CN113575773A - Composition for improving rumen fermentation of ruminants and use thereof - Google Patents
Composition for improving rumen fermentation of ruminants and use thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113575773A CN113575773A CN202110697834.2A CN202110697834A CN113575773A CN 113575773 A CN113575773 A CN 113575773A CN 202110697834 A CN202110697834 A CN 202110697834A CN 113575773 A CN113575773 A CN 113575773A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/22—Methane [CH4], e.g. from rice paddies
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Abstract
The present disclosure provides a composition for improving rumen fermentation in ruminants, its use in the preparation of a feed additive for improving rumen fermentation in ruminants, a feed additive comprising the composition, and a feed comprising the feed additive and a basal feed. The fumaric acid and the 3-nitropropanol can mutually act synergistically in the aspect of improving ruminant rumen fermentation, reduce the yield of methane, promote the metabolism of metabolic hydrogen generated due to the reduction of the yield of methane, reduce the accumulation of the metabolic hydrogen, and have a good effect of improving ruminant rumen methane emission. The method can inhibit rumen methane emission, minimize the loss of digestible energy in gas production in ruminants, enable the ruminants to obtain more energy and improve the utilization rate of feed. The application of the feed additive is verified to achieve a good effect of improving rumen fermentation of ruminants.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the technical field of feed formulas, in particular to a composition for improving ruminant rumen fermentation and application thereof.
Background
Rumination refers to eating and feeding food which is half digested in the stomach and then chewing again in the mouth, and a ruminant is an animal which has a ruminant digestion mode. The rumen is the first stomach of a ruminant. Ruminants generally eat food in a hurry, and particularly coarse feed is mostly swallowed into rumens without being chewed sufficiently, and after the rumens are soaked and softened for a period of time, the food returns to the oral cavity again through retching, and is chewed again, mixed with saliva again and swallowed into the rumens again. Rumen is the natural fermenter known to date to have the strongest capacity to degrade fibrous material, and rumen fermentation plays an important role in ruminant digestion.
However, the rumen fermentation of ruminants can generate a large amount of methane, which aggravates the global greenhouse effect and causes the waste of feed energy. The traditional method for improving the rumen fermentation of ruminants is not good enough in effect and not high enough in utilization rate of feed energy. Therefore, new solutions are needed.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE
In view of the above, the present disclosure aims to provide a composition for improving rumen fermentation of ruminants and use thereof.
In view of the above, the present disclosure provides a composition for improving ruminal fermentation in ruminants, the composition consisting of 3-nitropropanol and fumaric acid.
In some embodiments, the composition consists of the following parts by weight: 0.25-1 mg of 3-nitropropanol and 25-100 mg of fumaric acid.
In some embodiments, the composition consists of the following parts by weight: 0.4-0.85 mg of 3-nitropropanol and 40-85 mg of fumaric acid.
In some embodiments, the composition consists of the following parts by weight: 0.5mg of 3-nitropropanol and 50mg of fumaric acid.
In some embodiments, the ruminant is a dairy cow.
In some embodiments, the improving ruminal fermentation in ruminants is manifested by increasing production of propionic acid, decreasing production of methane and acetic acid.
The disclosed embodiments also provide for the use of a composition of any of the foregoing in the preparation of a feed additive for improving ruminal fermentation in a ruminant.
Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a feed additive comprising a composition as described in any of the preceding.
The embodiment of the disclosure also provides a feed, which comprises the feed additive and the basic feed, wherein the addition amount of fumaric acid in the basic feed is 50-200 mg/g dry matter; the addition amount of the 3-nitropropanol is 0.5-2 mg/g of dry matter.
In some embodiments, the basal feed comprises corn silage, alfalfa hay, steam corn flakes, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, beet pulp, soluble distillers grains, minerals, and vitamins.
