CN219843430U - Controllable voltage source and mechanical direct current breaker - Google Patents
Controllable voltage source and mechanical direct current breaker Download PDFInfo
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- CN219843430U CN219843430U CN202320965688.1U CN202320965688U CN219843430U CN 219843430 U CN219843430 U CN 219843430U CN 202320965688 U CN202320965688 U CN 202320965688U CN 219843430 U CN219843430 U CN 219843430U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a controllable voltage source and a mechanical direct current breaker, and relates to the technical field of fault breaking, wherein the controllable voltage source comprises a first diode, a second diode, a first thyristor, a second thyristor, a first precharge capacitor and a second precharge capacitor; wherein the anode of the first thyristor is connected with the cathode of the second thyristor; the anode of the second thyristor is connected with the anode of the second precharge capacitor; the negative electrode of the second precharge capacitor is connected with the positive electrode of the first precharge capacitor; the cathode of the first pre-charging capacitor is connected with the cathode of the first thyristor; the anode of the first diode is connected with the cathode of the first thyristor; the cathode of the first diode is connected with the anode of the first thyristor; the anode of the second diode is connected with the cathode of the second thyristor; the cathode of the second diode is connected with the anode of the second thyristor. The controllable voltage source adopts a semi-controlled device thyristor, so that the cost of the mechanical direct current breaker is reduced, and the reliability of the mechanical direct current breaker is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of fault breaking, in particular to a controllable voltage source and a forced resonance type mechanical direct current breaker.
Background
The continuous exploitation and consumption of global fossil energy causes environmental pollution and also brings energy crisis. New energy power generation is receiving more and more attention because of clean environmental protection and sustainability, and in recent years, new energy power generation technology is also continuously developed and applied. However, the traditional alternating current transmission technology cannot realize the new energy consumption, and the direct current transmission technology becomes a key for solving the new energy consumption problem due to the flexible and controllable technology.
When a fault occurs in alternating current transmission, the alternating current circuit breaker can conduct switching arc quenching by utilizing a zero crossing point of current to cut off the fault current, but the current does not have the zero crossing point in direct current transmission, a direct current system has the characteristics of low inertia and weak damping, the system fault development is faster, the current growth is very rapid, and the alternating current circuit breaker cannot be suitable for the direct current system. Therefore, to promote the development and application of direct current transmission, it is important to study the breaking of direct current faults. The mechanical direct current circuit breaker is used for fault removal, which is one of direct current fault breaking modes, but the existing mechanical direct current circuit breaker has high manufacturing cost, and the cost is high because the full-control device is used for controlling the oscillation development.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide a controllable voltage source and a mechanical direct current breaker, which can reduce the cost of the mechanical direct current breaker and improve the reliability of the mechanical direct current breaker.
In order to achieve the above object, the present utility model provides the following solutions:
a controllable voltage source comprising a first diode, a second diode, a first thyristor, a second thyristor, a first precharge capacitor and a second precharge capacitor;
wherein the anode of the first thyristor is connected with the cathode of the second thyristor; the anode of the second thyristor is connected with the anode of the second precharge capacitor; the negative electrode of the second precharge capacitor is connected with the positive electrode of the first precharge capacitor; the cathode of the first pre-charging capacitor is connected with the cathode of the first thyristor; the anode of the first diode is connected with the cathode of the first thyristor; the cathode of the first diode is connected with the anode of the first thyristor; the anode of the second diode is connected with the cathode of the second thyristor; and the cathode of the second diode is connected with the anode of the second thyristor.
