CN113613638A - 可吸入治疗剂 - Google Patents
可吸入治疗剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113613638A CN113613638A CN202080016111.5A CN202080016111A CN113613638A CN 113613638 A CN113613638 A CN 113613638A CN 202080016111 A CN202080016111 A CN 202080016111A CN 113613638 A CN113613638 A CN 113613638A
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- particles
- therapeutic agent
- mucolytic
- agent
- airway
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Abstract
一种用于治疗受试者的气道的治疗剂,其包含一种或多种类型或大小的颗粒,每种颗粒进而包含在其中容纳粘液溶解剂或另一种药物的可生物降解外壳。可以使用分散装置来递送计量剂量的粘液溶解剂,并且可以将所述分散装置配置为由受试者自身给药。将所述粘液溶解剂包封在脂质体制剂中可以防止过早氧化,并且在递送至上呼吸道或下呼吸道的目标位置时保持药物功效。
Description
交叉引用数据
本专利申请要求2019年2月22日提交的美国临时专利申请第62809316号的优先权日的权益,其名称为“作为治疗剂的小分子和大分子的特定吸入制剂”,将其通过引用完整并入本文。
背景技术
在不限制本发明范围的情况下,结合可吸入治疗剂来描述本发明的背景。更具体地说,本发明描述了用于治疗肺、气道和呼吸系统疾病的可吸入颗粒,其包含容纳在诸如脂质体制剂的可生物降解胶囊内的粘液溶解剂。
呼吸系统的主要功能是将空气吸入受试者的肺部,并允许与循环和灌注肺组织的血液进行气体交换。肺是人体最重要的呼吸器官,在这里有效且高效地进行必需的氧气和二氧化碳以及一氧化碳的正常气体交换。肺执行其气体交换功能,因为它直接接近和暴露于外部空气和环境,藉此进行这种气体交换。为了实现这一重要作用,肺上皮组织以水合粘液薄膜保持湿润,所述粘液包含各种蛋白质,除了其他蛋白质和酶以外,包括粘蛋白、生理阳离子和阴离子,比如钠、钾、钙、氯化物、碳酸氢盐、碳酸盐、磷酸盐等,它们的维持按含水克分子渗透压浓度计。
粘液运输系统是气道抵抗吸入碎片、细菌和其他传染原的基本防御。吸入的外来颗粒被截留在粘液层中,随后通过纤毛清除而被推出肺部。充分水合的粘液有助于这些外来物质的纤毛清除,并保持呼吸道受到保护。健康和正常肺中的粘液纤毛清除(MCC)是通过清除水合良好的粘液/液体的纤毛运动来促进的,并且也是通过诸如钠和氯转运系统的细胞离子转运系统来促进的。在缺乏足够的粘液水合作用和起作用的纤毛以及离子转运系统的情况下,粘液变得过度粘稠和粘着,形成“粘液栓”。这导致气道阻塞、不能正常呼吸(氧气交换不足)以及反复的肺部气道和耳部感染。反复感染引起永久性肺损伤,并可能导致呼吸衰竭。
