CN113603818A - 含糖聚离子液体及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

含糖聚离子液体及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN113603818A
CN113603818A CN202110763605.6A CN202110763605A CN113603818A CN 113603818 A CN113603818 A CN 113603818A CN 202110763605 A CN202110763605 A CN 202110763605A CN 113603818 A CN113603818 A CN 113603818A
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张强
陈京
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种含糖聚离子液体及其制备方法和应用。所述制备方法采用含叔胺杂环类单体聚合形成聚合物主链,作为离子液体前驱体,再将离子液体前驱体与溴醇或溴糖混合,叔胺基团与溴基发生季铵化反应,得到含溴的含糖聚离子液体,含溴的含糖聚离子液体再进行阴离子交换,得到含相应阴离子的含糖聚离子液体。本发明制备方法简单易行,合成的含糖聚离子液体另具有杀菌谱广、杀菌效率高、不易产生抗药性的特点。

Description

含糖聚离子液体及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于杀菌剂领域,涉及一种含糖聚离子液体及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
聚离子液体(PIL)是由聚合物主链和重复单元中的离子液体(IL)物质组成的材料,同时具有离子液体和聚合物的优点,具有带有正负电荷且对外不显电性的特点。
由于细菌表面带有的负电荷,因此杀菌剂必须带有阳离子基团去吸引细菌。另外杀 菌的关键是聚合物带有的疏水链段,由于磷脂双分子层是疏水的,因此疏水链段可以插入到磷脂双分子层,破坏细胞壁使细胞泄露,导致细胞的死亡。这就说明聚合物结构中 阳离子和疏水组分之间需要某种“平衡”。但过度疏水性会导致对人体红细胞的高毒性。 综上所述,现有的聚离子液体型抗菌剂仍然存在一些问题,例如疏水型的聚离子液体抗 菌剂杀菌效果好但对人体有害,而亲水型的聚离子液体抗菌剂对人体无害但杀菌效果 差。因此人们试着在聚合物中加入亲水性链段来平衡聚合物“亲水-疏水”的关系,以 求满足杀菌目的的同时尽可能的减少对人体的危害(Biomacromolecules,2019,20, 4096-4106)。目前,尚未有文献报道既能保持抗菌剂的亲水型亦能有较好的杀菌性能且 对人体无毒性的聚离子液体型抗菌剂。
众所周知,糖类是人体不可或缺的物质之一,在聚合物中加入糖基链段会大幅度提 高与人体血液的亲和力,减少对人体的毒性(AngewChemInt Edit 2018,57,12707-12710)。 但现有文献报道中,由于糖类物质含有多个羟基的醛或酮类物质,在制备相关的单体和 聚合物时,它们经常干扰反应。在糖化学中开发出保护-去保护过程来消除这种干扰。 但是这种保护-脱保护的方式需要用保护剂先保护起来,然后用碱性物质来脱保护,在工业生产过程中增加了流程和成本(Macromolecules 2015,48,3705-3712)。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种含糖聚离子液体及其制备方法,以及其作为杀菌剂的应 用。所述的含糖聚离子液体通过在聚合物链段中引入含糖基团,极大地降低材料对人体血红细胞的毒性,提高生物相容性。由于糖的引入大大的降低了调整结构与抗菌活性之 间关系的难度,保持亲水性的同时降低了生物毒性。
实现本发明目的的技术方案如下:
含糖聚离子液体,其结构式如下所示:
Figure BDA0003149960200000021
