CN113604097A

CN113604097A - Archaeological unearthed unsaturated water paint device humectant and moisturizing treatment method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113604097A
Application number: CN202110984374.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 何秋菊; 张雪鸽; 许璇
Original assignee: CAPITAL MUSEUMCHINA
Current assignee: CAPITAL MUSEUMCHINA
Priority date: 2021-08-25
Filing date: 2021-08-25
Publication date: 2021-11-05
Anticipated expiration: 2041-08-25
Also published as: CN113604097B

Abstract

The invention relates to an archaeological unearthed unsaturated water paint humectant which comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20-40 wt% of polyethylene glycol 200, 2-5 wt% of sodium lactate, 1-3 wt% of glucosamine, 3-6 wt% of sorbitol and the balance of deionized water. The humectant provided by the present disclosure can effectively prevent the phenomena of paint film drying shrinkage, warping and the like caused by rapid water loss during and after unearthing of the existing unsaturated paint container.

Description

Archaeological unearthed unsaturated water paint device humectant and moisturizing treatment method thereof

Technical Field

The disclosure relates to the technical field of lacquer relic protection and restoration, in particular to an archaeological unearthed non-saturated lacquer humectant and a moisturizing treatment method thereof.

Background

The lacquerware is a ware which is coated on various matrix bodies (including wood matrix, clamping tire storage, ceramic matrix and the like) by natural raw lacquer or refined lacquer and the like, and is an important component of cultural heritage in China. The Chinese lacquerware is divided into southern saturated lacquerware and northern wet non-saturated lacquerware according to unearthed regions. According to the record of archaeological data, the lacquerware has more unearthed soil in southern areas such as Hubei, Hunan and Anhui, and the preservation condition is mostly better. According to ancient lacquer distribution diagrams drawn by historical documents, from the Qin era to the present, lacquer trees are planted in the southwest part of Beijing, the southern part of Shanxi, the Shanxi and the south of Gansu. When the paint device unearthed in northern areas is buried underground, due to the repeated rise and fall of underground water level and the influence of acid, alkali, salt, biological factors and the like in the burying environment, chemical components such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in raw wood are changed remarkably, a part of fiber tissue structures are broken, the wood is rotten, cementing substances between a paint film and a tire body are aged and lost, the paint film is degraded to generate cracks, and the original mechanical strength of the paint device is lost. For a decayed state paint device which is unearthed from archaeology, the paint film is often shrunk, raised and even dropped due to unbalanced shrinkage stress caused by rapid water loss due to sudden changes of environmental temperature and humidity, so that the appearance and integrity of the paint device cultural relics are damaged, and the subsequent dehydration repair work is also greatly difficult.

The moisture-preserving treatment can avoid the drying shrinkage and the upwarping of a paint film caused by rapid water loss when the paint device is unearthed. A soaking moisturizing mode is often used after the southern water-saturated paint device is unearthed, but the northern paint device is in a damp state instead of a water-saturated state, has low water content and weak combination of a matrix and a paint film, and is not suitable for the soaking moisturizing mode. At present, the protection research of the unearthed paint device in the northern area mostly focuses on the aspects of softening and sticking back of a paint film, relatively few moisture-preserving researches about unearthed paint devices are carried out, and no mature and effective moisture-preserving method for the unearthed paint device is provided. After the northern paint sprayer is unearthed, the common water spraying paint sprayer is used for moisturizing, but because the surface tension of water is large, under the condition that the environmental humidity does not reach the standard, a moisturizing mode of repeatedly spraying water to the unearthed paint sprayer body is adopted, so that the moisture is easily saturated and dissipated repeatedly to bring serious stress damage to a paint film, and further more serious cracking and upwarping are generated.

