CN113548900A - Application of double-layer composition of silicon nitride ceramic and glass material in engine - Google Patents

Application of double-layer composition of silicon nitride ceramic and glass material in engine Download PDF

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CN113548900A
CN113548900A CN202110941235.0A CN202110941235A CN113548900A CN 113548900 A CN113548900 A CN 113548900A CN 202110941235 A CN202110941235 A CN 202110941235A CN 113548900 A CN113548900 A CN 113548900A
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silicon nitride
engine
nitride ceramic
glass material
layer
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杨德宁
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Shenzhen Qianhai Fawei New Material Technology Co Ltd
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Shenzhen Qianhai Fawei New Material Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2021/116665 priority Critical patent/WO2022057653A1/en
Publication of CN113548900A publication Critical patent/CN113548900A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
    • C04B35/584—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on silicon nitride
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C12/00—Powdered glass; Bead compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C14/00—Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix
    • C03C14/004—Glass compositions containing a non-glass component, e.g. compositions containing fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like, dispersed in a glass matrix the non-glass component being in the form of particles or flakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/36—Glass starting materials for making ceramics, e.g. silica glass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
    • C04B2235/9607—Thermal properties, e.g. thermal expansion coefficient

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)

Abstract

Use in an engine of a two-layer composition of a silicon nitride ceramic and a glass material, the inner layer of which is a layer of silicon nitride ceramic material in contact with the piston, having a thermal expansion coefficient from 0 to 40 ℃ up to 900 ℃ equal to or lower than 5(× 10 "6/° c); the outer layer is a glass material layer wrapped by a silicon nitride ceramic material layer, and the silicon nitride ceramic material layer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: thermal conductivity less than 5w/[ (m.K)]Thermal diffusivity less than 5mm2(ii)/S, having a thermal expansion coefficient of 8 (x 10-6/° C) or less from 0-40 ℃ to 800 ℃, a softening point temperature of > 800 ℃, an alumina content of 1-46% by weight, and a magnesium oxide content0-15 percent of silicon oxide, 30-82 percent of calcium oxide and 0-15 percent of boron oxide. The invention can promote the industrial progress of the engine and the gas turbine, greatly improve the heat efficiency and greatly improve the horsepower of the engine when the fuel oil is the same, greatly save the energy, greatly reduce the carbon emission and has the technical effect of generating a new trend of slowing down the global warming.

Description

Application of double-layer composition of silicon nitride ceramic and glass material in engine
Technical Field
The present invention relates to the field of new materials, combined with inventions and technical elements (in particular position elements) changes, and the field of inventions for application in engines, in particular to the application of a two-layer composition of silicon nitride ceramic and glass material in engines.
The existing glass materials, ceramic materials, natural mineral materials, metal materials and microcrystalline glass materials and various prior art product schemes can not simultaneously have the following 6 properties:
A. low coefficient of friction properties; B. low thermal diffusivity of mm2(ii) performance expression of/S (i.e., the ability of the body to approach temperature uniformity during heating or cooling, which is a good thermal shock resistance); C. low thermal conductivity heat loss prevention properties; D. low thermal expansion rate properties; E. the nature of the high softening point (deformation point); F. corrosion-resistant chemical properties and wear resistance.
The double-layer composition of silicon nitride ceramic and glass material can utilize new properties, and can actually solve 4 major industrial technical problems of metal engines and gas turbines:
the friction coefficient is small (the friction coefficient is much smaller than that of various metals or ceramics such as zirconia ceramics, alumina ceramics and mullite ceramics), and the self-lubricating property of the surface air film layer generated when the silicon nitride material is stressed, which is particularly the low friction coefficient of a magnetic rotary floating train, is technically the basis (namely, the working state without lubricating oil can generate the effect similar to that of the lubricating oil, for example, the silicon nitride material is adopted by a large-scale bearing of wind power, and the lubricating oil is not added for more than ten years). Therefore, the technical problems that the friction coefficient of a metal engine cylinder is large and the efficiency of the engine is seriously influenced can be better solved; therefore, the technical problem that the lubricant effect of the engine oil is reduced due to the fact that the engine oil of the organic lubricant is carbonized and loses efficacy in the high-temperature environment of the engine cylinder can be better solved.
2, because the silicon nitride material has low thermal expansion coefficient property thermal expansion property that the thermal expansion coefficient is equal to or lower than 4 (multiplied by 10 < -6 >/DEG C) when the temperature is increased from 0-40 ℃ to 900 ℃, the silicon nitride material can resist cold and hot impact, is heated to more than 1000 ℃ when the temperature is increased from 0-40 ℃, is rapidly cooled and then rapidly heated, and cannot be cracked, namely, has good thermal shock resistance, and is much better than the thermal shock resistance of various aluminum alloys, gray cast iron metals, zirconia ceramics, alumina ceramics and mullite ceramics, the silicon nitride material can better overcome the great problems of difficult starting of a metal engine cylinder under cold weather conditions and industrial technology that the metal engine cylinder is damaged when the silicon nitride material is driven in a severe road environment with the accelerator being increased rapidly and the accelerator being reduced rapidly; the technical effect of prolonging the service life of the engine can be achieved.
