从而使一定量的液体滞留在管的下游部分。在某些情况下,滞留的残余液体可以通过使用泵的充注特性或通过重力充注而手动充注出剩余液体来输送至患者。但是,使用泵的充注特性或重力充注可能会以患者无法忍受的速率输送液体,这些方法需要医护人员充分注意,以将液体输送至下游管的端部,然后停止输送。在许多情况下,不是试图输送残余液体,医护人员不过是通过在残余液体仍留在下游管中的情况下处置使用过的给药设备浪费残余液体。浪费的液体通常是昂贵的营养或医药液体,或珍贵的母乳。
需要使下游管中的残余液体的输送对于医护人员而言更容易,并且对于患者而言更安全并且更易于接受。
发明内容
本公开提供了一种减少浪费的泵送系统和一种用于根据预定的治疗协议向患者输送液体的方法,治疗协议例如是以预定的输送速率对液体连续输注的协议。更具体地,该系统和方法实现冲洗模式例程的执行,以在达到在治疗结束状态后输送给药设备管中剩余的残余液体,该残余液体在此之前可能已被浪费或以不安全的速率被手动输注至患者。
泵送系统通常可以包括液体的源、给药设备、泵送机构、处理器、与给药设备和/或源相关联的至少一个传感器,和包括由处理器可执行的存储的程序指令的至少一个存储器模块。
给药设备可以布置为将液体从源运送至患者,并且可以包括管段、从源连通至管段的上游管和从管段连通至患者的下游管。泵送机构可以布置为与给药设备的管段接合。泵送机构可以包括马达和马达控制器,马达可操作以致动至少一个泵送构件而使管段蠕动变形来迫使液体沿从上游管朝向下游管的方向经过管段,马达控制器向马达提供控制命令。至少一个传感器可以生成指示治疗结束状态的治疗结束信号,其中治疗结束信号被传输至处理器。
处理器可以连接至马达控制器,并且可以执行由至少一个存储器模块存储的程序指令,用于操作马达以控制泵送机构的操作。
根据本公开,存储的程序指令可以包括由处理器可执行的冲洗模式例程,以在冲洗模式下操作泵送机构,以在处理器接收到治疗结束信号后将下游管内存在的残余液体输送至患者。
输送方法通常可以包括,根据预定的治疗协议自动操作泵送机构,以通过给药设备将液体从源输送至患者;检测治疗结束状态,并在检测到治疗结束状态时自动停止泵送机构的操作;提示用户关于冲洗模式例程的执行,用于操作泵送机构以将给药设备中的残余液体输送至患者;以及响应于用户输入动作启动冲洗模式例程的执行。
附图说明
图1是根据本公开实施例形成的医疗输液泵送系统的示意性地展示;
图2是图1所示的泵送系统的输液泵的电子框图;
图3是示出根据本公开实施例的用于在泵处于冲洗模式时从给药设备的下游管输送残余液体的方法的流程图;
图4是示出根据本公开实施例的与冲洗模式相关联的泵的被编程行为的状态机图;和
图5是示出根据本公开实施例的在泵处于冲洗模式时泵的用户接口的功能的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1和图2示意性地描绘了实施本公开的可编程的输液泵10。输液泵10包括壳体12、泵轮或泵转子14和在壳体的外面上的匣盒容纳部16,以及连接到壳体以在匣盒容纳部和泵轮上方打开和关闭的门(未示出)。如图1所示,给药设备18可以与用于将流体从流体源19运送到患者的泵相关联地安装。给药设备可以包括从流体源19延伸到泵10的上游管4、从泵延伸到患者的下游管8、被接收在匣盒容纳部16中的匣盒5以及围绕泵轮14布置的U形管段6。匣盒5构造有连接端子5U和5D,用于将上游管4连接到管段6的上游端并且将下游管8连接到管段6的下游端,以完成从上游管到下游管的经过泵的流动路径。
