CN113575845A - Hericium erinaceus selenium-rich instant cereal powder and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Hericium erinaceus selenium-rich instant cereal powder and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113575845A CN113575845A CN202110900268.0A CN202110900268A CN113575845A CN 113575845 A CN113575845 A CN 113575845A CN 202110900268 A CN202110900268 A CN 202110900268A CN 113575845 A CN113575845 A CN 113575845A
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- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 240000000588 Hericium erinaceus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 235000007328 Hericium erinaceus Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N Riboflavin Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-Lyxoflavin Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- FTSSQIKWUOOEGC-RULYVFMPSA-N fructooligosaccharide Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@](CO)(OC[C@@]2(OC[C@@]3(OC[C@@]4(OC[C@@]5(OC[C@@]6(OC[C@@]7(OC[C@@]8(OC[C@@]9(OC[C@@]%10(OC[C@@]%11(O[C@H]%12O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%12O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]%11O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]%10O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]9O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]8O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]7O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]6O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]5O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O FTSSQIKWUOOEGC-RULYVFMPSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 235000019192 riboflavin Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002151 riboflavin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229960002477 riboflavin Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000020183 skimmed milk Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M sodium ascorbate Substances [Na+].OC[C@@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RKJRWTFHSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000010378 sodium ascorbate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229960005055 sodium ascorbate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M sodium-L-ascorbate Chemical compound [Na+].OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1[O-] PPASLZSBLFJQEF-RXSVEWSESA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.[Cl-].CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229960000344 thiamine hydrochloride Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 235000019190 thiamine hydrochloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 21
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 21
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000007319 Avena orientalis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 244000077995 Coix lacryma jobi Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 108090000526 Papain Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 108010059820 Polygalacturonase Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000021329 brown rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
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- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 108010093305 exopolygalacturonase Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940055729 papain Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
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- 238000009777 vacuum freeze-drying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000011649 selenium Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 238000004108 freeze drying Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000020985 whole grains Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019752 Wheat Middilings Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 241000209763 Avena sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007558 Avena sp Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011362 coarse particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000004213 low-fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
- A23L7/104—Fermentation of farinaceous cereal or cereal material; Addition of enzymes or microorganisms
- A23L7/107—Addition or treatment with enzymes not combined with fermentation with microorganisms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L31/00—Edible extracts or preparations of fungi; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/14—Yeasts or derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L7/00—Cereal-derived products; Malt products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L7/10—Cereal-derived products
- A23L7/161—Puffed cereals, e.g. popcorn or puffed rice
- A23L7/174—Preparation of puffed cereals from wholegrain or grain pieces without preparation of meal or dough
- A23L7/183—Preparation of puffed cereals from wholegrain or grain pieces without preparation of meal or dough by heating without using a pressure release device
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Abstract
The invention discloses hericium erinaceus selenium-rich instant cereal powder and a preparation method thereof, wherein the hericium erinaceus selenium-rich instant cereal powder is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 70-80g of fresh grains, 5-8g of hericium erinaceus, 3-5g of skim milk powder, 2-4g of selenium-enriched yeast, 1-2g of dried orange peel, 1-3g of fructo-oligosaccharide, 400mg of calcium carbonate, 30-50mg of sodium ascorbate, 0.3-0.6mg of riboflavin, 0.3-0.6mg of thiamine hydrochloride and 1-3mg of sodium pyrophosphate. The invention scientifically matches raw materials such as grains, hericium erinaceus, selenium-rich components and the like, is rich in carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins and mineral substances required by human bodies, has positive promotion effect on the supplement of human nutrition, is suitable for large-scale mechanical production in factories, is in a powder form which is easy to store and transport, is easy to eat, can be simply brewed or matched with cooking, accords with the fast-paced life pattern of modern people, and has wider market adaptation range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of food processing, and particularly relates to hericium erinaceus selenium-rich instant cereal powder and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The cereal powder is edible part of wheat, corn, rice, oat, barley, beans, etc. Whole grain flour consists of three parts, namely, the cortex, the endosperm and the germ, and refined grains are usually ground to remove the cortex and the germ during processing to obtain bran and wheat middling. Bran is the rough outer layer of whole grains, contains a large amount of minerals and cellulose, unsaturated fatty acids, B vitamins, antioxidants, phytonutrients and other active ingredients in the grains, and has a non-negligible nutritional effect. The wheat middling contains a large amount of protein, but the ductility and viscoelasticity of the protein are poor, and if the finely divided protein can be modified and then applied, the protein content of the product can be improved, and the application value of the whole grain flour is increased. In addition, the whole grain food has certain health care function due to high dietary fiber, low fat, low saturated fatty acid, low cholesterol and low calorie.