Therefore, an effective scientific protection means is urgently needed to prevent the paint film from drying and warping caused by rapid water loss of the northern archaeological unearthed unsaturated paint device.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an archaeological unearthed unsaturated water paint humectant and a moisturizing treatment method thereof, which can prevent a paint film from drying and warping caused by rapid water loss during and after unearthed parts of the existing unsaturated water paint.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the disclosure provides, in a first aspect, an archaeological unearthed unsaturated lacquer humectant, which contains the following components in percentage by weight: 20-40 wt% of polyethylene glycol 200, 2-5 wt% of sodium lactate, 1-3 wt% of glucosamine, 3-6 wt% of sorbitol and the balance of deionized water.

According to the disclosure, the humectant contains the following components in percentage by weight: 25-30 wt% of polyethylene glycol 200, 3-4 wt% of sodium lactate, 2-3 wt% of glucosamine, 3-4 wt% of sorbitol and the balance of deionized water.

The present disclosure provides, in a second aspect, use of the moisturizing agent of the first aspect in a moisturizing treatment of an archaeological unearthed paint-saturator.

The third aspect of the disclosure provides a cooperative moisturizing treatment method for an archaeological unearthed unsaturated water paint device, which comprises the following steps:

s1, wiping off stains on the surface of the paint device after unearthing, and spraying the humectant on the first aspect onto the surface of the paint device to soak the paint film;

s2, pasting 1-2 layers of raw rice paper or tissue paper on the surface of the lacquerware, and enabling the raw rice paper or tissue paper to be adsorbed on the humectant on the surface of the lacquerware;

s3, sequentially wrapping gauze, sponge and polyethylene film on the outer surface of the rice paper adsorbed on the lacquer container;

s4, the lacquerware wrapped in the step S3 is placed in an environment with the relative humidity of more than 95% for storage.

According to the disclosure, the amount of the humectant used in step S1 is 50-200mL/m²。

According to the present disclosure, wherein the gauze in step S3 is a gauze treated with benzalkonium bromide water solution and pesticide; wherein, the weight percentage concentration of the benzalkonium bromide aqueous solution is 1.5-3%, and the weight percentage concentration of the pesticide is 0.5-1.5%;

the pesticide comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 40-60% by weight of deltamethrin and 40-60% by weight of chlorbenzuron.

According to the disclosure, the thickness of the sponge in step S3 is 2-4 cm.

According to the present disclosure, wherein the environment with a relative humidity above 95% in step S4 comprises a glass dryer containing saturated brine and/or an air tight enclosure for storing the environment using a humidistat control.

According to the present disclosure, the saturated brine includes at least one of saturated potassium sulfate, saturated potassium nitrate, and saturated potassium chromate saturated brine.

The fourth aspect of the disclosure provides the application of the method of the third aspect in the moisture preservation treatment of the archaeological unearthed unsaturated water paint device.

Through the technical scheme, the archaeological unearthed paint device can be effectively moisturized, the phenomena of paint film embrittlement, upwarping, paint device deformation and the like caused by rapid water loss due to environment mutation after unearthed paint is prevented, and the problems of paint film falling, wood matrix decay, paint device matrix separation and collapse and the like caused by moisturizing in a southern unearthed paint device water soaking mode are avoided.

Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure without limiting the disclosure. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a paint moisturizing material wrapping sequence;

FIG. 2 is a constant humidity flexible airtight tent;

FIG. 3 is a constant humidity clean glass room;

fig. 4 is a data curve of the temperature and humidity in the coffin outer coffin storage warehouse;

fig. 5 shows the current preservation situation of the paint skin of the lacquer coffin subjected to moisturizing treatment by the method.

Fig. 6 shows the whole preservation status of the lacquer coffin subjected to the moisturizing treatment by the method.

Detailed Description

The following describes in detail specific embodiments of the present disclosure. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the present disclosure, are given by way of illustration and explanation only, not limitation.

The first aspect of the disclosure provides an archaeological unearthed unsaturated water paint humectant which contains the following components in percentage by weight: 20-40 wt% of polyethylene glycol 200, 2-5 wt% of sodium lactate, 1-3 wt% of glucosamine, 3-6 wt% of sorbitol and the balance of deionized water.

