CN113612192B - Self-adaptive vacuum forced zero-crossing direct current switching-on and switching-off method based on superconducting current limiting - Google Patents

Self-adaptive vacuum forced zero-crossing direct current switching-on and switching-off method based on superconducting current limiting Download PDF

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CN113612192B
CN113612192B CN202110815803.2A CN202110815803A CN113612192B CN 113612192 B CN113612192 B CN 113612192B CN 202110815803 A CN202110815803 A CN 202110815803A CN 113612192 B CN113612192 B CN 113612192B
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项彬
李宏旭
于书汀
耿英三
刘志远
王建华
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/021—Details concerning the disconnection itself, e.g. at a particular instant, particularly at zero value of current, disconnection in a predetermined order
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/025—Disconnection after limiting, e.g. when limiting is not sufficient or for facilitating disconnection

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-adaptive vacuum forced zero-crossing direct current switching-on and switching-off method based on superconducting current limiting0Comparison K0And a threshold value Y, if K0>Y, selecting the charging time t according to the K-t comparison table0(ii) a Otherwise, the current is concentrated on the single superconducting coil to obtain the rate of rise K of the quenching resistance of the coil1And select t1(ii) a Then, the IGBT group is conducted, the capacitor is charged by the quench voltage, and after the completion, the reverse current supply branch is triggered to generate reverse current which is superposed with current flowing through the vacuum switch to generate a zero crossing point and cut off fault current; the energy absorption branch absorbs residual energy; finally, if no reclosing instruction exists, the process is ended; and otherwise, switching on the vacuum switch, and judging to repeat the process or finish the process according to whether the fault is eliminated. The invention solves the problem that the small current of the zero-crossing forced vacuum direct current breaker is difficult to cut off, and has the automatic reclosing capability.

Description

Self-adaptive vacuum forced zero-crossing direct current switching-on and switching-off method based on superconducting current limiting
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of superconducting application and direct current switching, in particular to a self-adaptive vacuum forced zero-crossing direct current switching method based on superconducting current limiting.
Background
The high-voltage flexible direct-current power grid can reliably realize long-distance, large-capacity and high-efficiency electric energy transmission, and is one of key technologies for the consumption of the open sea renewable energy. However, the direct current side fault removal means is a difficult point for building a high-voltage flexible direct current transmission network grid. On one hand, direct current does not have a natural zero crossing point, equipment cannot break a circuit by means of a natural zero point of the current, and energy of several megajoules to dozens of megajoules stored in a system inductor is released through a high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker. On the other hand, the short-circuit fault current in the high-voltage direct current system has high rate of rise which can reach thousands of amperes per millisecond, and the high-voltage direct current breaker needs to cut off more than ten thousands of amperes of direct current short-circuit current in a few milliseconds. The resistance type superconducting current limiter presents low impedance when power is transmitted by a power grid, the resistance type superconducting current limiter is quickly converted into high impedance when short-circuit fault occurs in the power grid, short-circuit current is effectively limited, the low impedance state can be automatically recovered in time after current limiting, the fault response time is several milliseconds, the current limiting depth can reach more than 80%, and the resistance type superconducting current limiter has excellent development prospect. At present, the resistive superconducting current limiter is operated in a south Australia 160kV multi-terminal direct-current power grid in a hanging mode.
The zero-crossing forced high-voltage vacuum direct-current circuit breaker is used for manually creating a current zero crossing point to cut off a high-voltage direct-current circuit by injecting reverse current into a vacuum arc extinguish chamber. The key element of reliable switching of the technology lies in the lower plasma density of the fracture gap after the current zero crossing. The plasma density after the current zero crossing is closely related to the current change rate di/dt at the current zero point moment, so that the forced zero-crossing high-voltage vacuum direct current circuit breaker is difficult to endure higher di/dt. However, the artificially injected reverse current amplitude is always fixed for any fault current. When small current is switched on, larger current amplitude difference leads to higher di/dt at the zero crossing moment, and the switching-on and the switching-off fail. Therefore, the zero-crossing forced high-voltage vacuum dc circuit breaker has a problem that it is difficult to cut off a small current. On the other hand, because the resonant capacitor needs to be precharged, two sets of capacitors and charging and discharging equipment thereof are usually needed to meet the requirement of reclosing of the high-voltage direct-current power grid, and the added equipment obviously increases the cost and the volume of the forced zero-crossing type high-voltage vacuum direct-current circuit breaker.