And 3, because the softening point deformation point temperatures of the silicon nitride material and the glass material are much better than the thermal shock resistance of various aluminum alloys and gray cast iron metals and zirconia ceramics, alumina ceramics and mullite ceramics. Therefore, the problems of the prior art of metal engines and gas turbines can be better overcome and solved: the metal engine and the gas turbine can be deformed in the cylinder limit at the temperature exceeding the deformation point (350-450 ℃), so that the heat is only removed by using cooling water, and the major technical problem of heat loss is caused.
4. the glass material in the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramic and the glass material is less than 7w/[ (m.K)]The thermal conductivity (expressed as the heat transfer quantity between fluid or object and unit time and unit area) of the alloy is higher than that of various aluminum alloys, gray cast iron metal, zirconia ceramic, alumina ceramic and mullite ceramicThe thermal shock resistance is much better. So can be when heat energy passes through the glass material layer, blocked by the glass material layer of low coefficient of thermal conductivity, can overcome and solve metal engine and gas turbine prior art problem do: the thermal diffusivity of the engine cylinder of a metal engine and a gas turbine is greater than 50-120mm2(ii)/S, thermal conductivity greater than 50-120w/[ (m.K)]Rapid thermal energy dissipation is caused, and the thermal energy utilization rate of the metal engine is only 30-35% which is a big problem of industrial technology.
Because the metal engine cylinder can only bear the temperature of 300 ℃ for a long time, the temperature of the metal engine cylinder must be quickly reduced by cooling water, otherwise cylinder pulling is generated to damage the engine; the temperature of the engine cylinder with the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramics and the glass material can bear a high-temperature state which is higher than that of a metal engine cylinder by hundreds of degrees for a long time, the temperature of 800-1000 ℃ can be kept in the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramics and the glass material for a long time without being rapidly cooled by cooling water, so that fuel oil in the engine cylinder with the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramics and the glass material can be fully combusted, gases such as carbon dioxide and the like can be effectively removed, and the carbon emission of the engine with the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramics and the glass material is greatly reduced compared with that of the metal engine.
Therefore, the engine cylinder of the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramic and the glass material in the cylinder can be kept at 800-1000 ℃ for a long time without being rapidly cooled by cooling water, so that more heat energy values in the engine cylinder of the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramic and the glass material can be converted into mechanical power, the large problem of the industrial technology that the heat energy utilization rate is only 30-35% in the prior art is solved, and the heat energy utilization rate in the engine cylinder of the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramic and the glass material is improved to 70-85%. Therefore, the invention can greatly improve the thermal efficiency, greatly save the energy, more thoroughly and greatly reduce the carbon emission (can greatly change and upgrade the existing national emission standard of automobiles and the emission standard of Europe) and can generate a new trend of slowing down the global warming in the industries of engines and gas turbines in the fields of automobiles, ships, airplanes and diesel oil, coal and natural gas power generation.
The invention solves 5 major technical problems of metal engines and gas turbines by using new properties, and generates a new technical effect, namely the invention with application. As long as 1 of the 5 new properties is utilized, the technical effects of greatly improving the thermal efficiency, greatly saving energy, more thoroughly and greatly reducing carbon emission (the existing national emission standard of automobiles and the emission standard of Europe can be greatly changed and upgraded) and generating a new trend of slowing down global warming are achieved by the aid of 1 of the 4 major technical problems of metal engines and gas turbines and 1 of industrial technologies. The application of the double-layer composition of silicon nitride ceramics and glass materials in the engine has outstanding substantive features and remarkable progress, and has the creativity specified in clause 22 and clause 3 of the patent law.
Background
Nowadays, all countries' car companies, ship companies, airplane companies, thermal power gas turbine companies, such as: automobile companies such as Toyota, Japan and Honda; german Baoma Motor company and the public; general and Ford Motor companies in the United states; korean modern car company and cya car company; shanghai auto company, China, Jili auto company, great wall, etc.; and medium group corporation, diesel for triple well ships; china commercial aircraft corporation;voll (Wol) WoA company;middle and distant groupA company;zhonghai groupA company;japanese post shipA company; kawasaki steamship corporation; shanghai steam turbine company; c919 large aircraft engines company; boeing aircraft engines, inc; the air passenger aircraft engines company, etc., has established specialized research institutes:
the method is researched 1, how to overcome the technical problem that the friction coefficient is large when lubricating oil is added to a metal material of an engine cylinder, and the engine efficiency is seriously influenced; the technical problem that the lubricant effect of the engine oil is reduced due to the fact that the organic lubricant engine oil is carbonized and loses efficacy in a high-temperature environment of a metal engine cylinder is solved, and the technical problem that the efficiency of the engine is not high is seriously affected by the generation of the organic lubricant engine oil.
Are all under investigation2, how to overcome the difficulty of starting a metal engine cylinder body under the cold weather condition and when the engine is driven in the severe road environment with the accelerator being increased rapidly and the accelerator being reduced rapidly, the thermal diffusivity of the metal material is more than 8-30mm2The poor performance of/S (i.e., the ability of the object to be heated or cooled to a uniform temperature, i.e., poor thermal shock resistance, which can cause damage to the metal engine block; and the industrial technology which can reduce the life of the engine.
