CN113604459B - 一种磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶及其应用 - Google Patents
一种磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN113604459B CN113604459B CN202111023465.5A CN202111023465A CN113604459B CN 113604459 B CN113604459 B CN 113604459B CN 202111023465 A CN202111023465 A CN 202111023465A CN 113604459 B CN113604459 B CN 113604459B
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- mortierella alpina
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- phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
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- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
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- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶及其应用,属于基因工程以及微生物工程技术领域。本发明披露了磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶是糖异生途径的限速酶,参与胞内碳通量的分配,该基因对总脂质积累和多不饱和脂肪酸积累均有负调控作用。本发明通过抑制高山被孢霉的Mapepck基因的表达,可以降低糖异生水平并导致总糖水平下降从而促进脂质的积累,并在发酵后期显著提高花生四烯酸ARA产量,还能使菌株提前到达脂质最大积累时间,相比于出发菌株更具有产脂优势。本发明在工业生产中具备广泛的应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶及其应用,尤其是通过调整产油真菌糖、脂间碳源分配促进脂质积累的方法,属于基因工程和微生物工程技术领域。
背景技术
高山被孢霉(Mortierella alpina,M.alpina)是一株产油丝状真菌,能够积累大量脂质,包括甘油三酯、磷脂、甾醇和游离脂肪酸等,其中花生四烯酸(Arachidonic acid,ARA)是含量最丰富的脂肪酸,主要以甘油三酯的形式存在于脂滴中。ARA是一种长链ω-6PUFAs,存在于人体血液及重要器官中,常被作为食品配方的添加剂以促进大脑、神经系统和血管系统的发育和健康。由高山被孢霉生产的富含ARA的油脂已经由美国食品药品监督管理局安全认证,目前已被用作工业化生产食品级ARA的商业菌株,同时它也是研究脂质代谢的重要模式微生物。
近年来,对于高山被孢霉的研究已由菌种选育及发酵条件优化逐步扩大到脂质代谢相关基因的遗传改造和多组学研究中。目前多株高山被孢霉全基因组测序及注释工作已完成,研究人员已根据基因组数据分析绘制出高山被孢霉脂质代谢网络图,结合转录组、蛋白组、脂质组等数据对其脂质合成途径进行了全面解析,为该菌株的遗传改造提供了有价值的参考依据。适用于高山被孢霉的遗传操作系统也逐步建立和完善,通过对高山被孢霉脂质合成通路中关键酶的改造,以及增加脂肪酸合成过程中底物和还原力的供给,强化了高山被孢霉中总脂肪酸和ARA产量;还通过同源、异源表达ω-3脂肪酸脱饱和酶,实现了常温高产EPA高山被孢霉重组菌的构建及发酵策略优化。通过对高山被孢霉脂质合成通路进行深入探究,对构建高产高附加值PUFAs的高山被孢霉细胞工厂起到了积极的推动作用。
除了脂质以外,微生物能够将大量碳源以糖类的形式储存在细胞中,因此糖类合成也是碳代谢的重要环节,参与碳通量的分流。胞内积累的糖类可以分为结构性糖类与非结构性糖类,其中结构性糖类主要为细胞壁、膜多糖通常是碳源的的固定积累形式,多在微生物生长早期积累,例如产油酵母中解脂耶氏酵母、斯达氏油脂酵母在氮限制前的细胞增殖期大量合成多糖;而非结构糖类在细胞增殖期后依然能够继续积累,例如产油丝状真菌深黄伞型霉与产油微藻小球藻中发现在氮限制后的脂质积累期间依然可以积累大量糖类物质。而糖类的合成涉及葡萄糖-6-磷酸的分流,与产油微生物胞内糖类、脂质积累的平衡密切相关。
高山被孢霉的脂肪酸积累能力出众,具有广阔的发展前景。虽然早期已经在高山被孢霉中进行过大量脂质合成相关研究,并利用发酵工艺优化产脂或对脂质代谢相关基因的遗传改造来提高产PUFAs合成能力,但是如何提高脂质合成能力仍是一个值得继续挖掘的问题,而这需要对脂质合成直接或间接途径的代谢功能分析和高山被孢霉生长的环境适应性有进一步了解。产油微生物糖酵解与糖异生途径中的碳通量流向与脂质及糖类的合成关系密切,而目前关于高山被孢霉等产油丝状真菌中糖、脂平衡以及通过改变糖类合成进一步促进脂质还没有被深入研究过,因此,探究脂质积累过程中不同基因对于菌株的生长以及糖、脂积累过程发挥的功能,通过糖类代谢相关基因在碳流分配及糖类与脂质合成途径的调控作用,为工业化生产高山被孢霉来源的PUFAs具有指导意义。