Aiming at the problems, the resonance capacitor is automatically charged by using the resistors at the two ends of the superconductive strip loss overtime strip, the pre-charging step is omitted, the high-voltage capacitor can be used after being charged, the high-voltage capacitor is not electrified for a long time, the requirement of reclosing can be reliably met, and the service life of the capacitor is prolonged. Meanwhile, by utilizing different quench characteristics of the superconducting strip material under different current impacts, the fault current information is coupled to the charging voltage of the resonant capacitor in the forced zero-crossing high-voltage vacuum direct-current circuit breaker, so that the fault current with any size is realized, the injected reverse current is always similar to the fault current, the di/dt at the zero point of the current is reduced, the on-off reliability of the forced zero-crossing high-voltage vacuum direct-current circuit breaker is greatly improved, and the difficulty that small current is difficult to be on-off is solved.
Similar patents exist: a gas direct current breaker with the help of a voltage charging mode of a current-limiting device and a working method are disclosed in the specification: CN 111817274A. Under the condition of short circuit, the patent generates reverse discharge current by charging a capacitor through the induced voltage of a current limiting element, and the reverse discharge current is superposed with the current flowing through the gas circuit breaker to generate a zero crossing point, so that the circuit is disconnected. The magnitude of the induced voltage and the magnitude of the reverse discharge current passively change along with the magnitude of the fault current. Under rated and overload conditions, the patent adopts the self-oscillation principle of the gas circuit breaker to realize circuit breaking. However, this patent does not automatically modulate the reverse current to provide the branch capacitor charging voltage when the short circuit current is turned off, because when a small short circuit current is turned off, a large reverse current is still provided, resulting in an excessively high di/dt, resulting in a failed turn-off. The reliability is poor in the case of a small short-circuit current being switched off.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a self-adaptive vacuum forced zero-crossing direct current switching method based on superconducting current limiting, which detects fault current information by using the characteristics of different impedance forms shown by a superconducting strip under different current impacts and couples the fault current information to a charging voltage. Therefore, for fault current with any magnitude, the injected reverse current is always similar to the fault current, di/dt during the current zero crossing point is greatly reduced, and the on-off reliability of the forced zero-crossing type vacuum direct current circuit breaker is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a self-adaptive vacuum forced zero-cross direct current cut-off method based on superconducting current limiting is disclosed, wherein a vacuum forced zero-cross direct current breaker applicable to the direct current cut-off method comprises a main through-current branch, a charging loop, a reverse current providing branch and an energy absorption branch; the main through-current branch is formed by connecting a superconducting current-limiting component SFCL1, a superconducting current-limiting charging component SFCL2 and a quick vacuum switch S in series, wherein the superconducting current-limiting charging component SFCL2 is formed by connecting a plurality of superconducting current-limiting charging units in parallel; the charging loop is connected in parallel at two ends of the superconducting current-limiting charging component SFCL2 and is formed by connecting a charging current-limiting resistor R, an IGBT valve bank and a resonant capacitor C in series; the reverse current supply branch circuits are connected in parallel at two sides of the rapid vacuum switch S, share a resonance capacitor C with the charging loop and are formed by connecting a thyristor valve group VTS, a resonance inductor L and the resonance capacitor C in series; the energy absorption branch is connected in parallel with two ends of the superconducting current-limiting charging component SFCL2 and the vacuum switch S;
the method is characterized in that the self-adaptive vacuum forced zero-crossing direct current switching-on and switching-off method based on superconducting current limiting comprises the following steps:
step 1: when fault current comes, the superconducting current-limiting component SFCL1 and the superconducting current-limiting charging component SFCL2 respond to quench, and at the moment, the quench resistance rise rate K of the superconducting tape in the superconducting current-limiting charging component SFCL2 is obtained by acquiring the quench voltage and current of the superconducting current-limiting charging component SFCL20(ii) a Judgment of K0And a threshold value Y, if K0>Y, then the current required to be cut off is short-circuit current according to the preset K0And a charging time t0To find K from the comparison table0Corresponding charging time t0The IGBT valve bank is turned on, and the resonance capacitor C in the reverse current supply branch is charged by utilizing the quench voltage of the superconducting current-limiting charging component SFCL 2; if K0If the current is less than or equal to Y, the current required to be cut off is rated current or overload current, and the rest superconducting current-limiting charging units in the superconducting current-limiting charging component SFCL2 exit the conductive loop, so that the current is concentrated in one superconducting current-limiting charging unit, and a superconducting coil of the superconducting current-limiting charging unit rapidly quenches; collecting the superconducting coil quench resistance rise rate K of the superconducting current-limiting charging unit1(ii) a The charging time t is selected by checking the preset table1And the IGBT valve bank is switched on, and the superconducting current-limiting charging component SFCL2 with quench is utilizedThe quench voltage of the current-limiting charging unit charges the resonant capacitor C;
step 2: after charging is finished, triggering a reverse current supply branch circuit to generate reverse current, and overlapping the reverse current with fault current flowing through the rapid vacuum switch S to generate a current zero crossing point so as to cut off the fault current; the energy absorption branch is responsible for absorbing residual energy in the system inductor after being disconnected;
and step 3: finally, judging whether a reclosing demand exists or not, and if not, ending the process; if the fault exists, the rapid vacuum switch S is switched on, whether the fault is eliminated is detected, and if the fault is eliminated, the process is ended; if not, repeating the above all processes until the process is finished.