Are all studied 3. how to overcome and solve the problem of the prior art that metal engine and gas turbine cylinders can cause metal engine cylinder damage when the extreme deformation temperature property of the metal material (350-. Namely, because of the significant technical problems of poor high-temperature thermal expansion properties of metallic materials and low ultimate deformation point temperature, and the high coefficient of friction and mm thermal diffusivity of metallic materials technology2The major technical problems of poor performance of the/S and poor performance of the heat conductivity coefficient w/(m.K) are that metal engine and turbine cylinders can only utilize cooling water to remove all the heat which affects the extreme deformation temperature of the metal material (350-.
The research 4 is that the metal engine and the gas turbine industry technology in the automobile field, the ship field, the airplane field and the diesel oil and coal and natural gas power generation field cause the technical problems that the temperature in the metal engine cylinder is very low, the oil can not be fully combusted, and the gases such as carbon dioxide and the like can not be thoroughly removed.
There is therefore a need for new solutions that will generate the advances that will drive the engine and turbine industries: greatly improving the heat efficiency and greatly improving the engine horsepower with the same fuel oil, greatly saving energy, more thoroughly and greatly reducing the carbon emission (greatly changing and upgrading the existing national emission standard of automobiles and the emission standard of Europe) and generating a new trend of slowing down the global warming.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an application of a double-layer composition of silicon nitride ceramics and glass materials in the field of engines.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
use in an engine of a two-layer composition of a silicon nitride ceramic and a glass material, characterized in that the inner layer is a layer of silicon nitride ceramic material in contact with the piston, having a thermal expansion coefficient equal to or lower than 5(× 10 "6/° c) from 0-40 ℃ up to 900 ℃; the outer layer is a glass material layer coated with a silicon nitride ceramic material layer, and the thermal conductivity is less than 5w/[ (m.K)]Thermal diffusivity less than 5mm2(ii)/S, which has a thermal expansion coefficient of 8 (x 10-6/° C) or less from 0-40 ℃ to 800 ℃, a softening point temperature of > 800 ℃, and which has an alumina content of 1-46%, a magnesia content of 0-15%, a silica content of 30-82%, a calcium oxide content of 0-15%, and a boron oxide content of 0-15% by weight.
The inner layer is a layer of silicon nitride ceramic material in contact with the piston and having a thermal expansion rate of 6 (x 10-6/° c) or less from 0-40 ℃ up to 1200 ℃.
The glass material layer coated with the silicon nitride ceramic material layer has a thermal conductivity of less than 4w/[ (m.K)]Thermal diffusivity less than 4mm2(ii)/S having a thermal expansion rate of 8 (x 10-6/° C) or less, increasing from 0-40 ℃ to 1000 ℃, and a softening point temperature > 1000 ℃.
The double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramic and the glass material is used for cylinder liners of vehicle engines, ship engines, piston type aircraft engines of heat engines, engineering machinery engines and fuel generators.
Furthermore, the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramic and the glass material is covered on the surface layer of the outer shell of a combustion chamber and a turbine of a turbine engine of a heat engine type.
Further, the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramic and the glass material is covered on the steam chamber wall and/or the cylinder layer surface layer and/or the steam nozzle surface layer and/or the steel disc surface layer and/or the blade surface layer and/or the cylinder body surface layer and/or the steam conveying pipeline surface layer of the steam turbine.
Further, the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramic and the glass material is covered on the surface of a cylinder sleeve of a piston engine of a generator and/or a shell of a turbocharging system component.
Furthermore, the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramic and the glass material is used for a heat engine.
Further, the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramic and the glass material is covered on the surface of the shell of the turbocharging system component of the engine of the heat engine type.
Further, the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramic and the glass material is used for a cylinder head and/or a piston pin and/or a connecting rod and/or an intake valve and/or an exhaust valve of a heat engine.
Further, the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramic and the glass material is used for a tubular material in a high-temperature environment.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly and completely illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is further described below.
Use in an engine of a two-layer composition of a silicon nitride ceramic and a glass material, the inner layer of which is a layer of silicon nitride ceramic material in contact with the piston, having a thermal expansion coefficient from 0 to 40 ℃ up to 900 ℃ equal to or lower than 5(× 10 "6/° c); the outer layer is a glass material layer wrapped by a silicon nitride ceramic material layer, and the silicon nitride ceramic material layer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: thermal conductivity less than 5w/[ (m.K)]Thermal diffusivity less than 5mm2(S) having a thermal expansion coefficient of 8 (x 10-6/° C) or less from 0 to 40 ℃ to 800 ℃, a softening point temperature of > 800 ℃, an alumina content of 1 to 46%, a magnesia content of 0 to 15%, a silica content of 30 to 82%, and a calcium oxide content of 0-15 percent and the content of boron oxide is 0 to 15 percent.
