CN113604097B

CN113604097B - Archaeological unearthed unsaturated water paint device humectant and moisturizing treatment method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113604097B
Application number: CN202110984374.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 何秋菊; 张雪鸽; 许璇
Original assignee: CAPITAL MUSEUMCHINA
Current assignee: CAPITAL MUSEUMCHINA
Priority date: 2021-08-25
Filing date: 2021-08-25
Publication date: 2023-07-07
Anticipated expiration: 2041-08-25
Also published as: CN113604097A

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to an archaeological unearthed unsaturated water paint device humectant, wherein the humectant contains the following components by weight percent: 20-40 wt% of polyethylene glycol 200, 2-5 wt% of sodium lactate, 1-3 wt% of glucosamine, 3-6 wt% of sorbitol and the balance deionized water. The humectant provided by the disclosure can effectively prevent the phenomena of dry shrinkage, warping and the like of a paint film caused by rapid water loss during and after the existing unsaturated water paint device is unearthed.

Description

Archaeological unearthed unsaturated water paint device humectant and moisturizing treatment method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of protection and repair of lacquer cultural relics, in particular to an archaeological unearthed unsaturated water lacquer humectant and a moisturizing treatment method thereof.

Background

The lacquer means an article which is coated on various carcasses (including wooden tyre, clamping tyre, ceramic tyre, etc.) by adopting natural raw lacquer or refined lacquer, etc., and is an important component of cultural heritage in China. The lacquer painting apparatus in China is divided into southern full water lacquer painting apparatus and northern wet non-full water lacquer painting apparatus according to the region of the soil. According to archaeological data, lacquer is more unearthed in the south areas such as Hubei, hunan, anhui and the like, and the preservation condition is mostly better. From ancient lacquer distribution map drawn by historical literature, lacquer tree is planted in northern areas such as southwest of Beijing, shanxi and south of Gansu from Qin dynasty. When the lacquer ware of going out soil in northern area buries deeply underground, because the groundwater level goes up and down repeatedly and buries the influence such as acid-base salt, biological factor in the environment, the chemical composition such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the former wooden takes place showing and changes, and partial fibrous tissue structure breaks, and the timber takes place to decay, and the cementing substance between film and the matrix ages and runs off, and the film degradation produces the crack for the ware loses original mechanical strength. For the paint device in the decayed state of archaeological unearthing, because the environmental temperature and humidity suddenly change, the moisture is rapidly lost to generate unbalanced shrinkage stress, so that a paint film is often in dry shrinkage, upwarp and even fall off, the attractive appearance and the integrity of the paint device cultural relics are damaged, and great difficulty is brought to the follow-up dehydration repair work.

The moisture preservation treatment can avoid the dry shrinkage and the tilting of a paint film caused by rapid water loss when the paint device is unearthed. The water-saturated paint device in the south usually uses a soaking moisturizing mode after unearthing, but the water-saturated paint device in the north is in a moist but non-saturated state, has low water content, weak matrix and paint film combination, and is not suitable for the soaking moisturizing mode. At present, the protection research of the paint discharging device in northern areas is concentrated in the aspects of paint film softening and pasting, the research on moisture preservation of the paint discharging device is relatively less, and no mature and effective paint discharging device moisture preservation method exists. After the northern paint device is unearthed, the paint sprayer is used for moisturizing, but because the surface tension of water is relatively large, under the condition that the environmental humidity is not up to standard, the moisturizing mode of repeatedly spraying water to the paint sprayer body is adopted, so that the repeated saturation and dissipation of water are easy to cause serious stress injury to a paint film, and more serious cracks and warping are generated.

Therefore, there is a need to provide an effective scientific protection means for preventing the paint film of the non-saturated water paint device in the archaeological site in the north from drying and warping due to rapid water loss.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an archaeological unearthing unsaturated water paint device humectant and a moisturizing treatment method thereof, which can prevent a paint film from shrinking and lifting up caused by rapid water loss when and after the existing unsaturated water paint device is unearthed.

In order to achieve the above purpose, a first aspect of the present disclosure provides an archaeological unearthed unsaturated water paint machine humectant, wherein the humectant contains the following components in percentage by weight: 20-40 wt% of polyethylene glycol 200, 2-5 wt% of sodium lactate, 1-3 wt% of glucosamine, 3-6 wt% of sorbitol and the balance deionized water.

According to the present disclosure, the humectant contains the following components in percentage by weight: 25-30 wt% of polyethylene glycol 200, 3-4 wt% of sodium lactate, 2-3 wt% of glucosamine, 3-4 wt% of sorbitol and the balance deionized water.

The second aspect of the disclosure provides an application of the humectant of the first aspect in the moisturizing treatment of an archaeological unearthed unsaturated water paint container.

