CN113560608B - Composite laser selective melting device for printing support structure and forming method - Google Patents

Composite laser selective melting device for printing support structure and forming method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113560608B
CN113560608B CN202110866748.XA CN202110866748A CN113560608B CN 113560608 B CN113560608 B CN 113560608B CN 202110866748 A CN202110866748 A CN 202110866748A CN 113560608 B CN113560608 B CN 113560608B
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China
Prior art keywords
printing
powder
support structure
cavity
powder collecting
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CN202110866748.XA
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Chinese (zh)
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CN113560608A (en
Inventor
苏春建
李广震
郭素敏
赵栋
王帅本
张敏
李雪梦
王瑞
张国松
娄淑梅
张强
姚燕安
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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Shandong University of Science and Technology
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/30—Platforms or substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/60—Planarisation devices; Compression devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite laser selective melting device for a printing support structure and a forming method, belonging to the technical field of laser selective melting forming, and comprising a laser emitter, a vibrating mirror, a powder collecting device, an air inlet, a powder spreading roller, a powder conveying cavity, a forming cavity, a substrate, a support structure, a workpiece, a printing device, an air outlet and a mechanical arm.

Description

Composite laser selective melting device for printing support structure and forming method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a composite selective laser melting device for a printing support structure and a forming method, and belongs to the technical field of selective laser melting and forming.
Background
3D printing is a rapid prototyping technique, also known as additive manufacturing, which is a technique that builds objects by using bondable materials such as powdered metal or plastic and the like and printing layer by layer on the basis of a digital model file. The traditional selective laser melting technology is used for printing the suspension part, a supporting structure is often used, materials of the supporting structure and materials of the workpiece are formed by laser printing, the problem that the supporting structure and the workpiece are difficult to separate or the workpiece is damaged when the workpiece is taken out is caused, and the traditional extrusion type 3D printing equipment can be used for printing the workpiece without the supporting structure but is easily limited by the melting point of the materials, so that the high-melting-point metal materials are difficult to print.
Therefore, there is a need for a method or apparatus that can meet the requirements of selective laser melting without supporting structures or easily eliminate supporting structures, so that selective laser melting technology can be widely applied in more complex forming fields, but the innovative research design in the field is very few, and the method or apparatus has great development potential.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings, the present invention provides a composite selective laser melting device and a forming method for a printing support structure.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a composite laser selective melting device for a printing support structure and a forming method thereof are disclosed, wherein the composite laser selective melting device comprises a laser emitter, a vibrating mirror, a powder collecting device, an air inlet, a powder paving roller, a powder conveying cavity, a forming cavity, a substrate, a support structure, a workpiece, a printing device, an air outlet and a mechanical arm, the powder collecting device comprises an air outlet cavity, a fan, a powder filtering film, a powder collecting cavity, a fixing plate, a screw, a powder collecting head and a powder collecting pipe, the fan is placed at the bottom of the air outlet cavity, the powder filtering film is installed on the left side of the air outlet cavity, the powder collecting cavity is fixed on the fixing plate, the powder collecting head is glued to one side of the powder collecting pipe and clamped on the fixing plate through the screw, the other side of the powder collecting pipe is connected with the powder collecting cavity, the printing device comprises an air duct, a ventilating duct, a storage box, a cooling block, a heating block, an extruding head, a ventilating head and a bolt, the air duct is installed on the outer side of the composite laser selective melting device, one end of the other side of the storage box is connected with the other side of the cooling block, the heating block is connected with the other side of the cooling block, the heating block, the mechanical arm, and the mechanical arm are connected with the other working device, and the working end of the working device, and the working device is connected with the other working end of the working device.
Furthermore, the right end of the air outlet cavity is provided with a vent hole, so that air in the cavity can flow out.
Further, the filter powder film is made of glass fiber materials.
Furthermore, a threaded hole is formed in the fixing plate, and the powder collecting device is fixed at the working end of the mechanical arm.
Furthermore, the ventilation pipe is fixed on one side of the heating block through the screwing of the bolt on the heating block.
Further, the storage box opening is screwed through two bolts to install the printing device at the working end of the mechanical arm.