各种呼吸系统疾病的最初原因可有不同,包括针对各种化合物、自由基、活性氧类(ROS)和其他物质(由于吸烟、毒素暴露、慢性呼吸道感染等)的环境暴露,以及遗传病因,比如囊性纤维化(CF)和原发性纤毛运动障碍(PCD)中的功能蛋白的突变。在各种呼吸系统和肺部疾病中,广泛确立的是,疾病的常见表现是正常粘液清除的缺乏或减少以及浓稠、粘稠和粘着的粘液或痰的形成。越来越高的粘稠和粘着的粘液或痰被认为是由慢性“氧化应激”的增加、粘液的水合和运动的缺乏引起的,其导致粘液状态的改变,其中一个常见要素是,通过多个分子间和分子内二硫键的形成,正常粘液蛋白质比如粘蛋白和其他蛋白质寡聚化。这与增加的非共价蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用偶联,由于增加的氢键键合和疏水的蛋白质间和蛋白质内相互作用,蛋白质结构进一步聚集。这些分子变化/相互作用由此增加了自然保持的粘液的弹性和粘度,导致自然粘液清除机制和系统的效率降低。由于纤毛(排列在呼吸器官上的微小毛发状结构)和相关蛋白质基因突变引起的离子转运蛋白的功能障碍,粘液清除也受到阻碍。总的来说,产生的蛋白质间和蛋白质内二硫键以及各种氢键键合、蛋白质-蛋白质亲水和疏水相互作用负责改变正常的粘液结构以及建立和维持蛋白质寡聚化,从而产生通常被称为“粘液栓”的网状蛋白质网络。此外,炎症过程,包括中性粒细胞向炎症部位募集、毒性暴露或感染,导致氧化环境增加并伴随细胞死亡,这进而使包括DNA、脂质、纤维蛋白和外来颗粒以及病原体的细胞碎片积累,导致浓稠的粘液,所述粘液由于太粘稠和粘着而不能正常流动和去除。MCC的减少进而起作用,使粘液栓加剧,并为呼吸道细菌生长提供了丰富的生长环境。这一连串的分子过程累积地导致慢性呼吸问题、反复的气道、肺部和鼻腔感染,并持续和发展为肺损伤。
结构改变和高度粘稠的粘液栓是多种肺部疾病比如原发性纤毛疾病(PCD)、囊性纤维化、支气管扩张、鼻窦炎、鼻鼻窦炎和慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)的主要表现,慢性阻塞性肺疾病是一个涵盖性术语,用于一系列广泛的肺病,比如肺气肿、支气管炎等)。聚集结构的粘液或痰改变了随疾病而变化的大分子组成和生物物理特性。这些疾病的根本原因基于遗传和环境因素而异,但所有这些疾病的共同特征是粘液清除减少,导致气道阻塞、细菌和病原体滞留、复发性感染和反复炎症。这进而逐渐损害肺部,并且可能最终引起呼吸衰竭或/和需要肺移植。
大多数这些疾病的当前护理标准(某些人群中的CF除外)仍然侧重于着手解决症状和并发症。这些标准包括:
·预防、控制和治疗肺部、鼻窦和耳部感染(口服和静脉注射抗生素和抗感染药物)
·使滞留的粘稠粘液和痰水合并将其清除。(水分吸入器和盐水支气管灌洗)
·减轻肿胀和炎症(皮质类固醇和支气管扩张剂)
·扩张气道以促进呼吸(支气管扩张剂)
·手动地或借助设备的CPT(胸部物理治疗)。
·外科手术(鼓膜造孔术、鼻窦手术、肺移植)
除手术之外,所有这些方法仅显示出边缘性或暂时的缓解,并且不能有效地解决浓稠的、粘稠的、粘着的粘液栓这个基本问题,而粘液栓是引起呼吸困难和细胞、颗粒碎片和病原体滞留、复发性感染以及不可逆和进行性肺损伤的罪魁祸首。
因此,非常需要一种安全、有效和可靠的治疗选择,比如本发明所述的组合物,其用于破坏负责蛋白质聚合/粘液栓形成的关键键,从而使粘稠的粘液流化,以解决和减轻许多罕见和常见的肺部和呼吸系统/肺疾病的基本问题,并且促进MCC。这将显著改善患有上述疾病的患者的生活质量。首先,它将使粘液流化并清除气道阻塞,改善气体交换并解决呼吸问题,其次,通过将病原体完全暴露于抗生素(以前被遮蔽在粘液栓中)来预防复发感染,从而使其他干预措施更有效,以及第三,预防永久性肺损伤。