The raw rice paper or tissue paper in the wrapping material on the outer surface of the paint container has the characteristic of becoming soft when meeting water, is suitable for being pasted on the surface of the paint container, and is used for preventing the surface of a paint film from being damaged by physical friction, aggravated upwarp and falling and the like. And paper, gauze or sponge play the self-regulating effect of absorbing moisture, releasing moisture, and the polyethylene film plays the effect of slowing down, keeping off inside moisture outwards volatilizing, can effectively preserve the humidity fluctuation in the microenvironment.

According to the present disclosure, wherein the gauze in step S3 is a gauze treated with benzalkonium bromide water solution and pesticide; the benzalkonium bromide aqueous solution has the weight percentage concentration of 1.5-3 percent, and the pesticide has the weight percentage concentration of 0.5-1.5 percent;

According to the disclosure, the thickness of the sponge in step S3 is 2-4 cm.

The fourth aspect of the disclosure provides application of the method in moisture preservation treatment of archaeological unearthed unsaturated water paint devices.

The present disclosure is further illustrated by the following examples, but is not limited thereto.

Example 1

Preparation of a paint film simulation sample: filtering the red polishing paint by adopting filter cloth in a fume hood, pouring a proper amount of the red polishing paint onto a clean polytetrafluoroethylene film after impurities are filtered out, and repeatedly scraping the red polishing paint by using a paint scraping plate until the visual inspection surface is completely flat and has no defects or local uneven states; and (3) putting the coated paint pieces into a saturated saline water humidity generator (a dryer filled with saturated saline water of potassium chloride, T is 25 ℃, and RH is 85%) for drying for one week, taking out and stripping to obtain complete paint film samples with the size of 20cm multiplied by 20cm and the thickness of 100-200 mu m.

Preparing a humectant: 20% by weight polyethylene glycol 200, 2.5% by weight sodium lactate, 1% by weight glucosamine, 4% by weight sorbitol and the balance deionized water;

the moisturizing method and the dosage are as follows: spraying humectant with a spray can for several times, wherein the amount is 20 mL.

Comparative example 1

In contrast to example 1, the humectant was a 50% by weight ethanol aqueous solution.

Comparative example 2

In contrast to example 1, the humectant in this comparative example was a 40 weight percent aqueous solution of polyethylene glycol 200.

Comparative example 3

In contrast to example 1, the humectant in this comparative example was a 40 weight percent aqueous solution of polyethylene glycol 400.

Comparative example 4

Different from example 1, the humectant in the comparative example is an aqueous solution of glycerol and ethanol, wherein the volume ratio of glycerol, ethanol and water is 3: 2: 1.

test example 1

Evaluation of moisturizing effect: the moisturizing performance of the humectant combination disclosed in example 1 and the humectant commonly used in the existing archaeological unearthed unsaturated water paint device in comparative examples 1-4 is compared by a weighing method. Different humectant molecules have different acting forces on water molecules and different capacities of absorbing and retaining water, so that the moisturizing capacities of different humectants can be evaluated by measuring the amount of bound water. Each moisturizing experiment was repeated 3 times, and the results were averaged over 3 times.

Moisture retention test: and (3) placing the paint film sample sprayed with the same amount of the humectant in a stable constant-temperature constant-humidity (T20 ℃, RH 60%) climatic chamber, weighing each sample after placing for 3 days, calculating the water loss rate, and comparing the moisture retention rate according to the water loss rate.

Water loss (%) - (M)₂-M₃)/(M₂-M₁)×100％

In the formula, M₁As paint film weight (mg), M₂The total weight (mg) of the paint film after being sprayed with the humectant, and the M3 is the total weight (mg) of the paint film after being placed after being sprayed with the humectant.