本发明还提供上述含糖聚离子液体的制备方法,采用含叔胺杂环类单体聚合形成聚 合物主链,作为离子液体前驱体,再将离子液体前驱体与溴糖混合,叔胺基团与溴基发生季铵化反应,得到含溴的含糖聚离子液体,含溴的含糖聚离子液体再进行阴离子交换,得到含相应阴离子的含糖聚离子液体,具体包括如下步骤:
将离子液体前驱体和溴糖溶于二甲基亚砜中,60~80℃下反应,反应结束后,在N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中纯化,干燥得到含溴的含糖聚离子液体;或将含溴的含 糖聚离子液体与可溶性金属盐混合溶于水中,进行阴离子交换,得到含相应阴离子的含 糖聚离子液体;所述的离子液体前驱体由含叔胺杂环类单体形成的聚合物。
优选地,所述的含叔胺杂环类单体选自乙烯基吡啶、甲基乙烯基吡啶、乙烯基咪唑、 甲基乙烯基咪唑、乙烯基-1,2,4-三唑、1-(丙-1-烯-2-基)-1,2,4-三唑、5-乙烯基噻唑、 甲基5-乙烯基噻唑等。
优选地,溴糖选自2-溴乙基-D-(+)-半乳糖吡喃糖苷,2-溴乙基-D-(+)-葡萄糖吡喃 糖苷、2-溴乙基-D-(+)-甘露糖吡喃糖苷、2-溴乙基-D-(+)-果糖吡喃糖苷、2-溴乙基-D-(+) 核糖呋喃糖苷、2-溴乙基-D-(+)-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷;3-溴-1-丙基-D-(+)-半乳糖吡喃糖苷, 3-溴-1-丙基-D-(+)-葡萄糖吡喃糖苷、3-溴-1-丙基-D-(+)-甘露糖吡喃糖苷、3-溴-1-丙基- D-(+)-果糖吡喃糖苷、3-溴-1-丙基-D-(+)核糖呋喃糖苷、3-溴-1-丙基-D-(+)-阿拉伯呋喃 糖苷;4-溴-1-丁基-D-(+)-半乳糖吡喃糖苷,4-溴-1-丁基-D-(+)-葡萄糖吡喃糖苷、4-溴 -1-丁基-D-(+)-甘露糖吡喃糖苷、4-溴-1-丁基-D-(+)-果糖吡喃糖苷、4-溴-1-丁基-D-(+) 核糖呋喃糖苷、4-溴-1-丁基-D-(+)-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷;5-溴-1-戊基-D-(+)-半乳糖吡喃糖 苷,5-溴-1-戊基-D-(+)-葡萄糖吡喃糖苷、5-溴-1-戊基-D-(+)-甘露糖吡喃糖苷、5-溴-1- 戊基-D-(+)-果糖吡喃糖苷、5-溴-1-戊基-D-(+)核糖呋喃糖苷、5-溴-1-戊基-D-(+)-阿拉伯 呋喃糖苷;6-溴-1-己基-D-(+)-半乳糖吡喃糖苷,6-溴-1-己基-D-(+)-葡萄糖吡喃糖苷、 6-溴-1-己基-D-(+)-甘露糖吡喃糖苷、6-溴-1-己基-D-(+)-果糖吡喃糖苷、6-溴-1-己基- D-(+)核糖呋喃糖苷、6-溴-1-己基-D-(+)-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷;7-溴-1-庚基-D-(+)-半乳糖吡 喃糖苷,7-溴-1-庚基-D-(+)-葡萄糖吡喃糖苷、7-溴-1-庚基-D-(+)-甘露糖吡喃糖苷、7- 溴-1-庚基-D-(+)-果糖吡喃糖苷、7-溴-1-庚基-D-(+)核糖呋喃糖苷、7-溴-1-庚基-D-(+)- 阿拉伯呋喃糖苷;8-溴-1-辛基-D-(+)-半乳糖吡喃糖苷,8-溴-1-辛基-D-(+)-葡萄糖吡喃 糖苷、8-溴-1-辛基-D-(+)-甘露糖吡喃糖苷、8-溴-1-辛基-D-(+)-果糖吡喃糖苷、8-溴-1- 辛基-D-(+)核糖呋喃糖苷、8-溴-1-辛基-D-(+)-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷;9-溴-1-壬基-D-(+)-半乳 糖吡喃糖苷,9-溴-1-壬基-D-(+)-葡萄糖吡喃糖苷、9-溴-1-壬基-D-(+)-甘露糖吡喃糖苷、 9-溴-1-壬基-D-(+)-果糖吡喃糖苷、9-溴-1-壬基-D-(+)核糖呋喃糖苷、9-溴-1-壬基-D-(+)- 阿拉伯呋喃糖苷;10-溴-1-葵基-D-(+)-半乳糖吡喃糖苷,10-溴-1-葵基-D-(+)-葡萄糖吡 喃糖苷、10-溴-1-葵基-D-(+)-甘露糖吡喃糖苷、10-溴-1-葵基-D-(+)-果糖吡喃糖苷、10- 溴-1-葵基-D-(+)核糖呋喃糖苷、10-溴-1-葵基-D-(+)-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷;11-溴-1-十一烷基 -D-(+)-半乳糖吡喃糖苷,11-溴-1-十一烷基-D-(+)-葡萄糖吡喃糖苷、11-溴-1-十一烷基- D-(+)-甘露糖吡喃糖苷、11-溴-1-十一烷基-D-(+)-果糖吡喃糖苷、11-溴-1-十一烷基-D-(+) 核糖呋喃糖苷、11-溴-1-十一烷基-D-(+)-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷。
