CN113565564A - Open pit and full-collapse goaf layered backfill dynamic compaction treatment method - Google Patents
Open pit and full-collapse goaf layered backfill dynamic compaction treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113565564A CN113565564A CN202011130129.6A CN202011130129A CN113565564A CN 113565564 A CN113565564 A CN 113565564A CN 202011130129 A CN202011130129 A CN 202011130129A CN 113565564 A CN113565564 A CN 113565564A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/06—Filling-up mechanically
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C47/00—Machines for obtaining or the removal of materials in open-pit mines
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/005—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling material
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of geological disaster treatment, and particularly relates to a layered backfill dynamic compaction treatment method for open pit and full-subsidence goaf. Comprises the following steps. S100, performing surface soil removal, pit wall step excavation regulation and pit bottom dynamic compaction treatment on the open-pit mining pit and the fully-collapsed goaf. And S200, carrying out layered backfilling and layered dynamic compaction, and backfilling layer by layer and reinforcing a mining pit and a full-collapse goaf by dynamic compaction to form a flat ground for the building. S300, water-resisting treatment of the surface layer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of geological disaster treatment, and particularly relates to a layered backfill dynamic compaction treatment method for open pit and full-subsidence goaf.
Background
The treatment method for the open pit mining can be divided into two directions at present: the open pit for large-scale or ultra-large-scale standard mining mainly adopts the steps that slag excavated in the next pit is backfilled in the last pit due to the large mining area and the ordered mining, and the backfilling mode adopts throwing filling. The field formed by backfilling can not be used as an industrial land or a building land, and a treatment method of recovering vegetation and reclaiming the vegetation into forests is usually adopted; the other type is the original small and medium-sized non-standard mining open pit, most pits have steep deep walls, difficult vegetation recovery and high greening cost, deep valleys are abandoned, the governing principle of who mines and is responsible for is mostly adopted for governing the mine environment, and small and medium-sized open pit mining enterprises mostly belong to the small-sized mine enterprises in the last century and are formed in the non-evidence mining stage, and effective governing is not carried out.
For the treatment technology of the total collapse goaf, the current treatment technology can be divided into two directions: one is the region of the rare earth in the mining area, and most of the regions are subjected to in-situ greening treatment; a large number of whole-village relocation technologies are adopted for areas with frequent human activities, and an effective treatment and utilization technology is not formed at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a layered backfill dynamic compaction construction method for open pit and full-collapse goaf.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: a layered backfill dynamic compaction construction method for open pit mining and full-collapse goaf comprises the following steps.
S100, performing surface soil removal, pit wall step excavation regulation and pit bottom dynamic compaction treatment on the open pit and the fully collapsed goaf;
s200, carrying out layered backfilling and layered dynamic compaction, and backfilling layer by layer and reinforcing a mining pit and a full-collapse goaf by dynamic compaction to form a flat ground for the building;
s300, water-resisting treatment of the surface layer.
The step S100 includes a method of,
s101, surface soil treatment: and (3) cleaning the grown plants, plant roots and plant soil formed by growth in the long-term exposure process of the mining pit and the full-subsidence goaf, and cleaning by adopting an excavator, wherein the cleaning depth is 20-30 cm.
S102 pit wall treatment: after the top soil is cleaned, carrying out pit wall treatment, namely carrying out step-shaped renovation on the walls of the mining pits and the fully collapsed goafs; when the slope of the pit wall is less than 1:5, the pit wall is not steep, and steps do not need to be renovated; when the slope of the pit wall is greater than 1:5, step renovation is required; the step is refitted along the height of the original slope, height and layered paving thickness; when the slope of the pit wall is greater than 1: and when 0.5 hour, carrying out pit wall renovation before backfilling each layer of backfill soil, carrying out the height of the pit wall renovation to be equal to the layering thickness of dynamic compaction reinforcement, and carrying out the dynamic compaction reinforcement with the same energy level synchronously with the backfill soil layer.