发明内容
发明人前期通过GC-MS技术对高山被孢霉ATCC 32222进行细胞全代谢物组分分析,结果表明糖类物质在胞内全代谢物含量中占比较高,而磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK蛋白)是糖异生途径的限速酶,糖异生过程会导致丙酮酸流出脂肪酸合成途径,并为糖类的合成提供碳通量,不利于脂肪酸的生成。糖异生途径中存在4个限速步骤,都需要ATP或GTP的参与,因此糖异生不仅会造成碳源“逆流”还会消耗大量能量。在大多数细胞中PEPCK蛋白是最重要的糖异生酶,几乎所有能够生成草酰乙酸的物质都可以经过PEPCK蛋白催化进入糖异生,PEPCK蛋白主要催化草酰乙酸形成PEP与CO2。由高山被孢霉代谢组数据分析可知,PEP的积累主要来自于糖异生方向的PEPCK蛋白催化导致的,其催化步骤是丙酮酸转化为糖类的必经之路,会导致丙酮酸流出脂质合成途径并为糖类合成提供碳源,因此也可能控制碳通量在脂质与糖类之间重分配的关键节点。
本发明以高山被孢霉中发酵过程中糖类与脂质的积累特点为出发点,以糖类积累过程中的关键酶磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶编码基因pepck为研究对象分析其在碳通量分配中的作用以及对糖、脂积累的影响,旨在阐述糖类合成关键基因对高山被孢霉脂质积累的影响,并通过对细胞内糖类与脂质储存的碳通量进行重新分配以期达到提高细胞脂质积累的目的,为产油真菌通过基因工程手段进一步提高油脂含量提供新的思路。
本发明提供了磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶在提升高山被孢霉脂质合成能力中的应用,所述磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶是(a)或(b)任一所述:
(a)由SEQ ID NO:1所示的氨基酸序列组成的蛋白质;或者,
(b)与SEQ ID NO:1所示的氨基酸序列具有至少80%、至少90%、至少95%、至少96%、至少97%、至少98%、或至少99%序列同一性的多肽。
在一种实施方式中,降低所述磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶在高山被孢霉中的表达。
在一种实施方式中,所述重组菌株以高山被孢霉为出发菌株。
在一种实施方式中,所述高山被孢霉为高山被孢霉CCFM 501。
在一种实施方式中,所述提高孢霉脂质合成能力包括但不限于(a)~(c):
(a)提高总脂质的积累;
(b)提高胞内糖类物质到脂类物质的转化;
(c)提高多不饱和脂肪酸比例。
在一种实施方式中,所述脂质包括但不限于磷脂、甘油酯或花生四烯酸。
本发明提供了一种提升高山被孢霉脂质产量的方法,所述方法为敲低高山被孢霉中磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶的表达,所述磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶是(a)或(b)任一所述:
(a)由SEQ ID NO:1所示的氨基酸序列组成的蛋白质;
或者,
(b)与SEQ ID NO:1所示的氨基酸序列具有至少80%、至少90%、至少95%、至少96%、至少97%、至少98%、或至少99%序列同一性的多肽。
在一种实施方式中,利用RNA干扰的方法敲低所述磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶的表达量。
在一种实施方式中,选取核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示的片段作为干扰片段,并构建RNA干扰质粒,将RNA干扰质粒转入高山被孢霉中,构建得到重组菌株,利用重组菌发酵生产脂质。
在一种实施方式中,所述重组菌株以高山被孢霉为出发菌株。
在一种实施方式中,所述高山被孢霉为高山被孢霉CCFM 501,公开于公开号为CN105567579A的专利文献中。
在一种实施方式中,以pBIG2-ura5s-ITs载体为出发载体,所述pBIG2-ura5s-ITs载体记载于公开号为CN103571762A的专利申请文本中。
本发明提供了一种生产脂质的方法,所述方法为将敲低了磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶的重组菌株,接种至发酵体系中生产脂质,所述磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶是(a)或(b)任一所述:
(a)由SEQ ID NO:1所示的氨基酸序列组成的蛋白质;或者,