优选地,可溶性金属盐选自氟化锂、氯化锂、溴化锂、碘化锂、硝酸锂、硫酸锂、 碳酸锂、四氟硼酸锂、六氟磷酸锂、双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺锂等可溶性金属盐。
优选地,离子液体前驱体和溴糖的摩尔比为1:1.5~3。
优选地,反应时间为3~5天。
优选地,干燥温度为80℃,干燥时间为24小时。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点:
(1)本发明首次直接使用未被保护的溴糖和叔胺类聚合物直接季铵化制备含糖聚离子液体,大大简化了合成含糖聚合物的步骤,并降低了合成难度;
(2)本发明的含糖聚离子液体中,含糖链段的引入明显提高了聚合物的亲水性,改善了聚合物整体的亲疏水平衡,降低材料对人体血红细胞的毒性,显著提高其与血液 相容性;
(3)本发明的含糖聚离子液体作为杀菌剂使用时,杀菌谱广,对大肠杆菌、金黄 色葡萄球菌、白色念珠菌、铜绿假单胞菌等均有良好的杀菌效果,且杀菌效率高,不易 产生抗药性。
附图说明
图1是含糖聚离子液体的合成路线图;
图2是含糖聚离子液体的抗菌效果图。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解本发明,下面通过实施例和附图对本发明进一步说明,实施例只用 于解释本发明,不会对本发明构成任何的限定。下述实施例中如无特殊说明,采用的试剂均可商业购买获得或者通过现有文献报道的方法制备。
实施例1
吡啶基含糖聚离子液体的制备方法:
(1)离子液体前驱体聚乙烯基吡啶(P4VP)的制备:利用原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)在氮气保护下进行,按摩尔量计,将1.8倍量三(2-二甲氨基乙基)胺,1倍量 氯化亚铜和水加入到反应瓶A中,脱气使其发生歧化反应,通过氮气鼓泡将混合物脱气 15分钟。之后,将50倍量乙烯基吡啶、1倍量1-氯-1-苯乙烷和纯二甲基亚砜加入反应 瓶B中脱气。将反应瓶B滴加到反应瓶A中密封以在室温下聚合。反应结束后倒掉上 层多余二甲基亚砜,下层在石油醚或者正己烷中沉淀三次,得到纯净的聚乙烯基吡啶。
(2)含糖聚乙烯基吡啶的制备:在1倍量的聚乙烯基吡啶中加入三倍量的3-溴-1-丙基-D-(+)-葡萄糖吡喃糖苷(GluBr)和纯DMSO,80℃反应5天。反应结束后在N,N- 二甲基甲酰胺中纯化,烘干得到纯净的吡啶型含糖聚离子液体P4VP-GluBr。
(3)将含糖聚离子液体P4VP-GluBr与LiBF4混合溶于水中,进行阴离子交换,得 到含糖聚离子液体P4VP-GluBF4
(4)将步骤(2)中的3-溴-1-丙基-D-(+)-葡萄糖吡喃糖苷替换为3-溴-1-丙基-D-(+)- 甘露糖吡喃糖苷(ManBr),反应得到含糖聚离子液体P4VP-ManBr。将含糖聚离子液体P4VP-ManBr与LiBF4混合溶于水中,进行阴离子交换,得到含糖聚离子液体 P4VP-ManBF4
(5)将步骤(2)中的3-溴-1-丙基-D-(+)-葡萄糖吡喃糖苷替换为3-溴-1-丙醇,反应得到含糖聚离子液体P4VP-PropanolBr。将含糖聚离子液体P4VP-PropanolBr与LiBF4混合溶于水中,进行阴离子交换,得到含糖聚离子液体P4VP-PropanolBF4
