CN107134762B - A kind of based superconductive current limliting without arc dc circuit breaker and cutoff method - Google Patents

A kind of based superconductive current limliting without arc dc circuit breaker and cutoff method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107134762B
CN107134762B CN201710432973.6A CN201710432973A CN107134762B CN 107134762 B CN107134762 B CN 107134762B CN 201710432973 A CN201710432973 A CN 201710432973A CN 107134762 B CN107134762 B CN 107134762B
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arc
current
unit
cut
offs
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CN107134762A (en
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王建华
杨騉
闫文龙
刘志远
耿英三
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Xian Jiaotong University
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/268Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for dc systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/087Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02HEMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/02Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
    • H02H9/023Current limitation using superconducting elements
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/60Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of based superconductive current limlitings without arc dc circuit breaker and cutoff method, and breaker includes concatenated Disconnecting switch unit, superconducting current-limiting unit, and no arc cut-offs unit;Superconducting current-limiting unit is resistive superconducting current limiter, and it includes mechanical switch, commutation capacitor and energy-absorbing branch that no arc, which cut-offs unit,;When failure occurs, superconducting current-limiting unit quenches limiting short-circuit current, and the soaring voltage in both ends cut-offs the control signal of unit machinery switch motion as no arc;No arc cut-off unit receive control signal after, disjunction direct current;Final Disconnecting switch unit Zero current disjunction;Superconducting current-limiting unit limiting short-circuit current is utilized in the present invention, reduce commutation capacitor charge rate, since mechanical switch is equal with commutation capacitor both end voltage, mechanical switch both end voltage has the stage lower than voltage needed for pilot arc in interrupting process, therefore electric arc can not generate or extinguish rapidly;Superconducting current-limiting unit inhibits voltage and current on capacitor to vibrate simultaneously, prevents overvoltage from generating.

Description

A kind of based superconductive current limliting without arc dc circuit breaker and cutoff method
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric power system circuit breakers, and in particular to a kind of based superconductive current limliting without arc dc circuit breaker and open Disconnected method.
Background technique
DC grid is due to its running wastage is small, load control is convenient in naval vessel, railway, new energy aspect extensive use. But since DC current does not have natural zero-crossing point, mechanical switch cut-offs relative difficulty by extinguishing electric arc completion.Often at present The oscillatory type mechanical chopper both ends seen are parallel with the oscillation circuit of capacitor and inductor composition, and when cut-offfing, oscillation circuit is in machinery Zero crossing is generated in circuit breaker arc.Oscillatory type mechanical chopper includes self-oscillation breaker and external excited oscillation breaker.From Induced Oscillation switch switch off time is long, and overvoltage is easy to appear in oscillatory process, and the capacitor of external excited oscillation switch needs additional Charging unit, while the timing control time precision of oscillating current investment is required high.In addition, direct current cut-offs the electricity of middle generation Arc, temperature are up to several thousand degrees celsius, can burn out contact, even result in contact melting welding, and the seriously damage contact that causes repeatedly to restrike makes Use the service life.If electric arc does not extinguish immediately, it is possible to which burn operator, burning apparatus, destroys system insulation performance, or even make At fire.Therefore, effectively extinguish electric arc or inhibit the generation of electric arc most important.The no arc side of cut-offfing most common at this stage Method be it is hybrid cut-off, need to connect multiple IGBT in order to bear high-voltage great-current, not only increase cost, and IGBT It cut-offs synchronism and realizes complexity.
Superconductor is just able to maintain the superconducting state of zero resistance in certain temperature, magnetic field and current density range, exceeds Any physical extent, superconductor will quench.Superconductive current limiter utilizes this characteristic of superconduction, when steady-state operation, impedance close to zero, On electric system without influence, when short trouble, superconduction is quenched, and impedance instantaneously increases, effective limiting short-circuit current size;Work as failure After elimination, superconductive current limiter can be restored to stable state by current limliting state, guarantee that power grid can operate normally.Introduce superconductive current limiter not The capacity that breaker only can be significantly reduced substantially reduces the improvement expenses of power grid and extends the service life of electrical equipment, also It will realize and transmission line malfunction short circuit current quickly, steadily, will effectively be limited, for the pass for solving power transmission network safe and stable operation Key technology problem lays the foundation.
