CN112145304A - Vehicle with high heat utilization rate - Google Patents
Vehicle with high heat utilization rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN112145304A CN112145304A CN202010968954.7A CN202010968954A CN112145304A CN 112145304 A CN112145304 A CN 112145304A CN 202010968954 A CN202010968954 A CN 202010968954A CN 112145304 A CN112145304 A CN 112145304A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/003—Pressing by means acting upon the material via flexible mould wall parts, e.g. by means of inflatable cores, isostatic presses
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/004—Cylinder liners
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
A vehicle with high heat utilization rate comprises an engine, a chassis, a vehicle body and electrical equipment, and is characterized in that: cylinder liners for vehicle engines are made of a non-metallic material manufactured by an isostatic pressing process; a cylinder block of a vehicle engine is made of a metal material.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a vehicle with high heat energy utilization rate, belonging to the following technical field: the technical field of automobiles, in particular to the technical field of cylinder bodies and cylinder sleeves of vehicle engines. Also relates to the technical field of engineering machinery vehicles and agricultural machinery vehicles.
Background
Background art 1. of the world science and technology front: the technical field of automobiles, in particular to the technical field of cylinder bodies and cylinder sleeves of vehicle engines. In the technical field of engineering machinery vehicles and agricultural machinery vehicles, the cylinder sleeve adopts high-strength alloy steel metal materials or cast iron materials in the prior art (cast iron and aluminum alloy engine cylinder bodies and cylinder sleeve materials).
The technical performance defects of the high-strength alloy steel metal material or the cast iron material are as follows: 1. the thermal expansion rate at the temperature of 350-450 ℃ is more than 10 (multiplied by 10 < -6 >/DEG C), and when the temperature is higher than 350-450 ℃, the thermal expansion is multiplied, so that the engine cylinder can only bear the instantaneous high temperature, and cannot bear the high temperature of 800-1100 ℃ for a long time, otherwise, the cylinder sleeve generates large deformation to damage the engine. 2. Therefore, the traditional engine cylinder sleeve must be lower than the cast iron limit deformation point of 350-450 ℃; therefore, a high-speed cooling liquid circulation system must be used, which wastes heat. 3. Because of traditional engine cylinder sleeve and engine cylinder body, heat loss is too much, and energy loss is too much. Therefore, the heat energy utilization rate can only be 35% -40%, which is a technical problem that the traditional engine cylinder sleeve and the engine cylinder are heavy. 4. And the high-strength alloy steel metal material or the cast iron material is not good in hardness and wear resistance, and is also inferior to the ceramic material in corrosion resistance, chemical resistance and cold and hot temperature difference change resistance.
The advantages of background art 2 (ceramic engine block) are:
the advantages are that 1, the alloy can bear 1300 ℃ high temperature without deformation;
the alloy steel has the advantages that 2, the alloy steel is greatly superior to a high-strength alloy steel metal material or a cast iron material in corrosion-resistant chemical performance and cold and hot temperature difference change resistance;
such as: in 1990, the first non-water-cooled silicon nitride ceramic engine in Shanghai of China has a gas inlet temperature of 1200 ℃. The fuel consumption efficiency is 213.56g/km.h, which is far lower than 380g/km.h of the current 1.5L direct injection engine and is reduced by 80 percent. Namely, the heat energy utilization rate is increased by 32 percent compared with 38 percent of the traditional metal 1.5L direct injection engine, and the heat energy utilization rate of the ceramic engine reaches 70 percent.
One of the fundamental difficulties of (ceramic engine block) is:
A. functional ceramic materials cannot be produced (ceramic engine blocks) by (molten) (casting process of cast iron or die casting process of aluminum alloy). And B, (the functional ceramic engine cylinder block material) has the molding temperature of about 1700 ℃, and during the high-temperature molding production of ceramic products, the ceramic products have large deformation, are trimmed into standard sizes, have extremely high cost, and cannot realize industrial large-scale standardized production (for the ceramic engine cylinder block with extremely complex shape).
The second of the fundamental problems of (ceramic engine block) is:
the toughness is poor and far inferior to that of metal materials, and the automobile has a risk of cracking due to a large pit of a road surface.
(ceramic engine block) the three fundamental challenges are:
the heat insulation performance is poor, and the general thermal conductivity reaches more than 30-60/[ (m.K) ]. The engine also loses heat and does not maximize heat utilization.
The fourth problem underlying the ceramic engine block is: due to the problems of the manufacturing process, even if the cylinder body is formed, dozens of cylinder bodies are successfully formed, so that the complicated cooling liquid system cannot be manufactured. The external temperature of the (ceramic engine cylinder) is very high, and the safety of the vehicle is not convenient to control as compared with the metal engine cylinder with a cooling liquid system in terms of vehicle safety.