Most of the grain foods on the market at present are provided as a tonic or a general food by extracting and separating functional components of natural materials to concentrate them. The extraction and separation of natural materials partially utilize the components artificially, and are effective for the use in medical treatment and the like or the case where it is necessary to control the intake of other natural components, but when the natural materials are taken as general foods, many disadvantages occur, such as the destruction of the excellent compositional balance of the natural components, the concentration and accumulation of unnecessary harmful substances, and the large amount of waste which is not utilized as a byproduct. Meanwhile, a disadvantage that the production cost becomes high is easily generated.
It has long been used for food to crush cereal, but in the general practice, the cereal flour has many coarse particles, affects the taste, and has many limitations on providing excellent taste and appearance, so how to find the best balance point between the taste and nutrition and safety and obtain high economic and social benefits becomes the key point of research and exploration.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to make up the defects of the prior art and provides hericium erinaceus selenium-rich instant cereal powder and a preparation method thereof.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the hericium erinaceus selenium-rich instant cereal powder is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 70-80g of fresh grains, 5-8g of hericium erinaceus, 3-5g of skim milk powder, 2-4g of selenium-enriched yeast, 1-2g of dried orange peel, 1-3g of fructo-oligosaccharide, 400mg of calcium carbonate, 30-50mg of sodium ascorbate, 0.3-0.6mg of riboflavin, 0.3-0.6mg of thiamine hydrochloride and 1-3mg of sodium pyrophosphate.
Preferably, the hericium erinaceus selenium-rich instant cereal powder is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 75g of fresh grains, 6.5g of hericium erinaceus, 4g of skim milk powder, 3g of selenium-enriched yeast, 1.5g of dried orange peel, 1.5g of fructo-oligosaccharide, 350mg of calcium carbonate, 40mg of sodium ascorbate, 2mg of sodium pyrophosphate, 0.5mg of riboflavin and 0.5mg of thiamine hydrochloride.
Further, the fresh grains are prepared from oat, brown rice, highland barley, coix seed and soybean according to the mass ratio (35-40): (16-24): (10-15): (8-10): (4-8) mixing.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the hericium erinaceus selenium-rich instant cereal powder, which comprises the following steps:
(1) drying Hericium erinaceus and pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, and grinding into fine powder;
(2) feeding the fresh grains into a fluidized bed for high-temperature fluidization treatment;
(3) adding the fluidized grains into water with the mass of 4-6 times, stirring uniformly, adding citric acid to adjust the pH value to be slightly acidic, adding compound enzyme for enzymolysis, performing water bath enzyme deactivation and filtering water to obtain wet grains for later use;
(4) feeding the wet grain materials into a steam explosion cylinder, introducing high-temperature saturated steam, performing gas explosion treatment, and collecting the obtained grain materials for later use;
(5) and (4) adding excessive water into the grain material obtained in the step (4), soaking for one night, cleaning, removing impurities and peels, filtering out water containing impurities, mixing the impurities with the fine powder of hericium erinaceus, the fine powder of dried orange peel, the skim milk powder, the selenium-enriched yeast, the fructo-oligosaccharide, the calcium carbonate, the sodium ascorbate, the riboflavin, the thiamine hydrochloride and the sodium pyrophosphate, adding a small amount of clear water, grinding, pulping, and drying to obtain the instant grain powder.