3-Nitropropanol (3-NOP, 3-Nitropropanol) having CAS registry number 25182-84-7 and chemical formula C3H7NO3. Is a synthetic compound with a molecular structure similar to methyl coenzyme M, and can specifically inhibit rumen CH by targeting active site of methyl coenzyme M reductase (MCR)4Is generated. Inhibition of rumen CH by 3-NOP4Has great potential and application value in the aspect of emission, and researches prove that the 3-NOP has no biological toxicity and can continuously reduce CH without damaging the production performance and health of animals4Is generated.
Fumaric acid, fumaric acid or corynic acid, CAS number of 110-17-8, and chemical formula C4H4O4. Fumaric acid is a key precursor in the propionic acid production pathway of ruminants.
The research of the applicant finds that the fumaric acid can promote hydrogen which is not used for methane synthesis in ruminant rumen fermentation to be transferred to propionic acid production, so that metabolic hydrogen accumulated due to reduction of methane production is metabolized in a succinic acid pathway, accumulation of the metabolic hydrogen in rumen is reduced, and the improvement effect of 3-nitropropanol on ruminant rumen fermentation is improved. The fumaric acid and the 3-nitropropanol can mutually act synergistically in the aspect of improving ruminant rumen fermentation, reduce the yield of methane, promote the metabolism of metabolic hydrogen generated due to the reduction of the yield of methane, reduce the accumulation of the metabolic hydrogen, increase the total gas yield and have a good effect of improving ruminant rumen methane emission. The methane emission is inhibited, and simultaneously the loss of digestible energy in the gas production of ruminants is minimized, so that the ruminants obtain more energy, and the utilization rate of the feed is improved. The application of the feed additive is verified to achieve a good effect of improving rumen fermentation of ruminants.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure more apparent, the present disclosure is further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.
It is to be noted that technical terms or scientific terms used in the embodiments of the present disclosure should have a general meaning as understood by those having ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure belongs, unless otherwise defined.
Applicants have discovered in long-term ruminant greenhouse effect studies that 3-NOP, although effective in reducing CH in the rumen of a ruminant animal4But at the same time H in the rumen2The large increase in yield is also a non-negligible problem. Feeding daily CH of high producing cows in a total Mixed ration prepared by mixing 3-NOP into TMR (total Mixed ratios) at a dry matter of 60mg/kg4The discharge amount is reduced by 26 percent, H2The discharge amount is increased by 6 times. CH of control group not added with 3-NOP and treatment group added with 3-NOP4The difference in emissions was 162 g/day in mol, meaning about 40.7gH in the treatment group with 3-NOP added2Not for CH4Synthesis of (1mol CH44mol of H are required2). And H of treatment group to which 3-NOP was added2The average daily emission of (2) was 1.27 g. As can be seen, the treatment group with the addition of 3-NOP was not used for CH4The content of synthesized metabolic hydrogen is obviously higher than H2Average daily emission of (c).
Applicant believes that it is not used for CH4Synthetic metabolic hydrogen ([ H ]]) Not with the gas being expelled, but instead accumulates in the rumen in the liquid phase.In the rumen [ H ]]The accumulation of the microbial cell can inhibit the oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, so that the accumulation of reductive fermentation products such as lactic acid is caused, and the digestion of roughage and the growth and the propagation of beneficial microorganisms are hindered. Therefore, how to guarantee CH4Reduction in yield, and H2Can not accumulate, and is effective in improving rumen fermentation of ruminant and reducing CH4The yield is an important factor to be considered.
Applicants believe that hydrogen plays many important roles in the rumen, including the generation of CH4And propionate production. Fumaric acid is a key precursor in the propionic acid production pathway of ruminants. Whereas the succinate pathway is the major pathway for propionic acid production in the rumen.