还需要保护粘液溶解剂在递送到治疗部位时免于氧化。某些粘液溶解剂在到达其目标之前可能容易氧化,这可能降低其功效。这可以解释临床试验中的结果不一致。需要对粘液溶解剂提供免于氧化的保护,以使其效力最大化。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是,通过提供允许粘液有效溶解的新型可吸入治疗剂来克服现有技术的这些和其他缺点。
本发明的另一个目的是,提供被设计成以较低的药物剂量提供有效治疗的新型可吸入治疗剂,从而减少可能的副作用,并且允许在重复应用中进行多次给药。
本发明的一个另外的目的是,提供被配置为由医学专业人员给药或自身给药的新型可吸入治疗剂,从而使这样的治疗适合在家中进行递药。
本发明的又另一个目的是,提供被配置成在活性药物直接递送到气道目标部位之前保护该活性药物免于氧化和粘液溶解活性的丧失的新型治疗剂,从而保持其效力一直到其与目标部位发生即时相互作用。
在最基本的形式中,可将本发明描述为至少一种或几种可吸入颗粒。每个颗粒可包含容纳在一种或几种类型的可生物降解胶囊中的粘液溶解剂或另一种适合的活性治疗剂。根据气道疾患的具体类型,可以调节包括至少一种粘液溶解剂的治疗剂的数量和对应的浓度、针对每种治疗剂选择的可生物降解胶囊的类型以及可吸入颗粒的大小,以便将预期的药物治疗递送到气道的预期位置,从而有效地治疗潜在病症。
在实施方案中,可以将至少两种类型和/或大小的可吸入颗粒封装在单个分散装置中,所述分散装置被配置为基于预定的时间表在重复应用中由受试者自身给药。这样的可吸入颗粒中的至少一种可以包含粘液溶解剂,其在诸如脂质体制剂、微球、纳米颗粒或工程化喷雾颗粒的可生物降解胶囊内。
具体实施方式
以下说明阐述了不同的实例以及具体细节,以提供对所要求保护的主题的透彻理解。然而,本领域技术人员将理解,要求保护的主题可以在没有本文公开的一个或多个具体细节的情况下实施。此外,在一些情况下,没有详细说明众所周知的方法、程序、系统、组件和/或电路,以避免不必要地混淆要求保护的主题。在详细说明和权利要求书中所描述的说明性实施方案并不表示是限制性的。可以利用其他实施方案,并且可以做出其他改变,而不脱离此处呈现的主题的精神或范围。将容易理解的是,本公开的多个方面,如本文总体上描述的,可以以各种各样的不同配置进行排列、取代、组合和设计,所有这些情况都被明确设想到并构成本公开的一部分。
本发明旨在直接解决呼吸系统疾病的基础病理,即粘液栓、粘液纤毛清除降低及其随后的可吸入颗粒的后果,所述可吸入颗粒包含可生物降解外壳,所述外壳含有化合物的药物组合物,所述化合物由氨基酸衍生物、天然肽和合成肽、小分子、维生素和/或如下所述的蛋白水解酶和DNA裂解酶组成。这些分子可以被设计和选择为裂解二硫键和其他键,增加局部抗氧化剂浓度/电位,中断和破坏在聚集和改变的粘液蛋白质以及核酸和脂质中的氢键和疏水相互作用。此外,吸入的可生物降解颗粒可任选地被定制为含有药物、分子实体或其他药剂-它们单独地或以两种或更多种这些功能性药剂的各种组合封装在同一个外壳中或在具有相同或不同大小的独立外壳内。这些含有不同的药物/药剂的独立配制的外壳可任选地一起或依次在不同的时间施用,以增强它们在治疗中的单独有效性。