对以上含糖聚离子液体的抗菌性能进行平板涂布法抗菌性能测试,抗菌效果如附图 2所示。从图2可以看出,对比空白样板,P4VP-ManBF4的含量从1mg/mL增加到3mg /mL时,杀菌效率也从64%提高到92%。另外在3mg/mL时,P4VP-PropanolBr杀菌 效率只有46%,而P4VP-ManBF4为92%,P4VP-GluBF4为53%。通过以上对比发现: 糖的引入并没有降低杀菌效率反而提升了,可能是因为含糖聚合物对大肠杆菌的吸引能 力导致抗菌剂更易于和细菌接触,导致细菌的死亡。另外P4VP-ManBF4的杀菌效果高 于P4VP-GluBF4,原因可能是因为甘露糖与大肠杆菌的吸引效果要优于葡萄糖。经过离 子交换后的杀菌效果降低但是杀菌效果的规律不变。
实施例2~19
与实施例1大致相同,改变吡啶型聚离子液体为咪唑型。
咪唑型含糖聚离子液体的制备方法:
(1)离子液体前驱体聚乙烯基咪唑(PVi)的制备:利用可逆加成-断裂链转移聚 合(RAFT)在氮气保护下进行,将50倍量的乙烯基咪唑、1倍量的O-乙基-S-(1-苯乙 基)二硫代碳酸盐和1倍量的偶氮二异丁腈加入反应瓶中脱气,放入油浴60℃反应32 小时,反应物在石油醚或者正己烷中沉淀三次,得到纯净的聚乙烯基咪唑。
(2)取1倍量的聚乙烯基咪唑,加入三倍量的3-溴-1-丙基-D-(+)-甘露糖吡喃糖苷和纯DMSO,80℃反应5天时间。反应结束后在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中纯化,烘干得到 纯净的咪唑基含糖聚离子液体PVi50-A2-Man。
(3)改变单体乙烯基咪唑的摩尔量调节离子液体前驱体的长短,改变不同种类的糖调节前驱体和糖基之间的烷基链个数,改变溴糖的种类,得到不同的含糖聚离子液体,命名为PVix-Ay-Z,其中x代表聚合物前驱体的长短,Ay代表前驱体和糖基之间的烷基 链个数,Z代表修饰物是糖基或者羟基。
PVi50-A2-OH是指乙烯基咪唑的摩尔量为50倍量,以2-溴乙醇为溴醇合成的咪唑基聚离子液体作为对比例参考。
PVi50-A2-GluBr是指乙烯基咪唑的摩尔量为50倍量,以2-溴乙基-D-(+)-葡萄糖吡喃糖苷为溴糖合成的咪唑基含糖聚离子液体。
PVi50-A2-ManBr是指乙烯基咪唑的摩尔量为50倍量,以2-溴乙基-D-(+)-甘露糖吡喃糖苷为溴糖合成的咪唑基含糖聚离子液体。
PVi50-A3-OH是指乙烯基咪唑的摩尔量为50倍量,以3-溴-1-丙醇为溴醇合成的咪唑基聚离子液体作为对比例参考。
PVi50-A3-GluBr是指乙烯基咪唑的摩尔量为50倍量,以3-溴-1-丙基-D-(+)-葡萄糖 吡喃糖苷为溴糖合成的咪唑基含糖聚离子液体。
PVi50-A3-ManBr是指乙烯基咪唑的摩尔量为50倍量,以3-溴-1-丙基-D-(+)-甘露糖 吡喃糖苷为溴糖合成的咪唑基含糖聚离子液体。
PVi50-A6-GluBr是指乙烯基咪唑的摩尔量为50倍量,以6-溴-1-己基-D-(+)-葡萄糖 吡喃糖苷为溴糖合成的咪唑基含糖聚离子液体。
PVi50-A6-ManBr是指乙烯基咪唑的摩尔量为50倍量,以6-溴-1-己基-D-(+)-甘露糖 吡喃糖苷为溴糖合成的咪唑基含糖聚离子液体。
PVi100-A2-OH是指乙烯基咪唑的摩尔量为100倍量,以2-溴乙醇为溴醇合成的咪唑基聚离子液体作为对比例参考。
PVi100-A2-GluBr是指乙烯基咪唑的摩尔量为100倍量,以2-溴乙基-D-(+)-葡萄糖吡 喃糖苷为溴糖合成的咪唑基含糖聚离子液体。
PVi100-A2-ManBr是指乙烯基咪唑的摩尔量为100倍量,以2-溴乙基-D-(+)-甘露糖吡喃糖苷为溴糖合成的咪唑基含糖聚离子液体。
PVi100-A6-GluBr是指乙烯基咪唑的摩尔量为100倍量,以6-溴-1-己基-D-(+)-葡萄 糖吡喃糖苷为溴糖合成的咪唑基含糖聚离子液体。
PVi100-A6-ManBr是指乙烯基咪唑的摩尔量为100倍量,以6-溴-1-己基-D-(+)-甘露 糖吡喃糖苷为溴糖合成的咪唑基含糖聚离子液体。
PVi200-A2-OH是指乙烯基咪唑的摩尔量为200倍量,以2-溴乙醇为溴醇合成的咪唑基聚离子液体作为对比例参考。
PVi200-A2-GluBr是指乙烯基咪唑的摩尔量为200倍量,以2-溴乙基-D-(+)-葡萄糖吡 喃糖苷为溴糖合成的咪唑基含糖聚离子液体。
PVi200-A2-ManBr是指乙烯基咪唑的摩尔量为200倍量,以2-溴乙基-D-(+)-甘露糖吡喃糖苷为溴糖合成的咪唑基含糖聚离子液体。