The present disclosure relates to propionic acid-forming bacteria, such as lactic acid-producing bacteria (streptococcus bovis), lactic acid-utilizing bacteria (monospore selenate), fumaric acid-reducing bacteria (monocellular succinate), succinic acid-producing bacteria (cellulose succinate), and succinic acid-utilizing bacteria (monospore selenate), etc., capable of utilizing H, by selecting a combination of 3-nitropropanol and fumaric acid to transfer hydrogen, which is not used for methane synthesis in rumen fermentation of ruminants, to propionic acid production by fumaric acid2As electron donors for dicarboxylic acids, including fumarate, malate and aspartate, or by using H2The metabolites of the propionate-forming bacteria are reduced to propionate. The 3-nitropropanol and the fumaric acid are mutually cooperated to reduce the generation of methane, and the metabolic hydrogen accumulated due to the reduction of the generation of the methane is metabolized in a succinic acid pathway in the metabolic process of producing propionate which has nutritive value for ruminants, the accumulation of the metabolic hydrogen in rumen is reduced, the yield of propionic acid is increased, the methane emission in rumen is inhibited, the loss of digestible energy in gas production in ruminants is minimized, and the utilization rate of feed is improved. Reducing ruminant CH4The discharge effect and the utilization rate of the feed energy are better than those of the traditional method, the effect of improving ruminant rumen methane is better shown in application tests, the cost is low, the raw materials are easy to obtain, and the popularization and the application are easy.
Example 1
The composition in this example comprises the following by weight: 0.25mg of 3-nitropropanol and 25mg of fumaric acid.
Example 2
The composition in this example comprises the following by weight: 1mg of 3-nitropropanol and 100mg of fumaric acid.
Example 3
The composition in this example comprises the following by weight: 0.5mg of 3-nitropropanol and 50mg of fumaric acid.
Example 4
A basal feed TMR was prepared comprising corn silage, 18.59% alfalfa hay, 26.02% steam corn flakes, 7.43% soybean meal, 7.43% cottonseed meal, 5.58% beet meal, 7.43% soluble distillers grains, 1.86% minerals and vitamins.
Adding fumaric acid in an amount of 100mg/g dry matter; the addition amount of the 3-nitropropanol is 1mg/g of dry matter, and the 3-nitropropanol is mixed with basic feed.
Test examples
Materials:
3-Nitropropanol, available from Shanghai Yan Biotech Co., Ltd.
Fumaric acid, available from Hefeizheng biological products Co.
A Total Mixed Ration (TMR) made by self, which contains 25.65% corn silage, 18.59% alfalfa hay, 26.02% steam corn flakes, 7.43% bean pulp, 7.43% cottonseed meal, 5.58% beet pulp, 7.43% soluble distillers grains, 1.86% minerals and vitamins.
Buffer solution, self-made, containing 8.75g NaHCO per liter of buffer solution3，1.00gNH4HCO3，1.43g Na2HPO4，1.55gKH2PO4，0.15gMgSO4·7H2O，0.52gNa2S，0.017gCaCl·2H2O，0.015gMnCl2·4H2O，0.002g CoCl·6H2O，0.012gFeCl3·6H2O and 1.25mg resazurin.
Animals:
lactating holstein cows with rumen fistulas.
Environmental conditions:
the temperature is 22-24 ℃, and the humidity is 52-58%.
The method comprises the following steps:
the lactating Holstein cows with three head rumen fistulas were fed conventionally under experimental environmental conditions, and donor cows fed ad libitum. Rumen fluid was collected from three donor cattle approximately 2 hours after morning feeding and an equal volume was collected in a pre-heated vacuum flask.
Rumen fluid was filtered through two layers of gauze and then mixed with buffer solution (1:2v/v) to prepare an inoculum. With CO2The inoculum was washed continuously and stirring continued in a 39 ℃ water bath until in vitro culture was initiated. TMR fed to donor cows was dried at 55 ℃ for 48 hours and ground to pass through a 1mm sieve as fermentation substrate.
The fermentation substrates were set as 4 groups, control 1, control 2, control 3 and test group. In control 1, the amounts of 3-nitropropanol and fumaric acid added to the fermentation substrate obtained above were all 0. Control 2 was prepared by adding 1.0mg/g dry matter of fumaric acid to the fermentation substrate (i.e., 0.5mg added). Control 3 to the fermentation substrate obtained above was added 1.0mg/g dry matter of 3-nitropropanol (i.e. added at 0.5 mg). The test group added 1.0mg/g dry matter of fumaric acid (i.e., added at 0.5mg) and 1.0mg/g dry matter of 3-nitropropanol (i.e., added at 0.5mg) to the fermentation substrate obtained above.