The inner layer is a silicon nitride ceramic material layer which is in contact with a piston, and the thermal expansion rate of the silicon nitride ceramic material layer is equal to or lower than 6 (multiplied by 10 < -6 >/DEG C) from 0-40 ℃ to 1200 ℃;
the glass material layer coated with the silicon nitride ceramic material layer has a thermal conductivity less than 4w/[ (m.K)]Thermal diffusivity less than 4mm2(ii)/S having a thermal expansion rate of 8 (x 10-6/° C) or less, increasing from 0-40 ℃ to 1000 ℃, and a softening point temperature > 1000 ℃.
In the embodiment, a rod-lift method of a german relaxation-resistant instrument is adopted to test the softening temperature and the thermal expansion rate of the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramic and the glass material and the application thereof, and the test conditions are as follows: the temperature rise speed is 5 ℃/min.
Example 1
Use in an engine of a two-layer composition of a silicon nitride ceramic and a glass material, wherein the inner layer is a layer of a silicon nitride ceramic material in contact with the piston, having a thermal expansion rate from 0-40 ℃ up to 900 ℃ equal to or lower than 5(× 10 "6/° c); the outer layer is a glass material layer wrapped by a silicon nitride ceramic material layer, and the silicon nitride ceramic material layer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: thermal conductivity less than 5w/[ (m.K)]Thermal diffusivity less than 5mm2(ii)/S, which has a thermal expansion coefficient of 8 (x 10-6/° C) or less from 0-40 ℃ to 800 ℃, a softening point temperature of > 800 ℃, and which has an alumina content of 1-46%, a magnesia content of 0-15%, a silica content of 30-82%, a calcium oxide content of 0-15%, and a boron oxide content of 0-15% by weight.
The two-layer composition of silicon nitride ceramic and glass material of example 1 simultaneously had the following 6 properties:
A. low coefficient of friction properties; B. low thermal diffusivity of mm2(ii) performance expression of/S (i.e., the ability of the body to approach temperature uniformity during heating or cooling, which is a good thermal shock resistance); C. low thermal conductivity heat loss prevention properties; D. low thermal expansion rate properties; E. the nature of the high softening point (deformation point); f corrosion resistance and wear resistanceAnd (4) properties.
The two-layer composition of silicon nitride ceramic and glass material of example 1 can actually solve 4 major industrial technical problems of metal engines and gas turbines by taking advantage of new properties:
the friction coefficient is small (the friction coefficient is much smaller than that of various metals or ceramics such as zirconia ceramics, alumina ceramics and mullite ceramics), and the self-lubricating property of the surface air film layer generated when the silicon nitride material is stressed, which is particularly the low friction coefficient of a magnetic rotary floating train, is technically the basis (namely, the working state without lubricating oil can generate the effect similar to that of the lubricating oil, for example, the silicon nitride material is adopted by a large-scale bearing of wind power, and the lubricating oil is not added for more than ten years). Therefore, the technical problems that the friction coefficient of a metal engine cylinder is large and the efficiency of the engine is seriously influenced can be better solved; therefore, the technical problem that the lubricant effect of the engine oil is reduced due to the fact that the engine oil of the organic lubricant is carbonized and loses efficacy in the high-temperature environment of the engine cylinder can be better solved.
2, because the silicon nitride material has the low thermal expansion rate property of thermal expansion rate which is equal to or lower than 4 (multiplied by 10 < -6 >/DEG C) when the thermal expansion rate is increased from 0-40 ℃ to 900 ℃, the silicon nitride material can resist cold and hot impact, is heated to more than 1000 ℃ when the temperature is increased from 0-40 ℃, is rapidly cooled and then rapidly heated, and cannot be cracked, namely, has good thermal shock resistance, and is much better than the thermal shock resistance of various aluminum alloys and gray cast iron metals, zirconia ceramics, alumina ceramics and mullite ceramics, the silicon nitride material can better overcome the problem of difficult starting of a metal engine cylinder body under the cold climate condition, and the industrial technology of damaging the metal engine cylinder body when the metal engine cylinder body is driven in the severe road environment with the accelerator being increased rapidly and the accelerator being reduced rapidly; the technical effect of prolonging the service life of the engine can be achieved.
And 3, because the softening point deformation point temperatures of the silicon nitride material and the glass material are much better than the thermal shock resistance of various aluminum alloys and gray cast iron metals and zirconia ceramics, alumina ceramics and mullite ceramics. Therefore, the problems of the prior art of metal engines and gas turbines can be better overcome and solved: the metal engine and the gas turbine can be deformed in the cylinder limit at the temperature exceeding the deformation point (350-450 ℃), so that the heat is only removed by using cooling water, and the major technical problem of heat loss is caused.
4. the glass material in the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramic and the glass material is less than 7w/[ (m.K)]The thermal conductivity (representing the heat transfer quantity between fluid or object and unit area) is much better than the thermal shock resistance of various aluminum alloys and gray cast iron metals and zirconia ceramics, alumina ceramics and mullite ceramics. So can be when heat energy passes through the glass material layer, blocked by the glass material layer of low coefficient of thermal conductivity, can overcome and solve metal engine and gas turbine prior art problem do: the thermal diffusivity of the engine cylinder of a metal engine and a gas turbine is greater than 50-120mm2(ii)/S, thermal conductivity greater than 50-120w/[ (m.K)]Rapid thermal energy dissipation is caused, and the thermal energy utilization rate of the metal engine is only 30-35% which is a big problem of industrial technology.