The utility model also provides a mechanical direct current breaker applying the controllable voltage source, which comprises a main branch, an oscillation branch, the controllable voltage source and an energy consumption branch; one end of the oscillation branch is connected with the connecting end of the first precharge capacitor and the second precharge capacitor in the controllable voltage source; the other end of the oscillation branch is connected with one end of the main branch; the other end of the main branch is connected with the connecting end of the first thyristor and the second thyristor in the controllable voltage source; the energy consumption branch is connected with the main branch in parallel;
when the direct current system works normally, the main branch is in a conducting state, and the oscillation branch, the controllable voltage source branch and the energy consumption branch are in a blocking state; the direct current system is connected with two ends of the main branch;
when a direct current system has a direct current side short circuit fault, the main branch, the oscillation branch, the controllable voltage source and the energy consumption branch are matched with each other to complete fault breaking.
Optionally, the oscillation branch circuit includes an oscillation capacitor and an oscillation inductor; the oscillating capacitor and the oscillating inductor are connected in series.
Optionally, the energy dissipating branch comprises an arrester.
According to the specific embodiment provided by the utility model, the utility model discloses the following technical effects: the utility model provides a controllable voltage source and a mechanical direct current breaker, wherein the controllable voltage source comprises a first diode, a second diode, a first thyristor, a second thyristor, a first precharge capacitor and a second precharge capacitor; wherein the anode of the first thyristor is connected with the cathode of the second thyristor; the anode of the second thyristor is connected with the anode of the second precharge capacitor; the negative electrode of the second precharge capacitor is connected with the positive electrode of the first precharge capacitor; the cathode of the first pre-charging capacitor is connected with the cathode of the first thyristor; the anode of the first diode is connected with the cathode of the first thyristor; the cathode of the first diode is connected with the anode of the first thyristor; the anode of the second diode is connected with the cathode of the second thyristor; the cathode of the second diode is connected with the anode of the second thyristor. The thyristor in the controllable voltage source is a semi-controlled device, and the semi-controlled device is adopted, so that the cost of the mechanical direct current breaker is greatly reduced, and the reliability of the mechanical direct current breaker is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present utility model or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a controllable voltage source according to the present utility model;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a forced resonance type mechanical dc breaker according to the present utility model;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a mechanical dc breaker breaking fault current process according to the present utility model.
Symbol description:
1-an arrester; 2-a fast mechanical switch; 3-oscillating capacitance; 4-oscillating inductance; 5-a first diode; 6-a first thyristor; 7-a first precharge capacitor; 8-a second diode; 9-a second thyristor; 10-a second precharge capacitance.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present utility model will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.
The fully-controlled device has the problems of small current margin, complex control, high price, easy damage and the like, and causes the rising of equipment cost and the reduction of reliability. The above problems have hampered the development of dc power transmission.
The utility model aims to provide a controllable voltage source and a mechanical direct current breaker, wherein a thyristor in the controllable voltage source is a semi-controlled device, and the cost of the mechanical direct current breaker is greatly reduced and the reliability of the mechanical direct current breaker is improved by adopting the semi-controlled device.
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present utility model will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the utility model will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
As shown in fig. 1, the present utility model provides a controllable voltage source comprising a first diode 5, a second diode 8, a first thyristor 6, a second thyristor 9, a first pre-charge capacitor 7 and a second pre-charge capacitor 10. Wherein the anode of the first thyristor 6 is connected with the cathode of the second thyristor 9; the anode of the second thyristor 9 is connected with the anode of the second precharge capacitor 10; the negative electrode of the second precharge capacitor 10 is connected with the positive electrode of the first precharge capacitor 7; the cathode of the first pre-charge capacitor 7 is connected with the cathode of the first thyristor 6; the anode of the first diode 5 is connected with the cathode of the first thyristor 6; the cathode of the first diode 5 is connected with the anode of the first thyristor 6; the anode of the second diode 8 is connected with the cathode of the second thyristor 9; the cathode of the second diode 8 is connected to the anode of the second thyristor 9.