本发明包括通过任何一种或多种途径直接肺部给药的治疗剂和方法,所述途径包括鼻内、气管内和支气管滴注。可通过将可吸入脂质体、微球、纳米颗粒直接施用于肺部和呼吸道来递送本发明的颗粒。此外,可通过直接滴注、吸入、雾化吸入、气溶胶化(aerosolized)吸入或通过雾化、气溶胶化或吸入气道途径来运用本发明的可吸入颗粒。通过吸入或鼻内途径直接递送的方法设想了分散装置的使用,所述分散装置比如气溶胶化计量剂量吸入器、手持式便携式雾化器或压缩雾化器吸入装置,其能够通过吸入和/或鼻内途径递送包封药物的颗粒。此外,本发明的治疗剂颗粒可以干粉形式(比如用于计量吸入器)或液体形式(比如用于雾化器)储存。
在实施方案中,分散装置可包括这样的设备,所述设备包括压缩/加压可吸入气溶胶递送装置,并且任选地配备有用于监测患者依从性的智能数字测量的能力。这样的设备可包括,例如但不限于,脉动膜雾化器、振动网雾化器、小容积雾化器、压力计量剂量吸入器、干粉吸入器和能够吸入递送含有本发明颗粒的干粉或含有这些颗粒的液体溶液的类似设备。这样的分散装置可具有一个或多个独立的药物容纳室,所述药物容纳室含有如下所述的吸入颗粒,并且被配置为根据预定的时间表同时或依次施用这样的颗粒。
出于本说明书的目的,术语“外壳”、“胶囊”、“脂质体”、“制剂”和“包衣”可互换使用,以描述含有用于气道治疗的适合药物的可生物降解颗粒。术语“可生物降解的”在本文用于描述生物相容性材料,其在与气道组织接触后分解并释放在其内部的药物。活性药物从这些外壳中释放可以是立即释放、控制释放、持续释放和/或定时释放过程。另外,不同的颗粒可以组合在一起,以便按照预定的间隔开的时间表定时释放期望的药物。
在实施方案中,示例性脂质体递送媒介物可包括由脂质、磷脂、鞘脂、糖脂、长链脂肪酸和生物学上可接受的表面活性剂形成的封闭囊泡、胶体、双层结构,其形成具有不同大小和组成的脂质体。虽然特定的组合物可以是吸入脂质体制剂,但包封这些分子、化合物、药剂和/或酶可用于产生针对这些药物/药剂的生理学上相容的药物递送媒介物。
吸入脂质体制剂可以独特地定制并且直接施用于病理学上的呼吸部位的目标位置,从而避免当所述药物或药剂通过静脉内、动脉内、肌内或以口服制剂施用时引起的全身药物暴露。这进而可允许显著减少这些药剂的剂量,进而可减轻许多与之相关的副作用。
脂质体和纳米颗粒代表独特的药物载体,它们可以部位特异性地递送药物,同时保护药物免于与环境(血液、代谢、暴露于空气等)的相互作用)。正因为如此,这些载体适合于保护粘液溶解剂或另一种选择的药物免于过早氧化,从而保持其效力一直到药物在目标部位释放。对于脂质体的结构/制剂,固有的是某些磷脂、表面活性剂和其他水性赋形剂分子。当递送到靶向部位时,这些成分可以通过破坏这些蛋白质内部和之间的疏水相互作用来进一步液化粘液,并且使粘液渗透穿过脂质。
包含在可生物降解胶囊中的主要功能药物是粘液溶解剂。广义而言,这样的粘液溶解剂可包括氨基酸衍生物、肽、肽类似物和/或小分子作为活性剂,它们单独地或与一种或多种药剂组合使用。在实施方案中,这样的粘液溶解剂可选自以下化合物:
·浓度为约5%至约25%,比如5%、10%、15%、20%、25%或其间的任何浓度的N-乙酰半胱氨酸,因为本发明在这方面不受限制;
·浓度为约5%至约25%,比如5%、10%、15%、20%、25%或其间的任何浓度的2-巯基乙烷磺酸盐,因为本发明在这方面不受限制;
·浓度为约50mg/ml至约250mg/ml,比如50mg/ml、100mg/ml、150mg/ml、200mg/ml、250mg/ml或这个范围内的任何其他浓度的L-α-脲基-巯基丙酸,因为本发明在这方面不受限制;
·溴己新;
·抗坏血酸,比如维生素C(还原型抗坏血酸或其抗坏血酸盐);
·N-丁基半胱氨酸;
·还原型谷胱甘肽,比如谷胱甘肽还原形式的天然三肽谷胱甘肽;
