CN113564663B - Surface treatment method suitable for laser radar resonance piece and laser radar resonance piece - Google Patents
Surface treatment method suitable for laser radar resonance piece and laser radar resonance piece Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D13/00—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
- C25D13/04—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process with organic material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D13/00—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
- C25D13/12—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process characterised by the article coated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D13/00—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
- C25D13/20—Pretreatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D13/00—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
- C25D13/22—Servicing or operating apparatus or multistep processes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
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Abstract
The invention provides a surface treatment method suitable for a laser radar resonance piece, which comprises the following steps: providing a conductive resonator element, wherein the conductive resonator element is provided with a metal substrate; providing a non-metallic coating; and depositing the nonmetallic coating on at least a portion of a surface of the conductive resonator, forming a coating film on the at least a portion of the surface of the conductive resonator. According to the embodiment of the invention, the fatigue resistance and reliability of the alternating deformation structure are effectively improved under the condition that the characteristics of the alternating deformation structure are not obviously affected, and the service life of the alternating deformation structure is prolonged.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure relates to the field of laser radars, and in particular relates to a surface treatment method suitable for a laser radar resonant piece and the laser radar resonant piece.
Background
Fatigue failure of materials is a major cause of mechanical failure accidents in practical working scenarios. Fatigue failure generally occurs because the mechanical structure is subjected to its own operational requirements or external cyclic loads, and the number of loads carried at a certain stress level exceeds the number of cycles allowed. This is typically achieved in a limited life design by setting an allowable safety stress below which the structure or device has a full life meeting the operating requirements. However, too low an allowable safety stress also tends to limit the performance characteristics of the structure or device. By special methods such as fine grain strengthening, surface treatment strengthening, etc., the fatigue resistance of materials and structures can be improved, thereby improving the allowable working life of the same structural design or device.
The fatigue resistance of materials or structures is generally improved by heat treatment, such as surface quenching, nitriding carburization, and the like, other shot peening, and the like, and the strength of a base material can be improved by adjusting the element composition of the base material, but the methods have remarkable requirements on the materials per se, and meanwhile, the process is complex and therefore the cost is high. Other surface coating techniques, such as sputtering, spraying, electroplating, etc., are also widely used to improve the surface strength, corrosion resistance, and fatigue resistance of structural members. However, the common surface is plated with hard chromium or black zinc, and the method is easy to form a processing notch due to the plating layer, so that the fatigue life of the surface treated by the surface treatment process is not likely to be reversely reduced under the high-frequency cyclic stress scene of some structures.
The matters in the background section are only those known to the public and do not, of course, represent prior art in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a surface treatment method suitable for a laser radar resonant piece ， The surface treatment method has the advantages of simple process, low requirement on equipment, short time consumption and low cost, does not obviously influence the performance characteristics of the structure or the device, and obviously improves the fatigue resistance of the non-contact structure.
To solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention provides a surface treatment method suitable for a lidar resonator, including:
step S101: providing a conductive resonator element, wherein the conductive resonator element is provided with a metal substrate;
step S102: providing a non-metallic coating; and
step S103: the nonmetallic coating is deposited on at least a portion of the surface of the conductive resonator member, and a coating film is formed on the at least a portion of the surface of the conductive resonator member.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the step S103 is performed by electrophoresis, and the young' S modulus of the coating film is smaller than that of the conductive resonator.
According to one aspect of the invention, the conductive resonator element comprises one or more of a mechanical resonator, a swinging mirror, a swinging arm, a torsion beam, a vibrating mirror, a spring and a shrapnel.
According to one aspect of the invention, the non-metallic coating comprises one or more of epoxy, polyurethane, polyimide, polybutadiene.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the surface treatment method further includes: a nonmetallic coating solution is prepared from the nonmetallic coating, solvent, and water in predetermined ratio values.
According to one aspect of the invention, step S103 includes:
placing the conductive resonator in the nonmetallic coating solution, and setting a preset temperature and a preset PH value;
energizing the nonmetallic coating solution;
after a predetermined time of deposition, the conductive resonator is removed from the nonmetallic coating solution.
According to one aspect of the invention, the surface treatment method further comprises pre-treating the surface of the conductive resonator, wherein the pre-treating comprises one or more of degreasing, derusting, surface conditioning, phosphating and deionized water washing the surface of the conductive resonator.
According to one aspect of the present invention, the surface treatment method further includes cleaning and/or drying the conductive resonator member having the coating film.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the young's modulus of the coating film is equal to or less than one tenth of the young's modulus of the conductive resonator.