Arcing or electric arc do not extinguish instantaneously when no arc cut-offs i.e. requirement switch disjunction, for this reason, it may be necessary to maintain switch ends Voltage is lower than arcing voltage.Existing patent " one kind seals in capacitive high voltage dc circuit breaker and its control method " (201310018003.3), which realizes that mechanical switch is opened without arc as conversion circuit using capacitance-resistance branch, capacitance-resistance branch Inhibit the overvoltage in interrupting process including concatenated capacitor and resistance, and using arrester.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiency of existing method, the present invention provide a kind of based superconductive current limliting without arc dc circuit breaker and the side of cut-offfing Method, the present invention quench characteristic using superconductive current limiter, quench rapidly when direct current system breaks down, and are converted to high impedance, Limiting short-circuit current size, at the same multilevel action cooperate, realize mechanical switch cut-off without arc and the isolation of faulty circuit.
The purpose of the present invention is adopt the following technical solutions to realize:
A kind of based superconductive current limliting without arc dc circuit breaker, by Disconnecting switch unit I, superconducting current-limiting unit II, without arc It cut-offs unit III to be sequentially connected in series, Disconnecting switch unit I is mechanical isolation switch, and superconducting current-limiting unit II is by superconducting tape 2 It is composed in parallel with first resistor 1, constitutes resistive superconducting current limiter, the normal through-flow branch routing machinery that no arc cut-offs unit III is opened 4 compositions are closed, change of current branch routes shunt capacitance 3 and forms, and energy-absorbing branch routing second resistance 6 is composed in series with contactor 5.
The superconducting current-limiting unit II resistor-type structure in parallel with first resistor 1 using superconducting tape 2;Superconducting tape 2 The control signal that the mechanical switch 4 that the voltage for quenching generation cut-offs unit III as no arc acts.
For the superconducting current-limiting unit II by limiting short-circuit current, the mechanical switch 4 for making no arc cut-off unit III cut-offs electricity Stream reduces, and 3 charge rate of shunt capacitance of unit III is cut-off in limitation without arc, reduces the voltage build-up rate at 3 both ends of shunt capacitance; Inhibit voltage and current on shunt capacitance 3 to vibrate simultaneously, prevents overvoltage from generating.
The no arc direct current cut-offs the shunt capacitance 3 of unit III when mechanical switch 4 is opened, and provides no-voltage and opens item Part, 4 both end voltage of mechanical switch is identical as 3 both end voltage of shunt capacitance always, since 3 voltage build-up rate of shunt capacitance is low, machine 4 both end voltage of tool switch has the stage lower than voltage needed for pilot arc in interrupting process, make electric arc can not generate or Extinguish rapidly.
The no arc cut-offs the energy-absorbing branch that unit III is formed with second resistance 6 and contactor 5, not by overvoltage shadow It rings, is not necessarily to arrester, the energy stored in capacitor is discharged after the completion of cut-offfing.
The mechanical isolation switch of the Disconnecting switch unit I is after no arc cut-offs the disconnection DC current of unit III, zero current Fault Isolation is realized in disjunction.
The cutoff method without arc dc circuit breaker of the based superconductive current limliting is divided into three steps and cut-offs: event occurs for system When barrier, superconducting current-limiting unit II is level-one movement, and limiting short-circuit current is opened to reduce and cut-off III mechanical switch 4 of unit without arc Power-off stream, while slowing down the charge rate of shunt capacitance 3, it cut-offs and creates conditions for no arc;It is dynamic for second level that no arc cut-offs unit III Make, realization cut-offs without arc and shifts short circuit current to shunt capacitance 3, and finally separates direct current;Disconnecting switch unit I is dynamic for three-level Make, mechanical isolation switch is opened after direct current is separated, isolated fault circuit.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effect that the present invention reaches is:
1, superconductive current limiter inhibits short circuit current, and make dc circuit breaker disjunction is resistive current, without excessively electric Pressure generates.
