CN112772039A - Method for recovering vegetation in abandoned mine land - Google Patents
Method for recovering vegetation in abandoned mine land Download PDFInfo
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- CN112772039A CN112772039A CN202011558417.1A CN202011558417A CN112772039A CN 112772039 A CN112772039 A CN 112772039A CN 202011558417 A CN202011558417 A CN 202011558417A CN 112772039 A CN112772039 A CN 112772039A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to a vegetation restoration method for a mine wasteland; the method comprises the following steps: s1: performing on-site reconnaissance drawing on the abandoned mine land, and dividing the types of the abandoned mine land from large to small according to the gradient and the source of the abandoned mine land; s2: finishing the terrain; s3: detecting a substrate; s4: improving a substrate; s5: selecting plant seed species according to matrix soil data of different types of mine wastelands, plant seed propagation characteristics, plant seed growth vigor and plant seed source difficulty degree; s6: and (3) spraying the foreign soil, namely spraying the mixture of the base material and the plant seeds onto the improved matrix by using a concrete sprayer to reconstruct a plant growing layer, and simultaneously carrying out maintenance management on the plant seeds. The invention can repair the abandoned mine land according to the conditions of different abandoned mine lands, and greatly improves the repairing effect of the abandoned mine land, thereby achieving the purposes of vegetation recovery and water and soil conservation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ecological restoration, in particular to a vegetation restoration method for a mine wasteland.
Background
With the development of mineral resources, especially the unreasonable development and utilization, serious ecological problems are caused, which seriously affect the ecological safety of the country and directly threaten the production and life of the masses in the mining area. In a mined or exploited area and a large amount of solid wastes with too high heavy metal content, the mine solid waste residue is easy to infiltrate toxic and harmful components into soil through rainwater washing and leaching, so that soil acidification is caused, and the soil is concealed and long-term, so that the soil environment deterioration, vegetation degradation and biodiversity imbalance are caused. Many metal mine wastelands contain a large amount of sulfur minerals, and the soil acidification and heavy metal pollution of the bare wastelands for a long time greatly increase the ecological recovery cost and seriously restrict the sustainable development of the local economic society. Currently, ecological restoration of bare waste areas of metal mines is a worldwide problem, and establishing a safe, stable and self-maintained vegetation is a great challenge. When the soil which is seriously acidified (alkalized), particularly the soil with strong acidity, is subjected to ecological restoration, the pollution of the mine must be treated, and a good soil environment of the bare mine must be reconstructed.
At present, the method for carrying out good environment reconstruction in the acid and heavy metal composite polluted mine field is less, and 0.5-1 m of nutrient soil is covered on the acid and heavy metal composite polluted mine field either by single lime spreading. The method of single lime spreading is difficult to rapidly neutralize the acidity of deep layer of the mine and solidify heavy metal ions, and can not prevent sulfur mineral from oxidizing and re-acidifying, and simultaneously can also strengthen the soil re-acidification degree. And large-area soil covering needs a large amount of nutrient soil, is high in cost and is difficult to be suitable for the vegetation recovery problem of large-area mine wasteland caused by historical reasons in mineral exploitation in China.
Therefore, a method for recovering vegetation in the abandoned mine land is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a vegetation recovery method for a mine wasteland, which can be used for repairing according to different mine wasteland conditions, greatly improves the repairing effect of the mine wasteland and achieves the purposes of vegetation recovery and water and soil conservation.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a vegetation recovery method for a mining wasteland comprises the following steps:
s1: performing on-site reconnaissance drawing on the abandoned mine land, and dividing the types of the abandoned mine land from large to small according to the gradient and the source of the abandoned mine land;
s2: landform finishing, namely selecting a landform finishing scheme according to the type of the abandoned mine land;
s3: matrix detection, namely extracting matrix soil of different types of mine waste lands, and detecting components such as metal types, metal content, pH and the like to obtain detected matrix soil data;
s4: matrix improvement, namely selecting a physical repair method or a chemical repair method according to the detected matrix soil data;
s5: selecting plant seed species according to matrix soil data of different types of mine wastelands, plant seed propagation characteristics, plant seed growth vigor and plant seed source difficulty degree;
s6: and (3) spraying the foreign soil, namely spraying the mixture of the base material and the plant seeds onto the improved matrix by using a concrete sprayer to reconstruct a plant growing layer, and simultaneously carrying out maintenance management on the plant seeds.