The invention also relates to a resonant piece of the laser radar, which comprises a coating film of non-metallic paint and a metal substrate, wherein the coating film is positioned on the surface of the metal substrate.
According to one aspect of the present invention, the coating film is applied by the surface treatment method as described above.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the material with lower strength can obtain the same fatigue life as the substrate with higher strength after being treated, or the substrate with the same strength has higher fatigue life after being subjected to surface treatment, so that the material cost is saved, and the fatigue resistance of the material is improved. The surface treatment method meets the requirement of the laser radar resonance piece on the application scene with higher fatigue resistance.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure, illustrate and explain the exemplary embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the disclosure, and do not constitute an undue limitation on the disclosure. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of a surface treatment method according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 shows a substep of step S103 in the flow of the surface treatment method of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of cathodic electrophoresis in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic view of a conductive resonator element with a coated film according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIGS. 5A, 5B and 5C show the results of cross-sectional stress simulations for different cases, respectively;
FIGS. 6A, 6B and 6C are stress simulation results for torsion cross sections when the film layers are 10, 20 and 30 microns, respectively;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the mechanism of action of a coating film to inhibit crack initiation and growth in a conductive resonator according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the mechanism of action of a coating film and an interface layer of a conductive resonator to inhibit crack propagation to the conductive resonator according to one embodiment of the invention;
FIGS. 9A and 9B show simulation results of cross-sectional stresses for a substrate having the same notch on its surface without and with an electrophoretic layer; and
fig. 10 shows the experimental results of the control.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As will be recognized by those of skill in the pertinent art, the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not as restrictive.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, and may be mechanically connected, electrically connected, or may communicate with each other, for example; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may include both the first and second features being in direct contact, as well as the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through additional features therebetween. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
The following disclosure provides many different embodiments, or examples, for implementing different features of the invention. In order to simplify the present disclosure, components and arrangements of specific examples are described below. They are, of course, merely examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, the present invention may repeat reference numerals and/or letters in the various examples, which are for the purpose of brevity and clarity, and which do not themselves indicate the relationship between the various embodiments and/or arrangements discussed. In addition, the present invention provides examples of various specific processes and materials, but one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize the application of other processes and/or the use of other materials.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, it being understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation of the present invention only, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
Based on the fatigue failure theory of the material, fatigue reflects a process that microcracks of the metal material gradually grow and the length of the metal material grows in cyclic load, fatigue failure is caused by continuous elongation and increase of the cracks under alternating cycles, and as the lengths of the cracks gradually expand, stress intensity factors gradually increase, and finally the stress intensity factors reach a threshold value of the material to cause the material to fail. The rate of change of the crack length can be found by the following formula:
where a is the crack length, N is the number of cycles of operation, C, N is a material dependent constant, and K is the stress intensity factor. The expansion of the microcracks has a stress intensity factor threshold (namely, the expansion can occur when the stress intensity factor threshold is higher than a certain value), and the equation of the change rate of the crack length shows that the linear growth section of the microcracks occupies most time in the fatigue process, and when the working cycle number is increased to a certain threshold, the microcracks can rapidly expand to enter an unstable stage of rapid growth.
Fig. 1 shows a flowchart of a surface treatment method according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1. As shown in fig. 1, the surface treatment method 100 is used for treating the surface of a resonant device of a lidar, so that the resonant device has a higher fatigue life without significantly affecting the performance. The surface treatment method 100 includes the steps of:
in step S101: a conductive resonator element is provided having a metal substrate.
The surface treatment method 100 is typically used in mechanical parts that are often subjected to significant alternating deformations and are not in contact with structures, including but not limited to various mechanical resonant devices, oscillating mirrors, oscillating arms, torsion beams, oscillating mirrors, springs, and spring plates, among others, that are often used in lidar. For example, a swing mirror, which includes a longitudinal axis and a swing mirror body mounted on the longitudinal axis through a swing arm perpendicular thereto, so that the swing mirror body swings back and forth around the longitudinal axis. The conductive resonator is usually made of at least one metal, for example, iron, copper, aluminum or an alloy thereof, and at least the surface of the conductive resonator is made of a conductive metal material.
In step S102: a non-metallic coating is provided. The nonmetallic coating is typically a polymer, such as a resin. Non-metallic coatings commonly used include one or more of epoxy, polyurethane, polyimide, polybutadiene. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the non-metallic coating is not limited to the materials listed above, and that other polymers meeting the conditions may be used as a coating in the present surface treatment process 100 and, of course, fall within the scope of the present invention.