A composite laser selective melting forming method for a printing support structure is based on the composite laser selective melting device for the printing support structure and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Introducing inert gas into the device, printing a substrate in the forming cavity by the printing device, driving the substrate to move downwards by a lifting plate in the forming cavity, printing a layer of initial supporting structure on the substrate by the printing device, and enabling the ventilation head to work all the time in the working process of the printing device;
(2) After the powder spreading roller rolls to spread powder in the powder feeding cavity in the forming cavity, the powder spreading roller returns to the initial position, and the lifting plate in the powder feeding cavity moves upwards;
(3) The powder collecting device moves above a supporting structure printed by the printing device through the mechanical arm, a fan in the powder collecting device is electrified to absorb powder above the supporting structure, and the powder is collected in a powder collecting cavity;
(4) The laser emitter prints a layer of workpiece in the forming cavity through the vibrating mirror according to the input program, the lifting plate moves downwards in the forming cavity, and the printing can be completed by repeating the process.
Furthermore, the ventilation head and the extrusion head keep moving in the same direction during working, and the cooling time of the supporting structure is shortened by continuously supplying air to the supporting structure printed by the printing device.
Furthermore, the melting point of the support structure material printed by the printing device is smaller than that of the workpiece material, so that the support structure material is convenient to separate.
Furthermore, the two mechanical arms compile different programs, so that the two mechanical arms work without interference.
Further, receive the powder device and collect the last powder of bearing structure, guarantee and no powder impurity between the bearing structure of next round of printing for print out ideal bearing structure shape.
Furthermore, when the powder collecting device and the printing device do not work, the laser selective melting device has the same function as the traditional laser selective melting equipment.
Further, the printing device and the powder collecting device at the working end of the mechanical arm are always kept in a vertical state.
The invention has the advantages that the printing device is combined with laser printing, the printing of different materials in the forming process can be realized, so that the supporting structure and the workpiece have different melting points, the supporting structure is convenient to remove during later heat treatment, the cooling port is arranged in the printing device, the supporting structure can be rapidly cooled in the high-temperature printing process, and the metal powder paved on the supporting structure can be conveniently recovered by adopting the powder collecting device, so that the bonding between layers of the supporting structure is firmer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the present invention showing three positive axes;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a printing apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of a powder collecting device according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a partial sectional view of the powder collecting device of the present invention;
in the figure, 1, a laser emitter, 2, a galvanometer, 3, a powder collecting device, 301, an air outlet cavity, 302, a fan, 303, a powder filtering film, 304, a powder collecting cavity, 305, a fixing plate, 306, a screw, 307, a powder collecting head, 308, a powder collecting pipe, 4, an air inlet, 5, a powder spreading roller, 6, a powder sending cavity, 7, a forming cavity, 8, a base plate, 9, a supporting structure, 10, a workpiece, 11, a printing device, 1101, an air duct, 1102, a ventilation pipe, 1103, a storage box, 1104, a cooling block, 1105, a heating block, 1106, an extrusion head, 1107, a ventilation head 1108, a bolt, 12, an air outlet, 13 and a mechanical arm.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, in the present invention, the terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like indicate the orientation or the positional relationship based on the drawings, and the terms are only the relational terms determined for describing the structural relationship of the components of the present invention, and do not refer to any components of the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is provided in conjunction with the appended drawings:
as shown in fig. 1-5, a composite laser selective melting device and a forming method for printing a support structure are realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a compound laser election district melting device for printing bearing structure, by laser emitter 1, galvanometer 2, receive powder device 3, air inlet 4, shop's powder roller 5, send powder chamber 6, shaping chamber 7, base plate 8, bearing structure 9, work piece 10, printing device 11, gas outlet 12, arm 13 and constitute, receive powder device 3 by air-out chamber 301, fan 302, filter powder membrane 303, receive powder chamber 304, fixed plate 305, screw 306, receive powder head 307, receive powder pipe 308 and constitute, fan 302 place in air-out chamber 301 bottom, filter powder membrane 303 installs on air-out chamber 301 left side, receive powder chamber 304 and fix on fixed plate 305, receive powder head 307 and receive powder pipe 308 one side cementing to clamp on fixed plate 305 through screw 306, receive powder pipe 308 opposite side and receive powder chamber 304 and link to each other, printing device 11 by dryer 1101, ventilation pipe 1102, 1103 box, cooling block 1104, heating block, extrusion head 1106, 1107, the head 1107, the other end of the compound laser melting device is connected with the other end of the blowing device 13, wherein the laser melting device 13 is connected with the other end of the blowing device 13, and the other end of the compound laser melting device 13, and the blowing device 13 are connected through a blowing device 13, and a blowing device 13, a blowing device is connected to the side, and a blowing device 13.