Background 5. prior art of the prior art: 1. a conventional metal material; 2. a functional ceramic material; 3. a glass material; 4. the microcrystalline glass ceramic material and the like cannot simultaneously have the following 8 technical characteristics:
1. cannot simultaneously have high temperature resistance; 2. cannot simultaneously have high strength performance; 3. the performance of adapting to temperature change of rapid cooling and rapid heating cannot be achieved at the same time; 4. cannot simultaneously have low thermal expansion performance; 5. the excellent thermal insulation properties of suitably controllable low thermal conductivity 2-3/[ (m.k) ] cannot be achieved at the same time; 6. the glass phase material in the microcrystalline glass does not have the ultrahigh strength (of the international centre glass technology) at present; 7. the glass material in the glass ceramics does not have the softening point property of 1000-1300 ℃; 8. the crystalline phase ceramics in the glass material in the glass ceramics can not have ceramics such as silicon nitride, alumina or zirconia, and the like, and have the material properties of extremely high abrasion resistance, strength and hardness.
The glass ceramic material cylinder sleeve of the engine, which is made of the non-metal material and manufactured by the isostatic pressing process of the vehicle with high heat energy utilization rate, can simultaneously have the 8 technical characteristics, and can be used for high-quality large-scale production under the appropriate technical conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
A vehicle with high heat utilization rate comprises an engine, a chassis, a vehicle body and electrical equipment, and is characterized in that: cylinder liners for vehicle engines are made of a non-metallic material manufactured by an isostatic pressing process; a cylinder block of a vehicle engine is made of a metal material.
A vehicle having high heat utilization efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cylinder liner of vehicle engine is a structure (glass-ceramic material) made by isostatic pressing process and made up by using glass material to bind and wrap ceramic powder particles.
A vehicle having high heat utilization efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: the softening point of the glass material which is wrapped with ceramic powder particles in the cylinder sleeve of the vehicle engine is 800-1300 ℃; the glass material had a thermal expansion coefficient of 3.3 (x 10) at 300 ℃-6/℃)--9.9(×10-6/℃。
A vehicle having high heat utilization efficiency according to claim 1, a cylinder liner of a vehicle engine thereof being characterized in that: the non-metal ceramic material for cylinder jacket of vehicle engine is a silicon nitride ceramic material made by isostatic pressing process.
A vehicle having high heat utilization efficiency according to claim 1, a cylinder liner of a vehicle engine thereof being characterized in that: the non-metal ceramic material for cylinder sleeve of vehicle engine is a silicon oxide ceramic material made by isostatic pressing process.
A vehicle having high heat utilization efficiency according to claim 1, a cylinder liner of a vehicle engine thereof being characterized in that: the cylinder liner for vehicle engine is made up of one layer of non-metal ceramic material prepared by isostatic pressing and another layer of non-metal (glass-ceramic material) prepared by isostatic pressing, and the glass material is bound with ceramic powder particles.
A vehicle having high heat utilization efficiency according to claim 1, a cylinder liner of a vehicle engine thereof being characterized in that: the cylinder sleeve of the vehicle engine is made of a non-metal ceramic material layer manufactured by an isostatic pressing process, and is also added with another sleeve layer made of a metal material, and the round surface of the sleeve is provided with a heat insulation material coating.
A vehicle having high heat utilization efficiency according to claim 1, a cylinder liner of a vehicle engine thereof being characterized in that: the cylinder liner for vehicle engine is made up by using an isostatic pressing process, and is characterized by that it is made up by using non-metal (glass-ceramic material) whose glass material is cohered and covered with ceramic powder, and adding another layer of metal material sleeve layer, and the circular surface of said sleeve layer is coated with a heat-insulating material.
A manufacturing process method of a non-metallic material cylinder sleeve of a vehicle engine of a vehicle with high heat utilization rate comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing needed non-metallic material ceramic powder particles, and carrying out a vacuum-pumping process, an isostatic pressing device and a heating sintering device.