In step S103: the nonmetallic coating is deposited on at least a portion of the surface of the conductive resonator member, and a coating film is formed on the at least a portion of the surface of the conductive resonator member.
The depositing of the nonmetallic coating on at least part of the surface of the conductive resonator in step S103 may be performed by means of electrophoresis. The electrophoresis can be generally divided into anode electrophoresis and cathode electrophoresis according to the process, specifically, if the coating particles are negatively charged, the workpiece is an anode, and the coating particles are deposited on the workpiece to form a film under the action of electric field force, which is called anode electrophoresis; on the contrary, if the paint particles are positively charged, the workpiece is a cathode, and the paint particles are deposited on the workpiece to form a film, which is called cathode electrophoresis. The anode electrophoresis has the characteristics of low price, simple equipment, low technical requirement, poor corrosion resistance of the coating and the like, and the price of the cathode electrophoresis is higher than that of the anode electrophoresis, but the corrosion resistance of the coating is higher.
Fig. 2 shows the sub-steps of step S103 in the flow of the surface treatment method described in fig. 1, and fig. 3 shows a schematic diagram of cathode electrophoresis according to an embodiment of the present invention. The following describes the sub-steps in step S103 in fig. 2 in detail with reference to the process of cathode electrophoresis in fig. 3. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, wherein the nonmetallic coating is an epoxy resin, as shown in fig. 3, for example, an epoxy resin cathode electrophoresis, the cathode electrophoresis schematic includes a substrate workpiece 20 (i.e., a conductive resonator in the present invention) as a cathode, an anode 30, a coating film 10, a nonmetallic coating solution 40, a power source 50, and cationic coating particles 60. As shown in fig. 2, the step S103 further includes the following sub-steps:
in step S103-1: the conductive resonator element 20 is placed in a configured nonmetallic coating solution 40, and a predetermined coating solution temperature and PH are set. Wherein the nonmetallic coating solution 40 is formulated from the nonmetallic coating, solvent, and water in predetermined ratio values. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nonmetallic coating solution 40 is an epoxy resin solution, which is prepared by mixing epoxy resin, solvent and water in a predetermined ratio. As shown in fig. 3, the conductive resonator 20 is electrically connected to the negative electrode of the power supply 50, and the surface-cleaned conductive resonator 20 is immersed in the disposed epoxy resin solution 40 as a negative electrode, and the anode 30 corresponding to the conductive resonator 20 as a negative electrode is additionally disposed in the epoxy resin solution 40.
In step S103-2: the nonmetallic coating solution 40 is energized. After the conductive resonator element 20 and anode 30 are placed in the nonmetallic coating solution 40, the power source 50 is turned on, and a direct current is applied between the anode 30 and cathode. After the energization, the positively charged paint particles, that is, the cationic paint particles 60 are attracted to the conductive resonator 20 as a cathode by the electrolysis of the solution, and then coalesce and electrodeposit on the surface of the conductive resonator 20 to form a uniform and continuous coating film 10.
In step S103-3: after a predetermined time of deposition, the conductive resonator element 20 is removed from the nonmetallic coating solution 40. The coating film 10 just deposited contains a large amount of moisture, and after a certain period of deposition, the coating film 10 is at least partially shrunk, desolvated and water is removed due to the influence of electric current, and the dehydrated coating film 10 is firmly adhered to the conductive resonator element 20. When the coating film 10 reaches a certain thickness, an insulating layer is formed on the surface of the conductive resonator 20, the cationic paint particles 60 slow down and stop swimming to the conductive resonator 20, and the electrophoresis process is finished, at this time, the conductive resonator 20 covered with the coating film 10 is taken out from the nonmetallic solution 40 for subsequent treatment. The thickness of the deposited coating film 10 generally increases with the increase in deposition time. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the coating film 10 is between several micrometers and several tens of micrometers.