The self-adaptive vacuum forced zero-crossing direct current switching-on and switching-off method based on the superconducting current limiting is characterized in that the fault current information is detected by utilizing the characteristic that superconducting tapes in a superconducting current limiting charging component SFCL2 present different impedance forms under different current impacts, and the fault current information is coupled to the charging voltage of a reverse current supply branch in a vacuum forced zero-crossing direct current breaker so as to control the magnitude of reverse discharging current.
The self-adaptive vacuum forced zero-crossing direct current switching-on and switching-off method based on superconducting current limiting is characterized in that the threshold value Y is used as a boundary value for judging whether fault current is short-circuit current or overload current and rated current, and the value is different according to the type of a superconducting strip.
The self-adaptive vacuum forced zero-crossing direct current switching-on and switching-off method based on superconducting current limiting is characterized in that the prefabricated K0And a charging time t0Look-up table and K1And a charging time t1The table of (a) is tabulated as follows: obtaining corresponding impedance characteristics of superconducting tapes in the superconducting current-limiting charging component SFCL2 under different short-circuit current conditions through experiments, analyzing and sorting the quenching characteristics of the superconducting current limiter, and performing mathematical modeling, namely formula (1); coupling a mathematical model of the superconducting strip with a mathematical model of system fault current, namely a formula (2), and a mathematical model of a forced zero-crossing vacuum direct current breaker, namely a formula (3), solving a corresponding equation, namely a formula (4), by combining circuit characteristics, and obtaining charging time t under different fault current modes;
Rq＝Kq·ts (1)
wherein R isqQuench resistance, K, of component SFCL2 for superconducting chargingqFor rate of rise of quench resistance at different short-circuit currents, tsThe duration of the short circuit current;
Is＝Ks·ts (2)
wherein IsFor system short circuit current, KsIs the rate of rise of the system short-circuit current, tsThe duration of the short circuit current;
Figure GDA0003536268600000051
wherein IreverseFor reverse current, UcThe capacitor voltage in the path for the reverse current, and the capacitance and inductance values in the branches for the reverse current;
Figure GDA0003536268600000052
wherein K is a coordination coefficient.
Compared with the prior art, the invention achieves the following effects: compared with the existing on-off method of the forced zero-crossing vacuum direct current circuit breaker and the on-off method mentioned in the patent CN111817274A, the method couples fault current information to capacitor charging voltage, realizes that for fault current of any size, the injected reverse current is always similar to the fault current, greatly reduces di/dt at zero-crossing time, and enhances the small current on-off capability of the forced zero-crossing vacuum direct current circuit breaker; the capacitor can be used after being charged, the capacitor is not electrified for a long time, the service life of the capacitor is prolonged, and meanwhile, the capacity of automatic reclosing is realized, so that the on-off reliability of the forced zero-crossing vacuum direct current breaker is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a self-adaptive vacuum forced zero-crossing direct current switching method based on superconducting current limiting.
Fig. 2 is a specific embodiment of a self-adaptive vacuum forced zero-crossing dc switching method based on superconducting current limiting according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments.
Fig. 2 shows an embodiment of the present invention. A self-adaptive vacuum forced zero-crossing direct current cut-off method based on superconducting current limiting is characterized in that a vacuum forced zero-crossing direct current breaker applicable to the direct current cut-off method comprises a main through-current branch, a charging loop, a reverse current supply branch and an energy absorption branch. The main current branch is formed by connecting a superconducting current-limiting component SFCL1, a superconducting current-limiting charging component SFCL2 and a quick vacuum switch S in series. The superconducting current-limiting charging component SFCL2 is formed by connecting a plurality of superconducting current-limiting charging units in parallel. The charging loop is connected in parallel at two ends of the superconducting current-limiting charging component SFCL2 and is formed by connecting a charging current-limiting resistor R, an IGBT valve bank and a resonant capacitor C in series. The reverse current supply branch circuits are connected in parallel to two sides of the rapid vacuum switch S, share a resonant capacitor C with the charging loop and are formed by connecting a thyristor valve group VTS, a resonant inductor L and the resonant capacitor C in series. The energy absorption branch is connected in parallel with two ends of the superconducting current-limiting charging component SFCL2 and the vacuum switch S.