Preferably, the slope of the abandoned mine site in the S1 is divided into four slopes, and the four slopes include: the gradient is less than 20 degrees, the gradient is more than or equal to 20 degrees and less than 40 degrees, the gradient is more than or equal to 40 degrees and less than 60 degrees, and the gradient is more than 60 degrees, the sources of the mine waste land are divided into four sources, and the four sources comprise: the mining method comprises the following steps of (1) waste rock heap waste land, mining pit waste land, tailing waste land and used waste land, wherein the types of the mining waste land are divided into four types from large to small, the four types are divided into type A, type B, type C and type D, the type A is provided with a slope larger than 60 degrees or the mining pit waste land, the type B is provided with a slope larger than or equal to 40 degrees and smaller than 60 degrees or the waste rock heap waste land, the type C is provided with a slope larger than or equal to 20 degrees and smaller than 40 degrees or the tailing waste land, and the type D is provided with a slope smaller than or equal to 20 degrees or the used waste land.
Further, the waste rock heap to which the present invention relates is dumped from stripped topsoil, mined rock fragments and low grade ore.
Further, the mining pit abandoned land related to the invention is formed by a goaf and a subsided area left after the ore body is mined.
Further, the tailings disposal area related to the invention is formed by stacking tailings generated after ore concentrate is selected in mining.
Further, the used waste land according to the present invention is formed by using a mining operation surface, a mechanical facility, an ore auxiliary building, road traffic, etc., and then discarding the used waste land.
Preferably, the landform finishing scheme in S2 is divided into four schemes, where the four schemes include: a first aspect, a second aspect, a third aspect, and a fourth aspect, the four aspects including: the method comprises the following specific steps of: cleaning loose soil, disturbed soil or loose mining waste residues on a bare cliff of a abandoned mine ground, drilling a plurality of steps on the bare cliff from top to bottom, building a retaining wall at the edge of the bare cliff, digging a reservoir at the top of the bare cliff, arranging a water suction pump in the reservoir, digging a drainage ditch at the edge of the bare cliff, arranging a drainage pipeline in the drainage ditch, connecting the input end of the drainage pipeline with the output end of the water suction pump, arranging a plurality of branch pipelines on the drainage pipeline, arranging each branch pipeline on the step, and arranging the output ends of the branch pipelines towards the abandoned mine ground; the second scheme comprises the following specific steps: cleaning loose soil, disturbed soil or loose mining waste residues on a bare cliff of a abandoned mine, and then preparing soil on the bare cliff by using scale pits from top to bottom; the third scheme comprises the following specific steps: loose soil, disturbed soil or loose mining waste residues on a bare cliff of a abandoned mine are cleaned, hole-shaped soil preparation is carried out on the bare cliff along the contour line direction, and upper and lower pot holes are arranged in a delta shape; the fourth scheme comprises the following specific steps: loose soil, disturbed soil or loose mining waste residues on the abandoned land of the mine are cleaned firstly, then strip-shaped soil preparation is carried out on the bare land along the contour line direction, and the upper and lower horizontal ditches are arranged in a shape of Chinese character 'pin'.
Furthermore, the ridge in the fish-scale pit soil preparation is 10-15 cm high and 15cm wide at the ridge top.
Furthermore, the length of the hole-shaped land preparation is 0.5-1 m, the width of the hole-shaped land preparation is 0.5-0.8 m, and the depth of the hole-shaped land preparation is 0.3-0.5 m.
Furthermore, the length of the belt-shaped land preparation is 2-5 m, the width of the belt-shaped land preparation is 0.8-1.5 m, and the depth of the belt-shaped land preparation is 0.4-0.6 m.
Preferably, the first scheme is a terrain arrangement scheme for a type a mine wasteland, the second scheme is a terrain arrangement scheme for a type B mine wasteland, the third scheme is a terrain arrangement scheme for a type C mine wasteland, and the fourth scheme is a terrain arrangement scheme for a type D mine wasteland.