The experimental results are as follows: as can be seen from Table 1, the water loss rates of the various humectants increased with time. Among them, in comparative example 1, the 50% ethanol aqueous solution (combination 1) lost water most remarkably, and the moisturizing effect was the worst, and the effects of comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 were close to each other. The humectant prepared in example 1 has the lowest water loss rate and the best moisture retention performance.

Table 1 moisturizing performance test results

Standing time (h)	Combination 1	Combination 2	Combination 3	Combination 4	The invention combination
						24	63.21％	41.30％	58.05％	37.22％	28.30％
48	82.28％	54.07％	65.96％	44.87％	32.53％
						96	95.76％	69.25％	75.20％	49.18％	38.23％

Example 2

Moisturizing effect of archaeological unearthed paint film fragments

Compared with archaeological unearthed paint film residue samples, the surface humidity conditions of 4h, 12h and 24h are respectively placed in the environment controlled by a glass drier (a drier filled with potassium sulfate saturated saline, RH is 95%) before and after moisture preservation treatment by using the humectant (30 wt% of polyethylene glycol 200, 3 wt% of sodium lactate, 2 wt% of glucosamine, 3 wt% of sorbitol and the balance of deionized water) prepared by the method, before and after packaging by using packaging materials (raw rice paper, gauze, sponge and polyethylene film), and in a normal-humidity environment and a saturated saline humidity generator. Wrapping 2 layers of raw rice paper, wherein the gauze is obtained by treating benzalkonium bromide solution with a concentration of 1.5% by weight and pesticide with a concentration of 1.5% by weight (deltamethrin and chlorbenzuron are mixed in a ratio of 1: 1); the thickness of the sponge is 3 cm. The change of the humidity of the surface of the native lacquer peel is measured by a surface moisture content tester (Corneometer CM825PC) and repeated for 3 times respectively to obtain the average value. The water content was calculated using the following formula:

moisture retention (%) after T treatment-before T treatment/before T treatment 100%

As can be seen from table 2, after the moisture-retaining spraying treatment of the archaeological unearthed paint film by using the humectant disclosed herein, the moisture-retaining rate is significantly improved, and the paint film wrapped by the method disclosed herein is placed in a high-humidity environment with an environment of 95% so that the moisture-retaining rate of the paint film is greatly improved, which is helpful for maintaining the water content of the paint film and preventing the paint film from being rapidly dehydrated and rolled up.

TABLE 2 comparison of different treatment modes of the archaeological unearthed paint film fragments for moisturizing effect

Example 3

Actual moisturizing effect of open tomb unearthed painted gold colored drawing lacquer coffin

The archaeological earthed paint coffin is buried underground for nearly 500 years, is influenced by factors such as acid-base salt soaking of soil-mixed underground water, plant root growth and the like for a long time, local wood embryo and coffin boards are rotten, and the paint skin on the surface of the paint coffin has signs of foaming, cracking and curling. Beijing has average air relative humidity of about 30% in winter and about 50% in summer, and the paint coffin is air-dried, so that the shrinkage stress of wood members with different densities and water contents can cause the deformation of the paint coffin in the process of instantaneously releasing the water in the paint coffin. Under the condition that the environmental humidity does not reach the standard, in order to avoid the paint skin from warping, a water spraying mode is temporarily adopted for the paint coffin body, so that the paint skin is moisturized, and meanwhile, the surface tension of water loss also brings stress damage to a paint film, and the paint film is cracked and falls off more seriously.