Because the metal engine cylinder can only bear the temperature of 300 ℃ for a long time, the temperature of the metal engine cylinder must be quickly reduced by cooling water, otherwise cylinder pulling is generated to damage the engine; the temperature of the engine cylinder with the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramics and the glass material can bear a high-temperature state which is higher than that of a metal engine cylinder by hundreds of degrees for a long time, the temperature of 800-1000 ℃ can be kept in the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramics and the glass material for a long time without being rapidly cooled by cooling water, so that fuel oil in the engine cylinder with the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramics and the glass material can be fully combusted, gases such as carbon dioxide and the like can be effectively removed, and the carbon emission of the engine with the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramics and the glass material is greatly reduced compared with that of the metal engine.
Therefore, the engine cylinder of the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramic and the glass material in the cylinder can be kept at 800-1000 ℃ for a long time without being rapidly cooled by cooling water, so that more heat energy values in the engine cylinder of the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramic and the glass material can be converted into mechanical power, the large problem of the industrial technology that the heat energy utilization rate is only 30-35% in the prior art is solved, and the heat energy utilization rate in the engine cylinder of the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramic and the glass material is improved to 70-85%. Therefore, the invention can greatly improve the thermal efficiency, greatly save the energy, more thoroughly and greatly reduce the carbon emission (can greatly change and upgrade the existing national emission standard of automobiles and the emission standard of Europe) and can generate a new trend of slowing down the global warming in the industries of engines and gas turbines in the fields of automobiles, ships, airplanes and diesel oil, coal and natural gas power generation.
Moreover, the two-layer composition of silicon nitride ceramic and glass material and the application thereof in the application of the engine and the gas turbine and the high-temperature heat-insulating material are greatly superior to those of the metal material engine and the gas turbine and other high-temperature heat-insulating materials in the aspects of corrosion resistance, chemical resistance, wear resistance and hardness.
The Applicant is why in this example the thermal conductivity of the bilayer composition defining the silicon nitride ceramic and glass material and the application thereof is less than 5w/[ (m.K)]Thermal diffusivity less than 5mm2(ii)/S having a thermal expansion rate of 8 (x 10-6/° C) or less, increasing from 0-40 ℃ to 800 ℃, and a softening point temperature > 800 ℃. Because the above-mentioned new properties are proved by the inventor through a lot of experiments and iterations, and in this example, it is pointed out that only so, the two-layer composition of silicon nitride ceramics and glass material and its application can have 6 new properties at the same time, and by utilizing these properties, 4 significant technical problems of metal engine gas turbine can be solved.
This is because forceful is known to those skilled in the art because in the operation of a cylinder of a metal automotive engine with a small displacement (e.g., between 1 liter and 4 liters), the piston moves up and down the cylinder approximately 1000 times per minute. The temperature of the gas ignited to burn and expand in the cylinder is 1200 ℃, and the gas is expanded by 15-18 times at a very fast speed, so that the energy of the heat value of the fuel oil is converted into mechanical energy for pushing the piston. At the moment, if the vehicle speed is 120 km normally, the temperature of gas in the cylinder during combustion expansion reaches 500-; in the prior art, the problem that the metal engine cylinder generates extreme expansion deformation at the temperature of 350-450 ℃ to cause the problem that the engine is damaged by the quick movement of a piston and the deformation of a cylinder body is caused, so that only a cooling water system is designed to quickly reduce the temperature of the metal engine cylinder to 200 ℃ with the safety coefficient; the heat value energy of the fuel oil in the cylinder of the metal engine is greatly taken away, so that the heat energy utilization rate of the metal engine only has 35 to 40 technical problems.
The double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramic and the glass material is not limited to be not deformed at the temperature higher than 500-600 ℃, but is not deformed at the temperature lower than 800 ℃ when the safety factor of 150-200 ℃ is added. The temperature of the gas at the combustion and expansion in the cylinder exceeds 500-800 ℃ when the normal speed of 120 kilometers is increased to 150 kilometers or more and the gas at the combustion and expansion temperature in the cylinder exceeds 600 ℃ when a driver touches the automobile and the automobile goes up a slope, and the temperature reaches 700-800 ℃. Can be suitable for various small and medium-sized automobiles, and the automobile can run to 200 kilometers per hour in countries such as Europe, the gas temperature can exceed 500-.
The property of the first embodiment, i.e. the two-layer composition of silicon nitride ceramic and glass material and its use as defined in claim 1, that the glass material has a softening point > 800 ℃ and rises from 0-40 ℃ to 800 ℃ is therefore a safety solution with a safety factor in the design. Namely, the double-layer composition of silicon nitride ceramics and glass materials and the application thereof can keep the fuel oil thermal energy value at 800 ℃ to be converted into larger mechanical energy without generating limit expansion deformation in the operation of a cylinder of an engine.