The third aspect of the disclosure provides a synergistic moisturizing treatment method of an archaeological unearthed unsaturated water paint machine, comprising the following steps:

s1, wiping stains on the surface of a paint device after soil stripping, and spraying the humectant in the first aspect on the surface of the paint device to saturate a paint film;

s2, 1-2 layers of raw rice paper or tissue paper are applied to the surface of the lacquer so as to be adsorbed on a humectant on the surface of the lacquer;

s3, wrapping gauze, sponge and polyethylene film on the outer surface of the rice paper adsorbed on the lacquer in sequence;

and S4, placing the lacquerware wrapped in the step S3 in an environment with the relative humidity of more than 95 percent for preservation.

According to the present disclosure, the humectant is used in an amount of 50-200mL/m in step S1 ² 。

According to the present disclosure, the gauze in step S3 is a gauze treated with an aqueous solution of benzalkonium bromide and an insecticide; wherein the weight percentage concentration of the benzalkonium bromide aqueous solution is 1.5-3%, and the weight percentage concentration of the pesticide is 0.5-1.5%;

the pesticide comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 40-60% by weight deltamethrin and 40-60% by weight chlorbenzuron.

According to the present disclosure, the thickness of the sponge in step S3 is 2-4cm.

According to the present disclosure, the environment having the relative humidity of 95% or higher in step S4 includes a glass drier containing saturated brine and/or an airtight enclosure in which the environment is kept under control by a constant humidity machine.

According to the present disclosure, wherein the saturated brine includes at least one of saturated potassium sulfate, saturated potassium nitrate, and saturated potassium chromate saturated brine.

A fourth aspect of the present disclosure provides an application of the method of the third aspect in the moisturizing treatment of an archaeological unearthed unsaturated water paint container.

Through the technical scheme, the archaeological unearthing paint device can be effectively moisturized, phenomena of paint film embrittlement, tilting, paint device deformation and the like caused by rapid water loss due to sudden environmental change after unearthing are prevented, and the problems of paint film falling, wood tire decay, paint device matrix separation collapse and the like caused by moisturizing in a water soaking mode of the south unearthing paint device are avoided.

Additional features and advantages of the present disclosure will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain, but do not limit the disclosure. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a paint shaker moisture retention material wrapping sequence;

FIG. 2 is a constant humidity flexible airtight tent;

FIG. 3 is a constant humidity clean glass house;

fig. 4 is a graph of temperature and humidity data in a coffin preservation warehouse;

fig. 5 is a view showing the preservation state of the paint coffin skin moisture-retaining treated by the method of the present disclosure.

Fig. 6 is an overall preservation state of a paint coffin subjected to a moisturizing treatment by the method of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

The following describes specific embodiments of the present disclosure in detail. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating and illustrating the disclosure, are not intended to limit the disclosure.

The first aspect of the present disclosure provides an archaeological unearthed unsaturated water paint machine humectant, wherein the humectant contains the following components in percentage by weight: 20-40 wt% of polyethylene glycol 200, 2-5 wt% of sodium lactate, 1-3 wt% of glucosamine, 3-6 wt% of sorbitol and the balance deionized water.

The third aspect of the disclosure provides a synergistic moisturizing treatment method of an archaeological unearthed unsaturated water paint machine, the method comprising the following steps:

The raw Xuan or tissue paper in the wrapping material of the outer surface of the paint device has the characteristic of softening when meeting water, is suitable for being applied to the surface of the paint device, and is used for preventing the surface of a paint film from being damaged by physical friction, aggravated warping, falling and the like. And the paper, gauze or sponge plays a role in self-regulating moisture absorption and release, and the polyethylene film plays a role in slowing down and blocking the outward volatilization of the internal moisture, so that the humidity fluctuation in the microenvironment can be effectively preserved.

According to the present disclosure, the gauze in step S3 is a gauze treated with an aqueous solution of benzalkonium bromide and an insecticide; the weight percentage concentration of the benzalkonium bromide aqueous solution is 1.5-3%, and the weight percentage concentration of the pesticide is 0.5-1.5%;

The fourth aspect of the disclosure provides an application of the method in the moisture preservation treatment of an archaeological unearthed unsaturated water paint device.

The present disclosure is further illustrated by the following examples, but the present disclosure is not limited thereby.

Example 1

Paint film simulation sample preparation: filtering the red polishing paint in a fume hood by adopting filter cloth, pouring a proper amount of filtered impurities onto a clean polytetrafluoroethylene film, and repeatedly scraping with a paint scraping plate until the visual surface is completely smooth and has no defect or local uneven state; the coated paint sheet was put into a saturated brine humidity generator (a drier with saturated brine of potassium chloride, t=25 ℃, rh=85%) and dried for one week, and then taken out and peeled off to obtain a complete paint film sample with a size of 20cm×20cm and a thickness of 100-200 μm.

