CN112242694B - Multi-terminal active resonant DC circuit breaker and control method thereof - Google Patents

Multi-terminal active resonant DC circuit breaker and control method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112242694B
CN112242694B CN202011360793.XA CN202011360793A CN112242694B CN 112242694 B CN112242694 B CN 112242694B CN 202011360793 A CN202011360793 A CN 202011360793A CN 112242694 B CN112242694 B CN 112242694B
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current
circuit breaker
converter station
fault
line
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CN112242694A (en
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郭谋发
吴洁萍
洪翠
高伟
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Fuzhou University
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Fuzhou University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
    • H02H7/268—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for dc systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/36—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between ac networks via a high-tension dc link
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/60—Arrangements for transfer of electric power between AC networks or generators via a high voltage DC link [HVCD]

Abstract

The invention relates to a multi-terminal active resonant direct-current circuit breaker and a control method thereof. After a fault occurs, the converter station side circuit breaker and the line side circuit breaker form a resonant circuit, and the generated reverse resonant current flows through the ultra-fast mechanical switch to enable the electric arc of the ultra-fast mechanical switch to be rapidly extinguished; after the fault line is isolated from the power grid, the line side circuit breaker and the converter station side circuit breaker are respectively used for isolating fault current. The direct current breaker structure provided by the invention can effectively reduce the number of full-control devices of the breaker and reduce the control complexity; the fault isolation speed is high; the on-state loss is low; and no precharge circuit is required.