A self-adaptive vacuum forced zero-crossing direct current switching method based on superconducting current limiting comprises the following steps:
step 1: when the fault current comes, the superconducting current-limiting component SFCL1 and the superconducting charging component SFCL2 respond to the quench, and the quench resistance rise rate K0 of the superconducting tapes in the superconducting current-limiting charging component SFCL2 is obtained by acquiring the quench voltage and the current of the superconducting current-limiting charging component SFCL 2. Judging the size relationship between K0 and a threshold value Y, if K0> Y, indicating that the current required to be cut off is short-circuit current, finding out charging time t0 corresponding to K0 according to a pre-prepared comparison table of K0 and charging time t0, conducting an IGBT valve group, and charging a resonant capacitor C in a reverse current supply branch circuit by using the quench voltage of a superconducting current-limiting charging component SFCL 2; if K0 is less than or equal to Y, it indicates that the current required to be cut off is rated current or overload current, and the rest units in the superconducting current-limiting charging component SFCL2 exit the conductive loop, so that the current is concentrated in the superconducting current-limiting charging unit 1, and the superconducting coil of the superconducting current-limiting charging unit 1 rapidly quenches. And acquiring the superconducting coil quench resistance rise rate K1 of the superconducting current-limiting charging unit 1. And similarly, selecting the charging time t1 according to a preset table, turning on the IGBT group, and charging the resonant capacitor C by using the quench voltage of the superconducting current-limiting charging unit 1 in the superconducting current-limiting charging component SFCL 2.
Step 2: after charging is completed, the reverse current supply branch circuit is triggered to generate reverse current, and the reverse current is superposed with fault current flowing through the rapid vacuum switch to generate a current zero crossing point, so that the fault current is switched on or off. The energy absorption branch is responsible for absorbing residual energy in the system inductor after being disconnected.
And step 3: finally, judging whether a reclosing demand exists or not, and if not, ending the process; if the fault is eliminated, the process is ended; if not, repeating the above all processes until the process is finished.
Wherein the threshold value Y is obtained by a superconducting tape quench characteristic experiment. The method for acquiring the rising rate and the charging time of the quench resistor comprises the following steps:
at the initial stage of quenching, a superconducting charging component SFCL2 quench resistor RqCan be expressed by the formula (1)
Rq＝Kq·ts (1)
Wherein KqFor rate of rise of quench resistance at different short-circuit currents, tsThe duration of the short circuit current. Fault current I of DC systemsCan be expressed by equation (2):
Is＝Ks·ts (2)
wherein K issAs rate of rise of fault current, tsThe duration of the short circuit current. For a classical RC charging loop, when the initial voltage of a capacitor is 0, the voltage U at any time of a capacitor endcIs composed of
Figure GDA0003536268600000071
Wherein U issCharging the capacitor with a voltage. Because this patent adopts the superconductive tape outage also to charge resonance electric capacity, so anytime, the electric capacity voltage can be expressed by formula (4):
Figure GDA0003536268600000081
for the zero-crossing forced vacuum dc circuit breaker, the magnitude of the reverse current and the resonant capacitor voltage can be expressed by formula (5):
Figure GDA0003536268600000082
by combining formula 4 and formula 5, the relation between the superconducting quench resistance rise rate and the charging time can be obtained
Figure GDA0003536268600000083
K is a coordination factor which can be specifically selected according to specific design. By solving equation (6), a preset table of the rate of rise of the quench resistor and the charging time can be obtained and used in the method.
Through the working process, the invention solves the problem of difficult small current cut-off of the forced zero-crossing type vacuum direct current circuit breaker, has the capability of automatic reclosing and improves the cut-off reliability of the forced zero-crossing type vacuum direct current circuit breaker.