Preferably, the physical remediation method in S4 includes one of a soil replacement method, a soil removal method and an electrolysis method.
Furthermore, the soil-bearing method related by the invention is to add clean soil into the substrate soil so as to reduce the concentration of pollutants in the substrate soil or reduce the contact of the pollutants and plant roots.
Further, the soil replacement method according to the present invention is a method of digging out soil within a certain range in the matrix soil, replacing the soil with sand, stone or other materials, and ramming (or compacting, vibrating) the soil in layers to form the matrix soil of the supporting layer of the foundation.
Furthermore, the electrolytic method of the invention is to introduce direct current into the polluted matrix soil, so that the heavy metal is transferred under the action of electrolysis, electromigration, electroosmosis, electrophoresis and the like.
Preferably, the chemical remediation method in S4 is to incorporate a soil conditioner into the matrix soil, and when heavy metals exist in the matrix soil, the matrix soil is covered with a cinder layer, and the thickness of the cinder layer is not less than 20 cm.
Further, the soil conditioner related to the invention is prepared according to actual matrix soil data, and the performance evaluation refers to technical specification for organic plant production soil fertility improvement and soil conditioner evaluation RB/T147-2018.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, the types of the abandoned mine lands are divided according to the gradient and the sources of the abandoned mine lands, then a terrain arrangement scheme is selected according to the types of the abandoned mine lands, matrix soil extraction is carried out on the abandoned mine lands of different types to obtain detected matrix soil data, the matrix soil is improved based on the matrix soil data, appropriate plant seeds are selected for bioremediation, remediation can be carried out according to the conditions of the different abandoned mine lands, the remediation effect of the abandoned mine lands is greatly improved, and therefore the purposes of vegetation recovery and water and soil conservation are achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for recovering vegetation in a mining wasteland according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1, a method for recovering vegetation in a wasteland of a mine comprises the following steps:
s1: performing on-site reconnaissance drawing on the abandoned mine land, and dividing the types of the abandoned mine land from large to small according to the gradient and the source of the abandoned mine land;
s2: landform finishing, namely selecting a landform finishing scheme according to the type of the abandoned mine land;
s3: matrix detection, namely extracting matrix soil of different types of mine waste lands, and detecting components such as metal types, metal content, pH and the like to obtain detected matrix soil data;
s4: matrix improvement, namely selecting a physical repair method or a chemical repair method according to the detected matrix soil data;
s5: selecting plant seed species according to matrix soil data of different types of mine wastelands, plant seed propagation characteristics, plant seed growth vigor and plant seed source difficulty degree;
s6: and (3) spraying the foreign soil, namely spraying the mixture of the base material and the plant seeds onto the improved matrix by using a concrete sprayer to reconstruct a plant growing layer, and simultaneously carrying out maintenance management on the plant seeds.
The vegetation recovery of a certain copper ore waste land is shown in the table 1.
TABLE 1 types of mine wastelands
| Type of mine wasteland | Slope of slope | Source |
| Type A | ＞60° | Mining pit abandoned land |
| Type B | 40°～60° | Waste rock heap and waste land |
| Type C | 20°～40° | Waste land of tailings |
| Type D | ＜20° | Using waste land |
The method is characterized in that a first scheme is adopted for landform finishing aiming at A type mine wastelands, wherein the first scheme comprises the following specific steps: clear up loose soil, disturbed soil or loose mining waste residue on the naked cliff of mine abandonment ground earlier, from top to bottom beat a plurality of steps on the naked cliff again to building the revetment at naked cliff edge, digging at naked cliff top and establishing the cistern, be equipped with the suction pump in the cistern, the edge of naked cliff still digs and establishes the escape canal, and set up drainage pipe in the escape canal, drainage pipe's input and the output of suction pump are connected, be equipped with a plurality of branch road pipelines on the drainage pipe, every the branch road pipeline all sets up on the step, the output of branch road pipeline sets up towards the mine abandonment ground.