·氨基酸半胱氨酸的N-衍生物和C-衍生物;
·半胱氨酸和谷氨酸的二肽;
·天冬氨酸的二肽;
·盐酸氨溴索;
·DNA酶,比如重组DNA酶;和
·DNA裂解剂。
在实施方案中,活性剂可包括氨基酸衍生物,其选自根据下式的D-和/或L-异构体衍生物:
在本发明的进一步实施方案中,粘液溶解剂可以是氨基酸衍生物,比如根据下式的氨基酸衍生物的D-和/或L-异构体:
在本发明的进一步的实施方案中,粘液溶解剂可以是肽或肽类似物,比如根据下式的氨基酸的D-和/或L-异构体:
在本发明的又进一步的实施方案中,粘液溶解剂可以是肽或肽类似物,比如根据下式的肽中的氨基酸的D-和/或L-异构体:
在另外其他实施方案中,粘液溶解剂可以是维生素E或小分子2-巯基乙烷磺酸钠、三(2-羧乙基)膦盐酸盐。
由于粘液可用作细菌的掩护形式,常用的抗生素可能无法到达和攻击这些细菌。结构化粘液的破坏及其随后的液化可使抗生素能够到达病原体和细菌,以及清除感染。因此,本发明进一步包括同时或依次施用粘液溶解剂以及抗生素、抗病毒剂、抗真菌剂或另一种抗感染化合物的吸入脂质体制剂。
在实施方案中,抗感染剂可包括喹诺酮类(比如萘啶酸、西诺沙星、环丙沙星和诺氟沙星等)、磺胺类(比如磺胺、磺胺嘧啶、磺胺甲噁唑、磺胺异噁唑、磺胺醋酰等)、氨基糖苷类(比如链霉素、庆大霉素、妥布霉素、阿米卡星、奈替米星、卡那霉素等)、四环素类(比如金霉素、土霉素、美他环素、多西环素、米诺环素等)、对氨基苯甲酸、二氨基嘧啶类(比如甲氧苄氨嘧啶,其常常与磺胺甲噁唑结合使用,吡嗪酰胺等)、青霉素类(比如青霉素G、青霉素V、氨苄青霉素、阿莫西林、巴氨西林、羧苄西林、卡茚西林(Carbenicillin indanyl)、替卡西林、阿洛西林、美洛西林、哌拉西林等)、耐青霉素酶青霉素(比如甲氧西林、苯唑西林、氯唑西林、双氯西林、萘夫西林等)、第一代头孢菌素类(比如头孢羟氨苄、头孢氨苄、头孢拉定、头孢噻吩、头孢匹林、头孢唑啉等)、第二代头孢菌素类(比如头孢克洛、头孢孟多、头孢尼西、头孢西丁、头孢替坦、头孢呋辛、头孢呋辛酯、头孢美唑(cefinetazole)、头孢丙烯、氯碳头孢、头孢雷特等)、第三代头孢菌素类(比如头孢吡肟、头孢哌酮、头孢噻肟、头孢唑肟、头孢曲松、头孢他啶、头孢克肟、头孢泊肟、头孢布坦等)、其他β-内酰胺类(比如亚胺培南、美罗培南、氨曲南、克拉维酸、舒巴坦、他唑巴坦等)、β-内酰胺酶抑制剂类(比如克拉维酸)、氯霉素、大环内酯类(比如红霉素、阿奇霉素、克拉霉素等)、林可霉素、克林霉素、大观霉素、多粘菌素B、多粘菌素类(比如多粘菌素A、B、C或D、E1。粘菌素A)、或E2、粘菌素B或C等)粘菌素、万古霉素、杆菌肽、异烟肼、利福平、乙胺丁醇、乙硫酰胺、氨基水杨酸、环丝氨酸、卷曲霉素、砜类(比如氨苯砜、阿地砜钠等)、氯法齐明、沙利度胺或任何其他可脂质包封的抗菌剂。抗感染药可包括抗真菌剂,包括多烯抗真菌剂(比如两性霉素B、制霉菌素、纳他霉素等)、氟胞嘧啶咪唑(Flucytosine imida)(比如咪康唑、克霉唑、益康唑、酮康唑等)、三唑类(比如伊曲康唑、氟康唑等)、灰黄霉素、特康唑、布康唑环吡酮(Butoconazole Ciclopirax)、环吡酮胺、卤普罗近(Haloprogin)、托萘酯、萘替芬、特比萘芬或任何他可被脂质包封或复合的抗真菌剂。