PVi200-A6-GluBr是指乙烯基咪唑的摩尔量为200倍量,以6-溴-1-己基-D-(+)-葡萄 糖吡喃糖苷为溴糖合成的咪唑基含糖聚离子液体。
PVi200-A6-ManBr是指乙烯基咪唑的摩尔量为200倍量,以6-溴-1-己基-D-(+)-甘露 糖吡喃糖苷为溴糖合成的咪唑基含糖聚离子液体。
对合成的含糖聚离子液体通过微量稀释法测试最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。并对含糖聚离子液体进行溶血性能测试。测试结果如附表1所示。
表1实施例2~19制得的咪唑型含糖聚离子液体的测试结果
Figure BDA0003149960200000071
注:a:两个数据中前者分别代表对金黄色葡萄球菌的HC50/MIC,后者为对大肠杆菌的HC50/MIC。 b:未测定。
表1中,MIC为最低抑菌浓度,值越低表示杀菌性能越好,HC50为红细胞发生50% 溶血时的浓度,HC50值越高表示对细胞毒性越低,HC50/MIC表示综合性能,对杀菌和 生物相容性的综合评估,其值越高表示效果越好。从表1可以看出,PVix-Ay-Z对金黄 色葡萄球菌的杀菌效果明显优于大肠杆菌,是由于革兰氏阴阳两种细菌细胞壁组成不同 造成的。随着聚合物链段的增长,PVix-Ay-Z对细菌的杀菌效率也明显得到提升。另外 对比含溴醇的聚离子液体,含糖聚离子液体的MIC虽然有所降低(PVi50-A2-OH的MIC 为32,PVi50-A2-GluBr为64),但从生物相容性SI=HC50/MIC上比较来看,含糖聚离子 液体(PVi100-A2-GluBr的SI为256)相较于含溴醇的聚离子液体(PVi50-A2-GluBr的SI 为64)大大得到提升。

Claims (9)

1.含糖聚离子液体,其特征在于,结构式如下所示:
Figure FDA0003149960190000011
R:
Figure FDA0003149960190000012
Figure FDA0003149960190000013
n1,n2,n3,n4:30~200.
X:2~11.Y:F-,Cl-,Br-,I-,Tf2N-,PF6 -,BF4 -,...。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含糖聚离子液体的制备方法,其特征在于,具体包括如下步骤:
将离子液体前驱体和溴糖溶于二甲基亚砜中,60~80℃下反应,反应结束后,在N,N’-二甲基甲酰胺中纯化,干燥得到含溴的含糖聚离子液体;或将含溴的含糖聚离子液体与可溶性金属盐混合溶于水中,进行阴离子交换,得到含相应阴离子的含糖聚离子液体;所述的离子液体前驱体由含叔胺杂环类单体形成的聚合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的含叔胺杂环类单体选自乙烯基吡啶、甲基乙烯基吡啶、乙烯基咪唑、甲基乙烯基咪唑、乙烯基-1,2,4-三唑、1-(丙-1-烯-2-基)-1,2,4-三唑、5-乙烯基噻唑或甲基5-乙烯基噻唑。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,溴糖选自2-溴乙基-D-(+)-半乳糖吡喃糖苷,2-溴乙基-D-(+)-葡萄糖吡喃糖苷、2-溴乙基-D-(+)-甘露糖吡喃糖苷、2-溴乙基-D-(+)-果糖吡喃糖苷、2-溴乙基-D-(+)核糖呋喃糖苷、2-溴乙基-D-(+)-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷;3-溴-1-丙基-D-(+)-半乳糖吡喃糖苷,3-溴-1-丙基-D-(+)-葡萄糖吡喃糖苷、3-溴-1-丙基-D-(+)-甘露糖吡喃糖苷、3-溴-1-丙基-D-(+)-果糖吡喃糖苷、3-溴-1-丙基-D-(+)核糖呋喃糖苷、3-溴-1-丙基-D-(+)-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷;4-溴-1-丁基-D-(+)-半乳糖吡喃糖苷,4-溴-1-丁基-D-(+)-葡萄糖吡喃糖苷、4-溴-1-丁基-D-(+)-甘露糖吡喃糖苷、4-溴-1-丁基-D-(+)-果糖吡喃糖苷、4-溴-1-丁基-D-(+)核糖呋喃糖苷、4-溴-1-丁基-D-(+)-