(b)与SEQ ID NO:1所示的氨基酸序列具有至少80%、至少90%、至少95%、至少96%、至少97%、至少98%、或至少99%序列同一性的多肽。
在一种实施方式中,所述重组菌株以高山被孢霉为出发菌株。
在一种实施方式中,所述高山被孢霉为高山被孢霉CCFM 501,公开于公开号为CN105567579A的专利文献中。
在一种实施方式中,所述发酵体系中含有30~80g/L葡萄糖,2.0~2.5g/L酒石酸铵,1.0~2.0g/L酵母提取物、5~10g/L磷酸二氢钾、1.0~3.0g/L磷酸氢二钠、1.0~2.0g/L七水硫酸镁、0.01~0.1g/L二水氯化钙以及微量元素。
在一种实施方式中,将活化后的菌株按照体积比1~2%的量加入摇瓶发酵体系中,在25~30℃、180~220rpm下培养不少于96h;
或者,将活化30~36h的重组菌株按照体积比1~2%的量加入发酵罐发酵体系中,在25~30℃、通气量1.0~2.0vvm、pH6.0±0.1下培养不少于72h。
优选的,摇瓶发酵时间不少于168h;发酵罐发酵时间不少于120h。
[有益效果]
(1)本发明揭露了磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(Mapepck)在糖异生过程导致丙酮酸流出脂肪酸合成途径,为糖类的合成提供碳通量,对其编码基因进行RNA干扰或敲除该基因能够显著降低磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶的活性,从而抑制糖异生过程;(2)脂质积累过程中,干扰高山被孢霉的Mapepck基因导致胞内总糖含量下调17%~28%,脂质含量提高了17%~26%,后期ARA产量提高近42%;(3)对Mapepck基因进行RNA干扰降低了糖异生水平并导致总糖水平下降从而促进脂质的积累,同时能够加速丙酮酸-柠檬酸循环促使脂肪酸合成前体及还原力的产生;(4)在发酵罐放大培养Mapepck基因干扰菌株在提高了脂肪酸产量的同时,还能使菌株提前到达脂质最大积累时间,相比于出发菌株更具有产脂优势。
本发明提供的高山被孢霉Mapepck可借助基因工程手段进行RNA干扰,用于削弱细胞糖异生为糖类合成提供碳通量的能力,降低胞内总糖积累,促进细胞内的丙酮酸-柠檬酸循环的上调,造成柠檬酸和还原力NADPH等有利于脂肪酸合成的代谢物水平增加,使得总脂肪酸含量提高26%,其中具有生物活性的多不饱和脂肪酸花生四烯酸(ARA)产量提高42%。而在发酵罐放大培养中干扰Mapepck基因可提高高山被孢霉对碳源的利用程度,进一步提高了脂质产量,并且使其提前进入最大脂质积累期。
附图说明
图1为发酵过程中高山被孢霉Mapepck基因转录(a)及对应蛋白Mapepck蛋白表达水平(b)的变化。
图2为RNA干扰二元质粒的构建示意图。
图3为重组高山被孢霉M.alpina-RIpepck RNA干扰菌株的二元质粒构建示意图及RNA干扰菌株PCR验证;M:Marker,NC:阴性参照为高山被孢霉CCFM 501,1~10:Mapepck RNA干扰菌株转化子,PC:阳性参照为携带Mapepck干扰载体的大肠杆菌。
图4为重组高山被孢霉M.alpina-RIpepck干扰菌株与对照组间生物量及糖类、脂质含量的显著性差异分析注:*表示干扰菌株与对照菌株原养型高山被孢霉之间存在显著性差异(***表示p<0.001,**表示0.001<p<0.01,*代表0.01<p<0.05)。
图5为重组高山被孢霉M.alpina-RIpepck干扰菌株96h下Mapepck转录与酶活水平,不同的小写字母表示存在显著性差异(p<0.05)。
图6为重组高山被孢霉M.alpina-RIpepck干扰菌株发酵过程中总脂肪酸含量、胞内总糖含量和ARA含量变化。
图7为重组高山被孢霉M.alpina-RIpepck干扰菌株发酵罐放大培养中生长与胞内物质积累情况(a)残糖含量;(b)总生物量;(c)总糖产量;(d)总脂肪酸产量。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,对本发明进行进一步的阐述。
下述实施例中涉及的高山被孢霉(Mortierella alpina)ATCC 32222购自美国标准生物品收藏中心(ATCC);下述实施例中涉及的高山被孢霉CCFM 501公开于公开号为CN105567579A的专利文献中;下述实施例中涉及的根癌农杆菌(Agrobacteriumtumefaciens)AGL-1购自北京华越洋生物;下述实施例中涉及的大肠杆菌(Escherichiacoli)DH5α购自Invitrogen公司;下述实施例中涉及的pBIG2-ura5s-ITs载体记载于公开号为CN103571762A的专利申请文本中;下述实施例中涉及的高山被孢霉尿嘧啶营养缺陷型菌株记载于公开号为CN103468581A的专利申请文本中。
高山被孢霉(Mortierella alpina)ATCC 32222、根癌农杆菌(Agrobacteriumtumefaciens)AGL-1以及大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)DH5α均可以购买得到,不需要进行用于专利程序的保藏。