In addition, although the method of the embodiment of the present invention is described above in a certain order, the present invention is not limited to the order described above, and may be implemented in various orders as long as a coating film can be formed on at least a part of the surface of the conductive resonator member 20, which is within the scope of the present invention.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, the surface treatment method as described above further comprises pre-treating the surface of the conductive resonator 20, the pre-treatment comprising one or more of degreasing, derusting, surfacing, phosphating, deionized water washing the surface of the conductive resonator. The conductive resonator element 20 needs to be pretreated before the surface treatment method as described above is applied to the conductive resonator element to ensure the surface of the conductive resonator element is clean and flat. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that for a portion of the conductive resonator element 20 having high surface requirements, other corresponding surface treatments, such as chemical polishing, galvanizing, nickel plating, silver plating, etc., may be performed to achieve the surface cleanliness, strength, corrosion resistance, etc., to obtain a coating film 10 of good quality and high adhesion by the surface treatment method 100 of the present invention.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the surface treatment method as described above further includes cleaning and/or drying the conductive resonator member 20 having the coating film after the end of step S103. For example, the conductive resonator 20 taken out of the nonmetallic solution 40 is subjected to closed-cycle cleaning, and is washed with water and deionized water, respectively, to clean out impurities such as a floating film on the conductive resonator 20. After cleaning, the conductive resonator 20 is put into an oven for drying. In the baking process, the temperature of the oven should not rise too fast, and the baking process can be divided into a pre-baking process and a baking curing process, and the conductive resonant member 20 is taken out after a certain temperature and time are reached, and the temperature and time can be set according to specific requirements. For example, the cleaned conductive resonator 20 is baked in an oven at a temperature of (165.+ -. 5) ℃ for 40 to 60 min and then taken out, thereby obtaining a conductive resonator having a uniform and strongly adhering coating film 10.
Fig. 4 shows a schematic view of a conductive resonator element with a coating film according to an embodiment of the invention. As shown in the drawing, the non-metallic paint deposited coating film 10 is formed to a certain thickness and uniformly covers the outer surface of the conductive resonator member 20. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the non-metallic paint forms a coating film having a young's modulus smaller than that of the conductive resonator. It is known from material mechanics that when a structure is deformed by an external force, the maximum stress generally occurs at the surface of the structure. When the young's modulus of the coating film 10 is smaller than that of the conductive resonator 20, the alternating deformation has little influence on the performance of the conductive resonator 20, the maximum stress in the coating film 10 is lower than that of the conductive resonator 20, so that the maximum stress generated by external force is generated in the conductive resonator 20, the surface of the conductive resonator 20 is protected, the threshold stress in the conductive resonator 20 is not increased compared with that in the absence of the coating film 10, and the performance of the conductive resonator 20 is not additionally influenced on the basis of prolonging the service life of the conductive resonator 20.
The inventor of the invention discovers through finite element simulation that the higher the Young modulus of the surface film layer is, the higher the stress in the film layer is under the same torsion amplitude, and the threshold stress in the substrate material is slightly reduced; although the high-strength material is reinforced by special treatment on the surface of the base material or directly deposited by thermal spraying and the like in this way, the stress born in the base material can be reduced, so that the fatigue resistance of the base material is improved, the base material which generally has requirements on fatigue resistance in practical structural parts is already a material with high strength, further searching for a material with higher strength is difficult, and the stress is transferred into a coating in a large amount, and the coating has high fatigue failure risk due to unavoidable microscopic defects and the like.
Thus according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the Young's modulus of the nonmetallic coating is significantly less than the Young's modulus of the electrically conductive resonator, e.g., less than or equal to one tenth of the Young's modulus of the electrically conductive resonator. It was found through simulation that when the young's modulus of the surface coating film 10 is small, for example, 10 times or more smaller than the base material, the stress in the coating film 10 is extremely small while the threshold stress in the conductive resonator 20 is not significantly changed; therefore, when the young's modulus in the surface coating film 10 is significantly smaller than that of the base material, the stress state of the conductive resonator 20 is not deteriorated. For example, the Young's modulus of the polymer material used as the nonmetallic coating in the present invention is very small, typically about several GPa, and the threshold stress in the coating film 10 obtained by simulation is only several megaPa, whereas the fatigue limit of the typical epoxy polymer is about several tens megaPa or more, so that the coating film 10 itself has high fatigue resistance characteristics at a required amplitude and is not easy to fail.
In addition, the surface defects of the surface electrophoretic coating are far less than those of the surface of the processed substrate, the failure rate of the electrophoretic coating layer is greatly reduced, and even if cracks are initiated in the electrophoretic layer, the high interface bonding energy between the electrophoretic coating layer and the substrate also prevents the cracks from further expanding directly into the substrate, and the crack expanding direction deflects. Fig. 5A, 5B and 5C show the results of cross-sectional stress simulation in different cases, respectively. Wherein fig. 5A shows the stress simulation results for a substrate without any film layers; FIG. 5B shows the results of stress simulation of a substrate with a polymer film layer (low Young's modulus); fig. 5C shows the stress simulation results for the substrate with a high modulus film layer. As shown in the figure, the polymer film layer with low Young modulus has no obvious effect on threshold stress under the same torsion amount, and the self stress of the film layer is low; however, the stress in the high young's modulus film is greatly increased.