Is suitable for application of a vehicle engine with common displacement (the displacement is less than 4 liters) in specific application.
In the embodiment, the silicon nitride ceramic is used for the inner layer position of an engine cylinder which is pulled and rubbed with a piston for thousands of times per minute, and the porosity of the sintered silicon nitride ceramic is 18-20% (the inner wall of the metal engine cylinder is provided with a plurality of fine groove structures for storing lubricating oil), so that the lubricating oil of the engine can enter the pores, the silicon nitride friction surface in the cylinder body is slightly decomposed to form a thin gas film, and the sliding resistance between the friction surfaces is reduced. And engine lubricating oil enters 18-20 pores and has the function of full lubricating oil, thereby generating double effects of reducing resistance and saving energy.
Comparing with the inventor (original patented technology of a double-layer composition of silicon nitride ceramics and glass materials), or comparing (original patented technology of a double-layer composition of silicon nitride ceramics and glass materials), the inner wall of the engine cylinder is smooth because the glass powder is melted and then wraps the silicon nitride powder or other ceramics or solid powder during sintering, and the pores are filled with glass and 18-20 pores do not appear. It is also necessary to fabricate a plurality of fine groove structures for retaining lubricating oil on silicon nitride or various ceramic materials having high hardness. Therefore, the present invention (application of a bilayer composition of silicon nitride ceramics and glass materials in an engine) has the advantage of saving manufacturing cost compared with the present inventor (original patented technology of other bilayer compositions of silicon nitride ceramics and glass materials and original bilayer compositions of silicon nitride ceramics and glass materials). In addition, the silicon nitride friction surface in the cylinder body can be decomposed in a micro-scale manner to form a thin air film, so that the sliding resistance between the friction surfaces is reduced, and the double lubrication effect can be achieved under the action of lubricating oil. The effects of reducing resistance and saving energy can be produced.
In addition, compared with the patent technology of the double-layer composition of silicon nitride ceramics and glass materials of the inventor, or compared with the patent technology of the double-layer composition of silicon nitride ceramics and glass materials, because 20-40% of glass particles occupy the surface area of the inner wall surface layer of the engine cylinder after being melted during sintering, the invention (application of the double-layer composition of silicon nitride ceramics and glass materials in the engine) technology can lead the larger area of the inner wall surface layer of the engine cylinder to be complete silicon nitride materials, and can lead the silicon nitride friction surface with larger area in the cylinder body to be decomposed slightly to form a thin air film, thereby reducing the sliding resistance between the friction surfaces in the larger area, and producing the effects of reducing the resistance and saving energy.
Example 2
Use of a two-layer composition of silicon nitride ceramic and glass material in an engine, wherein the inner layer is a layer of silicon nitride ceramic material in contact with the piston, which heats from 0-40 ℃ to 1200 ℃An expansion ratio of 6 (x 10-6/DEG C) or less; the outer layer is a glass material layer wrapped by a silicon nitride ceramic material layer, and the silicon nitride ceramic material layer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: thermal conductivity less than 5w/[ (m.K)]Thermal diffusivity less than 5mm2(ii)/S, which has a thermal expansion coefficient of 8 (x 10-6/° C) or less from 0-40 ℃ to 800 ℃, a softening point temperature of > 1100 ℃, and which has an alumina content of 30-46%, a magnesia content of 0-15%, a silica content of 30-82%, a calcium oxide content of 0-15%, and a boron oxide content of 0-15% by weight.
The two-layer composition of silicon nitride ceramic and glass material of example 2 simultaneously had the following 6 properties:
A. low coefficient of friction properties; B. low thermal diffusivity of mm2(ii) performance expression of/S (i.e., the ability of the body to approach temperature uniformity during heating or cooling, which is a good thermal shock resistance); C. low thermal conductivity heat loss prevention properties; D. low thermal expansion rate properties; E. the nature of the high softening point (deformation point); f corrosion resistance chemical property and wear resistance property.
The two-layer composition of silicon nitride ceramic and glass material of example 1 can actually solve 4 major industrial technical problems of metal engines and gas turbines by taking advantage of new properties:
the friction coefficient is small (the friction coefficient is much smaller than that of various metals or ceramics such as zirconia ceramics, alumina ceramics and mullite ceramics), and the self-lubricating property of the surface air film layer generated when the silicon nitride material is stressed, which is particularly the low friction coefficient of a magnetic rotary floating train, is technically the basis (namely, the working state without lubricating oil can generate the effect similar to that of the lubricating oil, for example, the silicon nitride material is adopted by a large-scale bearing of wind power, and the lubricating oil is not added for more than ten years). Therefore, the technical problems that the friction coefficient of a metal engine cylinder is large and the efficiency of the engine is seriously influenced can be better solved; therefore, the technical problem that the lubricant effect of the engine oil is reduced due to the fact that the engine oil of the organic lubricant is carbonized and loses efficacy in the high-temperature environment of the engine cylinder can be better solved.