2, mode is cut-off without arc, electric arc can not be generated, improved switch INTERRUPTION LIFE, reduce the bad shadow to other equipment It rings.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structure chart without arc dc circuit breaker of based superconductive current limliting provided by the invention.
Wherein: I Disconnecting switch unit;II superconducting current-limiting unit;III cut-offs unit without arc
1, first resistor;2, superconducting tape;3, shunt capacitance;4 mechanical switch;5, contactor;6, second resistance.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing.
A kind of based superconductive current limliting provided by the invention without arc dc circuit breaker structure chart as shown in Figure 1, the breaker Include three units: Disconnecting switch unit I;Superconducting current-limiting unit II;No arc cut-offs unit III.Disconnecting switch unit I is by machinery Disconnecting switch composition, superconducting current-limiting unit II are composed in parallel by superconducting tape 2 and first resistor 1, constitute resistive superconducting current limliting Device.The normal through-flow branch routing mechanical switch 4 that no arc cut-offs unit III forms, and change of current branch routes shunt capacitance 3 and forms, energy-absorbing branch Routing second resistance 6 is composed in series with contactor 5.
The breaker can be divided into three steps and cut-off: when system jam, superconducting current-limiting unit II is level-one movement, superconduction Current limiting unit II quenches rapidly, can significantly limiting short-circuit current, so that no arc is cut-off III mechanical switch of unit, 4 drop-out current and subtract It is small, while slowing down the charge rate of change of current branch circuit parallel connection capacitor 3, and voltage and current vibrates on suppression capacitor, prevents overvoltage It generates.Meanwhile superconducting tape 2 quenches rear impedance abruptly increase, both end voltage rises, which cut-offs III machine of unit as no arc The control signal that tool switch 4 acts;After certain time-delay, it is two-step action that no arc, which cut-offs unit III, and mechanical switch 4 is cut-off, The shunt capacitance 3 for being connected in parallel on 4 both ends of mechanical switch is that mechanical switch 4 provides no-voltage opening condition.Short circuit current is transferred to simultaneously Join capacitor 3, since short circuit current is limited, 3 charge rate of shunt capacitance of change of current branch is reduced, and voltage rising slows down, mechanical 4 both end voltage of switch is identical as 3 both end voltage of shunt capacitance always, has 4 both end voltage of mechanical switch in interrupting process Lower than the stage of voltage needed for pilot arc, make electric arc that can not generate or extinguish rapidly, realization is cut-off without arc, meanwhile, it improves 3 capacity of shunt capacitance is also beneficial to slow down the rate of climb of 4 both end voltage of mechanical switch, enhances the stability cut-off without arc.And After connection 3 voltage of capacitor rises to system voltage, separate direct current;Disconnecting switch unit I is three-level movement, the machine after direct current is separated Tool disconnecting switch is opened, isolated fault circuit.No arc cut-offs the energy-absorbing branch of unit III after the completion of cut-offfing, and discharges shunt capacitance Energy in 3.Since there is no overvoltage, it is not necessarily to arrester.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of based superconductive current limliting without arc dc circuit breaker, it is characterised in that: by Disconnecting switch unit (I), superconducting current-limiting Unit (II) cut-offs unit (III) without arc and is sequentially connected in series, and Disconnecting switch unit (I) is mechanical isolation switch, superconducting current-limiting Unit (II) is composed in parallel by superconducting tape (2) and first resistor (1), constitutes resistive superconducting current limiter, and no arc cut-offs unit (III) normal through-flow branch routing mechanical switch (4) composition, change of current branch route shunt capacitance (3) composition, energy-absorbing branch routing second Resistance (6) is composed in series with contactor (5);
By limiting short-circuit current, the mechanical switch (4) for making no arc cut-off unit (III) is cut-off the superconducting current-limiting unit (II) Electric current reduces, and shunt capacitance (3) charge rate of unit (III) is cut-off in limitation without arc, reduces the electricity at shunt capacitance (3) both ends Press climbing;Inhibit voltage and current on shunt capacitance (3) to vibrate simultaneously, prevents overvoltage from generating;
The no arc direct current cut-offs the shunt capacitance (3) of unit (III) when mechanical switch (4) are opened, and provides no-voltage and opens item Part, mechanical switch (4) both end voltage is identical as shunt capacitance (3) both end voltage always, due to shunt capacitance (3) voltage build-up rate Low, mechanical switch (4) both end voltage has the stage lower than voltage needed for pilot arc in interrupting process, produce electric arc can not Raw or extinguishing rapidly.