0.5g of fermentation substrate of control 1, control 2, control 3 and test group were accurately weighed in each 120 ml serum bottle and CO was used275 ml of inoculum was injected with continuous flushing. The serum bottle was closed with a butyl rubber stopper and a crimped aluminum seal. The balloon was evacuated and connected to each serum bottle to collect gas during the incubation process. All serum bottles were transferred to a fermenter and incubated in vitro with horizontal shaking at 60 rpm for 24 hours at 39 ℃. After 24 hours in vitro culture, all serum bottles were placed in ice water to terminate fermentation, and samples were collected for analysis.
In vitro cultures were repeated on 3 different days for a total of 3 experiments, with 4 replicates per treatment per experiment (i.e. 4 replicates for control 1, control 2, control 3 and test groups, respectively), and a blank was set. Blank control no fermentation substrate in serum bottle only 75 ml inoculum was added for analyte correction in each experiment. That is, each experiment included 20 samples, 4 treatment x 4 replicates and 4 inoculum only blanks.
The test results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Effect of compositions on rumen fermentation of ruminants
As a result:
pH: when fumaric acid was added (i.e., control 2) compared to control 1, the pH decreased from 6.60 to 6.57; 3-NOP (i.e., control 3) was added, pH was raised from 6.60 to 6.61; however, with the addition of 3-NOP + fumaric acid (i.e., test group), the pH decreased from 6.60 to 6.57.
Total gas yield (GP): compared with the control group 1, the total gas production rate is increased from 140.7ml to 153.5 by adding fumaric acid (namely, the control group 2); 3-NOP (i.e., control 3) was added, GP decreased from 140.7ml to 136.1 ml; whereas with the addition of 3-NOP + fumaric acid (i.e., test group), GP increased from 140.7ml to 152.1 ml.
CH4Yield: compared with the control group 1, the CH4 yield is reduced from 9.58ml to 8.69ml (9.29%) by adding fumaric acid (namely, the control group 2); addition of 3-NOP (i.e., control 3), CH4Yield decreased from 9.58ml to 8.65ml (9.71%); 3-NOP + fumaric acid (i.e., test group) CH was added4The yield was further reduced to 8.48ml (11.48%).
Total volatile acid concentration: compared with the control group 1, the total volatile acid concentration is reduced from 102.07mmol/L to 105.12mmol/L by adding fumaric acid (namely the control group 2); 3-NOP (namely a control group 3) is added, and the total volatile acid concentration is reduced from 102.07mmol/L to 99.74 mmol/L; however, when 3-NOP + fumaric acid (i.e. experimental group) was added, the total volatile acid concentration increased from 102.07mmol/L to 104.61 mmol/L.
Yield and ratio of acetic acid: compared with the control group 1, the yield of the acetic acid is reduced from 65.20mmol/L to 64.99mmol/L and the proportion of the acetic acid in the total volatile acid is reduced from 63.89% to 61.86% by adding the fumaric acid (namely the control group 2); when 3-NOP (namely the control group 3) is added, the yield of the acetic acid is reduced from 65.20mmol/L to 63.67mmol/L, and the proportion of the acetic acid in the total volatile acid is reduced from 63.89% to 63.84%; when 3-NOP + fumaric acid (namely a test group) is added, the yield of the acetic acid is reduced from 65.20mmol/L to 64.34mmol/L, and the proportion of the acetic acid in the total volatile acid is reduced from 63.89% to 61.51%.