Further, the temperature of the fluidization treatment in the step 2 is controlled to be 200-240 ℃, and the time is 50-60 seconds.
Further, the compound enzyme in the step 3 is prepared from cellulase, pectinase and papain in a mass ratio of 2: 1: 1 and performing enzymolysis at 50-60 ℃ for 30-60 minutes.
Further, in the step 4, the gas explosion pressure is controlled to be 0.85MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 105 seconds.
Furthermore, in the step 4, the pneumatic valve is opened to release pressure when the gas explosion treatment is finished for 2-3 seconds.
Further, the drying process after pulping in the step 5 can use vacuum freeze drying.
The invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention scientifically matches the raw materials such as grains, hericium erinaceus, selenium-rich components and the like, is rich in carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins and mineral substances required by human bodies, and has positive promotion effect on the supplement of human nutrition.
2. Aiming at grain materials, in the conventional steam explosion production, the fluidizing step after air explosion is preposed, the aim of drying is different from the conventional fluidizing, the preposed fluidizing is fluidized under specific conditions, a large amount of water in the grains can be evaporated to form pores to destroy a compact structure, the pores can become diffusion channels for subsequent enzymolysis, the enzymolysis liquid can more easily react with the inside, the wood components such as cellulose and the like influencing the edible taste are reduced, the fluidity and the reconstitution performance of the grain powder are improved, and the edible quality of the product is obviously improved.
3. The method adopts the air explosion treatment of the wet grain material after enzymolysis to replace the conventional air explosion mode of dry grain materials, can utilize the characteristic of more water content in the wet grain material under the control of air explosion conditions, and then fully swell by external high-temperature high-pressure steam, has more uniform pressure, causes cell rupture through the instant release of the pressure, ensures that the integral mechanical fracture and structural rearrangement of the grain are more balanced, and reduces the edible granular sensation of the finished product.
4. The production process is suitable for large-scale mechanical production in factories, the obtained product is powder which is easy to store and transport, is easy to eat, can be simply brewed or matched with steaming and boiling, accords with the fast-paced life mode of modern people, and has wider market adaptation range.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the specific examples as follows:
example 1
The hericium erinaceus selenium-rich instant cereal powder is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 75g of fresh grains, 6.5g of hericium erinaceus, 4g of skim milk powder, 3g of selenium-enriched yeast, 1.5g of dried orange peel, 1.5g of fructo-oligosaccharide, 350mg of calcium carbonate, 40mg of sodium ascorbate, 2mg of sodium pyrophosphate, 0.5mg of riboflavin and 0.5mg of thiamine hydrochloride.
The fresh cereal is prepared from oat, brown rice, highland barley, coix seed and soybean according to a mass ratio of 38: 20: 13: 9: 4, mixing the components.
The preparation method of the hericium erinaceus selenium-rich instant cereal powder comprises the following steps:
(1) drying Hericium erinaceus and pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, and grinding into fine powder;
(2) feeding the fresh grains into a fluidized bed, and carrying out high-temperature fluidization treatment at 220 ℃ for 55 seconds;
(3) adding the fluidized grains into water with the mass of 5 times, stirring uniformly, adding citric acid to adjust the pH value to be slightly acidic, adding a compound enzyme into the mixture for enzymolysis at 55 ℃ for 45 minutes, and performing water bath enzyme deactivation and water filtration to obtain wet grains for later use, wherein the compound enzyme is prepared from cellulase, pectinase and papain in a mass ratio of 2: 1: 1, preparing;
(4) feeding the wet cereal material into a steam explosion cylinder, introducing high-temperature saturated steam, performing gas explosion treatment, controlling the pressure to be 0.85MPa during the gas explosion, maintaining the pressure for 105 seconds, opening a pneumatic valve to release the pressure 2.5 seconds after the gas explosion is finished, and collecting the obtained cereal material for later use;
(5) and (4) adding excessive water into the grain material obtained in the step (4), soaking for one night, cleaning, removing impurities and peels, filtering out water containing impurities, mixing the impurities with the fine powder of hericium erinaceus, the fine powder of dried orange peel, the skim milk powder, the selenium-enriched yeast, the fructo-oligosaccharide, the calcium carbonate, the sodium ascorbate, the riboflavin, the thiamine hydrochloride and the sodium pyrophosphate, adding a small amount of clear water, grinding and pulping, and drying or freeze-drying in vacuum to obtain the instant grain powder.