下述实施例中涉及的KOD plus高保真DNA聚合酶购自日本Toyobo公司;下述实施例中涉及的Taq DNA聚合酶购自CWBIO公司;下述实施例中涉及的反转录试剂盒(PrimeScript RT regent Kit with gDNAEraser RR047A&R6110A)购自Takara公司;下述实施例中涉及的质粒提取试剂盒购自北京天根生化科技有限公司;下述实施例中涉及的真菌基因组DNA提取试剂盒购自BioFlux公司;下述实施例中涉及的限制性内切酶、T4连接酶、Trizol、PCR产物纯化试剂盒、凝胶回收试剂盒、GeneRuler DNA Ladder Mix、PageRulerPrestained Protein Ladder购自Thermo Scientific公司;下述实施例中涉及的正十五烷酸(C15:0)、20%(w/w)盐酸甲醇购自Sigma公司;下述实施例中涉及的DEPC水、卡那霉素(Kanamycin,Kana)、利福平(Rifampicin,Rif)、壮观霉素(Spectinomycin,Spe)、头孢噻肟钠(Cefotaxime,Cef)、无氨基酵母氮源(YNB)和各类氨基酸购自上海生物工程有限公司;下述实施例中涉及的酵母提取物、胰蛋白胨购自Oxoid公司;下述实施例中涉及的低吸附型无酶枪头、无酶离心管、无酶PCR管、2mL棕色气相瓶及瓶盖购自苏州科晴生物公司;下述实施例中涉及的诱导转化剂乙酰丁香酮(Acetosuringone,AS,CAS#[2478-38-8])、2-(N-吗啡啉)乙磺酸(MES缓冲液,CAS#[145224-94-8])、尿嘧啶(Urail)、酵母氮源(Yeast NitrogenBase,without amino acids CAS#[A610507-0500]Lot:C418BA0040)和各类氨基酸购自生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司;其他试剂购自国药集团。色谱级试剂甲醇购自德国默克公司;GC-MS衍生化试剂及内标二十一烷酸(C21:0)购自美国Sigma公司;葡萄糖测定试剂盒购买自南京建成生物科技有限公司;磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK)酶活检测试剂盒购自北京索莱宝科技有限公司;NADP/NADPH定量试剂盒(BioVision,美国)购买自北京博奥派克生物科技有限公司;反转录试剂盒(Thermo Scientific Revert Aid First StrandcDNA Synthesis Kit)购自Thermo Scientific。
下述实施例中涉及的仪器设备C-MAG MS7型磁力搅拌器、T10BS025型分散机、MS3basic型旋涡振荡器(IKA,德国);BioFlo/CelliGen 115型发酵罐、Centrifuge 5424R型高速冷冻离心机(Eppendorf,美国);IM50制冰机(雪科,中国);SX-500/SX-700高压灭菌锅(TOMY,日本);Forma 994立式超低温冰箱、SPD131DDA型离心浓缩仪、Legend micro 21R微量离心机(Thermo,美国);XS105 DualRange分析天平;LABCONCO冷冻干燥机(LABCONCO,美国);振荡培养箱ZQXY-HC(上海知楚,中国);烘箱(BINDER,德国);AI1310型进样器、Trace1310气相色谱仪、TSQ8000_evo型质谱仪(Thermo,美国);Milli Direct-Q8型超纯水仪(Milli-Q,德国)。
下述实施例中涉及的载体构建和细菌感受态细胞制作均参考《分子克隆手册》。
下述实施例中涉及的引物由上海桑尼公司合成,测序工作由上海华大基因公司完成。RNA干扰片段由亦欣生物科技(上海)有限公司合成。
下述实施例中涉及的培养基如下:
Broth培养基:20g/L(活化用)/50g/L(产脂用)葡萄糖、5g/L酵母提取物、1g/L磷酸二氢钾、0.25g/L七水硫酸镁、10g/L硝酸钾。
Kendrick培养基:20g/L(活化用)/30g/L(产脂用)葡萄糖、3.3g/L(活化用)/2.0g/L(产脂用)酒石酸铵、1.5g/L酵母提取物、7g/L磷酸二氢钾、2.0g/L磷酸氢二钠、1.5g/L七水硫酸镁、0.1g/L二水氯化钙以及微量元素;其中,微量元素浓度为:0.001g/L七水氯化铁、0.0001g/L七水硫酸锌、0.0001g/L五水硫酸铜、0.0001g/L硝酸钴、0.0001g/L五水硫酸锰。摇瓶实验中发酵液为100mL/250mL锥形瓶,28℃,200rpm震荡培养;发酵罐中培养体系为4.0L发酵液至于7.5L搅拌式发酵罐,28℃,使用1M盐酸溶液/硫酸溶液调节pH值为6.0,搅拌桨转速300rpm,通气2.0vvm。
GY培养基:20g/L葡萄糖、10g/L酵母提取物、2g/L硝酸钾、1g/L磷酸二氢钠、3g/L七水硫酸镁。
MM基础培养基:1.74g/L磷酸氢二钾、1.37g/L磷酸二氢钾、0.146g/L氯化钠、0.49g/L七水硫酸镁、0.078g/L氯化钙、0.53g/L硫酸铵、1.8g/L葡萄糖、10mL/L七水硫酸铁(100X)、5mL/L甘油,灭菌后加入已滤菌的MES缓冲液至终浓度为7.8g/L。