One of the following is selected:
preparing glass powder particles; (the glass powder particles are glass formed by melting and homogenizing various raw materials of predetermined glass), and are formed into glass powder particles by crushing and fine grinding; mixing the ceramic powder material and the glass powder material, adding 1-5% of organic bonding material, and placing into a forming die with a certain (shrinkage ratio) in a well-calculated method;
vacuumizing the material in the forming die; then, an isostatic pressing process is adopted, so that the ceramic powder particle material and the glass powder particle material in the forming die are bonded by the organic bonding material in a vacuum state, and a preset semi-finished product with the required shape of the die is manufactured under the high pressure of isostatic pressing;
placing the molded semi-finished product of the material into a heating device, heating, sintering and preserving heat to volatilize the organic binding material at high temperature; the key point is that: 1. softening the glass powder material under the process conditions of well controlled sintering temperature and well controlled sintering time to achieve the process purpose of bonding and wrapping the glass material with ceramic powder; 2. after cooling, a semi-finished product of a cylinder sleeve of a vehicle engine with high heat energy utilization rate is obtained; 3. and then grinding and polishing are carried out, thus obtaining the non-metal (glass ceramic) cylinder sleeve of the vehicle engine with high heat utilization rate.
Selecting two:
preparing a non-metal ceramic powder material, mixing the non-metal ceramic powder material with different sintering aids in a certain proportion according to the process requirements of different non-metal ceramic materials, adding 1-5% of an organic bonding material, and placing the organic bonding material into a forming die in a certain (shrinkage proportion) method which is well calculated;
vacuumizing the material in the forming die; then, an isostatic pressing process is adopted, so that ceramic powder materials in the forming die are mixed with different sintering aids (according to the process requirements of different non-metal ceramic materials and a certain proportion), and under the vacuum state, the semi-finished product with the preset requirements on the shape of the die is prepared by the adhesion of organic bonding materials under the high pressure of isostatic pressing;
placing the formed semi-finished product of the material into a heating device, heating, sintering and preserving heat according to different process requirements of the non-metal ceramic material, so that the organic binding material is volatilized at high temperature, and the process aim of sintering and forming the non-metal ceramic is fulfilled; obtaining a semi-finished product of the non-metallic ceramic cylinder sleeve of the vehicle engine after cooling; and then grinding and polishing are carried out, thus obtaining the non-metallic ceramic cylinder sleeve of the vehicle engine.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a vehicle having high heat utilization efficiency in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a metal engine [ with coolant cooling device ] of a vehicle with high heat utilization efficiency according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a cylinder liner of a non-metallic material of a metal engine of a vehicle having high heat utilization efficiency according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a view of a vehicle of the present invention with high heat utilization: a non-metallic (glass-ceramic) cylinder jacket layer [ 7 ] is formed by bonding a glass material coated with ceramic powder and prepared by isostatic pressing. And another jacket layer [ shown by reference numeral 9 ] of a metal material coated with a heat insulating material [ shown by reference numeral 10 ]. And [ 11 ] (with coolant cooling device), the structural position between the three is shown schematically.
Fig. 5 is a cylinder liner of non-metallic (ceramic) material [ designated 8] manufactured by an isostatic pressing process for a vehicle having high heat utilization efficiency according to the present invention. And another cylinder jacket layer made of glass material [ 7 ] produced by an isostatic pressing process, which is non-metal (glass-ceramic material) and is wrapped with ceramic powder. And [ 11 ] (with coolant cooling device) metal engine block layer. The cross-section of the structural position among the three is shown schematically.
reference numeral 5, which denotes an inner wall of the cylinder liner;
reference numeral 11, a metal engine block layer (having a coolant temperature reducing device);
Detailed Description
In the present specification, the contents of the various components in the glass are in weight percent.
Examples
The invention relates to a vehicle with high heat utilization rate, which comprises the following components in an embodiment 1:
example 1 of the invention: technical structure of engine cylinder liner (glass-ceramic material). And 2. metal engine block with coolant system of traditional automobile. The invention is different from the following two changes of element relationship and position: 1. the metal material of traditional engine's cylinder jacket. And 2. metal engine block with coolant system of traditional automobile. The conventional prior art element relationships and locations of the two. Is a new embodiment innovation, [ is an embodiment with the features of claim 2 ]:
1. the automobile metal material engine cylinder body is provided with a cooling liquid system; 2. cylinder liner for vehicle engine is made up by using isostatic pressing process and glass material to bind and wrap silicon nitride or aluminium oxide or silicon oxide ceramic]Non-metallic (glass-ceramic material) of powder particles, [ is an embodiment having the features of claim 2]](ii) a 3. The softening point of the nonmetal (glass ceramic material) which is bonded and wrapped with the ceramic powder particles is 1100 ℃; 4. the glass material has a thermal expansion coefficient of 6.5 (x 10) at 1100 deg.C-6/° c); (glass-ceramic material) engine cylinder liner has good heat insulation, thermal conductivity/[ (m.K)]Only 1-2; the (glass ceramic material) engine cylinder sleeve can bear the high temperature of 1000 ℃ for a long time and has good performance of bearing cold and hot changes. .