Example 2
The hericium erinaceus selenium-rich instant cereal powder is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 70g of fresh grains, 5g of hericium erinaceus, 3g of skim milk powder, 2g of selenium-enriched yeast, 1g of dried orange peel, 1g of fructo-oligosaccharide, 300mg of calcium carbonate, 30mg of sodium ascorbate, 0.3mg of riboflavin, 0.3mg of thiamine hydrochloride and 1mg of sodium pyrophosphate.
The fresh cereal is prepared from oat, brown rice, highland barley, coix seed and soybean according to a mass ratio of 35: 16: 10: 8: 4, mixing the components.
The preparation method of the hericium erinaceus selenium-rich instant cereal powder comprises the following steps:
(1) drying Hericium erinaceus and pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, and grinding into fine powder;
(2) feeding fresh grains into a fluidized bed, and carrying out high-temperature fluidization treatment at 200 ℃ for 60 seconds;
(3) adding the fluidized grains into 4 times of water by mass, stirring uniformly, adding citric acid to adjust the pH value to be slightly acidic, adding a compound enzyme into the mixture for enzymolysis at 50 ℃ for 60 minutes, and performing water bath enzyme deactivation and water filtration to obtain wet grains for later use, wherein the compound enzyme is prepared from cellulase, pectinase and papain in a mass ratio of 2: 1: 1, preparing;
(4) feeding the wet cereal material into a steam explosion cylinder, introducing high-temperature saturated steam, performing gas explosion treatment, controlling the pressure to be 0.85MPa during the gas explosion, maintaining the pressure for 105 seconds, opening a pneumatic valve to release the pressure 2 seconds after the gas explosion is finished, and collecting the obtained cereal material for later use;
(5) and (4) adding excessive water into the grain material obtained in the step (4), soaking for one night, cleaning, removing impurities and peels, filtering out water containing impurities, mixing the impurities with the fine powder of hericium erinaceus, the fine powder of dried orange peel, the skim milk powder, the selenium-enriched yeast, the fructo-oligosaccharide, the calcium carbonate, the sodium ascorbate, the riboflavin, the thiamine hydrochloride and the sodium pyrophosphate, adding a small amount of clear water, grinding and pulping, and drying or freeze-drying in vacuum to obtain the instant grain powder.
Example 3
The hericium erinaceus selenium-rich instant cereal powder is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 80g of fresh grains, 8g of hericium erinaceus, 5g of skim milk powder, 4g of selenium-enriched yeast, 2g of dried orange peel, 3g of fructo-oligosaccharide, 400mg of calcium carbonate, 50mg of sodium ascorbate, 0.6mg of riboflavin, 0.6mg of thiamine hydrochloride and 3mg of sodium pyrophosphate.
The fresh cereal is prepared from oat, brown rice, highland barley, coix seed and soybean according to a mass ratio of 40: 24: 15: 10: 8, mixing the components.