S103, pit bottom treatment: if the thickness of the loose soil is more than 15m, firstly digging the loose soil by using an excavator until the thickness of the loose soil is less than 15 m; and if the thickness of the loose soil is less than or equal to 15m, directly carrying out dynamic compaction treatment.
In step S103, when the thickness of the loose soil is less than or equal to 15m, a dynamic compaction processing mode is adopted, and the dynamic compaction energy level is selected as follows:
and (4) adopting the selected dynamic compaction energy level to reinforce the pit bottom.
The step S200 includes a method of,
s201, selecting backfill materials according to the soil and stone materials which are most distributed in the mining pit and the fully-collapsed goaf;
s202, selecting proper dynamic compaction equipment and dynamic compaction energy level according to the mining pit, the depth of the full-collapse goaf, the construction road building condition and the filling material characteristics.
S203, before backfilling, drawing a dynamic compaction energy level, and determining the layered filling thickness according to the selected dynamic compaction energy level; the dynamic compaction energy level is 4000 kN.m-6000 kN.m, and the layering thickness is selected according to the following table:
s204, according to the determined backfill layering thickness, performing layered stacking, feeding and paving according to the thickness of 0.5-1m, and feeding and paving layer by layer until the backfill is layered to the layering thickness; in arid areas, water is synchronously sprayed and humidified along with backfilling until the water content is +/-3% of the optimal water content of the filler; if the filling material contains coal gangue, the coal gangue and cohesive soil are layered when spreading; after 1m of coal gangue is paved, the clay with the optimal water content is sprayed in time, the water content is +/-1% -3%, a clay layer with the thickness of 0.5m is paved, and the clay layer is circularly and alternately filled to the layered thickness, and then the dynamic compaction reinforcing construction is carried out.
S205, performing dynamic compaction reinforcement according to the designed dynamic compaction energy level;
s206, repeating the steps S204-S205 until the height of the landmark to be used as the building is-4 m.
The step S300 includes a method of,
s301, when backfilling in layers and dynamic compaction in layers are carried out to-4 m higher than a ground mark to be used as a building, backfilling a surface cohesive soil water-resisting layer, wherein the thickness of the surface cohesive soil water-resisting layer is larger than 10 cm;
s302, determining backfill parameters through a field test; the parameters can be selected by adopting about 30cm of layered paving thickness, controlling the optimal water content to be +/-2%, carrying out vibration rolling for 4-6 times, ensuring that the exciting force is not less than 50t and the compactness is not less than 96%;
and S303-settlement observation is carried out after filling, the observation period is not less than one year, settlement is convergent, and the settlement rate is less than 0.015 mm/d.
Compared with the prior art, the invention solves the problem that the development of cities is restricted due to a large number of open-pit mining pits and full-collapse goafs existing around the cities in the urban scale development process, provides the method for carrying out layered backfilling and dynamic compaction treatment on the open-pit mining pits and the full-collapse goafs to form the building land, and solves the problems of artificial segmentation of the cities due to the open-pit mining pits and the full-collapse goafs in the urban expansion development process, influence on the appearance due to steep walls of pits and difficult greening, and relatively low-cost land building under the premise of shortage of urban land.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
A dynamic compaction treatment technology for the layered backfill of open-pit mining pit and fully-collapsed goaf is realized by the techniques of pit bottom treatment, layered backfill and layered dynamic compaction, spontaneous combustion prevention and surface water-proof treatment, and achieves the aim of meeting the construction land.
The specific implementation steps are as follows:
step one, pit bottom treatment is carried out:
1. surface soil treatment: and (3) cleaning the grown plants, plant roots and plant soil formed by growth in the long-term exposure process of the mining pit and the full-subsidence goaf, and cleaning by adopting an excavator, wherein the cleaning depth is 20-30 cm.
