CN110112709B - Direct current breaker and method for pre-charging by using system direct current voltage - Google Patents
Direct current breaker and method for pre-charging by using system direct current voltage Download PDFInfo
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- CN110112709B CN110112709B CN201910302812.4A CN201910302812A CN110112709B CN 110112709 B CN110112709 B CN 110112709B CN 201910302812 A CN201910302812 A CN 201910302812A CN 110112709 B CN110112709 B CN 110112709B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/261—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations
- H02H7/262—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations involving transmissions of switching or blocking orders
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/261—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations
- H02H7/263—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured involving signal transmission between at least two stations involving transmissions of measured values
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
- H02H7/26—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured
- H02H7/268—Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured for dc systems
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- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a direct current breaker and a method for pre-charging by using system direct current voltage, wherein the direct current breaker comprises a main connecting branch, a main breaking branch, an energy absorption branch and an auxiliary branch; the main branch circuit comprises a quick mechanical switch and a residual current switch which are connected in series, the main branch circuit comprises a rectifier bridge, a thyristor, an inductor and a capacitor, and the energy-absorbing branch circuit comprises a lightning arrester. The direct current circuit breaker can utilize the direct current voltage of the system to pre-charge the capacitor, and an additional pre-charge power supply is not needed, so that the direct current circuit breaker can be better applied to a direct current power grid.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of direct current circuit breakers, in particular to a direct current circuit breaker and a method for pre-charging by using system direct current voltage.
Background
A flexible direct-current power grid based on a Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) can flexibly turn over the power flow, quickly control active power and reactive power, and has wide application prospects in the fields of new energy consumption, power grid interconnection, passive power grid power supply and the like. However, when a dc fault occurs in the dc power grid, the internal capacitor of the inverter discharges to the fault point quickly, and the fault current increases quickly. The fault clearing scheme based on the direct current circuit breaker has the advantages of being capable of quickly isolating a fault area and guaranteeing normal operation of a system in a non-fault area, and is widely concerned.
Compared with a hybrid direct current breaker, the mechanical direct current breaker has the advantages of negligible conduction loss, low manufacturing cost and small occupied area. The early mechanical direct current circuit breaker forms an artificial current zero point by utilizing self-oscillation, thereby extinguishing an electric arc in a mechanical switch and prolonging time. The active oscillation type mechanical direct current breaker forms an oscillation loop by connecting a pre-charging capacitor, an inductor and a mechanical switch in series. When the discharge current of the capacitor is equal to the current flowing through the mechanical switch in amplitude and opposite in direction, an artificial current zero point is formed. However, most of the existing active oscillation type mechanical direct current circuit breakers need an additional alternating current power supply to pre-charge the capacitor, so that the complexity of system design is increased, and the application of the direct current circuit breaker on a passive power grid side is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides a direct current breaker and a method for pre-charging by using a system direct current voltage.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a direct current breaker using system direct current voltage for pre-charging comprises a main open branch, a main break branch, an energy absorption branch and an auxiliary branch;
the main branch circuit comprises a quick mechanical switch CB and a residual current switch RCB which are connected in series;
the main breaking branch comprises a rectifier bridge and a thyristor S0Inductor L and capacitor C1；
The rectifier bridge is connected with a quick mechanical switch CB in parallel, and the thyristor S0Inductor L and capacitor C1The common cathode end and the common anode end of the rectifier bridge are connected in series in sequence and bridged;
the energy absorption branch comprises an arrester MOV;
the lightning arrester MOV is connected with the quick mechanical switch CB in parallel;
one end of the auxiliary branch is connected with the thyristor S0And a capacitor C1And the other end is grounded.
The rectifier bridge comprises a first bridge arm, a second bridge arm, a third bridge arm and a fourth bridge arm;
the first bridge arm is composed of a diode D1And thyristor S1Are connected in series;
the second bridge arm diode D2And thyristor S2Are connected in series;
the bridge arm three-channel diode D3And thyristor S3Are connected in series;
the bridge arm four-channel diode D4And thyristor S4Are connected in series;
the cathode of the first bridge arm is connected with the cathode of the second bridge arm, the anode of the third bridge arm is connected with the anode of the fourth bridge arm, the anode of the first bridge arm is connected with the cathode of the third bridge arm, and the anode of the second bridge arm is connected with the cathode of the fourth bridge arm.