Furthermore, the right end of the air outlet cavity 301 is provided with a vent hole to ensure the air in the cavity to flow out.
Further, the powder filtering film 303 is made of a glass fiber material.
Further, the fixing plate 305 is provided with a threaded hole for fixing the powder collecting device 3 at the working end of the mechanical arm 13.
Further, the ventilation pipe 1102 is fastened to one side of the heating block 1105 by tightening bolts 1108 on the heating block 1105.
Further, the printing device 11 is mounted at the working end of the mechanical arm 13 by screwing two bolts at the opening of the magazine 1103.
A composite laser selective melting forming method for a printing support structure is based on the composite laser selective melting device for the printing support structure and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Introducing inert gas into the device, printing the substrate 8 in the forming cavity 7 by the printing device 11, driving the substrate 8 to move downwards by the lifting plate in the forming cavity 7, printing a layer of initial supporting structure 9 on the substrate 8 by the printing device 11, and enabling the ventilation head 1107 to work all the time in the working process of the printing device 11;
(2) After the powder spreading roller 5 rolls to spread the powder in the powder feeding cavity 6 in the forming cavity 7, the powder spreading roller 5 returns to the initial position, and the lifting plate in the powder feeding cavity 6 moves upwards;
(3) The powder collecting device 3 moves to the position above a supporting structure 9 printed by the printing device 11 through the mechanical arm 13, a fan 302 in the powder collecting device 3 is electrified, powder above the supporting structure 9 is sucked, and the powder is collected in a powder collecting cavity 304;
(4) The laser emitter 1 prints a layer of workpiece 10 in the forming cavity 7 through the vibrating mirror 2 according to an input program, the lifting plate moves downwards in the forming cavity 7, and the printing can be completed by repeating the process.
Further, the ventilation head 1107 is operated to keep moving in the same direction as the extrusion head 1106, and the cooling time of the support structure 9 is reduced by continuously supplying air to the support structure 9 after printing by the printing device 11.
Further, the material of the support structure 9 printed by the printing device 11 has a melting point lower than that of the workpiece 10, so that the separation is facilitated.
Further, the two mechanical arms 13 write different programs, so that the two mechanical arms 13 work without interference.
Further, receive powder device 3 and collect the last powder of bearing structure 9, guarantee and no powder impurity between the bearing structure 9 that next round printed for print out ideal bearing structure 9 shape.
Further, when the powder collecting device 3 and the printing device 11 do not work, the laser selective melting device has the same function as the traditional laser selective melting device.
Further, the printing device 11 and the powder collecting device 3 at the working end of the mechanical arm 13 are always kept in a vertical state.
A composite laser selective melting device for a printing support structure comprises the following specific working processes:
when the laser powder receiving device works, inert gas is firstly introduced into a forming environment to protect the whole forming process, a program is input into a mechanical arm 13 driving a printing device 11, the mechanical arm 13 is adjusted to a specified position, a substrate 8 capable of bearing a workpiece 10 is printed on a lifting table of a forming cavity 7, cooling gas is applied through a ventilation head 1107 to promote rapid cooling of the substrate 8, then the lifting table descends for a certain distance, the mechanical arm 13 drives the printing device 11 to print a supporting structure 9 of the layer according to the program and cools the supporting structure, at the moment, the printing device 11 moves to the specified position where the subsequent process is not influenced through the mechanical arm 13, a powder spreading roller 5 moves rightwards, powder in a powder sending cavity 6 is flatly spread in the forming cavity 7, a part of powder can be attached to the printed supporting structure 9, the powder receiving device 3 is driven by the mechanical arm 13 to suck the powder receiving cavity 304 which continuously prints according to the program, the powder which influences the supporting structure 9 to move to the specified position where the subsequent laser printing process is not influenced after the powder is flatly spread in the forming cavity 7, and the laser transmitter 1 is driven by the mechanical arm 13 to move to the specified position where the subsequent laser printing process is not influenced, and then the laser printing process is repeatedly lifted and the forming cavity 7 according to complete the printing process.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the embodiments described above without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. A compound laser selective melting device for printing a support structure, characterized in that: the device consists of a laser emitter, a vibrating mirror, a powder collecting device, an air inlet, a powder spreading roller, a powder conveying cavity, a forming cavity, a substrate, a supporting structure, a workpiece, a printing device, an air outlet and a mechanical arm, wherein the laser emitter and the vibrating mirror are used for printing the workpiece; the powder collecting device consists of an air outlet cavity, a fan, a powder filtering film, a powder collecting cavity, a fixing plate, a screw, a powder collecting head and a powder collecting tube, wherein the fan is placed at the bottom of the air outlet cavity; the printing device consists of an air duct, a ventilation duct, a storage box, a cooling block, a heating block, an extrusion head, a ventilation head and bolts, and is used for printing a support structure by adopting different materials; one side of the storage box is provided with a hole, and the bottom of the other side of the storage box is connected with the cooling block, the heating block and the extrusion head through a throat pipe; the two mechanical arms are fixed at the top end inside the composite laser selective melting device, one of the mechanical arms is connected with the powder collecting device, and the other mechanical arm is connected with the printing device.