泵轮14是泵送机构的部分,其可操作以致使流体以预定流动方向流经管。泵送机构还包括电动马达20,其连接到泵轮14并且可操作以使泵轮围绕其轴线旋转。泵轮14具有径向指状物或滚柱(未示出),其与围绕轮的周向部分布置的管段6接合。在泵轮14旋转时,管段6的连续部分逐步被挤压,以致使流体以朝向患者的流动方向流经管。输入流体的流速可以通过控制马达20的驱动速率和/或马达20以给定速率被驱动的时长来控制。本领域技术人员将理解,上述蠕动泵送机构的变形是可能的。例如,马达20可以驱动连接到并列布置的一系列平行的指状物或滚柱的凸轮构件,由此蠕动泵送作用被施加到管的直段,而不是如图1所示的管的弯曲段。本公开不限制于具体的泵送机构构造。
输液泵10可以包括在沿泵轮14上游的管段6的位置处的上游阻塞传感器22和在沿泵轮14下游的管段6的位置处的下游阻塞传感器24。上游传感器22和下游传感器24各自提供各自的传感器信号,传感器信号指示管中的相应局部流体压强。例如,上游传感器22和下游传感器24可以是传感器或应变计,传感器或应变计布置为与管段6的外壁接合以检测由管内流体压强引起的柔性管壁的偏移,并且提供与偏移成比例的电子信号。
输液泵10还包括空气在管路中(AIL)传感器26,用于检测传感器在给定时间观察到的流体体积是空气还是液体。在本实施例中,AIL传感器26可以包括超声波换能器,超声波换能器包括横向于管段6的一部分彼此相对的一对压电陶瓷元件26A和26B。一个陶瓷元件26A由微处理器30以扫过位于频率范围内的谐振的频率驱动。超声波能量被元件26A传递到管的一侧中,并且能量的一部分被另一侧上的元件26B接收。如果管中存在液体,元件26B接收到的超声波能量将大于预设比较器阈值,并且然后被转换为“高”逻辑电平。如果管中存在空气,传播超声波能量的介质密度较低,并且由元件26B产生的信号衰减到阈值以下,并且被转换为“低”逻辑电平。因此,在刚刚描述的实施例中,元件26B接收的超声波能量的振幅是用于确定管内液体和空气之间差异的主要原理。管可以干联接到AIL传感器元件26A和26B;即传感器的布置不要求使用超声波凝胶。作为超声波AIL检测的可替换方案,可以使用基于检测空气介质和液体介质的光学特性的AIL传感器。
输液泵10构造为允许用户选择和/或创建、并且然后运行输液治疗协议,输液治疗协议可以规定液体输送至患者的速率。协议可以是没有预限定的总剂量的“连续治疗”协议,或者协议可以进一步规定待输送至患者的液体的总量。输液泵10包括连接到用户接口32的微处理器30,用户接口32具有输入装置,例如键盘、开关和拨号控制。输液泵10还包括连接到微处理器30的显示器34。显示器34可以是有时作为用户接口32的一部分的触摸屏显示器。微处理器30连接到马达控制器36,用于驱动电动机20以执行所选的治疗协议。一个或更多个存储器模块38连接到微处理器30或与微处理器30集成,用于存储由微处理器可执行的用于控制泵操作的指令。存储的指令可以在软件例程中被组织。在存储的软件例程中有如下例程,即检测治疗结束状态,并且使用户能够在冲洗模式下操作泵10,以将下游管8内存在的残余液体输送至患者。下面详细描述这些例程。为了本公开的目的,微处理器30可以接收来自AIL传感器26的信号。可替换地或者附加地,微处理器30可以接收来自与液体源19相关联的液位或液体体积传感器(未示出)的信号。微处理器30还连接到上游阻塞传感器22和下游阻塞传感器24。模拟至数字转换电路23被示出,用于将来自阻塞传感器的模拟电压信号转换为数字形式以供微处理器30使用,然而,可以使用其他形式的阻塞传感器和微处理器接口。输液泵10还可以包括连接到微处理器30的音频信号发生器35。
图3-5一般性地示出了根据本公开的一个方面的与泵10的冲洗模式相关联的过程流程和逻辑。如框40中所示指示的,微处理器30可以编程为在确定已达到治疗结束状态时向用户呈现选择。如果来自AIL传感器26的信号指示超过预定阈值体积的空气连续体积已通过AIL传感器的询问区,则可以确定治疗结束状态。微处理器30可以编程为在发生这种情况时发出AIL警报。可替换地或附加地,治疗结束状态的确定可以基于液体源19中的液体体积或液位是否下降到阈值体积或液位以下。可以通过在显示器34上显示“确认冲洗”消息屏幕向用户呈现选择,提示用户通过按下特定的键或按钮(例如“+”按钮)来确认冲洗模式操作是所期望的。