Description

Multi-terminal active resonant DC circuit breaker and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of circuit breakers, in particular to a multi-terminal active resonant direct-current circuit breaker and a control method thereof.
Background
The direct current power grid technology is concerned by the advantages of large transmission capacity, high reliability, simple structure and the like. However, unlike the ac grid, the inductor cannot effectively suppress the fault current in the dc grid, and the current rise rate in the dc grid is much higher than that in the ac grid. Isolation of dc faults is more difficult due to the absence of natural current zero crossings. Therefore, protection against dc faults becomes a bottleneck limiting the development of dc grids.
At present, isolation schemes for dc faults are mainly classified into two categories: and adopting a current converter topology with fault self-clearing capability and installing a direct-current breaker. The converter with the fault self-clearing capability can clear faults by changing the structure of the converter, but the converter needs a large number of power electronic devices, is relatively complex to control and introduces extra loss. Dc circuit breakers can be classified into mechanical dc circuit breakers, solid-state dc circuit breakers, and hybrid dc circuit breakers according to the principle of breaking current. The mechanical direct current circuit breaker is low in on-state loss during normal operation, and when a fault is isolated, a resonance branch circuit is required to create a current zero crossing point to extinguish an electric arc. The solid-state direct current circuit breaker adopts full power electronic devices to cut off a fault branch, the on-state loss is large, and meanwhile, the construction cost is increased due to the fact that a large number of power electronic devices are used. The hybrid direct current circuit breaker combines the structural characteristics of a mechanical direct current circuit breaker and a solid direct current circuit breaker, utilizes the power electronic device to create a zero current turn-off condition for the ultra-fast mechanical switch, meets the requirement of the network mobility, but the power electronic device still causes larger on-state loss during normal operation.
For a multi-terminal direct-current power grid, in order to ensure the reliability of the power grid, a direct-current breaker is installed on each outgoing line, but the construction cost is increased. A plurality of outgoing lines of one converter station share the main circuit breaker, and the circuit breaker is divided into a converter station side main circuit breaker and a line side auxiliary circuit breaker, so that the construction cost can be reduced. However, the existing multi-terminal direct current breaker topology has the problems of large on-state loss and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a multi-terminal active resonant dc circuit breaker and a control method thereof, which can effectively reduce the number of fully-controlled devices of the circuit breaker and reduce the control complexity; the fault isolation speed is high; the on-state loss is low; and no precharge circuit is required.
The invention is realized by adopting the following scheme: a multi-terminal active resonant DC circuit breaker comprises a converter station side circuit breaker, a plurality of line side circuit breakers and a plurality of ultra-fast mechanical switches; the converter station side circuit breaker is connected in parallel at a converter station outlet and used for cutting off direct-current fault current at the converter station side; the line side circuit breakers are arranged on all direct current outgoing lines of the converter station in parallel and used for blocking fault current at the line side; the ultra-fast mechanical switches are installed on the direct-current lines in series and located between the converter station side circuit breaker and the line side circuit breaker, and each line side circuit breaker is connected with one ultra-fast mechanical switch in series.
Further, the converter station side circuit breaker comprises a first thyristor valve bank, a current-limiting inductor, a first capacitor bank and a first zinc oxide arrester; the first thyristor valve group, the current-limiting inductor and the first capacitor bank are sequentially connected in series, and the two ends of the first capacitor bank are connected with the first zinc oxide arrester in parallel.
Furthermore, the line side circuit breaker comprises a second thyristor valve group, a diode valve group, a current-limiting resistor, a second capacitor group and a second zinc oxide arrester; the second thyristor valve group is connected with the second capacitor group in series; the diode valve group is connected with the current-limiting resistor in series and is connected with the second thyristor valve group in parallel; and two ends of the second capacitor bank are connected with the second zinc oxide arrester in parallel.
When the direct current power grid operates normally, normal current flows through the ultra-fast mechanical switch, a second capacitor bank in the circuit side breaker is pre-charged through a diode valve bank and a current-limiting resistor, and the converter station side breaker is not connected to the power grid;
after the direct current fault occurs, the converter station discharges to a fault point, the fault current rapidly rises, after the direct current protection setting value is reached, a converter station side circuit breaker and a line side circuit breaker start to act, and an external power grid sends a turn-off signal to an ultra-fast mode; after the delay of 2 ms, the contact of the ultra-fast mechanical switch is separated, but because no current zero crossing point exists, the converter station continues to feed current to the fault point through the arc of the ultra-fast mechanical switch; at the moment, a first thyristor valve group and a second thyristor valve group which are on the line side and the converter station side respectively connect a pre-charging capacitor and a current-limiting inductor in a first capacitor group into a fault loop, the generated resonant current is opposite to the fault current, a current zero crossing point is created, and the electric arc between contacts of the ultra-fast mechanical switch is extinguished; so far, the fault line and the direct current power grid are isolated;