And performing terrain arrangement by adopting a second scheme aiming at the B-type mine wasteland, wherein the second scheme comprises the following specific steps: loose soil, disturbed soil or loose mining waste residues on the abandoned bare cliff of the mine are cleaned firstly, then the fishscale pits are adopted for soil preparation from top to bottom on the bare cliff, the ridge in the fishscale pits for soil preparation is 10-15 cm high, and the ridge top is 15cm wide.
And (2) performing terrain arrangement by adopting a third scheme aiming at the C-type mine wasteland, wherein the third scheme comprises the following specific steps: loose soil, disturbed soil or loose mining waste residues on a bare cliff of a abandoned mine ground are cleaned firstly, then hole-shaped soil preparation is carried out on the bare cliff along the contour line direction, upper and lower pit holes are arranged in a delta shape, the length in the hole-shaped soil preparation is 0.5-1 m, the width is 0.5-0.8 m, and the depth is 0.3-0.5 m.
And (2) performing terrain arrangement by adopting a fourth scheme aiming at D type mine wastelands, wherein the fourth scheme comprises the following specific steps: loose soil, disturbed soil or loose mining waste residues on the abandoned mine ground are cleaned firstly, then strip-shaped soil preparation is carried out on the bare ground along the contour line direction, the upper horizontal ditch and the lower horizontal ditch are arranged in a delta shape, the length of the strip-shaped soil preparation is 2-5 m, the width of the strip-shaped soil preparation is 0.8-1.5 m, and the depth of the strip-shaped soil preparation is 0.4-0.6 m.
Matrix soil extraction is carried out on different types of mine waste lands, and meanwhile, components such as metal types, metal content, pH and the like are detected, so that detected matrix soil data are obtained.
Detecting that the mine waste foundation soil contains heavy metals such as copper, iron and the like, the soil is weakly alkaline, matrix improvement is carried out according to different mine waste land types, and a chemical remediation method is selected, wherein the chemical remediation method is to mix a soil conditioner into the matrix soil, when the matrix soil contains heavy metals, a coal cinder layer is required to be covered on the surface of the matrix soil, and the thickness of the coal cinder layer is not less than 20 cm; the soil conditioner is prepared according to actual matrix soil data, and the performance evaluation refers to RB/T147-2018 technical Specification for soil fertility improvement and soil conditioner evaluation in organic plant production.
The method comprises the steps of selecting plant seed species according to matrix soil data, plant seed propagation characteristics, plant seed growth vigor and plant seed source difficulty degree of different types of mine waste lands, and performing block sowing according to different mine waste lands, wherein shrub and vine plants are mainly used, and the speed of rock wall greening is accelerated in an upward climbing and downward hanging mode, and the plant seed configuration is shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 plant seed configuration
And (3) spraying the foreign soil, namely spraying the mixture of the base material and the plant seeds onto the improved matrix by using a concrete sprayer to reconstruct a plant growth layer, and simultaneously carrying out maintenance management on the plant seeds, wherein the plant recovery effect is shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 plant restoration Effect
As can be seen from Table 3, the treated mine wasteland has the plant survival rate of more than 85 percent, vigorous plant growth, uniform distribution, good landscape forming effect and remarkable water and soil conservation effect.
Finally, the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all of them should be covered in the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A vegetation recovery method for abandoned mine lands is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: performing on-site reconnaissance drawing on the abandoned mine land, and dividing the types of the abandoned mine land from large to small according to the gradient and the source of the abandoned mine land;
s2: landform finishing, namely selecting a landform finishing scheme according to the type of the abandoned mine land;
s3: matrix detection, namely extracting matrix soil of different types of mine waste lands, and detecting components such as metal types, metal content, pH and the like to obtain detected matrix soil data;
s4: matrix improvement, namely selecting a physical repair method or a chemical repair method according to the detected matrix soil data;
s5: selecting plant seed species according to matrix soil data of different types of mine wastelands, plant seed propagation characteristics, plant seed growth vigor and plant seed source difficulty degree;
s6: and (3) spraying the foreign soil, namely spraying the mixture of the base material and the plant seeds onto the improved matrix by using a concrete sprayer to reconstruct a plant growing layer, and simultaneously carrying out maintenance management on the plant seeds.