The auxiliary branch comprises a resistor R1Capacitor C2A lightning rod MOV1 and a residual current switch RCB 1;
the residue isThe residual current switch RCB1 and the lightning rod MOV1 are connected in series and then connected in parallel with the capacitor C2Two ends, the resistance R1One terminal and thyristor S0Connected with the other end of the capacitor C2Connected, the capacitor C2And (4) grounding.
The auxiliary branch circuit also comprises a resistor R2Said resistance R2And the bridge is bridged at two ends of the third bridge arm.
A method of a dc circuit breaker using system dc voltage pre-charging, comprising:
in the initial state of S1, a residual current switch RCB and a residual current switch RCB1 are closed, and a direct current system passes through a resistor R2To the capacitor C1And a capacitor C2Charging, capacitance C1And a capacitor C2After charging is completed, a residual current switch RCB1 is turned on to avoid overheating of an arrester MOV 1;
after the S2 direct current system detects a fault, the rapid mechanical switch CB starts to be disconnected and is subjected to arc burning, and the disconnection time of the rapid mechanical switch CB is usually several milliseconds;
s3 system current flows from left to right through the fast mechanical switch CB: if the contact pitch of the CB of the quick mechanical switch is enough to endure the transient recovery voltage, the thyristor S is conducted0Thyristor S1Thyristor S4(ii) a Capacitor C1A discharge loop is formed by the inductor L, the fourth bridge arm, the CB and the first bridge arm, and when a system current flows through the CB from right to left: once the contact spacing of the CB of the fast mechanical switch is sufficient to withstand the transient recovery voltage, the thyristor S is turned on0Thyristor S2Thyristor S3(ii) a Capacitor C1A discharge loop is formed by the inductor L, the third bridge arm, the fast mechanical switch CB and the second bridge arm;
s4, when the discharge amplitude of the capacitor is equal to the system current, the current of the fast mechanical switch CB crosses zero, the electric arc is extinguished, the medium between the moving contact and the static contact of the fast mechanical switch CB is quickly restored to be insulated, and the fast mechanical switch CB is not conducted with the current any more;
s5, along with the charging of the capacitor C1, the voltage at two ends of the rapid mechanical switch CB rises to the reference voltage of the arrester MOV, the fault current is transferred to an arrester MOV branch circuit, the residual energy of a direct current circuit and a current-limiting inductor is released through the arrester MOV, the fault current gradually drops, the last residual current is cut off by the residual current switch RCB, and the residual current switch RCB can usually cut off smaller residual current within tens of milliseconds.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention pre-charges the capacitor by using the direct-current voltage of the system without an additional pre-charging power supply, so that the direct-current circuit breaker can be better applied to a direct-current power grid.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit configuration diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, a dc circuit breaker using system dc voltage for pre-charging includes a main open branch, a main break branch, an energy absorption branch and an auxiliary branch;
the main through branch comprises a rapid mechanical switch CB and a residual current switch RCB which are connected in series, one end of the main through branch is connected with a direct current bus, the other end of the main through branch is connected with a direct current transmission line, and the rapid mechanical switch CB is formed by connecting a plurality of vacuum switch tubes in series and can complete opening within milliseconds so as to bear the maximum transient turn-off voltage; the residual current switch RCB can switch off a small direct current residual current in tens of milliseconds.
The main breaking branch comprises a rectifier bridge and a thyristor S0Inductor L and capacitor C1(ii) a The rectifier bridge is connected with a quick mechanical switch CB in parallel, and the thyristor S0Inductor L and capacitor C1Sequentially connected in series and bridged at common cathode end and common anode end of rectifier bridge, with one end connected to thyristor S1And thyristor S2And the other end is connected to a diode D3And a diode D4In the meantime.