at the converter station side, after the fault line is isolated, the converter station can still continuously charge the first capacitor bank through the first thyristor valve bank; after the capacitor voltage rises to reach the threshold voltage of the first zinc oxide arrester connected in parallel, the first zinc oxide arrester is conducted to consume energy, and the current is gradually reduced; after the current on the converter station side circuit breaker crosses zero, the first thyristor valve group is naturally extinguished, and the converter station side fault isolation process is finished;
on the line side, after the fault line is isolated, the line inductor and the current limiter inductor reversely charge the second capacitor bank, and after the capacitor voltage rises to reach the threshold voltage of the second zinc oxide arrester connected in parallel, the second zinc oxide arrester is conducted to consume the energy stored on the inductor, and the current is gradually reduced; after the current on the circuit breaker at the line side crosses zero, the second thyristor valve group is naturally extinguished, and the line side fault isolation process is finished.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention can realize the fault isolation within 5 ms.
The invention separates the line side current breaking process of the direct current breaker from the current breaking process of the converter station side. On the converter station side, faults can be isolated within 4 ms, since the current breaking process is not affected by the line inductance as well as the current limiter inductance. On the line side, after the ultra-fast mechanical switch is completely switched off, the converter station does not feed short-circuit current to a fault point any more, the circuit breaker on the line side only needs to consume energy stored on a line inductor and a current limiter inductor, and the fault isolation time on the line side can be controlled within 5 ms. The current breaking process is divided into a converter station side and a line side, and the zinc oxide arrester is used for absorbing energy, so that the direct current side short-circuit fault can be quickly cleared.
(2) The invention has lower on-state loss in normal operation.
In a common direct current breaker topology, a converter switch formed by connecting IGBTs in series is generally adopted to assist the turning-off of an ultra-fast mechanical switch, but when a power grid normally operates, normal current flows through the converter switch, and the on-state loss is large. The invention adopts a parallel structure, and the power grid is accessed only when a fault occurs, so that the on-state loss is reduced while the converter station can run safely and reliably.
(3) The invention has lower construction cost
A large number of IGBTs are required to be connected in series to realize fault isolation in a traditional direct current breaker, but a thyristor and a diode are mainly used in the direct current breaker, so that the construction cost is greatly reduced. And as the structure of the power grid is increasingly complex, one converter station corresponds to a plurality of direct current outgoing lines, and the existing direct current breaker scheme needs to install a whole set of breaker on each line.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a topology diagram of a dc circuit breaker according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of a converter station side breaker unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of a line side breaker unit of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a dc power grid model according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a current voltage waveform before and after a fault according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein FIG. 5(a) is a DC line current and an ultrafast mechanical switch current; fig. 5(b) is line side breaker current and converter station side breaker current; fig. 5(c) shows the line side breaker voltage and the converter station side breaker voltage.
Detailed Description
The invention is further explained below with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
The embodiment provides a multi-terminal active resonant direct-current circuit breaker, which comprises a converter station side circuit breaker, a plurality of line side circuit breakers and a plurality of ultra-fast mechanical switches, wherein the converter station side circuit breaker is connected with the converter station side circuit breaker; the converter station side circuit breaker is connected in parallel at a converter station outlet and used for cutting off direct-current fault current at the converter station side; the line side circuit breakers are arranged on all direct current outgoing lines of the converter station in parallel and used for blocking fault current at the line side; the ultra-fast mechanical switches are installed on the direct-current lines in series and located between the converter station side circuit breaker and the line side circuit breaker, and each line side circuit breaker is connected with one ultra-fast mechanical switch in series.
As shown in fig. 2, in this embodiment, the converter station side circuit breaker includes a first thyristor valve group, a current-limiting inductor, a first capacitor group, and a first zinc oxide arrester; the first thyristor valve group, the current-limiting inductor and the first capacitor bank are sequentially connected in series, and the two ends of the first capacitor bank are connected with the first zinc oxide arrester in parallel.
As shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the line side circuit breaker includes a second thyristor valve group, a diode valve group, a current limiting resistor, a second capacitor group, and a second zinc oxide arrester; the second thyristor valve group is connected with the second capacitor group in series; the diode valve group is connected with the current-limiting resistor in series and is connected with the second thyristor valve group in parallel; and two ends of the second capacitor bank are connected with the second zinc oxide arrester in parallel.
Preferably, the present embodiment further provides a control method for a multi-terminal active resonant dc circuit breaker, when a dc power grid operates normally, a normal current flows through the ultrafast mechanical switch, a second capacitor bank in the line-side circuit breaker is precharged through a diode valve bank and a current-limiting resistor, and the converter station-side circuit breaker is not connected to the power grid;