As shown in fig. 2, the present utility model further provides a mechanical dc breaker applying the controllable voltage source, where the mechanical dc breaker includes a main branch, an oscillating branch, a controllable voltage source, and an energy dissipation branch; one end of the oscillation branch is connected with the connecting ends of the first precharge capacitor 7 and the second precharge capacitor 10 in the controllable voltage source; the other end of the oscillation branch is connected with one end of the main branch; the other end of the main branch is connected with the connecting end of the first thyristor 6 and the second thyristor 9 in the controllable voltage source, and the protection circuit of the thyristors is not shown. The energy consuming branch is connected in parallel with the main branch. The oscillation branch circuit comprises an oscillation capacitor 3 and an oscillation inductor 4; the oscillating capacitor 3 and the oscillating inductor 4 are connected in series. The energy consuming branch comprises a lightning arrester 1. The lightning arrester may be a metal oxide lightning arrester.
The input end of the main branch is respectively connected with the input end of the oscillation branch and the input end of the energy consumption branch, and the output end of the main branch is respectively connected with the output end of the controllable voltage source and the output end of the energy consumption branch; the input end of the oscillation branch is connected with the input end of the main branch and the input end of the energy consumption branch, and the output end of the oscillation branch is connected with the input end of the controllable voltage source.
When the direct current system works normally, the main branch is in a conducting state, and the oscillation branch, the controllable voltage source branch and the energy consumption branch are in a blocking state; the direct current system is connected with two ends of the main branch. When the direct current system is in normal operation, the mechanical direct current breaker is in a conducting state and flows rated direct current. At this time, the fast mechanical switch 2 of the main branch is in a closing state, the thyristor of the controllable voltage source is in a blocking state, and the lightning arrester 1 (MOV) of the energy-consuming branch does not act.
When a direct current system has a direct current side short circuit fault, the main branch, the oscillation branch, the controllable voltage source and the energy consumption branch are matched with each other to complete fault breaking.
And when a direct current system has a direct current side short circuit fault, the quick mechanical switch 2 in the main branch is controlled to be opened.
When the fracture distance of the quick mechanical switch 2 is the design opening distance corresponding to the transient state break-off voltage tolerance of the quick mechanical switch 2, the first thyristor 6 and the second thyristor 9 are controlled to trigger alternately, and the serial branch circuit formed by the oscillation branch circuit and the controllable voltage source and the main branch circuit form an oscillation circuit to generate oscillation current; and the oscillating current is gradually increased until the oscillating current is equal to the fault current flowing through the main branch and opposite in direction, an electric arc between the quick mechanical switch contacts is extinguished, the triggering control of the first thyristor and the second thyristor is stopped, and the fault current begins to flow through the series branch to charge the capacitor in the series branch.
When the voltage of the series branch reaches a threshold voltage, the fault current starts to flow through the energy consumption branch, and the energy consumption branch consumes inductive energy of an inductive element in a direct current system so as to gradually reduce the fault current and complete fault breaking.
Wherein, the first thyristor 6 and the second thyristor 9 are controlled to trigger alternately, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
controlling the first thyristor 6 to trigger, and discharging the first precharge capacitor 7; the second thyristor 9 is controlled to trigger and the second precharge capacitor 10 is discharged.
When the first thyristor 6 and the second thyristor 9 are controlled to trigger alternately, after the first thyristor 6 is controlled to trigger, when the oscillating current reaches a zero crossing point and is delayed by a dead time, the second thyristor 9 is controlled to trigger; after controlling the second thyristor 9 to trigger, when the oscillating current reaches a zero crossing point and after delaying by the dead time, controlling the first thyristor 6 to trigger.
Specifically, when a direct current side short circuit fault occurs in the direct current system, the mechanical direct current breaker receives a switching-off command and acts.
Firstly, the main branch quick mechanical switch 2 is opened, the moving contact and the fixed contact thereof are continuously pulled open, and the fracture spacing (fracture insulation spacing) is gradually enlarged until reaching the design opening spacing which is enough to withstand transient break-off voltage.