The rectifier bridge is provided with four bridge arms, each bridge arm is formed by connecting a large number of diodes and a small number of thyristors in series, and the four bridge arms are a first bridge arm, a second bridge arm, a third bridge arm and a fourth bridge arm;
the first bridge arm is composed of a diode D1And thyristor S1Are connected in series;
the second bridge arm diode D2And thyristor S2Are connected in series;
the bridge arm three-channel diode D3And thyristor S3Are connected in series;
the bridge arm four-channel diode D4And thyristor S4Are connected in series;
the cathode of the first bridge arm is connected with the cathode of the second bridge arm, the anode of the third bridge arm is connected with the anode of the fourth bridge arm, the anode of the first bridge arm is connected with the cathode of the third bridge arm, and the anode of the second bridge arm is connected with the cathode of the fourth bridge arm;
the diode D1、D2、D3、D4And a thyristor S1Need to withstand system-level DC voltage, the thyristor S1、S2、S3And S4The voltage required to bear is the sum of the CB arcing voltage and the conduction voltage drop of the rectifier bridge arm, and is far less than the system level direct current voltage.
The energy absorption branch comprises an arrester MOV which is connected in parallel at two ends of the quick mechanical switch and is used for absorbing energy stored by the line inductance.
The auxiliary branch comprises a resistor R1Resistance R2Capacitor C2A lightning rod MOV1 and a residual current switch RCB 1. Resistance R2Connected in parallel to the diode D3And thyristor S3Two ends of the bridge arm are connected with a residual current switch RCB1 and a lightning rod MOV1 in series and then connected with a capacitor C in parallel2Two ends, resistance R1One end of and a thyristor S0Cathode connected to the other end of the capacitor C2Connection, capacitance C2And the other end of the same is grounded.
The specific working process of the invention is as follows:
in the initial state of S1, a residual current switch RCB and a residual current switch RCB1 are closed, and a direct current system passes through a resistor R2To the capacitor C1And a capacitor C2Charging, capacitance C1And a capacitor C2After charging is completed, a residual current switch RCB1 is turned on to avoid overheating of an arrester MOV 1;
after the S2 direct current system detects a fault, the rapid mechanical switch CB starts to be disconnected and is subjected to arc burning, and the disconnection time of the rapid mechanical switch CB is usually several milliseconds;
s3 system current flows from left to right through the fast mechanical switch CB: if the contact pitch of the CB of the quick mechanical switch is enough to endure the transient recovery voltage, the thyristor S is conducted0Thyristor S1Thyristor S4(ii) a Capacitor C1A discharge loop is formed by the inductor L, the fourth bridge arm, the CB and the first bridge arm, and when a system current flows through the CB from right to left: once the contact spacing of the CB of the fast mechanical switch is sufficient to withstand the transient recovery voltage, the thyristor S is turned on0Thyristor S2Thyristor S3(ii) a Capacitor C1A discharge loop is formed by the inductor L, the third bridge arm, the fast mechanical switch CB and the second bridge arm;
s4, when the discharge amplitude of the capacitor is equal to the system current, the current of the fast mechanical switch CB crosses zero, the electric arc is extinguished, the medium between the moving contact and the static contact of the fast mechanical switch CB is quickly restored to be insulated, and the fast mechanical switch CB is not conducted with the current any more;
s5 following capacitance C1The charging of, the voltage at quick mechanical switch CB both ends rises to the reference voltage of arrester MOV, and fault current shifts to arrester MOV branch road, and the residual energy of direct current circuit and current-limiting inductance is released through the arrester MOV, and fault current descends gradually, and last residual current is amputated by residual current switch RCB, and residual current switch RCB can usually be in tens of milliseconds cut off less residual current.
In the prior art, the capacitor of the mechanical direct current circuit breaker needs to be precharged after rectification by an alternating current power supply. The direct current circuit breaker can utilize a direct current system to pre-charge the capacitor, and an additional pre-charging power supply is not needed.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A direct current breaker using system direct current voltage for pre-charging is characterized by comprising a main connecting branch, a main breaking branch, an energy absorption branch and an auxiliary branch;
the main branch circuit comprises a quick mechanical switch CB and a residual current switch RCB which are connected in series;
the main breaking branch comprises a rectifier bridge and a thyristor S0Inductor L and capacitor C1；
The rectifier bridge is connected with a quick mechanical switch CB in parallel, and the thyristor S0Inductor L and capacitor C1The common cathode end and the common anode end of the rectifier bridge are connected in series in sequence and bridged;
the energy absorption branch comprises an arrester MOV;
the lightning arrester MOV is connected with the quick mechanical switch CB in parallel;
one end of the auxiliary branch is connected with the thyristor S0And a capacitor C1And the other end is grounded.