The preparation method of the hericium erinaceus selenium-rich instant cereal powder comprises the following steps:
(1) drying Hericium erinaceus and pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, and grinding into fine powder;
(2) feeding the fresh grains into a fluidized bed, and carrying out high-temperature fluidization treatment at 240 ℃ for 50 seconds;
(3) adding the fluidized grains into 6 times of mass of water, stirring uniformly, adding citric acid to adjust the pH value to be slightly acidic, adding a compound enzyme into the mixture for enzymolysis at 60 ℃ for 30 minutes, performing water bath enzyme deactivation after the enzymolysis is finished, and filtering water to obtain wet grains for later use, wherein the compound enzyme is prepared from cellulase, pectinase and papain in a mass ratio of 2: 1: 1, preparing;
(4) feeding the wet cereal material into a steam explosion cylinder, introducing high-temperature saturated steam, performing gas explosion treatment, controlling the pressure to be 0.85MPa during the gas explosion, maintaining the pressure for 105 seconds, opening a pneumatic valve to release the pressure when the gas explosion is finished for 3 seconds, and collecting the obtained cereal material for later use;
(5) and (4) adding excessive water into the grain material obtained in the step (4), soaking for one night, cleaning, removing impurities and peels, filtering out water containing impurities, mixing the impurities with the fine powder of hericium erinaceus, the fine powder of dried orange peel, the skim milk powder, the selenium-enriched yeast, the fructo-oligosaccharide, the calcium carbonate, the sodium ascorbate, the riboflavin, the thiamine hydrochloride and the sodium pyrophosphate, adding a small amount of clear water, grinding and pulping, and drying or freeze-drying in vacuum to obtain the instant grain powder.
Comparative example 1
Compared with the embodiment 1, the fluidization process is eliminated in the preparation process, and other steps are the same, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
the hericium erinaceus selenium-rich instant cereal powder is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 75g of fresh grains, 6.5g of hericium erinaceus, 4g of skim milk powder, 3g of selenium-enriched yeast, 1.5g of dried orange peel, 1.5g of fructo-oligosaccharide, 350mg of calcium carbonate, 40mg of sodium ascorbate, 2mg of sodium pyrophosphate, 0.5mg of riboflavin and 0.5mg of thiamine hydrochloride.
The fresh cereal is prepared from oat, brown rice, highland barley, coix seed and soybean according to a mass ratio of 38: 20: 13: 9: 4, mixing the components.
The preparation method of the hericium erinaceus selenium-rich instant cereal powder comprises the following steps:
(1) drying Hericium erinaceus and pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, and grinding into fine powder;
(2) adding fresh grains into water 5 times the mass of the grains, stirring uniformly, adding citric acid to adjust the pH value to be slightly acidic, adding a compound enzyme into the mixture, performing enzymolysis for 45 minutes at 55 ℃, performing water bath enzyme deactivation and filtering water to obtain wet grains for later use, wherein the compound enzyme is prepared from cellulase, pectinase and papain in a mass ratio of 2: 1: 1, preparing;
(3) feeding the wet cereal material into a steam explosion cylinder, introducing high-temperature saturated steam, performing gas explosion treatment, controlling the pressure to be 0.85MPa during the gas explosion, maintaining the pressure for 105 seconds, opening a pneumatic valve to release the pressure 2.5 seconds after the gas explosion is finished, and collecting the obtained cereal material for later use;
(4) and (4) adding excessive water into the grain material obtained in the step (4), soaking for one night, cleaning, removing impurities and peels, filtering out water containing impurities, mixing the impurities with the fine powder of hericium erinaceus, the fine powder of dried orange peel, the skim milk powder, the selenium-enriched yeast, the fructo-oligosaccharide, the calcium carbonate, the sodium ascorbate, the riboflavin, the thiamine hydrochloride and the sodium pyrophosphate, adding a small amount of clear water, grinding and pulping, and drying or freeze-drying in vacuum to obtain the instant grain powder.
Comparative example 2
Compared with the embodiment 1, the dry material is used in the gas explosion process in the preparation process, and other steps are the same, and specifically the following steps are carried out:
the hericium erinaceus selenium-rich instant cereal powder is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 75g of fresh grains, 6.5g of hericium erinaceus, 4g of skim milk powder, 3g of selenium-enriched yeast, 1.5g of dried orange peel, 1.5g of fructo-oligosaccharide, 350mg of calcium carbonate, 40mg of sodium ascorbate, 2mg of sodium pyrophosphate, 0.5mg of riboflavin and 0.5mg of thiamine hydrochloride.