The method is characterized in that the paint coffin for archaeology unearthing is subjected to moisturizing treatment: firstly, dipping a medical cotton swab in 40 weight percent ethanol water solution to remove stains on the surface of the lacquer coffin; spraying a humectant by using a spray can for moisturizing, wherein the humectant comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 40% by weight of

polyethylene glycol

200, 2% by weight of sodium lactate, 1% by weight of glucosamine, 4% by weight of sorbitol, the balance being deionized water; the four surface areas of the lacquer coffin are about 6.86m²600mL of the humectant is commonly used, and the dosage is 87mL/m²(ii) a Under the adsorption action of a moisture-retaining agent, 2 layers of raw rice paper are pasted on the surface of a lacquer leather, then gauze treated by 1.5 weight percent of benzalkonium bromide solution and 1.5 weight percent of pesticide (deltamethrin and chlorbenzuron are mixed in a ratio of 1: 1) is wrapped, sponge with the thickness of about 3cm is wrapped, and finally polyethylene film is wrapped. The method of 'high humidity shade drying' is adopted, a constant humidity flexible airtight tent is installed in the early stage, the verification effect is good, the constant humidity clean glass house system is upgraded in the later stage, and an independent 'humidity controllable, stable and clean' storage microenvironment is created for unearthed cultural relics. The system is matched with an equal enthalpy humidity control system on the basis of a high-airtight enclosing structure, so that storage is ensuredAnd regulating and controlling the stability and uniformity of environmental parameters in the space. The coffin is just dug out from the ground in the early period, the water content is high, the relative humidity set value in the constant humidity warehouse is 95%, and the constant humidity equipment detects the humidity in the warehouse in real time and adjusts the humidity, so that the coffin can be uniformly dewatered in a state that the humidity is high and constant. Two severe drops in humidity (2018.7.16 and 2018.7.18) occur, because the staff opened the warehouse for work reasons. After the verification of three years, the method has obvious moisturizing effect and good preservation condition of the paint coffin, and lays a good foundation for the later dehydration and repair work.

Aiming at urgent diseases of the unearthed lacquerware in the laboratory archaeology process, the cooperative moisturizing treatment method disclosed by the invention can delay and inhibit the development of the lacquerware diseases, and strives for enough time for the next stage of repair of the lacquerware so as to ensure the stable and safe storage of the lacquerware.

The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications may be made to the technical solution of the present disclosure within the technical idea of the present disclosure, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present disclosure.

It should be noted that, in the foregoing embodiments, various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various combinations that are possible in the present disclosure are not described again.

In addition, any combination of various embodiments of the present disclosure may be made, and the same should be considered as the disclosure of the present disclosure, as long as it does not depart from the spirit of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. The archaeological unearthed unsaturated water paint humectant is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: 20-40 wt% of polyethylene glycol 200, 2-5 wt% of sodium lactate, 1-3 wt% of glucosamine, 3-6 wt% of sorbitol and the balance of deionized water.

2. The moisturizing agent according to claim 1, wherein the moisturizing agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25-30 wt% of polyethylene glycol 200, 3-4 wt% of sodium lactate, 2-3 wt% of glucosamine, 3-4 wt% of sorbitol and the balance of deionized water.

3. Use of the humectant of claim 1 or 2 in the moisturizing treatment of archaeological unearthed non-saturated paint dispensers.

4. A cooperative moisturizing treatment method for archaeological unearthed unsaturated water-saturated lacquerware is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, wiping off stains on the surface of the paint after the paint is removed, and spraying the humectant of claim 1 or 2 on the surface of the paint to soak the paint film;

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the humectant is used in an amount of 50-200mL/m in step S1²。

6. The method of claim 4, wherein the gauze of step S3 is a gauze treated with benzalkonium bromide in water and a pesticide; the benzalkonium bromide aqueous solution has the weight percentage concentration of 1.5-3 percent, and the pesticide has the weight percentage concentration of 0.5-1.5 percent;

7. The method of claim 4, wherein the sponge has a thickness of 2-4cm in step S3.

8. The method of claim 4, wherein the environment with a relative humidity above 95% in step S4 comprises a glass dryer containing saturated saline water and/or an air tight enclosure for storing the environment using a hygrostat control.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the saturated brine comprises at least one of saturated potassium sulfate, saturated potassium nitrate, and saturated potassium chromate saturated brine.

10. Use of the method of any one of claims 4 to 9 in the moisturizing treatment of archaeological unearthed non-saturated water paint applicators.