Next, the first thyristor 6 in the controllable voltage source is triggered and the first pre-charge capacitor 7 is discharged. After the zero crossing of the oscillating current, the second thyristor 9 is temporarily turned off. After the oscillation current crosses zero and the reverse recovery of the first thyristor 6 is completed, the second thyristor 9 is turned on, and the second precharge capacitor 10 discharges. The first thyristor 6 is temporarily turned off after the zero crossing of the oscillating current. The control is repeated until the oscillation current generated in the serial branch consisting of the oscillation branch and the controllable voltage source counteracts the main branch and the fault current, the main branch current is the vector sum of the oscillation current and the fault current, a current zero crossing point is formed on the quick mechanical switch 2, the current zero crossing arc quenching of the quick mechanical switch 2 of the main branch is carried out, and the fault current can not flow through the main branch any more. Then, when the voltage of the serial branch reaches the action voltage of the lightning arrester 1 (MOV), the MOV is changed from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance conduction state, and meanwhile, the thyristor is controlled to be disconnected, so that the fault current can not flow through the serial branch any more, the fault current is converted to an energy-consumption branch, and the MOV in the energy-consumption branch acts and consumes inductive energy in a direct current system. When the direct current system current gradually decays to tens of milliamperes, namely, is close to 0, the mechanical direct current circuit breaker completes system direct current side fault clearing. At this point, the dc system voltage is distributed across the oscillating branch and the controllable voltage source.
The process of breaking the fault current of the mechanical dc breaker in this embodiment is shown in fig. 3:
t 0 before the moment, the main branch of the mechanical direct current breaker flows through the normal current of the system, namely the direct current system is in a normal working state, and the voltage of the first pre-charge capacitor 7 and the voltage of the second pre-charge capacitor 10 are maintained at preset rated values.
t 0 At this point, the dc system line is shorted, and fault current may flow from the left side of the main branch. Inflow from the right side of the main branch is also possible. The condition of the direct current system line fault is that the current flowing through the main branch of the mechanical direct current breaker reaches a high current value at a high speed in a short time, and the high current value exceeds the limit value set by the control protection system. When short circuit occurs, the energy consumption branch, the oscillation branch and the controllable voltage source in the mechanical direct current breaker are not conducted, and the current is 0.
t 0 ～t 1 : continuous development of short circuit fault and rapid fault current of direct current systemRising.
t 1 At moment, the fault current of the direct current system rises to a protection threshold value, and the protection system is controlled to send a brake opening instruction to the mechanical direct current breaker.
t 1 ～t 2 Time period: this process is a process in which the fast mechanical switch 2 receives a signal until the contacts of the fast mechanical switch 2 are pulled up to a rated opening distance (design opening distance). t is t 2 At the moment, the fracture distance of the quick mechanical switch 2 is a design opening distance, and the design opening distance is a distance which meets the transient state opening voltage tolerance of the quick mechanical switch 2.
t 2 Time of day: the fracture insulation distance is enlarged to a design opening distance which is enough to withstand transient break-off voltage, a trigger signal is sent to the first thyristor 6 or the second thyristor 9, an oscillation current starts to appear in an oscillation branch, and particularly, a signal is sent to a thyristor driving module through a control protection system, and the thyristor driving module controls the first thyristor 6 or the second thyristor 9 to be turned on.
t 2 ～t 3 Time period: the thyristors are triggered alternately, the precharge capacitors are discharged alternately, and the oscillating current is continuously developed and becomes large. In this embodiment, either the first thyristor 6 or the second thyristor 9 may be triggered first. If the clockwise direction is specified as the positive direction of the oscillating current, then a positive current is turned on for the first thyristor 6 and a negative current is turned on for the second thyristor 9. The alternate triggering needs to be careful to set a certain dead time, for example, after the first thyristor 6 is turned on, the oscillating current is positive, the second thyristor 9 is not triggered immediately when the positive oscillating current passes zero, and the second thyristor 9 can be triggered only after the dead time passes after the zero crossing. The triggering flow of the thyristor can be as follows: triggering the first thyristor 6-the forward current zero crossing-passing the dead time-triggering the second thyristor 9-the reverse current zero crossing-passing the dead time-triggering the first thyristor 6, thus cyclically and alternately triggering. In dead time, oscillating current flows through an anti-parallel diode of the thyristor to be turned off to manufacture back pressure at two ends of the thyristor, so that the thyristor is turned off. The magnitude of the back pressure is the magnitude of the diode on-state voltage drop.