A. The glass ceramic cylinder sleeve element retains the properties of long-term high temperature resistance of 1000-1200 ℃, rapid cooling and heating resistance, low thermal expansion rate, high-temperature strength, toughness, wear resistance and the like of the ceramic material. Because the thermal conductivity (of the glass ceramic cylinder sleeve element of the invention) is only 1-2/[ (m.K) ], the glass ceramic cylinder sleeve has the thermal insulation property which is dozens of times stronger.
Therefore, the (glass ceramic material) engine cylinder sleeve can overcome the difficulty that the traditional metal engine cylinder sleeve and an engine cylinder body cause the limit deformation point 350 and 450 ℃ of the cylinder body and the cylinder sleeve to exceed the limit deformation point which can generate large deformation and cause the damage of an engine. The engine can overcome the difficulty that the metal material with high thermal conductivity (reaching 50-100/(m.K)) is required to be adopted in the traditional engine, and a cooling liquid system is added, so that the metal material of the engine is lower than 200-300 ℃, the safety purpose of protecting the engine is achieved, but the heat is wasted, and only the heat utilization rate is 35-38%.
Therefore, 2, because of the (element of the glass ceramic cylinder sleeve of the invention), the defects of the prior art, such as the performance of (silicon nitride ceramic engine with thermal conductivity of 30-60/[ (m.K) ] in Shanghai, Japan and Europe, that the heat energy of the engine is quickly taken away, the heat energy of the engine is lost, and the maximum heat energy utilization rate can only reach the level of 70 percent.
B. Because the glass ceramic cylinder sleeve element of the invention can keep more heat energy converted into kinetic energy and can also overcome the problem that the traditional metal engine cylinder sleeve dissipates heat too fast.
Therefore, the heat energy utilization rate can be more than 70 percent of that of the prior art (the heat conductivity is 30-60/[ (m.K) ]) such as (silicon nitride ceramic engine) of Shanghai, Japan and Europe, and the technical effect of the heat energy utilization rate is more than 80-85 percent better. The technical effect of the rising to a higher level is aimed (equivalent to the traditional metal engine structure, if a tank of oil can run for 600 kilometers, the engine structure of the invention can run for more than 1200 kilometers).
And the heat energy benefit rate is increased from 35-38% to 80-85%, so that the fuel is fully combusted, and the harmful gas discharged by the automobile is greatly reduced. Can form the environmental protection standard of higher level automobile emission.
C. Because of the change of the new structural relationship of the element relationship of the (invention glass ceramic cylinder sleeve element) and the traditional metal engine block element.
Therefore, the problem that the traditional ceramic engine (which is poor in toughness and far inferior to a metal material and has a risk of cracking in an automobile due to a large pit on a road surface) can be solved.
D. Because of the change of the new structural relationship of the element relationship of the (invention glass ceramic cylinder sleeve element) and the traditional metal engine block element.
Therefore, the heat insulation material can overcome the defects of the traditional ceramic engine (the heat insulation performance is poor, and the general thermal conductivity reaches more than 30-60/[ (m.K) ]). The engine also can cause heat loss, and the heat energy utilization can not be maximized.
E. Because of the change in the new structural relationship between the elements of the glass ceramic cylinder liner of the present invention and the elements of the conventional metal engine block and the coolant system.
Therefore, the engine can overcome the problems that the traditional ceramic engine has high external temperature and is not as convenient to control the safety of the vehicle as a metal engine cylinder body with a cooling liquid system in the aspect of vehicle safety.
F. In the glass ceramic cylinder liner element of the invention, the cylinder liner of the vehicle engine is manufactured by an isostatic pressing process, and the glass material is bonded and wrapped by the nonmetal (glass ceramic material) of silicon nitride or aluminum oxide or silicon oxide ceramic powder particles.
Therefore, the defects of the traditional background art 3. the microcrystalline glass are as follows: it is a product developed from crystal nucleus growth of glass under a certain temperature condition to crystal, and can not produce crystal with high wear resistance, strength and hardness, such as silicon nitride, silicon oxide and aluminium oxide. But because the structure is similar to that of microcrystalline glass, the glass ceramic has the following advantages: when the crack is generated by external force, the crack can be stopped because the crack is blocked between the crystal and the glass, so that the crack resistance strength is high; [ the crack resistance of the glass is low because the cracks are not blocked in the glass ].