The yield and the proportion of propionic acid are as follows: compared with the control group 1, the yield of the propionic acid is increased from 19.67mmol/L to 24.03mmol/L by adding the fumaric acid (namely the control group 2), and the proportion of the propionic acid in the total volatile acid is increased from 19.31 percent to 22.86 percent; when 3-NOP (namely the control group 3) is added, the yield of the propionic acid is increased from 19.67mmol/L to 19.89mmol/L, and the proportion of the propionic acid in the total volatile acid is increased from 19.31 percent to 19.95 percent; when 3-NOP + fumaric acid (namely a test group) is added, the yield of propionic acid is increased from 19.67mmol/L to 24.45mmol/L, and the proportion of the propionic acid in the total volatile acid is increased from 19.31 percent to 23.38 percent.
Acetic acid/propionic acid ratio: compared with the control group 1, the acetic acid/propionic acid ratio is reduced from 3.32 to 2.71 by adding fumaric acid (namely, the control group 2); the acetic acid/propionic acid ratio decreased from 3.32 to 3.20 with the addition of 3-NOP (i.e., control 3), and further decreased to 2.63 with the addition of 3-NOP + fumaric acid (i.e., test).
It can be seen that the combined addition of 3-NOP and fumaric acid decreased the pH of the in vitro fermentation samples, increased the total volatile acid concentration, and resulted in a greater reduction in acetic acid production, a greater increase in propionic acid production, and a more pronounced decrease in the acetic acid/propionic acid ratio than the 3-NOP alone. The combined addition of 3-NOP and fumaric acid significantly altered the type of rumen fermentation allowing more reducing substances to flow to propionic acid production and promoting rumen fermentation. The total gas yield was increased to some extent due to the enhanced rumen fermentation, but CH4The yield is not increased but reduced by 11.48%. The 3-NOP and the fumaric acid have synergistic effect on regulating rumen propionic acid and methane generation of ruminants.
Therefore, the experimental group of the present disclosure can reduce the production of methane and acetic acid and increase the production of propionic acid. The effect of the test group is obviously better than that of the control group 1, the control group 2 and the control group 3.
The results show that: the composition comprising 3-nitropropanol and fumaric acid of the present disclosure can change the fermentation type of rumen, significantly improve the production of propionic acid while significantly reducing the production of acetic acid, reducing the production of methane. And the effect on the reduction of the methane yield and the increase of the propionic acid yield is more obvious compared with the effect of independently adding 3-nitropropanol and independently adding vitamins, and the method is worthy of popularization.
Those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the discussion of any embodiment above is meant to be exemplary only, and is not intended to intimate that the scope of the disclosure, including the claims, is limited to these examples; within the idea of the present disclosure, features in the above embodiments or in different embodiments may also be combined, steps may be implemented in any order, and there are many other variations of the different aspects of the present disclosure as described above, which are not provided in detail for the sake of brevity.
The embodiments of the present disclosure are intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variances that fall within the broad scope of the appended claims. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalents, improvements, and the like that may be made within the spirit and principles of the disclosure are intended to be included within the scope of the disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A composition for improving ruminal fermentation in ruminants, wherein the composition consists of 3-nitropropanol and fumaric acid.
2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of the following parts by weight: 0.25-1 mg of 3-nitropropanol and 25-100 mg of fumaric acid.
3. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of the following parts by weight: 0.4-0.85 mg of 3-nitropropanol and 40-85 mg of fumaric acid.
4. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of the following parts by weight: 0.5mg of 3-nitropropanol and 50mg of fumaric acid.
5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the ruminant is a dairy cow.
6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the improvement in ruminal fermentation in ruminants is manifested by an increase in production of propionic acid, and a decrease in production of methane and acetic acid.
7. Use of a composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6 in the preparation of a feed additive for improving ruminal fermentation in ruminants.
8. A feed additive comprising the composition of any one of claims 1 to 6.
9. A feed comprising the feed additive of claim 8 and a basal feed, wherein fumaric acid is added to the basal feed in an amount of 50-200 mg/g dry matter; the addition amount of the 3-nitropropanol is 0.5-2 mg/g of dry matter.
10. The feed of claim 9, wherein the basal feed comprises corn silage, alfalfa hay, steam corn flakes, soybean meal, cottonseed meal, beet meal, distillers soluble grains, minerals, and vitamins.
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Cited By (1)
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