2, because the silicon nitride material has the low thermal expansion rate property of thermal expansion rate which is equal to or lower than 4 (multiplied by 10 < -6 >/DEG C) when the thermal expansion rate is increased from 0-40 ℃ to 900 ℃, the silicon nitride material can resist cold and hot impact, is heated to more than 1000 ℃ when the temperature is increased from 0-40 ℃, is rapidly cooled and then rapidly heated, and cannot be cracked, namely, has good thermal shock resistance, and is much better than the thermal shock resistance of various aluminum alloys and gray cast iron metals, zirconia ceramics, alumina ceramics and mullite ceramics, the silicon nitride material can better overcome the problem of difficult starting of a metal engine cylinder body under the cold climate condition, and the industrial technology of damaging the metal engine cylinder body when the metal engine cylinder body is driven in the severe road environment with the accelerator being increased rapidly and the accelerator being reduced rapidly; the technical effect of prolonging the service life of the engine can be achieved.
And 3, because the softening point deformation point temperatures of the silicon nitride material and the glass material are much better than the thermal shock resistance of various aluminum alloys and gray cast iron metals and zirconia ceramics, alumina ceramics and mullite ceramics. Therefore, the problems of the prior art of metal engines and gas turbines can be better overcome and solved: the metal engine and the gas turbine can be deformed in the cylinder limit at the temperature exceeding the deformation point (350-450 ℃), so that the heat is only removed by using cooling water, and the major technical problem of heat loss is caused.
4. the glass material in the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramic and the glass material is less than 7w/[ (m.K)]The thermal conductivity (representing the heat transfer quantity between fluid or object and unit area) is much better than the thermal shock resistance of various aluminum alloys and gray cast iron metals and zirconia ceramics, alumina ceramics and mullite ceramics. So can be when heat energy passes through the glass material layer, blocked by the glass material layer of low coefficient of thermal conductivity, can overcome and solve metal engine and gas turbine prior art problem do: the thermal diffusivity of the engine cylinder of a metal engine and a gas turbine is greater than 50-120mm2(ii)/S, thermal conductivity greater than 50-120w/[ (m.K)]Rapid thermal energy dissipation is caused, and the thermal energy utilization rate of the metal engine is only 30-35% which is a big problem of industrial technology.
Because the metal engine cylinder can only bear the temperature of 300 ℃ for a long time, the temperature of the metal engine cylinder must be quickly reduced by cooling water, otherwise cylinder pulling is generated to damage the engine; the temperature of the engine cylinder with the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramics and the glass material can bear a high-temperature state which is higher than that of a metal engine cylinder by hundreds of degrees for a long time, the temperature of 800-1000 ℃ can be kept in the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramics and the glass material for a long time without being rapidly cooled by cooling water, so that fuel oil in the engine cylinder with the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramics and the glass material can be fully combusted, gases such as carbon dioxide and the like can be effectively removed, and the carbon emission of the engine with the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramics and the glass material is greatly reduced compared with that of the metal engine.
Therefore, the engine cylinder of the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramic and the glass material in the cylinder can be kept at 800-1000 ℃ for a long time without being rapidly cooled by cooling water, so that more heat energy values in the engine cylinder of the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramic and the glass material can be converted into mechanical power, the large problem of the industrial technology that the heat energy utilization rate is only 30-35% in the prior art is solved, and the heat energy utilization rate in the engine cylinder of the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramic and the glass material is improved to 70-85%. Therefore, the invention can greatly improve the thermal efficiency, greatly save the energy, more thoroughly and greatly reduce the carbon emission (can greatly change and upgrade the existing national emission standard of automobiles and the emission standard of Europe) and can generate a new trend of slowing down the global warming in the industries of engines and gas turbines in the fields of automobiles, ships, airplanes and diesel oil, coal and natural gas power generation.
Moreover, the two-layer composition of silicon nitride ceramic and glass material and the application thereof in the application of the engine and the gas turbine and the high-temperature heat-insulating material are greatly superior to those of the metal material engine and the gas turbine and other high-temperature heat-insulating materials in the aspects of corrosion resistance, chemical resistance, wear resistance and hardness.
The Applicant is why in this example the thermal conductivity of the glass material is defined to be less than 5w/[ (m.K)]Thermal diffusivity less than 5mm2(ii)/S having a thermal expansion rate of 8 (x 10-6/° C) or less, increasing from 0-40 ℃ to 1000 ℃, and a softening point temperature > 1100 ℃. Because the above-mentioned new properties are obtained by extensive experimental investigation and repeated proof of the inventor, and in this example, it is pointed out that only this can be producedThe double-layer composition of silicon nitride ceramic and glass material and its application can possess 6 new properties at the same time, and utilize these properties to solve 4 significant technical problems of metal engine gas turbine.
The method is suitable for heavy trucks with the weight of more than 20-50 tons, high-power engine engineering vehicles, generator sets of high-power engines, large and giant ship engines and large gas turbines for thermal power plants and nuclear power plants in specific application. . Because of its great horsepower, heat has a greater effect on the cylinders, and therefore, a two-layer composition engine with higher levels of silicon nitride ceramic and glass materials is required.