IM诱导培养基:在MM培养基的基础上稍作调整,额外添加0.1g/L的尿嘧啶,葡萄糖改为0.9g/L,其余不变,使用前添加100μg/mL的乙酰丁香酮(AS)和7.8g/L的MES,用于固体培养基时添加20g/L的琼脂条,添加AS的IM培养基需避光保存。
SC-CS培养基:20g/L葡萄糖、5g/L无氨基酵母氮源、1.7g/L硫酸铵、10mL/L氨基酸母液(100X)、20g/L琼脂,倒平板前添加100μg/mL的头孢噻圬和100μg/mL的壮观霉素;其中,氨基酸母液:60mg/L异亮氨酸、60mg/L亮氨酸、60mg/L苯丙氨酸、50mg/L苏氨酸、40mg/L赖氨酸、30mg/L酪氨酸、20mg/L腺嘌呤、20mg/L精氨酸、20mg/L组氨酸、10mg/L甲硫氨酸。
SOC复苏培养基:20g/L胰蛋白胨、5g/L酵母提取物、0.5g/L氯化钠、0.186g/L氯化钾、0.95g/L氯化镁、3.6g/L葡萄糖。
LB液体培养基:10g/L胰蛋白胨、5g/L酵母提取物、10g/L氯化钠,使用前添加100μg/mL的卡那霉素。
LB固体培养基:10g/L胰蛋白胨、5g/L酵母提取物、10g/L氯化钠、20g/L琼脂,使用前添加100μg/mL的卡那霉素。
YEP液体培养基:10g/L酵母提取物、10g/L胰蛋白陈、5g/L氯化钠,使用前添加100μg/mL的卡那霉素和100μg/mL的利福平,避光保存。
YEP固体培养基:10g/L酵母提取物、10g/L胰蛋白陈、5g/L氯化钠、20g/L琼脂,使用前添加100μg/mL的卡那霉素和100μg/mL的利福平,避光保存。
下述实施例中所述的“氮限制”指发酵培养过程仅提供少量氮源(20mM NH4 +)供生物量增长,待菌体长至平台期后(36h左右),培养基内的氮源耗尽,菌体仅能将过量的碳源转化为储能物质(如储存性糖类、脂质等)储存于胞内。
实施例1:磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶在高山被孢霉中功能的验证
氮限制是高山被孢霉脂质积累的触发条件之一,因此氮源耗尽前后表达量发生变化的基因有可能在高山被孢霉脂肪酸合成过程中起到关键调控作用。发明人前期测得的高山被孢霉ATCC 32222氮限制下转录组数据进行分析,分别得到氮源耗尽前后Mapepck转录水平结果如图1-a所示(A:8h;B:18h;E:19.5h(此时培养液中的氮源即将耗尽,后续转录组数据以E点为对照点进行比较);K:21h(此时培养基内氮源已经完全耗尽);L:32h;M:58h)。在氮限制后,Mapepck基因的转录水平明显上调,并且在氮限制后的48h相对转录水平继续增加。根据高山被孢霉发酵过程蛋白组数据的分析,得到发酵过程中Mapepck蛋白(氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示)的表达水平,结果如图1-b所示。高山被孢霉在发酵过程中检测到Mapepck蛋白,并且存在表达量的增加(log2倍数变化>0),可以证明选择的Mapepck基因存在于高山被孢霉基因组中并且实现了转录与翻译,因此存在基因操作的可行性。
实施例2:Mapepck在高山被孢霉中的RNA干扰
(1)高山被孢霉表达载体的构建
①构建RNA干扰二元质粒:首先从高山被孢霉磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶基因(Mapepck)序列的功能保守区域选取90bp碱基片段(如SEQ ID NO:2所示),将此片段、内含子片段(ITs)以及该片段的反向互补序列串联与该片段反向回文序列相串联并在中间插入内含子片段(ITs)。设计好的总序列送至亦欣生物公司(无锡,中国)合成并整合进入二元质粒pBIG2-ura5s-ITs中替换原先的ITs,命名为pBIG2-ura5s-MA-RIpepck(图2)。
Mapepck干扰片段SEQ ID NO:2(5’-3’):
GGATGACGGCAGGCTCTACGCCATCAACCCTGAAGCTGGCTTCTTTGGGGTGGCACCTGGTACATCGGCCAAGACTAATCCCAACGCCAT。
(2)高山被孢霉重组菌株的构建
重组菌株的构建:首先通过电转化融合干扰载体与大肠杆菌,将构建得到的重组质粒转入大肠杆菌中,培养大肠杆菌增殖复制重组质粒,提取大肠杆菌中的重组质粒;通过电击法将重组质粒转入根癌农杆菌AGL1感受态细胞中;通过根癌农杆菌介导转化高山被孢霉,将携带重组质粒的根癌农杆菌与高山被孢霉CCFM 501在IM固体培养基上进行共培养48h后挑选单菌落转移至SC-CS筛选培养基中传代3次,可稳定生长的菌落视为疑似转化子。