t 3 At the moment, oscillating current is in main branch and fault electricityThe current counteracts to form a current zero crossing point, the current of the quick mechanical switch 2 is in zero crossing arc extinction, and the quick mechanical switch 2 is turned off. The fault current starts to commutate to the serial branch formed by the oscillating branch and the controllable voltage source. The current of the quick mechanical switch 2 crosses zero, the electric arc between the contacts of the quick mechanical switch 2 is extinguished, and the main branch is in a non-conducting state.
t 3 ～t 4 Time period: the fault current flows through the oscillation branch and the controllable voltage source to charge the branch capacitor continuously, and the capacitor voltage rises rapidly. Determining a charged capacitor according to the arc extinction moment of the quick mechanical switch 2 and the fault current direction, and charging the oscillating capacitor 3 and the second pre-charging capacitor 10 by the fault current if the fault current flows from left to right and the second thyristor 9 is in a conducting state when the quick mechanical switch 2 is in an arc extinction state; if the fault current flows from left to right and the second thyristor 9 is in an off state when the fast mechanical switch 2 is arcing, the fault current charges the oscillating capacitor 3, the first pre-charge capacitor 7. If the fault current flows from right to left and the first thyristor 6 is in a conducting state when the fast mechanical switch 2 is in an arc-extinguishing state, the fault current charges the oscillating capacitor 3 and the first pre-charging capacitor 7; if the fault current flows from right to left and the first thyristor 6 is in an off state when the fast mechanical switch 2 is quenched, the fault current charges the oscillating capacitor 3, the second pre-charge capacitor 10.
t 4 At moment, the total voltage of the oscillation branch and the series branch of the controllable voltage source reaches MOV action voltage, the energy consumption branch MOV acts, fault current starts to commutate to the energy consumption branch, and the thyristor starts to turn off.
t 4 ～t 5 Time period: the MOV in the energy consuming branch acts and consumes inductive energy in the dc system, which means that the current in the energy consuming branch is continuously reduced to approximately 0.
t 5 Time of day: and when the system current gradually decays to tens of milliamperes, the breaker completes fault breaking. The dc system voltage will be distributed over the oscillating branch and the controllable voltage source.
The utility model uses the semi-controlled device to replace the fully-controlled device, and promotes the application of direct current transmission with the advantages of low cost and high reliability. The mechanical direct current breaker comprises a brand new controllable voltage source using a thyristor, can enlarge the development of oscillating current, can realize bidirectional current breaking, and completes the replacement of a semi-controlled device to a fully-controlled device. The low-voltage large capacitor (a first precharge capacitor and a second precharge capacitor) is used for storing energy, and the high-voltage small capacitor (an oscillation capacitor) is used for oscillation, so that the cost of the capacitor is reduced; compared with the prior art adopting a fully-controlled device, the thyristor device reduces the cost of the device and increases the current margin. In addition, the thyristor device is used for controlling the oscillation current to develop greatly, so that the reliability and the economy of the breaker equipment are further improved.
The utility model overcomes the defects of the traditional forced resonance type mechanical direct current breaker, has the advantages of low on-state loss, no need of water cooling equipment for a main branch, low manufacturing cost, small occupied area, high turn-off reliability and the like, and meets the requirements of reducing the cost of the mechanical direct current breaker and not using a full control device.