在判定框42中,流程将根据用户按下用户接口32的哪个按钮而分支。例如,如果按下“+”按钮,泵10将进入冲洗模式,并且通过显示屏34显示“冲洗”屏幕,并且音频信号发生器35可以发出音频信号(例如蜂鸣音)。但是,如果用户按下“-”按钮、清除按钮或运行/暂停按钮,软件逻辑将治疗视为已完成并且不进入冲洗模式。
在泵10处于冲洗模式时,软件致使微处理器30超控AIL警报,并且命令马达控制器36操作马达20,以输送与预计剩余在下游管8中的液体体积对应的预定体积的液体。可以基于触发AIL警报所需空气的编程阈值体积和流经下游管8的内腔总体积计算预定的输送体积,其通过使用被授权并设计用于与泵10一起使用的给药设备18得知。例如,如果泵10是申请人用于婴儿喂养的INFINITY小体积肠内喂养泵,则可以将预定的输送体积设置为1.2毫升。
预定的输送体积可以在一次连续输送中被输送,直至完成。然而,以增量输送预定的输送体积可以是有利的,如图3中的框44所指示的,其中泵马达在输送一个增量后被命令停止。除非已输送所有增量,在这种情况下治疗结束,否则判断框46的分支流回判断框42,用于来自用户的进一步输入。这样,如果液体已经到达下游管8的端部,用户有机会取消进一步增量的输送。特别是母乳在从奶到空气的过渡处是泡沫状的,使得很难确定奶被泵送到管下多远。通过命令马达以增量输送残余液体,用户自觉地参与冲洗模式输送。在图3所示的示例中,能够以四个相等的增量输送总预定的输送体积。当然,微处理器30可以编程为使用不同数量的泵送增量,并且泵送增量的体积可以变化。
在马达20操作时,用户还可以通过按下运行/暂停按钮在冲洗模式下暂停输送,并且通过再次按下运行/暂停按钮恢复输送。
如果在泵以冲洗模式输送液体时检测到警报(如阻塞警报),泵送可以暂停,并且可以显示警报消息。在这种情况下,可以按下运行/暂停按钮以清除警报,并且再次按下以恢复冲洗模式泵送,直到输送完全部残余量。
剩余液体能够以编程的输送速率输送。泵也可以具有单独的编程速率以输送下游体积,或者剩余液体能够以与充注相同的速率输送。
一旦附加泵送完成,微处理器30可以编程为在显示器34上显示“冲洗完成”屏幕,并通过音频信号发生器35发出另一个音频信号(例如,另一个蜂鸣音)。如果示出“冲洗完成”屏幕,并且用户按下运行/暂停按钮,则编程指示可以将治疗视为结束。残余输送体积可以计入编程的总剂量体积。如果在冲洗模式操作期间达到总剂量体积,程序指令将通过致使微处理器发出马达停止命令来停止冲洗模式,并且软件将会将治疗视为结束。
可以理解,本公开可以适用于静脉(IV)泵。现在,下游管中的液体被丢弃。IV泵可以使用类似的算法以在检测AIL状态后输送下游管中的剩余液体。如果IV泵需要特定剂量,则泵可以编程为输送该剂量减去给药设备充注体积的剂量,然后根据公开的冲洗模式输送剩余液体,以完成正确剂量。这将防止丢弃药物的下游体积的当前需要。
在另一个实施例中,微处理器30可以编程为在没有检测到AIL的情况下在用户的命令下进入冲洗模式。
可以使用冲洗切换机构以切换至水合状态,并且通过泵送水输送剩余营养,来替代使用当前在下游管8中的任何东西输送剩余营养。
在另一个实施例中,可以在下游管8的输送端或连接到患者的胃肠(GI)喂养管的开口处提供AIL传感器26,以向微处理器30提供信号,并且微处理器30可以编程为当在患者输送端处检测到预定阈值体积的空气时自动终止冲洗模式。
本公开教导了一种方法和配置为通过软件编程执行该方法的泵设备。本公开教导了泵控制算法,该算法允许医护人员使用下游管内最后剩余的液体。本文详细描述了本公开的方法和泵设备的示例性实施例,然而,本领域技术人员将认识到,在不偏离本公开范围的情况下可以进行修改。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于根据预定的治疗协议向患者输送液体的泵送系统,泵送系统包括:
液体的源;
给药设备,其用于将液体从源运送至患者,给药设备包括管段、从源连通至管段的上游管和从管段连通至患者的下游管;
泵送机构,其布置为与管段接合,泵送机构包括至少一个泵送构件、马达和马达控制器,马达可操作以致动至少一个泵送构件而使管段蠕动变形来迫使液体沿从上游管朝向下游管的方向流经管段,马达控制器向马达提供控制命令;
处理器,其连接到马达控制器;
显示器,其连接到处理器;
至少一个传感器,其与给药设备和/或源相关联,用于生成指示治疗结束状态的治疗结束信号,其中治疗结束信号传输到处理器;和
至少一个存储器模块,其包括由处理器可执行的存储的程序指令,用于操作马达以控制泵送机构的操作;
其中存储的程序指令包括由处理器可执行的冲洗模式例程,以在冲洗模式下操作泵送机构,以便在处理器接收到治疗结束信号后将下游管内存在的残余液体输送至患者,其中响应于用户输入动作启动冲洗模式例程的执行;
存储的程序指令包括由处理器可执行的治疗结束例程,以停止泵送机构的操作,并且在显示器上为用户输入动作提供提示,其中响应于治疗结束信号执行治疗结束例程;
冲洗模式例程的执行输送不超过与在响应于治疗结束信号停止泵送机构的操作后预计剩余在下游管中的液体的体积对应的预定体积的液体;并且
冲洗模式例程的执行输送预定体积的液体的第一增量部分,然后暂停泵送机构的操作,其中响应于另一个用户输入动作启动预定体积的液体的另一增量部分的输送,并且响应于用户输入取消动作执行冲洗模式例程的终止。
2.根据权利要求1所述的泵送系统,其中泵送机构、处理器和至少一个存储器模块是输液泵的部分,输液泵包括具有多个键或按钮的用户接口,其中用户输入动作是按下键或按钮中的一个。
3.根据权利要求1所述的泵送系统,其中响应于用户输入暂停动作,冲洗模式例程的执行暂停泵送机构的操作。
4.根据权利要求1所述的泵送系统,其中至少一个传感器包括与管段相关联的空气在管路中传感器。
5.根据权利要求1所述的泵送系统,其中至少一个传感器包括与液体源相关联的液位或液体体积传感器。
6.根据权利要求1所述的泵送系统,还包括空气在管路中传感器,其与下游管的远端相关联,并且连接至处理器,用于在空气在管路中传感器检测到预定阈值体积的空气时自动终止冲洗模式例程的执行。
7.一种用于根据预定的治疗协议向患者输送液体的方法,该方法包括:
根据预定的治疗协议自动操作泵送机构,以通过给药设备将液体从源输送到患者;
检测治疗结束状态,并在检测到治疗结束状态时自动停止泵送机构的操作;
提示用户关于冲洗模式例程的执行,用于操作泵送机构以将残余液体输送至患者,残余液体在当检测到治疗结束状态而停止泵送机构的操作后,存在于给药设备的位于泵送机构下游的下游管内;和
响应于用户输入动作启动冲洗模式例程的执行,
其中冲洗模式例程的执行输送不超过与在当检测到治疗结束状态而停止泵送机构的操作后预计剩余在下游管中的液体的体积对应的预定体积的液体;并且
冲洗模式例程的执行输送液体的预定体积的第一增量部分,然后暂停泵送机构的操作,其中响应于另一个用户输入动作启动液体的预定体积的另一增量部分的输送,并且响应于用户输入取消动作执行冲洗模式例程的终止。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中响应于用户输入暂停动作,冲洗模式例程的执行响暂停泵送机构的操作。
9.根据权利要求7所述的方法,还包括检测预定阈值体积的空气何时通过下游管的患者附近的远端部分,并且在检测到预定阈值体积的空气时自动终止冲洗模式例程的执行。
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