And (3) preparing a humectant: 20% by weight of polyethylene glycol 200, 2.5% by weight of sodium lactate, 1% by weight of glucosamine, 4% by weight of sorbitol and the balance deionized water;

moisturizing method and dosage: the sprinkling can is used for sprinkling the humectant for moisturizing, and the sprinkling can is used for sprinkling for multiple times with the dosage of 20mL.

Comparative example 1

The difference from example 1 is that the humectant is an aqueous ethanol solution of 50% by weight concentration.

Comparative example 2

Unlike example 1, the humectant in this comparative example was an aqueous polyethylene glycol 200 solution at a concentration of 40% by weight.

Comparative example 3

Unlike example 1, the humectant in this comparative example was an aqueous polyethylene glycol 400 solution at a concentration of 40% by weight.

Comparative example 4

The difference from example 1 is that the humectant in this comparative example is an aqueous solution of glycerol and ethanol, wherein the volume ratio of glycerol, ethanol and water is 3:2:1.

test example 1

Moisturizing effect evaluation: the humectant combination of the present disclosure in example 1 was compared with the humectant properties of the current archaeological unearthed unsaturated water paint machine common humectants in comparative examples 1 to 4 by a weighing method. The different humectant molecules have different acting forces on water molecules and different capacities of absorbing and retaining moisture, so that the moisturizing capacities of different humectants can be evaluated by measuring the combined water quantity. Each moisturizing experiment was repeated 3 times and the average of the 3 results was taken.

Moisturizing experiment: paint film samples sprayed with the same dose of humectant are placed in a stable constant temperature and humidity (t=20 ℃, rh=60%) artificial climatic chamber, each sample is weighed after 3 days of placement, the water loss rate is calculated, and the moisture retention rate is compared by the size of the water loss rate.

Water loss (%) = (M ₂ -M ₃ )/(M ₂ -M ₁ )×100％

Wherein M is ₁ For film weight (mg), M ₂ The total weight (mg) of the paint film after the humectant is sprayed is M3, and the total weight (mg) of the paint film after the humectant is sprayed is placed.

Experimental results: as can be seen from table 1, the water loss rate of each humectant increased with the time of standing. Among them, in the comparative example 1, the water loss of the 50% aqueous ethanol solution (combination 1) was most remarkable, the moisturizing effect was the worst, and the effects of comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 were close. The humectant formulated in example 1 had the lowest loss rate and the best moisturizing performance.

TABLE 1 moisturizing Performance test results

Time of placement (h)	Combination 1	Combination 2	Combination 3	Combination 4	The combination of the invention
						24	63.21％	41.30％	58.05％	37.22％	28.30％
48	82.28％	54.07％	65.96％	44.87％	32.53％
						96	95.76％	69.25％	75.20％	49.18％	38.23％

Example 2

Archaeological unearthed paint film residue moisturizing effect

The surface humidity conditions of 4h, 12h and 24h are respectively placed in the environment controlled by a humectant (30 wt% of polyethylene glycol 200, 3 wt% of sodium lactate, 2 wt% of glucosamine, 3 wt% of sorbitol and the balance of deionized water) prepared by the present disclosure, a packaging material (raw rice paper, gauze, sponge and polyethylene film) used for packaging the samples before and after moisture preservation, a normal-humidity environment and a saturated salt water humidity generator (a dryer filled with potassium sulfate saturated salt water, RH=95%) glass dryer. Wrapping a layer of raw Xuan paper 2, wherein the gauze is treated by adopting a benzalkonium bromide solution with the weight percentage concentration of 1.5% and an insecticide with the weight percentage concentration of 1.5% (deltamethrin and chlorbenzuron are mixed in a ratio of 1:1); the thickness of the sponge is 3cm. The surface moisture content of the paint was measured by a surface moisture content meter (Corneometer CM825 PC) and the humidity change of the paint was repeated 3 times to obtain an average value. The water content was calculated using the following formula:

moisture retention (%) =post T-T pre-T/pre-T100%

As can be seen from table 2, after the moisture-retaining spraying treatment of the archaeological unearthed paint film by adopting the humectant disclosed by the present disclosure, the moisture retention rate is remarkably improved, and the paint film can be greatly improved when the paint film is wrapped by the method disclosed by the present disclosure and placed in a high-humidity environment with the environment of 95%, so that the water content of the paint film is maintained, and the paint film is prevented from rapid water loss and rolling.