In addition, the method according to the invention is insensitive to the thickness of the coating film layer and therefore to the control parameters during the process. Fig. 6A, 6B and 6C are stress simulation results for torsion cross sections when the film layers were 10, 20 and 30 microns, respectively, showing that the difference in film layer thickness has no significant effect on both stress distribution and threshold stress. Therefore, the implementation effect of the method is insensitive to the thickness of the film layer at the same level of the thickness of the film layer (after several micrometers to tens of micrometers), and is insensitive to the time control of the electrophoresis process, so that more tolerance of processing manufacturing errors can be realized.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the mechanism of action of the coating film to suppress crack initiation and growth in the conductive resonator according to one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 7, which includes a coating film 10, conductive resonator elements 20, and conductive resonator element microcracks 71. In the schematic diagram of the action mechanism shown in fig. 7, the action mechanism of improving the fatigue resistance of the structure by the surface electrophoretic coating is not to reduce the threshold stress in the conductive resonator 20 in an ideal case, but to inhibit the initiation and the expansion of the micro-cracks 71 on the surface of the original conductive resonator 20 by the additional action of the surface coating film 10, so as to improve the service life cycle number of the conductive resonator 20 or the allowable stress under the same cycle number under the same working condition.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the mechanism of action of the coating film and the conductive resonator interfacial layer to inhibit crack propagation to the conductive resonator according to one embodiment of the invention. As shown, the coating 10, the conductive resonator 20, the coating microcracks 72, and the interfacial bonding energy 80 are included.
Unlike the action mechanism shown in fig. 7, in the action mechanism diagram shown in fig. 8, when cracks are generated in the coating film 10 and extend to the deep structural direction and the conductive resonator 20, since the interface between the coating film 10 and the conductive resonator 20 has the interface bonding energy 80 which is required to be overcome for the conductive resonator 20 to extend, the interface bonding energy 80 tends to prevent the further extension of the coating film microcrack 72 to the conductive resonator 20, so that the development direction of the coating film microcrack 72 deflects, and since the young modulus of the coating film 10 is far lower than the young modulus of the conductive resonator 20 in the invention, even if the coating film 10 fails, the main structure of the conductive resonator 20 and the corresponding device performance characteristics are not significantly affected. Thus, both the mechanisms of action shown in fig. 7 and 8 indicate that by applying the surface treatment method of the present invention to at least a portion of the outer surface of the conductive resonator element 20, the deposition of the coating film 10 by electrophoresis can enhance its fatigue resistance and increase its fatigue life without substantially altering the performance of the conductive resonator element 20 itself.
Fig. 9A and 9B show simulation results of cross-sectional stress of a substrate with the same notch on the surface thereof without an electrophoretic layer and without an electrophoretic layer, wherein the substrate surface in fig. 9A has a notch without an electrophoretic layer; the substrate surface in fig. 9B has the same notch and has an electrophoretic layer of 10 microns. As shown, where the arrow indicates the direction of stretching, the black outline indicates the initial position of the substrate before stretching, and the substrate structure in both comparative simulations is correspondingly deformed under the same displacement of both transverse stretching, and the dark areas indicate the deformation of the substrate after stretching. As can be seen from the ordinate in the figure, the substrate with the electrocoat in fig. 9B has a maximum stress reduction of about 10% compared to the substrate in fig. 9A. It can be seen that the polymer coating according to the invention has a significant suppression effect on the threshold stress at the substrate gap, for example, the stress at the substrate gap can be reduced by 10% at an elastic modulus of 1GPa, and if a coating with a higher elastic modulus is selected, the stress at the substrate gap can be further reduced, but the stress is significantly transferred into the film layer. And the smaller the stress, the slower the crack growth rate.
The inventors designed two experimental control groups, a surface treated group and a non-surface treated group, respectively, and fig. 10 shows the experimental results of the control, as shown in the figure, wherein the abscissa (logarithmic scale) shows the number of failure cycles and the ordinate shows the stress amplitude. The experimental results show that under the condition that the base material, the structural design and the stress amplitude are completely the same, the average failure cycle number of the experimental group adopting the electrophoretic coating is 2 times as low as that of the experimental group without the electrophoretic coating, and most of the cases reach 5 times or higher, so that the fatigue resistance of the structure adopting the surface treatment process is obviously improved.