2. The method for recovering vegetation in a mine wasteland according to claim 1, wherein the slope of the mine wasteland at S1 is divided into four slopes, the four slopes comprising: the gradient is less than 20 degrees, the gradient is more than or equal to 20 degrees and less than 40 degrees, the gradient is more than or equal to 40 degrees and less than 60 degrees, and the gradient is more than 60 degrees, the sources of the mine waste land are divided into four sources, and the four sources comprise: the mining method comprises the following steps of (1) waste rock heap waste land, mining pit waste land, tailing waste land and used waste land, wherein the types of the mining waste land are divided into four types from large to small, the four types are divided into type A, type B, type C and type D, the type A is provided with a slope larger than 60 degrees or the mining pit waste land, the type B is provided with a slope larger than or equal to 40 degrees and smaller than 60 degrees or the waste rock heap waste land, the type C is provided with a slope larger than or equal to 20 degrees and smaller than 40 degrees or the tailing waste land, and the type D is provided with a slope smaller than or equal to 20 degrees or the used waste land.
3. The method for recovering vegetation in mine wasteland according to claim 2, wherein said landform dressing plan at S2 is divided into four plans comprising: the method comprises the following specific steps of: cleaning loose soil, disturbed soil or loose mining waste residues on a bare cliff of a abandoned mine ground, drilling a plurality of steps on the bare cliff from top to bottom, building a retaining wall at the edge of the bare cliff, digging a reservoir at the top of the bare cliff, arranging a water suction pump in the reservoir, digging a drainage ditch at the edge of the bare cliff, arranging a drainage pipeline in the drainage ditch, connecting the input end of the drainage pipeline with the output end of the water suction pump, arranging a plurality of branch pipelines on the drainage pipeline, arranging each branch pipeline on the step, and arranging the output ends of the branch pipelines towards the abandoned mine ground; the second scheme comprises the following specific steps: cleaning loose soil, disturbed soil or loose mining waste residues on a bare cliff of a abandoned mine, and then preparing soil on the bare cliff by using scale pits from top to bottom; the third scheme comprises the following specific steps: loose soil, disturbed soil or loose mining waste residues on a bare cliff of a abandoned mine are cleaned, hole-shaped soil preparation is carried out on the bare cliff along the contour line direction, and upper and lower pot holes are arranged in a delta shape; the fourth scheme comprises the following specific steps: loose soil, disturbed soil or loose mining waste residues on the abandoned land of the mine are cleaned firstly, then strip-shaped soil preparation is carried out on the bare land along the contour line direction, and the upper and lower horizontal ditches are arranged in a shape of Chinese character 'pin'.
4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the first plan is a plan for finishing the topography of the type A mine wasteland, the second plan is a plan for finishing the topography of the type B mine wasteland, the third plan is a plan for finishing the topography of the type C mine wasteland, and the fourth plan is a plan for finishing the topography of the type D mine wasteland.
5. The method for recovering vegetation in the mine wasteland according to claim 1, wherein said physical remediation method in S4 comprises one of a soil replacement method, an earth moving method and an electrolytic method.
6. The method for recovering vegetation in a mining wasteland as claimed in claim 1, wherein the chemical remediation method in S4 is to incorporate soil conditioner into the matrix soil, and when heavy metals are present in the matrix soil, the matrix soil is covered with a coal cinder layer, and the thickness of the coal cinder layer is not less than 20 cm.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011558417.1A CN112772039A (en) | 2020-12-25 | 2020-12-25 | Method for recovering vegetation in abandoned mine land |
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| CN202011558417.1A CN112772039A (en) | 2020-12-25 | 2020-12-25 | Method for recovering vegetation in abandoned mine land |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115088412A (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-09-23 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Method for treating leaching water pollution and restoring ecological function of pyrite waste land |
| CN115735467A (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2023-03-07 | 湖北生态工程职业技术学院 | Mining abandoned land environment recovery method |
-
2020
- 2020-12-25 CN CN202011558417.1A patent/CN112772039A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115088412A (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-09-23 | 生态环境部南京环境科学研究所 | Method for treating leaching water pollution and restoring ecological function of pyrite waste land |
| CN115735467A (en) * | 2022-11-17 | 2023-03-07 | 湖北生态工程职业技术学院 | Mining abandoned land environment recovery method |
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