在实施方案中,可以将多于一种可生物降解颗粒一起包含在单一治疗剂中。例如,本发明的治疗剂可以包括在分散装置中的第一可吸入颗粒和第二可吸入颗粒的组合。第一可吸入颗粒中的每一个可进而包含被容纳在第一可生物降解胶囊内的如上所述的第一粘液溶解剂。第二可吸入颗粒中的每一个可进而包含被容纳在第二可生物降解胶囊内的相同的第一或第二粘液溶解剂。在其他实施方案中,第二颗粒可以含有抗感染剂或另一种药物。结果,在从这些对应的第一可生物降解胶囊或第二可生物降解胶囊释放以及随后在受试者的气道的目标位置吸收之前,第一粘液溶解剂和/或第二粘液溶解剂受到保护而免于氧化。
为了确保递送至多于一个目标位置,第一颗粒的大小可以不同于第二颗粒。在实施方案中,第一颗粒的大小可以为约5微米至约50微米,用于主要递送至上呼吸道。在实施方案中,第一颗粒的大小可以为5微米、10微米、15微米、20微米、25微米、30微米、35微米、40微米、45微米、50微米或其间的任何大小,因为本发明在这方面不受限制。
第二颗粒的大小可以为约0.01微米至约6微米,以确保在下呼吸道的主要递送。在实施方案中,第二颗粒的大小可以为约0.01微米、0.1微米、0.2微米、0.3微米、0.4微米、0.5微米、0.6微米、0.7微米、0.8微米、0.9微米、1微米、2微米、3微米、4微米、5微米、6微米或其间的任何大小,因为本发明在这方面不受限制。
在其他实施方案中,药物浓度也可以在第一颗粒和第二颗粒之间变化。第一颗粒的粘液溶解剂的示例性浓度可以为约5mg至约200mg,并且第二颗粒为约10mg至约100mg。
在进一步的实施方案中,可以提供多于两种颗粒,并且将大小设计为保证在受试者吸入治疗剂时,不同的颗粒沿着气道的不同位置的主要沉积。在实施方案中,可以提供三种、四种或更多种颗粒大小,以允许用本发明的治疗剂更均匀地覆盖期望的气道部分。
除具有脂质的脂质体制剂之外,可以使用其他可生物降解的材料或表面活性剂来产生本发明的可生物降解外壳。这可以是出于定时释放的目的。在一个实例中,第一颗粒可以被设计成在与目标部位接触时立即释放药物,而第二颗粒可以被设计成以预定的延迟来释放药物。将两种或更多种具有预定药物释放时间的定时释放颗粒结合起来,可用于在单次或有限次数的吸入后建立持续的药物释放时间表。这种缓释或控释制剂将为患者提供合宜的给药。
颗粒之间不仅大小彼此不同,而且药物含量也不同。在实施方案中,可以在具有不同释放时间设计的可生物降解颗粒中以两种或更多种浓度提供同一种粘液溶解剂。在其他实施方案中,可以使用两种不同的粘液溶解剂来形成本发明的两种或更多种类型的颗粒。在又进一步的实施方案中,第一颗粒可以含有粘液溶解剂,而第二颗粒可以含有抗生素或抗病毒药。
在实施方案中,在单次应用中递送的粘液溶解剂的总剂量可以在约5毫克至约200毫克之间变化,比如5毫克、10毫克、20毫克、30毫克、40毫克、50毫克、75毫克、100毫克、125毫克、150毫克、175毫克、200毫克,并且可以使用上述任何方法和设备进行递送。
如上所述的本发明可以有利地用于增强粘液纤毛清除(MCC),并致力于减轻和治疗在肺和呼吸道疾病中观察到的常见基本问题和症状。可受益于本发明的一系列病症和疾病可包括:
·原发性纤毛运动障碍(PCD),
·囊性纤维化(CF),
·支气管扩张(BE),
·鼻窦炎
·鼻鼻窦炎
·闭塞性细支气管炎(BO),
·肺气肿,
·支气管炎,
·肺炎(Pneumonia),
·肺炎(Pneumonitis),
·COPD,
·其他肺和气道疾病,
·其他粘液阻塞性疾病
·肺、鼻窦和耳部的病毒和细菌感染