将获得的重组质粒pBIG2-ura5s-MA-RIpepck通过电击转化法转入根癌农杆菌AGL-1,获得分别携带重组质粒pBIG2-ura5s-MA-RIpepck的根癌农杆菌;使用生理盐水刮取高山被孢霉尿嘧啶营养缺陷型菌株的孢子,于28℃培养箱放置6~24h,获得萌发的孢子液;将分别携带重组质粒pBIG2-ura5s-MA-RIpepck的根癌农杆菌分别在YEP培养基中活化、MM培养基中培养和IM培养基中诱导,取经IM培养基诱导培养的根癌农杆菌测定OD660,用IM培养基梯度稀释为OD660=0.2~1.2,得到分别携带重组质粒pBIG2-ura5s-MA-RIpepck的根癌农杆菌菌液;分别取携带重组质粒pBIG2-ura5s-MA-RIpepck的根癌农杆菌菌液与孢子液100~200μL于无菌EP管中上下颠倒混匀,涂布于贴有玻璃纸的IM固体培养基中于16~28℃的条件下避光共培养12~48h;共培养结束后,将带有共培养体系的玻璃纸转移至含有壮观霉素(Spe)和头孢噻肟(Cef)的SC-CS培养基,于16~28℃的条件下进行培养,直至有菌落长出;菌落长出后,挑取菌落边缘新长出的菌丝,连续在新的SC-CS培养基上于28℃的条件下培养12~48h进行传代培养;传代培养后,选取可以稳定生长的菌落,挑取至Broth液体活化培养基中于28℃的条件下培养2d,获得菌液;取菌液提取真菌基因组DNA进行PCR验证,认为扩增得到目的条带的转化子为正确的阳性转化子(PCR结果如图3所示);PCR验证共获得Mapepck干扰菌株阳性转化子10个,将这些阳性转化子进行测序。结果表明,干扰载体中,由于形成发卡结构,该片段无法被扩增出来,因此仅可在800bp附近看到筛选标记ura5s的条带,说明在高山被孢霉体内该发卡结构可以正确形成,证实所选7个阳性转化子在基因组水平验证正确,获得携带该基因干扰片段的重组高山被孢霉M.alpina-RIpepck。
其中,PCR使用Taq酶体系进行,所用引物为质粒载体pBIG2-ura5s-ITs的通用引物(表1)。
表1通用引物序列
由图3可知,通过使用通用引物进行PCR验证,携带重组质粒pBIG2-ura5s-MA-RIpepck的根癌农杆菌的T-DNA区域的尿嘧啶回补标记ura5s可被成功扩增出来,干扰菌株中,由于形成发卡结构,该片段无法被扩增出来,说明在高山被孢霉体内该发卡结构可以正确形成,理论上可对目的基因进行RNA干扰,并选择PCR验证正确的转化子保存于固体斜面GY培养基中用于后续实验操作。
实施例3:重组高山被孢霉M.alpina-RIpepck干扰重组菌株的筛选
在Broth培养基中分别对M.alpina-RIpepck进行活化培养,然后接种于Kendrick培养基中发酵至168h收集发酵液与菌体,以原养型菌株作为对照,初步对高山被孢霉菌体生长、胞内糖类及脂肪酸积累情况进行分析,结果如图3所示,所有Mapepck RNAi菌株相比于对照组都发生了糖类含量的显著下降(p<0.05)与脂肪酸含量的显著增加(p<0.05)。由此可以判断高山被孢霉中糖类积累与脂肪酸的积累存在竞争关系,Mapepck基因对糖类合成具有正调控作用,并且干扰Mapepck基因不会对最终生物量造成负面影响,选择2株生长稳定性较好且对脂质积累与糖类积累都有显著影响(p<0.05)的转化子进行保藏并进行后续实验分析。
实施例4:干扰Mapepck基因对菌株转录水平与酶活的影响
将2株初筛得到的Mapepck RNAi菌株命名为M.alpina MA-RIpepck-1与M.alpinaMA-RIpepck-2,在氮限制下进行培养并在96h取样进行转录水平与酶活分析,以原养型高山被孢霉作为对照菌株。RNA干扰只能够部分下调基因表达但不会完全消除基因功能,因此RNA干扰对与基因功能的抑制程度可以从转录水平、蛋白水平、酶活、产物水平进行判断。Mapepck蛋白催化草酰乙酸转化为PEP是糖异生的限速步骤,而PEP来源较为复杂且测定过程较为困难,因此需要对Mapepck蛋白的酶活进行测定结合转录水平分析RNA干扰对Mapepck基因的调控以及对糖异生的抑制水平。
(1)Mapepck基因转录水平分析
使用Trizol提取高山被孢霉中总RNA,测定RNA浓度与纯度并验证RNA完整性后,取1μg总RNA作为模板,进行反转录获得cDNA,利用Nano Drop进行浓度测定。以cDNA为模板,根据SYBR Green Super Mix说明书配制反应体系进行RT-qPCR反应,测定目的基因表达水平。
转录水平测定时,以原养型高山被孢霉作为对照组,内参基因为高山被孢霉的18SrDNA。参用2-ΔΔCt法对目的基因相对转录水平进行分析。每株菌培养时设置3个生物学平行,测定转录水平时每个样品做3个技术重复,qPCR所用引物见表2。
表2 qPCR引物
(2)PEPCK蛋白酶活测定
根据磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶(PEPCK蛋白)活性检测试剂盒说明书进行Mapepck的酶活测定。收集发酵的高山被孢霉,用生理盐水反复冲洗后经抽滤得到菌丝体,液氮速冻后研磨至粉末状。加入酶提取液与钢珠进行细胞破碎,10000g离心10min,收集上清液并重复2次最终获得粗酶液。采用Bradford法测定粗酶样品中的蛋白浓度,根据说明书配制酶反应体系,测定OD340 nm处NADH消耗速率反映Mapepck酶活性(U/mg蛋白)。
如图5所示,Mapepck RNAi菌株相较于对照组其Mapepck基因转录水平降低近41.1%,而Mapepck蛋白酶活水平平均下降了45.4%,由此可见高山被孢霉干扰菌株中Mapepck基因的整体表达相较于对照菌株显著下降(p<0.05),并且酶活水平与转录水平存在一定相关性,不同转化子之间差异不显著表明构建的Mapepck RNAi较为稳定。