the control method when the short-circuit fault of the direct current side is cleared comprises the following steps: after the direct current fault occurs, the converter station discharges to a fault point, the fault current rapidly rises, after the direct current protection setting value is reached, the converter station side circuit breaker and the line side circuit breaker start to act, and an external power grid sends a turn-off signal to the ultra-fast mechanical switch; after the delay of 2 ms, the contact of the ultra-fast mechanical switch is separated, but because no current zero crossing point exists, the converter station continues to feed current to the fault point through the arc of the ultra-fast mechanical switch; at the moment, a first thyristor valve group and a second thyristor valve group which are on the line side and the converter station side respectively connect a pre-charging capacitor and a current-limiting inductor in a first capacitor group into a fault loop, the generated resonant current is opposite to the fault current, a current zero crossing point is created, and the electric arc between contacts of the ultra-fast mechanical switch is extinguished; so far, the fault line and the direct current power grid are isolated;
at the converter station side, after the fault line is isolated, the converter station can still continuously charge the first capacitor bank through the first thyristor valve bank; after the capacitor voltage rises to reach the threshold voltage of the first zinc oxide arrester connected in parallel, the first zinc oxide arrester is conducted to consume energy, and the current is gradually reduced; after the current on the converter station side circuit breaker crosses zero, the first thyristor valve group is naturally extinguished, and the converter station side fault isolation process is finished;
on the line side, after the fault line is isolated, the line inductor and the current limiter inductor reversely charge the second capacitor bank, and after the capacitor voltage rises to reach the threshold voltage of the second zinc oxide arrester connected in parallel, the second zinc oxide arrester is conducted to consume the energy stored on the inductor, and the current is gradually reduced; after the current on the circuit breaker at the line side crosses zero, the second thyristor valve group is naturally extinguished, and the line side fault isolation process is finished.
Preferably, after a fault occurs, the converter station side circuit breaker and the line side circuit breaker form a resonant circuit, and the generated reverse resonant current flows through the ultra-fast mechanical switch, so that the arc of the ultra-fast mechanical switch is rapidly extinguished; after the fault line is isolated from the power grid, the line side circuit breaker and the converter station side circuit breaker are respectively used for isolating fault current. The structure of the direct current circuit breaker provided by the embodiment can effectively reduce the number of full-control devices of the circuit breaker and reduce the control complexity; the fault isolation speed is high; the on-state loss is low; and no precharge circuit is required.
Preferably, the multi-terminal active resonant dc circuit breaker of this embodiment includes a Converter-side circuit breaker (CSB), a Line-side circuit breaker (LSB) and an Ultra-fast mechanical switch (UFD) installed on the Converter station side. The reverse current provided by the resonant tank consisting of CSB and LSB will create a zero current turn-off condition for the UFD after a dc short fault. The multi-end active resonant DC circuit breaker has the advantages of short fault isolation time, low on-state loss, no need of a pre-charging circuit and a large number of full-control devices.
For a direct current power grid based on a Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) as shown in fig. 1, the power grid includes a Converter station and a plurality of direct current outgoing lines, wherein one Converter station corresponds to one CSB, and each outgoing line corresponds to one LSB and one UFD, respectively.
And the CSB is arranged at the direct current outlet of the converter station in parallel and is used for cutting off direct current fault current at the converter station side. The CSB comprises a thyristor valve group (T)CSB) A current-limiting inductor (L)CSB) A capacitor bank (C)CSB) And a zinc Oxide Arrester (MOA) for absorbing energy. According to different application scenarios, components in each valve group can be connected in series and parallel through proper connection to meet different power grid requirements.
And the LSBs are parallelly installed on each direct current outlet line of the converter station and are used for blocking fault current at the line side. The LSB comprises a thyristor valve group (T)LSB) A diode valve bank (D) for precharging1) And a current limiting resistor (R)1) A capacitor bank (C)LSB) And a MOA for absorbing energy. According to different application scenarios, components in each valve group can be connected in series and parallel through proper connection to meet different power grid requirements.
And the UFD is arranged between the LSB and the CSB on the line side and provides a channel for the normal current circulation of the power grid.
In addition, a Fault Current Limiter (FCL) is installed on each line to limit the rising speed of the Fault Current.
As shown in fig. 5, the control method of the circuit breaker topology includes the following steps:
when the DC power grid operates normally, the UFD flows normal current, and C in LSBLSBBy D1、R1To carry out pre-preparationAnd (6) charging.
After a short-circuit fault occurs in a direct-current power grid, the control method of the circuit breaker comprises the following steps:
step S1: after the direct current fault occurs, the converter station discharges to a fault point, the fault current rapidly rises, and after the direct current protection setting value is reached, the circuit breaker starts to act and sends a turn-off signal to the UFD.
Step S2: after a delay of 2 ms the UFD contacts are separated, but the converter station continues to feed current to the point of failure through the arc on the UFD, since there are no current zero crossings. At this time, the thyristor valve group T is triggeredLSBAnd TCSBC is to beCSB、LCSBAnd a precharge capacitor CLSBAnd when the three circuits are connected into a fault loop, the resonance current generated by the three circuits flows through the UFD and is opposite to the fault current. The current on the UFD rapidly decreases to zero and the arc naturally extinguishes. Up to this point, the fault line has been isolated from the dc grid.
Step S3: on the converter station side, the converter station will continue to pass through T after the faulty line is isolatedCSBTo CCSBAnd (6) charging. After the capacitor voltage rises to reach the MOA threshold voltage in parallel, the MOA is conducted to consume energy, and the current is gradually reduced. After the current zero crossing on the CSB, TCSBNaturally extinguishing, and finishing the fault isolation process of the converter station side.