可以预期的是,相对于本发明的任何方法,可以实现本说明书中讨论的任何实施方案,反之亦然。还应当理解的是,本文描述的具体实施方案作为说明的方式示出,而不是作为对本发明的限制。在不脱离本发明范围的情况下,在不同的实施方案中可以采用本发明的主要特征。本领域技术人员将认识到、或能够确定使用不超出常规的实验、本文所述的具体程序的众多等效形式。这样的等效形式被认为在本发明的范围内,并且被权利要求覆盖。
说明书中提到的所有出版物和专利申请指示了本发明所属领域技术人员的技术水平。将所有出版物和专利申请通过引用并入本文,其程度如同每个单独的出版物或专利申请被具体地并且单独地指明通过引用并入一样。通过引用并入是有限的,因此除非明确包括在本文中,否则没有并入与本文明确公开内容相反的主题,未将包括在文献中的权利要求通过引用并入本文,并且未将文献中提供的任何定义通过引用并入本文。
当在权利要求书和/或说明书中与术语“包括”一起使用时,使用词语“一个/一种”(“a”)或“一个/一种”(“an”)可以表示“一个/一种”(“one”),但是它也与“一个/种或多个/种”、“至少一个/种”、“一个/种或多个/种”的含义一致。权利要求中的术语“或”的使用意指“和/或”,除非明确指出仅指替代物或替代物相互排斥,尽管本公开支持仅指替代物和“和/或”的定义。在本申请中,术语“约”用于表示,一个值包括装置的固有误差变化、用于确定该值的方法或在研究对象中存在的变化。
如在本说明书和权利要求中使用的,词语“包含”(“comprising”)(以及“包含”的任何形式,比如“包含”(“comprise”)和“包含”(“comprises”))、“具有”(以及“具有”的任何形式,比如“具有”(“have”)和“具有”(“has”))、“包括”(以及“包括”的任何形式,比如“包括”(“includes”)和“包括”(“include”))、或“含有”(以及“含有”的任何形式,比如“含有”(“contains”)和“含有”(“contain”)),是包括在内的并且不排除另外的未列举的要素或方法步骤。在本文提供的任何组合物和方法的实施方案中,“包含”可以用“基本上由……组成”或“由……组成”代替。如本文所用的,短语“基本上由……组成”要求指定的整数或步骤以及那些实质上不影响要求保护的发明的特征或功能的整数或步骤。如本文所用的,术语“组成”仅用于指示所列举的整数(例如,特征、要素、特性、性质、方法/过程步骤或限制)或整数的组(例如,特征、要素、特性、性质、方法/过程步骤或限制)的存在。
如本文所用的术语“或其组合”是指该术语前面列出项目的所有排列与组合。例如,“A、B、C或其组合”旨在包括以下至少一者:A、B、C、AB、AC、BC或ABC,如果在特定上下文中顺序是重要的,也可以是BA、CA、CB、CBA、BCA、ACB、BAC或CAB。继续该示例,明确包括包含一个或多个项目或术语的重复的组合,比如BB、AAA、AB、BBC、AAABCCCC、CBBAAA、CABABB等。本领域技术人员将理解的是,除非从上下文中显而易见,否则通常对任何组合中的项目或术语的数量没有限制。
如本文所用的,近似词,例如但不限于“约”“基本上的”或者“基本上”是指这样修饰时被理解为不一定是绝对的或完美的,而是被认为足够接近本领域普通技术人员保证指定该条件为存在的条件。描述可以变化的程度将取决于可以设置多大的变化,并且仍然使本领域普通技术人员认识到修饰的特征仍然具有未修饰特征所要求的特性和能力。一般而言,但受制于前面的讨论,本文由诸如“约”之类的近似词修饰的数值相对于该陈述值可以有至少±1%、2%、3%、4%、5%、6%、7%、10%、12%、15%、20%或25%的变化。