Claims (3)

1. A self-adaptive vacuum forced zero-cross direct current cut-off method based on superconducting current limiting is disclosed, wherein a vacuum forced zero-cross direct current breaker applicable to the direct current cut-off method comprises a main through-current branch, a charging loop, a reverse current providing branch and an energy absorption branch; the main through-current branch is formed by connecting a superconducting current-limiting component SFCL1, a superconducting current-limiting charging component SFCL2 and a quick vacuum switch S in series, wherein the superconducting current-limiting charging component SFCL2 is formed by connecting a plurality of superconducting current-limiting charging units in parallel; the charging loop is connected in parallel at two ends of the superconducting current-limiting charging component SFCL2 and is formed by connecting a charging current-limiting resistor R, an IGBT valve bank and a resonant capacitor C in series; the reverse current supply branch circuits are connected in parallel at two sides of the rapid vacuum switch S, share a resonance capacitor C with the charging loop and are formed by connecting a thyristor valve group VTS, a resonance inductor L and the resonance capacitor C in series; the energy absorption branch is connected in parallel with two ends of the superconducting current-limiting charging component SFCL2 and the vacuum switch S;
the method is characterized in that the self-adaptive vacuum forced zero-crossing direct current switching-on and switching-off method based on superconducting current limiting comprises the following steps:
step 1: when fault current comes, the superconducting current-limiting component SFCL1 and the superconducting current-limiting charging component SFCL2 respond to quench, and at the moment, the quench resistance rise rate K of the superconducting tape in the superconducting current-limiting charging component SFCL2 is obtained by acquiring the quench voltage and current of the superconducting current-limiting charging component SFCL20(ii) a Judgment of K0And a threshold value Y, if K0If more than Y, the current required to be cut off is short-circuit current according to the preset K0And a charging time t0To find out the comparison table with K0Corresponding charging time t0The IGBT valve bank is turned on, and the resonance capacitor C in the reverse current supply branch is charged by the quench voltage of the superconducting current-limiting charging component SFCL 2; if K0If the current is less than or equal to Y, the current required to be cut off is rated current or overload current, and the rest superconducting current-limiting charging units in the superconducting current-limiting charging component SFCL2 exit the conductive loop, so that the current is concentrated in one superconducting current-limiting charging unit, and a superconducting coil of the superconducting current-limiting charging unit rapidly quenches; collecting the superconducting coil quench resistance rise rate K of the superconducting current-limiting charging unit1(ii) a The charging time t is selected by checking the preset table1The IGBT valve bank is turned on, and the resonant capacitor C is charged by the quench voltage of the quench superconducting current-limiting charging unit in the superconducting current-limiting charging component SFCL 2;
step 2: after charging is finished, triggering a reverse current supply branch circuit to generate reverse current, and overlapping the reverse current with fault current flowing through the rapid vacuum switch S to generate a current zero crossing point so as to cut off the fault current; the energy absorption branch is responsible for absorbing residual energy in the system inductor after being switched off;
and step 3: finally, judging whether a reclosing demand exists or not, and if not, ending the process; if the fault exists, the rapid vacuum switch S is switched on, whether the fault is eliminated is detected, and if the fault is eliminated, the process is ended; if not, repeating all the flows until the flow is finished;
prefabricated K0And a charging time t0Look-up table and K1And a charging time t1According to the following: obtaining corresponding impedance characteristics of superconducting tapes in the superconducting current-limiting charging component SFCL2 under different short-circuit current conditions through experiments, analyzing and sorting the quenching characteristics of the superconducting current limiter, and performing mathematical modeling, namely formula (1); coupling a mathematical model of the superconducting strip with a mathematical model of system fault current, namely a formula (2), and a mathematical model of a forced zero-crossing vacuum direct current breaker, namely a formula (3), solving a corresponding equation, namely a formula (4), by combining circuit characteristics, and obtaining charging time t under different fault current modes;
Rq＝Kq·ts (1)
wherein R isqQuench resistance, K, of component SFCL2 for superconducting chargingqFor rate of rise of quench resistance at different short-circuit currents, tsThe duration of the short circuit current;
Is＝Ks·ts (2)
wherein IsFor system short circuit current, KsIs the rate of rise of the system short-circuit current, tsThe duration of the short circuit current;
Figure FDA0003536268590000021
wherein IreverseFor reverse current, UcThe capacitor voltage in the path for the reverse current, and the capacitance and inductance values in the branches for the reverse current;
Figure FDA0003536268590000022
wherein K is a coordination coefficient.
2. The self-adaptive vacuum forced zero-crossing direct current switching method based on the superconducting current limiting as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that fault current information is detected by utilizing the characteristic that superconducting tapes in a superconducting current limiting charging component SFCL2 present different impedance forms under different current impacts, and the fault current information is coupled to the charging voltage of a reverse current supply branch in a vacuum forced zero-crossing direct current breaker to control the magnitude of reverse discharging current.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the threshold value Y is used as a boundary value for determining whether the fault current is a short-circuit current, an overload current, or a rated current, and the value varies according to the type of the superconducting tape.
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