2. A composite laser selective melting apparatus for printing a support structure as in claim 1 wherein: the right end of the air outlet cavity is provided with a vent hole, and the powder filtering film and the air outlet cavity are connected in a gluing mode.
3. A composite laser selective melting apparatus for printing a support structure as in claim 1 wherein: the ventilation pipe is fixed on one side of the heating block through screwing of a bolt on the heating block.
4. A composite laser selective melting apparatus for printing a support structure as recited in claim 1, wherein: the storage box trompil department is screwed through two bolts and is installed printing device at arm work end.
5. A composite laser selective melt forming method for printing a support structure, characterized by: the composite selective laser melting device for printing support structures as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the following steps,
(1) Introducing inert gas into the device, printing a substrate in the forming cavity by the printing device, driving the substrate to move downwards by a lifting plate in the forming cavity, printing a layer of initial supporting structure on the substrate by the printing device, and enabling the ventilation head to work all the time in the working process of the printing device;
(2) After the powder spreading roller rolls to spread the powder in the powder feeding cavity in the forming cavity, the powder spreading roller returns to the initial position, and the lifting plate in the powder feeding cavity moves upwards;
(3) The powder collecting device moves above a supporting structure printed by the printing device through the mechanical arm, a fan in the powder collecting device is electrified to absorb powder above the supporting structure, and the powder is collected in a powder collecting cavity;
(4) The laser emitter prints a layer of workpiece in the forming cavity through the vibrating mirror according to the input program, the lifting plate moves downwards in the forming cavity, and the printing can be completed by repeating the process.
6. A composite laser selective melt forming method for printing a support structure according to claim 5, wherein: the ventilation head and the extrusion head keep moving in the same direction during working, and continuously supply air to the support structure printed by the printing device.
7. A composite laser selective melt forming method for printing a support structure according to claim 5, wherein: the support structure material printed by the printing device has a melting point less than the workpiece material.
8. A composite laser selective melt forming method for printing a support structure according to claim 5, wherein: the printing device and the powder collecting device at the working end of the mechanical arm are always kept in a vertical state.
CN202110866748.XA 2021-07-29 2021-07-29 Composite laser selective melting device for printing support structure and forming method Active CN113560608B (en)

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CN115415548B (en) * 2022-11-07 2023-03-10 四川工程职业技术学院 Supporting package element structure for 3D printing and forming of metal

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CN103978211B (en) * 2014-05-23 2016-01-20 北京理工大学 The paving powder of dissimilar materials precinct laser fusion and powder recovering device
CN105383059B (en) * 2015-12-02 2018-06-01 吉林大学 More material powderings and molding 3D printing method and printing equipment
CN205343823U (en) * 2016-01-07 2016-06-29 山东科技大学 Dual spray device of 3D printer
CN105834422B (en) * 2016-05-06 2018-09-14 西安铂力特增材技术股份有限公司 A kind of metal increasing material manufacturing method and device
CN107116218A (en) * 2017-05-16 2017-09-01 山东大学 A kind of use low-melting alloy is easy to the method that metal 3D printing removes support
US11040489B2 (en) * 2017-10-19 2021-06-22 General Electric Company Additive manufacturing apparatus
CN110538994B (en) * 2019-07-10 2020-06-16 南京中科煜宸激光技术有限公司 Arc fuse and sand mold support composite printing flexible equipment and printing method
CN112338203B (en) * 2020-11-09 2023-03-07 浙江天雄工业技术有限公司 Method for recycling powder

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