Further, the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramic and the glass material and the application thereof are used for cylinder liners of vehicle engines, ship engines, heat engine piston type aircraft engines, engineering machinery engines and fuel generators.
Further, the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramic and the glass material and the application thereof cover the surface layer of the combustion chamber of a turbine engine of a heat engine and the shell of a turbine.
Further, the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramics and the glass material and the application thereof, and the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramics and the glass material and the application thereof are covered on the steam chamber wall and/or the cylinder layer surface layer and/or the steam nozzle surface layer and/or the steel disc surface layer and/or the blade surface layer and/or the cylinder body surface layer and/or the steam conveying pipeline surface layer of the steam turbine.
Further, the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramic and the glass material and the application thereof are used for covering the surface of a cylinder sleeve of a piston engine of a generator and/or a shell of a turbocharging system component.
Further, the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramic and the glass material and the application thereof are used for the engine of a heat engine.
Further, the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramic and the glass material and the application thereof cover the surface of the shell of the turbocharging system component of the engine of the heat engine.
Further, the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramic and the glass material and the application thereof, and the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramic and the glass material and the application thereof are used for a cylinder cover and/or a piston pin and/or a connecting rod and/or an intake valve and/or an exhaust valve of a heat engine.
Further, the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramic and the glass material and the application thereof, and the double-layer composition of the silicon nitride ceramic and the glass material and the application thereof are used for tubular materials in high-temperature environments.
Of course, there are many other embodiments of the present invention and the application of the present invention, and those skilled in the art will be able to obtain other embodiments without any inventive work based on the embodiments, and all such embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. Use in an engine of a two-layer composition of a silicon nitride ceramic and a glass material, characterized in that the inner layer is a layer of silicon nitride ceramic material in contact with the piston, having a thermal expansion coefficient equal to or lower than 5(× 10 "6/° c) from 0-40 ℃ up to 900 ℃; the outer layer is a glass material layer coated with a silicon nitride ceramic material layer and has a thermal conductivity of less than 5w/[ (m.K)]Thermal diffusivity less than 5mm2(ii)/S, which has a thermal expansion coefficient of 8 (x 10-6/° C) or less from 0-40 ℃ to 800 ℃, a softening point temperature of > 800 ℃, and which has an alumina content of 1-46%, a magnesia content of 0-15%, a silica content of 30-82%, a calcium oxide content of 0-15%, and a boron oxide content of 0-15% by weight.
2. Use of a bilayer composition of silicon nitride ceramic and glass material in an engine according to claim 1 wherein the inner layer is a layer of silicon nitride ceramic material in contact with the piston having a thermal expansion rate from 0-40 ℃ up to 1200 ℃ equal to or less than 6(× 10 "6/° c).
3. The use of a bilayer composition of a silicon nitride ceramic and a glass material in an engine according to claim 1 wherein the glass material layer surrounding the silicon nitride ceramic material layer has a thermal conductivity of less than 4w/[ (m.k)]Thermal diffusivity less than 4mm2(ii)/S having a thermal expansion rate of 8 (x 10-6/° C) or less, increasing from 0-40 ℃ to 1000 ℃, and a softening point temperature > 1000 ℃.
4. Use of the bilayer composition of silicon nitride ceramic and glass material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in an engine, characterized in that it is used in the cylinder liners of vehicle engines, marine engines, engine-type piston aircraft engines, engineering machinery engines, fuel generators.
5. Use of the bilayer composition of silicon nitride ceramic and glass material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in an engine, wherein said bilayer composition of silicon nitride ceramic and glass material is applied to the surface of the outer shell of a combustion chamber and a turbine of a thermal-mechanical turbine engine.
6. Use of the two-layer composition of silicon nitride ceramic and glass material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in engines, characterized in that the two-layer composition of silicon nitride ceramic and glass material and its use are applied to the steam chamber wall and/or cylinder layer surface and/or steam nozzle surface and/or steel disc surface and/or blade surface and/or cylinder surface and/or steam delivery pipe surface of a steam turbine.
7. Use of a bilayer composition of a silicon nitride ceramic and a glass material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in an engine, wherein the bilayer composition of a silicon nitride ceramic and a glass material is applied to a surface of a cylinder liner of a piston engine of an electric generator and/or a housing of a turbocharger system component.
8. Use of the bilayer composition of silicon nitride ceramic and glass material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in an engine, wherein the bilayer composition of silicon nitride ceramic and glass material is used in a heat engine type engine.
9. Use of a bilayer composition of a silicon nitride ceramic and a glass material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in an engine, wherein the bilayer composition of a silicon nitride ceramic and a glass material is applied to a surface of a housing of a turbocharger system component of an engine of the thermal engine type.
10. Use of the double-layer composition of silicon nitride ceramic and glass material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in an engine, characterized in that it is used in a cylinder head and/or a piston pin and/or a connecting rod and/or an intake valve and/or an exhaust valve of a heat engine type engine.
11. Use of the bilayer composition of silicon nitride ceramic and glass material according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in an engine, wherein the bilayer composition of silicon nitride ceramic and glass material is used in a tubular material for high temperature environments.
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