The invention also relates to a resonant piece of the laser radar, which comprises a metal substrate and a coating film of non-metallic paint on the surface of the metal substrate. Wherein the coating film of the lidar resonator is obtained by applying by the surface treatment method described above.
As described above, the invention provides a surface treatment method, and under the condition that there is no significant requirement on the material of the conductive resonant piece, the electrophoresis technology is utilized, so that the process is simple, the equipment requirement is low, the time consumption is short, the cost is extremely low, the substrate is only required to be conductive, and there is no significant requirement on the material, so that the application range of the invention is very wide. By using the method, the material with lower strength can obtain the same fatigue life as the substrate with higher strength after being treated, or the substrate with the same strength has higher fatigue life after being subjected to surface treatment, so that the material cost is saved, and the fatigue resistance is improved. The surface treatment process adopted by the invention does not have obvious influence on the performance characteristics of the structure or the device, and the intrinsic loss characteristics of the system are not changed so as not to change the quality factor while improving the fatigue resistance, so that the invention has obvious effect on the improvement of the fatigue resistance of the non-contact structure, particularly applicable to the application fields such as mechanical resonators, springs, shrapnel and the like which bear obvious alternating mechanical deformation. In addition, the invention has simple process and low cost, can meet the requirement on application scenes with higher fatigue resistance, and has considerable economic value.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto, but it is to be understood that modifications and equivalents of some of the technical features described in the foregoing embodiments may be made by those skilled in the art, although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A surface treatment method suitable for enhancing fatigue resistance of a lidar resonating piece, comprising:
step S101: providing a conductive resonator element, wherein the conductive resonator element is provided with a metal substrate;
step S102: providing a non-metallic coating, wherein the non-metallic coating comprises one or more of epoxy resin, polyurethane, polyimide and polybutadiene; and
step S103: depositing the nonmetallic coating on at least part of the surface of the conductive resonator, forming a coating film on the at least part of the surface of the conductive resonator for improving fatigue resistance thereof; wherein the Young's modulus of the coating film is smaller than that of the conductive resonator;
wherein the step S103 is performed by a method of electrophoresis; the surface treatment method further comprises the steps of cleaning and drying the conductive resonance piece with the coating film, wherein the drying comprises the steps of pre-drying and baking curing.
2. The surface treatment method of claim 1, wherein the conductive resonator comprises one or more of a mechanical resonator, a swing mirror, a swing arm, a torsion beam, a vibrating mirror, a spring, and a dome.
3. The surface treatment method according to claim 1, further comprising: a nonmetallic coating solution is prepared from the nonmetallic coating, solvent, and water in predetermined ratio values.
4. A surface treatment method according to claim 3, wherein step S103 comprises:
placing the conductive resonator in the nonmetallic coating solution, and setting a preset temperature and a preset PH value;
energizing the nonmetallic coating solution;
after a predetermined time of deposition, the conductive resonator is removed from the nonmetallic coating solution.
5. The surface treatment method of claim 1, further comprising pre-treating the surface of the conductive resonator, the pre-treating comprising one or more of degreasing, derusting, surfacing, phosphating, and deionized water washing the surface of the conductive resonator.
6. The surface treatment method according to claim 1, wherein the young's modulus of the coating film is one tenth or less of the young's modulus of the conductive resonator.
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Citations (3)
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| US3699029A (en) * | 1970-08-19 | 1972-10-17 | Harry F Bell | Anticorrosive electrophoretic coating process |
| US6875318B1 (en) * | 2000-04-11 | 2005-04-05 | Metalbond Technologies, Llc | Method for leveling and coating a substrate and an article formed thereby |
| CN104060316A (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2014-09-24 | 安徽红桥金属制造有限公司 | Surface treatment method for spring |
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2020
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3699029A (en) * | 1970-08-19 | 1972-10-17 | Harry F Bell | Anticorrosive electrophoretic coating process |
| US6875318B1 (en) * | 2000-04-11 | 2005-04-05 | Metalbond Technologies, Llc | Method for leveling and coating a substrate and an article formed thereby |
| CN104060316A (en) * | 2014-05-26 | 2014-09-24 | 安徽红桥金属制造有限公司 | Surface treatment method for spring |
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| 《仪器电器材料科学》.国防工业出版社,2004,第107-108页. * |
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