2. Pit wall treatment: and after the plant soil is cleaned, carrying out pit wall treatment, namely carrying out step-shaped renovation on the walls of the mining pits and the fully-collapsed goafs. In the renovation process, if the pit wall is steep and the height is large, the pit wall can be renovated before each layer of backfill soil is backfilled, and the process is not easy to finish at one time. The branch step height of whole ladder can be unanimous with design backfill elevation design, and the slope satisfies aspect ratio 1 along the original state slope: 0.5-1: 2, and carrying out dynamic compaction reinforcement with the same energy level synchronously with the backfill soil layer.
3. Pit bottom treatment:
if the thickness of the loose soil is more than 15m, firstly digging the loose soil by using an excavator until the thickness of the loose soil is less than 15 m;
and if the thickness of the loose soil is less than or equal to 15m, directly carrying out dynamic compaction treatment. The treatment can adopt a dynamic compaction treatment mode, and the dynamic compaction energy level is selected as follows:
and (4) adopting the selected dynamic compaction energy level to reinforce the pit bottom.
Step two, carrying out layered backfilling and layered dynamic compaction:
1. and after the surface soil, the pit bottom and the pit wall are treated, carrying out compactness detection, and after the compactness is qualified, carrying out layered backfilling and layered dynamic compaction treatment.
2. And before backfilling, selecting fillers. According to the principle of 'adjusting to local conditions', the backfill material mainly comprises coal gangue waste solid mineral aggregates and soil and stone mixtures such as sandstone, shale, mudstone and the like, wherein the coal gangue waste solid mineral aggregates are most distributed in mining pits and full-subsidence goafs.
3. Before backfilling, a dynamic compaction energy level is drawn up, and the layered filling thickness is determined according to the selected dynamic compaction energy level. The dynamic compaction energy level can be 4000 kN.m-6000 kN.m, and the layering thickness is selected according to the following table:
4. the layered backfill adopts a layered filling mode, the layers are paved in a layered mode according to the thickness of 0.5-1m, and the dynamic compaction layering thickness is combined before paving to plan in advance.
5. When the coal gangue is used as a filler for paving, measures for preventing spontaneous combustion should be taken. The method specifically adopts a mode of backfilling coal gangue and cohesive soil in a mutual layer mode, namely, after the coal gangue with the thickness of about 1m is paved, the coal gangue is sprayed with water in time to the cohesive soil with the optimal water content (+ -1% -3%), and the water is synchronously sprayed with the coal gangue and the cohesive soil in the northern arid area along with the backfilling to humidify the coal gangue to the optimal water content +/-3% of the filler. And paving a clay layer of about 0.5m on the coal gangue packing layer, and then performing dynamic compaction reinforcement construction.
6. And (5) detecting layer by layer in the dynamic compaction reinforcing process, and performing the next construction after the dynamic compaction reinforcing process is qualified.
Thirdly, water-proof treatment of surface layer
1. And when the earth is backfilled in layers and the earth is compacted in layers to-4 m higher than the ground surface of the building, backfilling a water-resisting layer of the cohesive soil on the surface layer.
2. The layered paving thickness of the cohesive soil water-resisting layer on the surface layer is preferably about 30cm, rolling is carried out when the optimal water content is +/-2%, the rolling is carried out for 4-6 times in a vibrating mode, the exciting force is larger than 50t, the compaction degree is not smaller than 96%, and specific rolling parameters are determined according to field test results.
3. The layering thickness is planned in advance, and a thin pasting layer with the compaction thickness smaller than 10cm is strictly forbidden to be formed on the surface layer.
4. And (4) carrying out sedimentation observation after filling, wherein the observation period is not less than one year, the sedimentation is convergent, and the sedimentation rate is less than 0.015 mm/d.
Claims (5)
1. A method for layered backfill and dynamic compaction construction of open pit and full-collapse goaf is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
s100, performing surface soil removal, pit wall step excavation regulation and pit bottom dynamic compaction treatment on the open pit and the fully collapsed goaf;
s200, carrying out layered backfilling and layered dynamic compaction, and backfilling layer by layer and reinforcing a mining pit and a full-collapse goaf by dynamic compaction to form a flat ground for the building;
s300, water-resisting treatment of the surface layer.