根据本公开,本文公开和要求保护的所有设备和/或方法都可以在没有过度实验的情况下实行和执行。虽然已经根据优选实施方案描述了本发明的设备和方法,但是对于本领域的技术人员来说显而易见的是,在不脱离本发明的概念、精神和范围的情况下,可以对所述设备和/或方法以及本文描述的方法的步骤或步骤顺序施加改变。所有这样的对本领域技术人员来说显而易见的类似替代和修改都被认为在由所附权利要求限定的本发明的精神、范围和概念之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于治疗受试者的气道的治疗剂,其中改进的特征在于,所述治疗剂包含在分散装置中的第一可吸入颗粒和第二可吸入颗粒的组合,所述分散装置被配置为在重复应用中进行所述治疗剂的自身给药,每个所述第一可吸入颗粒包含容纳在第一可生物降解胶囊内的第一粘液溶解剂,每个所述第二可吸入颗粒包含容纳在第二可生物降解胶囊内的所述第一或第二粘液溶解剂,由此所述第一粘液溶解剂和/或所述第二粘液溶解剂在从所述对应的第一可生物降解胶囊或所述第二可生物降解胶囊释放并在所述受试者的所述气道的目标位置吸收之前受到保护而免于氧化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的治疗剂,其中所述第一粘液溶解剂或所述第二粘液溶解剂选自由以下组成的化合物组:N-乙酰半胱氨酸、2-巯基乙烷磺酸盐、L-α-脲基-巯基丙酸、溴己新、抗坏血酸、N-丁基半胱氨酸、还原型谷胱甘肽、氨基酸半胱氨酸的N-衍生物和C-衍生物、半胱氨酸和谷氨酸的二肽、天冬氨酸的二肽、盐酸氨溴索、DNA酶和DNA裂解剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的治疗剂,其中所述第一可生物降解胶囊的至少一种具有脂质体制剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的治疗剂,其中所述第一颗粒的大小为约5微米至约50微米,所述第二颗粒的大小为约0.01微米至约6微米,由此所述第一颗粒被配置为用于在所述气道的第一目标位置的主要吸收,并且所述第二颗粒被配置为用于在所述气道的第二目标位置的主要吸收。
5.根据权利要求4所述的治疗剂,其中所述气道的所述第一目标位置是上呼吸道,并且所述气道的所述第二目标位置是下呼吸道。
6.根据权利要求4所述的治疗剂,其进一步包含容纳在可生物降解胶囊内的粘液溶解剂的另外的颗粒,所述另外的颗粒的大小被设计为用于在所述受试者吸入所述治疗剂时在所述气道的另外的位置的主要吸收。
7.根据权利要求1所述的治疗剂,其中所述第一可生物降解胶囊被配置为在所述受试者吸入所述治疗剂时立即释放所述第一粘液溶解剂,所述第二可生物降解胶囊被配置为以预定的延迟来释放所述第二粘液溶解剂,从而向所述受试者提供延时释放的粘液溶解剂治疗。
8.根据权利要求7所述的治疗剂,其进一步包含含有容纳在可生物降解胶囊内的粘液溶解剂的另外的颗粒,所述胶囊被配置为以另外的预定延迟来释放所述粘液溶解剂。
9.根据权利要求1所述的治疗剂,其中将所述第一可吸入颗粒和所述第二可吸入颗粒以溶液形式或干粉形式储存。
10.根据权利要求1所述的治疗剂,其中所述分散装置被配置为在激活时提供每剂量的所述治疗剂,所述治疗剂含有约5毫克至约200毫克的所述第一粘液溶解剂。
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