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷;5-溴-1-戊基-D-(+)-半乳糖吡喃糖苷,5-溴-1-戊基-D-(+)-葡萄糖吡喃糖苷、5-溴-1-戊基-D-(+)-甘露糖吡喃糖苷、5-溴-1-戊基-D-(+)-果糖吡喃糖苷、5-溴-1-戊基-D-(+)核糖呋喃糖苷、5-溴-1-戊基-D-(+)-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷;6-溴-1-己基-D-(+)-半乳糖吡喃糖苷,6-溴-1-己基-D-(+)-葡萄糖吡喃糖苷、6-溴-1-己基-D-(+)-甘露糖吡喃糖苷、6-溴-1-己基-D-(+)-果糖吡喃糖苷、6-溴-1-己基-D-(+)核糖呋喃糖苷、6-溴-1-己基-D-(+)-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷;7-溴-1-庚基-D-(+)-半乳糖吡喃糖苷,7-溴-1-庚基-D-(+)-葡萄糖吡喃糖苷、7-溴-1-庚基-D-(+)-甘露糖吡喃糖苷、7-溴-1-庚基-D-(+)-果糖吡喃糖苷、7-溴-1-庚基-D-(+)核糖呋喃糖苷、7-溴-1-庚基-D-(+)-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷;8-溴-1-辛基-D-(+)-半乳糖吡喃糖苷,8-溴-1-辛基-D-(+)-葡萄糖吡喃糖苷、8-溴-1-辛基-D-(+)-甘露糖吡喃糖苷、8-溴-1-辛基-D-(+)-果糖吡喃糖苷、8-溴-1-辛基-D-(+)核糖呋喃糖苷、8-溴-1-辛基-D-(+)-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷;9-溴-1-壬基-D-(+)-半乳糖吡喃糖苷,9-溴-1-壬基-D-(+)-葡萄糖吡喃糖苷、9-溴-1-壬基-D-(+)-甘露糖吡喃糖苷、9-溴-1-壬基-D-(+)-果糖吡喃糖苷、9-溴-1-壬基-D-(+)核糖呋喃糖苷、9-溴-1-壬基-D-(+)-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷;10-溴-1-葵基-D-(+)-半乳糖吡喃糖苷,10-溴-1-葵基-D-(+)-葡萄糖吡喃糖苷、10-溴-1-葵基-D-(+)-甘露糖吡喃糖苷、10-溴-1-葵基-D-(+)-果糖吡喃糖苷、10-溴-1-葵基-D-(+)核糖呋喃糖苷、10-溴-1-葵基-D-(+)-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷;11-溴-1-十一烷基-D-(+)-半乳糖吡喃糖苷,11-溴-1-十一烷基-D-(+)-葡萄糖吡喃糖苷、11-溴-1-十一烷基-D-(+)-甘露糖吡喃糖苷、11-溴-1-十一烷基-D-(+)-果糖吡喃糖苷、11-溴-1-十一烷基-D-(+)核糖呋喃糖苷、11-溴-1-十一烷基-D-(+)-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷。
5.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,可溶性金属盐选自氟化锂、氯化锂、溴化锂、碘化锂、硝酸锂、硫酸锂、碳酸锂、四氟硼酸锂、六氟磷酸锂或双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺锂。
6.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,离子液体前驱体和溴糖的摩尔比为1:1.5~3。
7.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,反应时间为3~5天。
8.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,干燥温度为80℃,干燥时间为24小时。
9.一种杀菌剂,其特征在于,活性成分包括权利要求1所述的含糖聚离子液体。
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