The fresh cereal is prepared from oat, brown rice, highland barley, coix seed and soybean according to a mass ratio of 38: 20: 13: 9: 4, mixing the components.
The preparation method of the hericium erinaceus selenium-rich instant cereal powder comprises the following steps:
(1) drying Hericium erinaceus and pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, and grinding into fine powder;
(2) feeding the fresh grains into a fluidized bed, and carrying out high-temperature fluidization treatment at 220 ℃ for 55 seconds;
(3) adding the fluidized grains into water with the mass of 5 times, stirring uniformly, adding citric acid to adjust the pH value to be slightly acidic, adding a compound enzyme into the mixture for enzymolysis at 55 ℃ for 45 minutes, performing water bath enzyme deactivation after the enzymolysis is finished, filtering water and drying to obtain dry grains for later use, wherein the compound enzyme is prepared from cellulose, pectinase and papain in a mass ratio of 2: 1: 1, preparing;
(4) feeding the dry grain materials into a steam explosion cylinder, introducing high-temperature saturated steam, then carrying out gas explosion treatment, controlling the pressure to be 0.85MPa during gas explosion, keeping the pressure for 105 seconds, opening a pneumatic valve to release pressure when the gas explosion is finished for 2.5 seconds, and collecting the obtained grain materials for later use;
(5) and (4) adding excessive water into the grain material obtained in the step (4), soaking for one night, cleaning, removing impurities and peels, filtering out water containing impurities, mixing the impurities with the fine powder of hericium erinaceus, the fine powder of dried orange peel, the skim milk powder, the selenium-enriched yeast, the fructo-oligosaccharide, the calcium carbonate, the sodium ascorbate, the riboflavin, the thiamine hydrochloride and the sodium pyrophosphate, adding a small amount of clear water, grinding and pulping, and drying or freeze-drying in vacuum to obtain the instant grain powder.
The products obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 and 2 were tested:
1. fluidity, reconstitution, viscosity, hygroscopicity of the cereal flour test:
a. fluidity: fixing the funnel on the desktop, putting a glass board on the desktop, making the funnel keep perpendicular, funnel tail end apart from glass board vertical distance 2cm, add the powder sample through glass funnel slowly, make its vertical flow to the glass flat board on, the powder that flows down forms the cone on the glass flat board, until the tip of the powder cone contacts the funnel end opening, survey cone bottom surface radius be r, calculate the angle of repose according to following formula:
θ/°＝arctan(2/r)
b. the reconstitution property: placing a beaker filled with 100mL of 50 ℃ distilled water on a magnetic stirrer, keeping the rotating speed at 500r/min, accurately weighing 1.0g of sample, rapidly and uniformly dispersing the sample in water, and recording the time required for the sample to be completely dispersed in the water.
c. Viscosity: weighing 10g of sample, placing the sample in a beaker, dissolving the sample in 150mL of distilled water at 50 ℃, uniformly stirring until the sample is completely dissolved and dispersed, cooling to room temperature, and measuring the viscosity by using a digital display viscometer.
d. Moisture absorption: placing 5mL of saturated salt solution in an outer chamber of a Kanwei micro-diffusion vessel, placing 0.5g of sample in a glass vessel (the sample and the glass vessel are dried to constant weight), precisely weighing the sample, placing the sample in an inner chamber of the Kanwei micro-diffusion vessel, covering a vessel cover, placing the sample at a constant temperature of 25 ℃ for 72 hours, precisely weighing the mass of the sample, and calculating the moisture absorption rate according to the following formula: and drawing a moisture absorption curve and calculating a CRH value by taking an aW value of each standard saturated salt solution at 25 ℃ as an abscissa and the moisture absorption rate as an ordinate.