2. The open pit and full-collapse goaf layered backfill dynamic compaction construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step S100 includes a method of,
s101, surface soil treatment: cleaning the grown plants, plant roots and plant soil formed by growth in the long-term exposure process of the mining pit and the full-subsidence goaf, and cleaning by adopting an excavator to a cleaning depth of 20-30 cm;
s102 pit wall treatment: after the top soil is cleaned, carrying out pit wall treatment, namely carrying out step-shaped renovation on the walls of the mining pits and the fully collapsed goafs; when the slope of the pit wall is less than 1:5, the pit wall is not steep, and steps do not need to be renovated; when the slope of the pit wall is greater than 1:5, step renovation is required; the step is refitted along the height of the original slope, height and layered paving thickness; when the slope of the pit wall is greater than 1: when 0.5 hour, the pit wall is renovated before each layer of backfill soil is backfilled, the height is equal to the layering thickness of dynamic compaction reinforcement, and the dynamic compaction reinforcement with the same energy level is synchronously carried out with the backfill soil layer;
s103, pit bottom treatment:
if the thickness of the loose soil is more than 15m, firstly digging the loose soil by using an excavator until the thickness of the loose soil is less than 15 m;
and if the thickness of the loose soil is less than or equal to 15m, directly carrying out dynamic compaction treatment.
3. The open pit and full-collapse goaf layered backfill dynamic compaction construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that: in step S103, when the thickness of the loose soil is less than or equal to 15m, a dynamic compaction processing mode is adopted, and the dynamic compaction energy level is selected as follows:
and (4) adopting the selected dynamic compaction energy level to reinforce the pit bottom.
4. The open-pit mining pit and full-collapse goaf layered backfill dynamic compaction construction method according to claim 3, characterized in that: the step S200 includes a method of,
s201, selecting backfill materials according to the soil and stone materials which are most distributed in the mining pit and the fully-collapsed goaf;
s202, selecting proper dynamic compaction equipment and dynamic compaction energy level according to mining pits, the depth of a full-collapse goaf, construction road building conditions and the characteristics of filling materials;
s203, before backfilling, drawing a dynamic compaction energy level, and determining the layered filling thickness according to the selected dynamic compaction energy level; the dynamic compaction energy level is 4000 kN.m-6000 kN.m, and the layering thickness is selected according to the following table:
S204, according to the determined backfill layering thickness, performing layered stacking, feeding and paving according to the thickness of 0.5-1m, and feeding and paving layer by layer until the backfill is layered to the layering thickness; in arid areas, water is synchronously sprayed and humidified along with backfilling until the water content is +/-3% of the optimal water content of the filler;
if the filling material contains coal gangue, the coal gangue and cohesive soil are layered when spreading; after 1m of coal gangue is paved, spraying water to the clay with the optimal water content in time, paving a clay layer with the water content of +/-1% -3%, filling a circulating interbedded layer to the layered thickness, and then performing dynamic compaction reinforcement construction;
s205, performing dynamic compaction reinforcement according to the designed dynamic compaction energy level;
s206, repeating the steps S204-S205 until the height of the landmark to be used as the building is-4 m.
5. The open-pit mining pit and full-collapse goaf layered backfill dynamic compaction construction method according to claim 4, characterized in that: the step S300 includes a method of,
the step S300 includes the following steps:
s301, when backfilling in layers and dynamic compaction in layers are carried out to-4 m higher than a ground mark to be used as a building, backfilling a surface cohesive soil water-resisting layer, wherein the thickness of the surface cohesive soil water-resisting layer is larger than 10 cm;
s302, determining backfill parameters through a field test; the parameters can be selected by adopting about 30cm of layered paving thickness, controlling the optimal water content to be +/-2%, carrying out vibration rolling for 4-6 times, ensuring that the exciting force is not less than 50t and the compactness is not less than 96%;
and S303-settlement observation is carried out after filling, the observation period is not less than one year, settlement is convergent, and the settlement rate is less than 0.015 mm/d.
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