实施例5:干扰Mapepck对菌株生长及胞内糖类与脂质积累的影响
生长分析:以高山被孢霉原养型菌株为阴性对照,取实施例4中筛选的重组高山被孢霉M.alpina-RIpepck以及高山被孢霉原养型菌株的单孢子接种于Broth种子培养基中,于28℃的条件下培养2d进行活化;连续活化三代,收集活化后的菌体;将菌体打碎至均匀菌絮状;将打碎的菌体以1%(v/v)的接种量接种到Kendrick发酵培养基中,于28℃、200rpm摇床培养,每隔24h收集发酵液与菌丝样品,测定高山被孢霉生长过程环境中细胞内外的生理生化指标变化,包括发酵液残糖、残氮含量与菌体的生物量、总糖含量、非结构性糖类含量以及总脂肪酸含量。168h时收集菌体,过滤并洗涤后,于真空冷冻干燥至恒重,称量菌体重量,计算生物量,计算结果见图6。
产脂分析:将菌体研磨成粉末,称取30mg,精确加入100μL 2mg/mL的C15:0作为内标,加入2mL 4mol/L的盐酸充分混匀;80℃水浴1h,-80℃放置15min;重复3次后冷却至室温,加入1mL甲醇和1mL氯仿,混匀,震荡2min;3000g离心10min;收集氯仿层于新的提脂瓶中;重复此步骤两次;合并氯仿层,氮吹干燥后加入1mL 10%的盐酸-甲醇,60℃水浴3h进行甲酯化处理;之后在上述甲酯化处理体系中加入1mL饱和氯化钠和1mL正己烷,混匀,3000g离心10min,重复此步骤两次;收集正己烷层于新瓶,剩余液体继续加入1mL正己烷,震荡混匀1min后于3000g离心10min;合并正己烷层,氮吹干燥,加入1mL正己烷回溶,即获得脂肪酸甲酯;使用GC-MS检测菌体中脂肪酸的组成及含量,检测结果见图4;其中,脂肪酸甲酯分析采用GC2010(Shimadzu Co.,Japan),色谱柱为DB-Waxetr(30m×0.32m,0.22μm);氢火焰离子检测器检测,汽化室和检测器温度分别为240℃和260℃,分流方式进样1uL,分流比10:1,载气为氮气;程序升温:初始温度120℃保持3min,以5℃/min升到190℃,再以4℃/min升到220℃,保持20min;通过与商业化的脂肪酸甲酯标准品(37种脂肪酸甲酯混标,Supelco,USA)和加入内标C15:0的质量比较,定性、定量分析样品中脂肪酸组分,总脂肪酸含量用单位菌体中总脂肪酸的质量表示。
适当稀释发酵上清液,采用葡萄糖测定试剂盒对发酵液中残余葡萄糖含量进行测定。称取50mg菌粉,通过已公开发表的苯酚-硫酸法[Biotechnol Lett,2021,43:1289–1301]对提取物中的总糖进行定量,以葡萄糖制作标准曲线,浓度范围为0.01g/L~0.10g/L,样品测定时稀释20倍,以分光光度法在OD490nm下进行比色,根据吸光值计算总糖含量。
如图6所示,在脂质积累过程中,干扰高山被孢霉的Mapepck基因导致胞内脂质含量平均由26.1%提高至32.9%(脂质含量占细胞干重),提高了26%(图6-a),总糖含量平均由24.1%降低至17.5%(总糖含量占细胞干重),下调了27.5%(图6-b),后期ARA产量提高近42%(图6-c),说明干扰Mapepck基因降低了糖异生水平并导致总糖水平下降从而促进脂质的积累。
实施例6:高山被孢霉Mapepck RNA干扰菌株的发酵罐放大培养
在7.5L发酵罐中对Mapepck RNA干扰菌株进行放大培养并以原养型菌株为对照,收集0h~216h的发酵液与菌体样品对发酵过程中生理生化参数进行测定,胞内总糖与总脂肪酸含量如图7所示。
发酵罐发酵:
将实施例4中筛选获得的高山被孢霉转化子经液体扩大培养和活化后,最后一代菌株在kendrick种子培养基中进行活化(36h),取400mL种子液接种于发酵罐(7.5L搅拌式发酵罐,含3.6L培养基),共计获得4.0L培养体系。28℃,300rpm,通气量2.0vvm,使用1MNaOH溶液和1M H2SO4通过蠕动泵调节并维持pH值为6.0。每24h通过取样阀取样1次(每次100mL),共计培养216h。
首先,将发酵罐发酵结果与实施例5中的摇瓶发酵结果进行比较发现,由于通过发酵罐可以精准的控制发酵过程的pH,而高山被孢霉在适宜的pH下更有利于生长与产脂,因此在发酵后期原养型菌株与干扰型菌株的脂肪酸含量均超过摇瓶中发酵时的脂肪酸含量,并且糖类含量也相应下降,而生物量整体提升。对发酵罐培养中胞内物质绝对量进行统计,干扰菌株与对照菌株的生物量没有显著性差异,说明在Mapepck RNAi菌株可以在发酵罐环境中正常生长。不同菌株的发酵液氮源在36h都已完全耗尽,一方面说明发酵罐条件有利于菌体的快速生长,加快了氮源消耗的速度导致氮限制提前,另一方面证明Mapepck基因的干扰并不会对菌株的氮源利用造成影响。由于发酵罐中氮限制的提前导致Mapepck蛋白的活性上升并在早期就开始控制碳通量的分流,如图7-a所示,在发酵前期不同菌株之间葡萄糖的消耗速率几乎一致,但是在48h胞内糖类与脂肪酸水平已经开始出现差异,干扰Mapepck基因后导致胞内总糖水平降低,而脂肪酸水平相反。如图7-c所示,氮限制后Mapepck RNAi菌株的总糖产量72h后基本不再变化并且总量显著少于对照菌株,而对照菌株在96h才完全停止积累;相反的,干扰型菌株的脂肪产量始终高于原养型菌株,在第5天时总脂肪酸产量(3.29g/L)已经超过第8天原养型菌株的最大脂肪酸产量(3.22g/L),见图7-d。发酵过程中脂肪酸产量的具体变化见表2,干扰Mapepck基因后菌株中ARA产量最高达到1.23g/L,相比同期原养型高山被孢霉发酵ARA产量(0.88g/L)提高了39.9%。以上结果表明,结果表明干扰Mapepck基因不仅提高了脂肪酸产量,还能使菌株提前到达脂质最大积累时间,相比于出发菌株更具有产脂优势。