The results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
2. Sensory evaluation of cereal flour:
selecting 10 specially trained personnel, evaluating 3 key indexes (taste, solubility and appearance) of the product, and obtaining results shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
According to the test results, compared with comparative examples 1 and 2, the brewing performance and the edible mouthfeel of the product obtained in the example are greatly improved.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The hericium erinaceus selenium-rich instant cereal powder is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 70-80g of fresh grains, 5-8g of hericium erinaceus, 3-5g of skim milk powder, 2-4g of selenium-enriched yeast, 1-2g of dried orange peel, 1-3g of fructo-oligosaccharide, 400mg of calcium carbonate, 30-50mg of sodium ascorbate, 0.3-0.6mg of riboflavin, 0.3-0.6mg of thiamine hydrochloride and 1-3mg of sodium pyrophosphate.
2. The hericium erinaceus selenium-rich instant cereal powder according to claim 1, which is prepared from the following raw materials in mass ratio: 75g of fresh grains, 6.5g of hericium erinaceus, 4g of skim milk powder, 3g of selenium-enriched yeast, 1.5g of dried orange peel, 1.5g of fructo-oligosaccharide, 350mg of calcium carbonate, 40mg of sodium ascorbate, 2mg of sodium pyrophosphate, 0.5mg of riboflavin and 0.5mg of thiamine hydrochloride.
3. The hericium erinaceus selenium-rich instant cereal powder according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the fresh cereal is prepared from oat, brown rice, highland barley, coix seed and soybean according to a mass ratio of (35-40): (16-24): (10-15): (8-10): (4-8) mixing.
4. The preparation method of hericium erinaceus selenium-rich instant cereal powder as defined in any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising the steps of:
(1) drying Hericium erinaceus and pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, and grinding into fine powder;
(2) feeding the fresh grains into a fluidized bed for high-temperature fluidization treatment;
(3) adding the fluidized grains into water with the mass of 4-6 times, stirring uniformly, adding citric acid to adjust the pH value to be slightly acidic, adding compound enzyme for enzymolysis, performing water bath enzyme deactivation and filtering water to obtain wet grains for later use;
(4) feeding the wet grain materials into a steam explosion cylinder, introducing high-temperature saturated steam, performing gas explosion treatment, and collecting the obtained grain materials for later use;
(5) and (4) adding excessive water into the grain material obtained in the step (4), soaking for one night, cleaning, removing impurities and peels, filtering out water containing impurities, mixing the impurities with the fine powder of hericium erinaceus, the fine powder of dried orange peel, the skim milk powder, the selenium-enriched yeast, the fructo-oligosaccharide, the calcium carbonate, the sodium ascorbate, the riboflavin, the thiamine hydrochloride and the sodium pyrophosphate, adding a small amount of clear water, grinding, pulping, and drying to obtain the instant grain powder.
5. The method for preparing hericium erinaceus selenium-rich instant cereal powder as claimed in claim 4, wherein the temperature of the fluidization treatment in the step 2 is controlled to be 200-240 ℃ for 50-60 seconds.
6. The preparation method of the hericium erinaceus selenium-rich instant cereal powder as claimed in claim 4, wherein the complex enzyme in the step 3 is prepared from cellulase, pectinase and papain in a mass ratio of 2: 1: 1 and performing enzymolysis at 50-60 ℃ for 30-60 minutes.
7. The method for preparing hericium erinaceus selenium-rich instant cereal powder according to claim 4, characterized in that the gas explosion pressure is controlled to 0.85MPa and the pressure holding time is 105 seconds in step 4.
8. The preparation method of the hericium erinaceus selenium-rich instant cereal powder as claimed in claim 4, wherein the pneumatic valve is opened to release the pressure when the air explosion treatment in step 4 is finished for 2-3 seconds.
9. The preparation method of the hericium erinaceus selenium-rich instant cereal powder as claimed in claim 4, wherein the drying process after pulping in the step 5 can use vacuum freeze drying.
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