The controllable voltage source in the utility model can use the same control mode to controllably discharge the precharge capacitor no matter the current direction of the main branch, and can rapidly and reliably realize the current zero crossing of the main branch. According to the utility model, the current flowing through the quick mechanical switch is enabled to pass through zero through superposition of the oscillating current and the fault current in the main branch, so that the electric arc of the quick mechanical switch is extinguished, and the current is opened. The oscillating current can generate current in the forward and reverse directions, so that the oscillating current and fault current in two directions can be counteracted on the main branch to generate zero crossing point as long as the oscillating current is generated. Therefore, whatever control mode, as long as the controllable discharge of the precharge capacitor can be controlled to generate oscillation current, the method is suitable for bidirectional fault breaking. The controllable voltage source has positive and negative levels, and can realize forward and reverse charging of oscillating current. The control of oscillation can be realized by using the thyristor, the control is simpler, the surge capacity of the thyristor is fully utilized, and the oscillation is more reliable. The voltage born by the precharge capacitor in the controllable voltage source module is very small, so that the cost of the precharge capacitor is low, and the serial number of the power electronic switch devices is also very small; the full control type device is not adopted, so that the unit price of the required power electronic switching device is low, and the volume and the total cost of the equipment are greatly reduced.
In the present specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment is mainly described in a different point from other embodiments, and identical and similar parts between the embodiments are all enough to refer to each other.
The principles and embodiments of the present utility model have been described herein with reference to specific examples, the description of which is intended only to assist in understanding the methods of the present utility model and the core ideas thereof; also, it is within the scope of the present utility model to be modified by those of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present teachings. In view of the foregoing, this description should not be construed as limiting the utility model.
Claims (4)
1. A controllable voltage source, wherein the controllable voltage source comprises a first diode, a second diode, a first thyristor, a second thyristor, a first precharge capacitor and a second precharge capacitor;
wherein the anode of the first thyristor is connected with the cathode of the second thyristor; the anode of the second thyristor is connected with the anode of the second precharge capacitor; the negative electrode of the second precharge capacitor is connected with the positive electrode of the first precharge capacitor; the cathode of the first pre-charging capacitor is connected with the cathode of the first thyristor; the anode of the first diode is connected with the cathode of the first thyristor; the cathode of the first diode is connected with the anode of the first thyristor; the anode of the second diode is connected with the cathode of the second thyristor; and the cathode of the second diode is connected with the anode of the second thyristor.
2. A mechanical dc breaker employing the controllable voltage source of claim 1, wherein the mechanical dc breaker comprises a main leg, an oscillating leg, a controllable voltage source, and a dissipative leg; one end of the oscillation branch is connected with the connecting end of the first precharge capacitor and the second precharge capacitor in the controllable voltage source; the other end of the oscillation branch is connected with one end of the main branch; the other end of the main branch is connected with the connecting end of the first thyristor and the second thyristor in the controllable voltage source; the energy consumption branch is connected with the main branch in parallel;
when the direct current system works normally, the main branch is in a conducting state, and the oscillation branch, the controllable voltage source branch and the energy consumption branch are in a blocking state; the direct current system is connected with two ends of the main branch;
when a direct current system has a direct current side short circuit fault, the main branch, the oscillation branch, the controllable voltage source and the energy consumption branch are matched with each other to complete fault breaking.
3. The mechanical dc circuit breaker of claim 2, wherein the oscillating branch comprises an oscillating capacitance and an oscillating inductance; the oscillating capacitor and the oscillating inductor are connected in series.
4. The mechanical dc circuit breaker according to claim 2, characterized in that the energy dissipating branch comprises a lightning arrester.
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| CN202320965688.1U CN219843430U (en) | 2023-04-26 | 2023-04-26 | Controllable voltage source and mechanical direct current breaker |
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| CN202320965688.1U CN219843430U (en) | 2023-04-26 | 2023-04-26 | Controllable voltage source and mechanical direct current breaker |
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