2. based superconductive current limliting according to claim 1 without arc dc circuit breaker, it is characterised in that: the superconducting current-limiting Unit (II) the resistor-type structure in parallel with first resistor (1) using superconducting tape (2);Superconducting tape (2) quenches the electricity of generation Press the control signal that mechanical switch (4) movement of unit (III) is cut-off as no arc.
3. based superconductive current limliting according to claim 1 without arc dc circuit breaker, it is characterised in that: the no arc is cut-off Unit (III) has the energy-absorbing branch of second resistance (6) and contactor (5) composition, not by over-voltage protection, is not necessarily to arrester, The energy stored in release capacitor after the completion of cut-offfing.
4. based superconductive current limliting according to claim 1 without arc dc circuit breaker, it is characterised in that: the disconnecting switch Unit (I) mechanical isolation switch no arc cut-off unit (III) disconnect DC current after, Zero current disjunction, realize failure every From.
5. the cutoff method without arc dc circuit breaker of the described in any item based superconductive current limlitings of Claims 1-4, feature exist In: be divided into three steps and cut-off: when system jam, superconducting current-limiting unit (II) is level-one movement, limiting short-circuit current, to drop Low no arc cut-offs unit (III) mechanical switch (4) drop-out current, while slowing down the charge rate of shunt capacitance (3), opens for no arc It is disconnected to create conditions;It is two-step action that no arc, which cut-offs unit (III), and realization cut-offs without arc and shifts short circuit current to shunt capacitance (3), and finally separate direct current;Disconnecting switch unit (I) is three-level movement, and mechanical isolation switch is opened after direct current is separated, Isolated fault circuit.
CN201710432973.6A 2017-06-09 2017-06-09 A kind of based superconductive current limliting without arc dc circuit breaker and cutoff method Active CN107134762B (en)

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CN107731593B (en) * 2017-09-14 2019-01-29 西安交通大学 A kind of solid dielectric plug-in type differential of the arc direct current cut-offs breaker and its cutoff method
CN108829989B (en) * 2018-06-22 2022-04-01 国网江苏电力设计咨询有限公司 Method for designing parameters of main loop on direct current side of flexible direct current system containing superconducting direct current limiter
CN108879620A (en) * 2018-07-25 2018-11-23 西安交通大学 Dc circuit breaker and its application method based on the transfer of mechanical switch arc voltage
CN109066600B (en) * 2018-08-01 2019-10-08 四川大学 A kind of current limliting capacitance-resistance branch, resistance-capacitance type dc circuit breaker and parameter selection method
CN111244921A (en) * 2020-03-09 2020-06-05 广东电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 Hybrid direct current superconducting current limiter and short-circuit current limiting method
CN111600286B (en) * 2020-06-18 2022-04-19 中国能源建设集团广东省电力设计研究院有限公司 Coordination control method for superconducting current limiter and direct current breaker
CN113612192B (en) * 2021-07-19 2022-05-06 西安交通大学 Self-adaptive vacuum forced zero-crossing direct current switching-on and switching-off method based on superconducting current limiting

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