表3发酵罐放大培养对高山被孢霉胞内脂肪酸积累影响
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上,但其并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉此技术的人,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,都可做各种的改动与修饰,因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。
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Claims (10)
1.磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶的siRNA在提升高山被孢霉脂质合成能力中的应用,其特征在于,所述磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶是由SEQ ID NO:1所示的氨基酸序列组成的蛋白质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,降低所述磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶在高山被孢霉中的表达。
3.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述提高山被孢霉脂质合成能力为(a)~(c):
(a)提高总脂质的积累;
(b)提高胞内糖类物质到脂类物质的转化;
(c)提高多不饱和脂肪酸比例。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述脂质为磷脂、甘油酯或花生四烯酸。
5.一种提升高山被孢霉脂质产量的方法,其特征在于,敲低高山被孢霉中磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶的表达,所述磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶是由SEQ ID NO:1所示的氨基酸序列组成的蛋白质。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,利用RNA干扰的方法敲低所述磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶的表达量。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,选取核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示的片段作为干扰片段,并构建RNA干扰质粒,将RNA干扰质粒转入高山被孢霉中,构建得到重组菌株,利用重组菌发酵生产脂质。
8.一种生产脂质的方法,其特征在于,将敲低了磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶的重组菌株,接种至发酵体系中生产脂质,所述重组菌株以高山被孢霉为出发菌株;所述磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧激酶是由SEQ ID NO:1所示的氨基酸序列组成的蛋白质。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,所述发酵体系中含有30~80 g/L葡萄糖,2.0~2.5 g/L酒石酸铵,1.0~2.0 g/L酵母提取物、5~10 g/L磷酸二氢钾、1.0~3.0 g/L磷酸氢二钠、1.0~2.0 g/L七水硫酸镁、0.01~0.1 g/L二水氯化钙以及微量元素。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,将活化后的菌株按照体积比1~2%的量加入摇瓶发酵体系中,在25~30℃、180~220 rpm下培养不少于96 h;
或者,将活化24~48 h的重组菌株按照体积比1~2%的量加入发酵罐发酵体系中,在25~30℃、通气量1.0~2.0 vvm、pH6.0±0.1下培养不少于72 h。
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