TABLE 2 comparison of moisturizing effects of archaeological unearthed paint film fragments in different treatment modes

Example 3

Actual moisturizing effect of tomb unearthed gold drawing colored paint coffin

The archaeological paint coffin is deeply buried underground for nearly 500 years, and is influenced by factors such as acid and alkali soaking of underground water mixed with soil, plant root growth and the like for a long time, wood embryo parts and outer coffin plates are rotten, and the paint skin on the surface of the paint coffin has the signs of foaming, cracking and curling. The average air relative humidity of Beijing in winter is about 30%, the average air relative humidity in summer is about 50%, and the air is dry, and in the instant release process of the moisture of the paint coffin, the shrinkage stress of wood components with different densities and water contents can cause the deformation of the paint coffin. Under the condition that the ambient humidity is not up to standard, in order to avoid the paint skin to warp, the temporary mode of spraying water to the paint coffin body is adopted when the paint skin is moisturized, and the surface tension of water loss also brings stress injury to a paint film, so that more serious cracking and falling are caused.

The present disclosure provides a moisture treatment for paint coffin for archaeological unearthing: firstly, dipping a medical cotton swab in an ethanol aqueous solution with the concentration of 40 weight percent to wipe off the surface of a paint coffinSurface stains; spraying a humectant to moisturize by using a watering can, wherein the humectant comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 40% by weight of

polyethylene glycol

200, 2% by weight of sodium lactate, 1% by weight of glucosamine, 4% by weight of sorbitol, and the balance of deionized water; the four surface areas of the paint coffin are about 6.86m ² 600mL of humectant is shared, and the dosage is 87mL/m ² The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Under the adsorption action of a humectant, applying 2 layers of raw rice paper on the surface of a lacquer leather, then wrapping gauze treated by using a benzalkonium bromide solution with the concentration of 1.5 weight percent and an insecticide (deltamethrin and chlorbenzuron mixed in a ratio of 1:1) with the concentration of 1.5 weight percent, then wrapping sponge with the thickness of about 3cm, and finally wrapping a polyethylene film. The method of 'high humidity shadow drying' is adopted, the constant humidity flexible airtight tent is installed in the early stage, the verification effect is good, the system is updated to a constant humidity clean glass house system in the later stage, and an independent 'humidity controllable, stable and clean' storage microenvironment is created for the unearthed cultural relics. The system is matched with an isenthalpic humidity control system on the basis of a high airtight enclosure structure, and stability and uniformity regulation and control of environmental parameters in a storage space are ensured. The coffin in the earlier stage just digs out from underground, and the moisture content is big, and the relative humidity setting value in the constant humidity storehouse is 95%, and the humidity in the constant humidity equipment real-time detection storehouse is adjusted for the coffin can be in the higher and even dehydration of invariable state of humidity. Therein, two drastic humidity drops (2018.7.16 and 2018.7.18) occur, as the staff opens the warehouse for work reasons. Through verification for three years, the method has remarkable moisturizing effect and good preservation condition of the paint coffin, and lays a good foundation for later dehydration and repair work.

Aiming at the urgent diseases of the paint discharging device in the laboratory archaeological process, the collaborative moisturizing treatment method can delay and inhibit the development of the paint discharging device diseases, and strives for enough time for the repair of the next stage of the paint discharging device so as to ensure the stable and safe preservation of the paint discharging device.

The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solutions of the present disclosure within the scope of the technical concept of the present disclosure, and all the simple modifications belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure.

In addition, the specific features described in the foregoing embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present disclosure does not further describe various possible combinations.

Moreover, any combination between the various embodiments of the present disclosure is possible as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present disclosure, which should also be construed as the disclosure of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. The archaeological unearthed unsaturated water paint device humectant is characterized by comprising 25-30 wt% of polyethylene glycol 200, 3-4 wt% of sodium lactate, 2-3 wt% of glucosamine, 3-4 wt% of sorbitol and the balance of deionized water.

2. The use of the humectant of claim 1 in the moisturizing treatment of an archaeological unearthed non-saturated water paint machine.

3. The cooperative moisturizing treatment method of the archaeological unearthed unsaturated water paint machine is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

s1, wiping stains on the surface of a paint device after soil stripping, and spraying the humectant in the claim 1 on the surface of the paint device to saturate a paint film;

4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the humectant is used in an amount of 50-200mL/m in step S1 ² 。

5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the gauze in step S3 is gauze treated with an aqueous solution of benzalkonium bromide and an insecticide; the weight percentage concentration of the benzalkonium bromide aqueous solution is 1.5-3%, and the weight percentage concentration of the pesticide is 0.5-1.5%;

6. A method according to claim 3, wherein the thickness of the sponge in step S3 is 2-4cm.

7. The method of claim 3, wherein the environment with a relative humidity above 95% in step S4 comprises a glass dryer containing saturated brine and/or an airtight enclosure with a constant humidity machine to control the preservation environment.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the saturated brine comprises at least one of saturated potassium sulfate, saturated potassium nitrate, and saturated potassium chromate saturated brine.

9. Use of the method according to any one of claims 3 to 8 in the moisturizing treatment of archaeological unearthed unsaturated water lacquers.