2. The direct current circuit breaker of claim 1, wherein the rectifier bridge comprises a first bridge arm, a second bridge arm, a third bridge arm and a fourth bridge arm;
the first bridge arm is composed of a diode D1And thyristor S1Are connected in series;
the second bridge arm diode D2And thyristor S2Are connected in series;
the bridge arm three-channel diode D3And thyristor S3Are connected in series;
the bridge arm four-channel diode D4And thyristor S4Are connected in series;
the cathode of the first bridge arm is connected with the cathode of the second bridge arm, the anode of the third bridge arm is connected with the anode of the fourth bridge arm, the anode of the first bridge arm is connected with the cathode of the third bridge arm, and the anode of the second bridge arm is connected with the cathode of the fourth bridge arm.
3. The direct current circuit breaker according to claim 2, characterized in that said auxiliary branch comprises a resistance R1Capacitor C2An arrester MOV1 and a residual current switch RCB 1;
the residual current switch RCB1 and the lightning rod MOV1 are connected in series and then connected in parallel with the capacitor C2Two ends, the resistance R1One terminal and thyristor S0Connected with the other end of the capacitor C2Is connected to the capacitor C2And the other end of the same is grounded.
4. The DC circuit breaker according to claim 3, further comprising a resistor R2Said resistance R2And the bridge is bridged at two ends of the third bridge arm.
5. A method of a direct current circuit breaker according to claim 4, characterized by the steps of:
in the initial state of S1, a residual current switch RCB and a residual current switch RCB1 are closed, and a direct current system passes through a resistor R2To the capacitor C1And a capacitor C2Charging, capacitance C1And a capacitor C2After charging is completed, a residual current switch RCB1 is turned on to avoid overheating of an arrester MOV 1;
s2, after the direct current system detects the fault, the quick mechanical switch CB starts to break and arc;
s3 system current flows from left to right through the fast mechanical switch CB: if the contact pitch of the CB of the quick mechanical switch is enough to endure the transient recovery voltage, the thyristor S is conducted0Thyristor S1Thyristor S4(ii) a Capacitor C1A discharge loop is formed by the inductor L, the fourth bridge arm, the CB and the first bridge arm, and when a system current flows through the CB from right to left: once the contact spacing of the CB of the fast mechanical switch is sufficient to withstand the transient recovery voltage, the thyristor S is turned on0Thyristor S2Thyristor S3(ii) a Capacitor C1Through inductance L, bridge arm three, quick mechanical switchCB. The second bridge arm forms a discharge loop;
s4, when the discharge amplitude of the capacitor is equal to the system current, the current of the fast mechanical switch CB crosses zero, the electric arc is extinguished, the medium between the moving contact and the static contact of the fast mechanical switch CB is quickly restored to be insulated, and the fast mechanical switch CB is not conducted with the current any more;
s5 following capacitance C1The charging of, the voltage at quick mechanical switch CB both ends rises to the reference voltage of arrester MOV, and fault current shifts to arrester MOV branch road, and direct current circuit and current-limiting inductance's residual energy are released through the arrester MOV, and fault current descends gradually, and last residual current is amputated by residual current switch RCB.
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| CN113224733B (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2022-06-14 | 天津大学 | Source network matching type capacitive direct-current circuit breaker suitable for MMC direct-current power grid |
| CN113852051B (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2022-05-10 | 中国科学院电工研究所 | Direct-current solid-state circuit breaker with bidirectional switching-on and switching-off and soft starting functions and control method |
| CN114243648A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-03-25 | 国网河北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Pre-current-limiting type hybrid direct current circuit breaker and control method thereof |
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