Step S4: line inductance and current limiter inductance pair C on the line side after fault line isolationLSBAnd carrying out reverse charging, conducting by the MOA to consume the energy stored on the inductor after the capacitor voltage rises to reach the MOA threshold voltage in parallel, and gradually reducing the current. After current zero crossing on LSB, TLSBAnd naturally extinguishing, and finishing the fault isolation process at the line side.
Fig. 4 shows a block diagram of an example of the invention applied to a four-terminal dc network, where each converter station outlet is provided with a CSB and both outgoing lines of each converter station are individually provided with an LSB and an UFD.
The control strategy ensures that the direct current power grid based on the multi-terminal active resonant direct current circuit breaker can effectively extinguish the short-circuit current and clear the short-circuit fault.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A multi-end active resonant mode direct current breaker is characterized in that: the system comprises a converter station side circuit breaker, a plurality of line side circuit breakers and a plurality of ultra-fast mechanical switches; the converter station side circuit breaker is connected in parallel at a converter station outlet and used for cutting off direct-current fault current at the converter station side; the line side circuit breakers are arranged on all direct current outgoing lines of the converter station in parallel and used for blocking fault current at the line side; the ultra-fast mechanical switches are installed on each direct current circuit in series and located between the converter station side circuit breaker and the line side circuit breaker, and each line side circuit breaker is connected with one ultra-fast mechanical switch in series;
when a direct current power grid operates normally, normal current flows through the ultra-fast mechanical switch, a second capacitor bank in the circuit side breaker is pre-charged through a diode valve bank and a current-limiting resistor, and the converter station side breaker is not connected to the power grid;
after the direct current fault occurs, the converter station discharges to a fault point, the fault current rapidly rises, after the direct current protection setting value is reached, the converter station side circuit breaker and the line side circuit breaker start to act, and an external power grid sends a turn-off signal to the ultra-fast mechanical switch; after the delay of 2 ms, the contact of the ultra-fast mechanical switch is separated, but because no current zero crossing point exists, the converter station continues to feed current to the fault point through the arc of the ultra-fast mechanical switch; at the moment, a first thyristor valve group and a second thyristor valve group on the line side and the converter station side are conducted, a pre-charging capacitor and a current-limiting inductor in a first capacitor group are respectively connected into a fault loop, resonance current generated by the pre-charging capacitor and the current-limiting inductor is opposite to fault current, a current zero crossing point is created, and electric arcs between contacts of the ultra-fast mechanical switch are extinguished; so far, the fault line and the power grid are isolated;
at the converter station side, after the fault line is isolated, the converter station can still continuously charge the first capacitor bank through the first thyristor valve bank; after the capacitor voltage rises to reach the threshold voltage of the first zinc oxide arrester connected in parallel, the first zinc oxide arrester is conducted to consume energy, and the current is gradually reduced; after the current on the converter station side circuit breaker crosses zero, the first thyristor valve group is naturally extinguished, and the converter station side fault isolation process is finished;
on the line side, after the fault line is isolated, the line inductor and the current limiter inductor reversely charge the second capacitor bank, and after the capacitor voltage rises to reach the threshold voltage of the second zinc oxide arrester connected in parallel, the second zinc oxide arrester is conducted to consume the energy stored on the inductor, and the current is gradually reduced; after the current on the circuit breaker at the line side crosses zero, the second thyristor valve group is naturally extinguished, and the line side fault isolation process is finished.
2. A multi-terminal active resonant dc circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein: the converter station side circuit breaker comprises a first thyristor valve bank, a current-limiting inductor, a first capacitor bank and a first zinc oxide arrester; the first thyristor valve group, the current-limiting inductor and the first capacitor bank are sequentially connected in series, and the two ends of the first capacitor bank are connected with the first zinc oxide arrester in parallel.
3. A multi-terminal active resonant dc circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein: the line side circuit breaker comprises a second thyristor valve group, a diode valve group, a current-limiting resistor, a second capacitor group and a second zinc oxide arrester; the second thyristor valve group is connected with the second capacitor group in series; the diode valve group is connected with the current-limiting resistor in series and is connected with the second thyristor valve group in parallel; and two ends of the second capacitor bank are connected with the second zinc oxide arrester in parallel.
CN202011360793.XA 2020-11-27 2020-11-27 Multi-terminal active resonant DC circuit breaker and control method thereof Active CN112242694B (en)

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CN113224733B (en) * 2021-03-29 2022-06-14 天津大学 Source network matching type capacitive direct-current circuit breaker suitable for MMC direct-current power grid
CN114156846B (en) * 2021-12-02 2022-07-08 中国科学院电工研究所 Low-loss multi-terminal direct current circuit breaker and control method thereof

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CN110350491A (en) * 2019-06-14 2019-10-18 华北电力大学 Decompression clamping type direct-current breaker topology suitable for DC grid

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110350491A (en) * 2019-06-14 2019-10-18 华北电力大学 Decompression clamping type direct-current breaker topology suitable for DC grid

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