F. In the glass ceramic cylinder liner element of the invention, the cylinder liner of the vehicle engine is manufactured by an isostatic pressing process, and the glass material is bonded and wrapped by the nonmetal (glass ceramic material) of silicon nitride or aluminum oxide or silicon oxide ceramic powder particles.
G. In the glass ceramic cylinder liner element of the invention, the cylinder liner of the vehicle engine is manufactured by an isostatic pressing process, and the glass material is bonded and wrapped by the nonmetal (glass ceramic material) of silicon nitride or aluminum oxide or silicon oxide ceramic powder particles.
Therefore, the prior conventional technology of the conventional background art can be overcome: 1. a conventional metal material; 2. a functional ceramic material; 3. a glass material; 4. the microcrystalline glass ceramic material and the like cannot simultaneously have the following difficulties of 8 technical characteristics:
1. cannot simultaneously have high temperature resistance; 2. cannot simultaneously have high strength performance; 3. the performance of adapting to temperature change of rapid cooling and rapid heating cannot be achieved at the same time; 4. cannot simultaneously have low thermal expansion performance; 5. the excellent thermal insulation properties of suitably controllable low thermal conductivity 2-3/[ (m.k) ] cannot be achieved at the same time; 6. the glass phase material in the microcrystalline glass does not have the ultrahigh strength (of the international centre glass technology) at present; 7. the glass material in the glass ceramics does not have the softening point property of 1000-1300 ℃; 8. the crystalline phase ceramics in the glass material in the glass ceramics can not have ceramics such as silicon nitride, alumina or zirconia, and the like, and have the material properties of extremely high abrasion resistance, strength and hardness.
The glass ceramic material cylinder sleeve of the engine, which is made of the non-metal material and manufactured by the isostatic pressing process of the vehicle with high heat energy utilization rate, can simultaneously have the 8 technical characteristics, and can be used for high-quality large-scale production under the appropriate technical conditions.
Because of the above points, a vehicle with high heat utilization efficiency of the present invention can be formed, the 1 st embodiment [ is an embodiment with the features of claim 2], a new trend of the development direction of the vehicle with high heat utilization efficiency of the present invention can be formed (i.e. the traditional trend of pursuing high thermal conductivity of engine materials for engine safety because the limit transformation point of metal materials is too low), and the invention can be changed into (the invention of the change of the technical element relationship and position of the materials of the present invention, because the selected non-metal materials can have much higher transformation point temperature, strength and toughness and wear resistance for cold and hot change, and thermal insulation with low thermal conductivity), so a new trend of the development of engine materials with low thermal conductivity can be formed, so that the heat utilization efficiency can be from 35% -38% of the traditional engine, and the heat utilization efficiency of the covering performance is 80-85%, or the technical effect target of rising to a higher level (equivalent to the traditional metal engine structure, if a tank of oil can run for 600 kilometers, the engine structure of the invention can run for more than 1200 kilometers), and the technical effect which cannot be expected is generated.
And the heat energy benefit rate is increased from 35-38% to 80-85%, so that the fuel is fully combusted, and the harmful gas discharged by the automobile is greatly reduced. Can form the environmental protection standard of higher level automobile emission.
The invention relates to a vehicle with high heat utilization rate, and a 2 nd embodiment:
this embodiment 2, using the features of claims 2 and 8 [ as shown in fig. 4 of the description ] an innovative change in the relationship and position of the technical elements: [1] the cylinder sleeve is made by an isostatic pressing process, a glass material is bonded and wrapped with a (glass ceramic material) cylinder sleeve of silicon nitride or aluminum oxide or silicon oxide ceramic powder particles, and a (2) cylinder sleeve is positioned between an automobile metal material engine cylinder body which is directly and closely attached (provided with a cooling liquid cooling device) for a long time and is kept at about 200 ℃ for a long time, and a (3) other sleeve layer of a metal material is added, and a heat insulation material coating is arranged on the circular surface of the sleeve.
The technical effects are as follows: [1] the structure of the new technology of the (glass ceramic material) cylinder sleeve is that the inner surface is in high-temperature flame, so that the cylinder sleeve is maintained at 700-1000 ℃ for a long time; [2] and the thermal conductivity of the (glass ceramic material) cylinder sleeve is only 1/(m.K), so that the thermal insulation effect is good. Although the (glass ceramic material) engine cylinder sleeve can bear the high temperature of 1000 ℃ for a long time, the (glass ceramic material) engine cylinder sleeve also has good performance of bearing cold and hot changes. [3] If the outer layer surface of the (glass ceramic material) cylinder sleeve is directly and closely attached to the (cooling liquid cooling device) automobile metal material engine cylinder body (kept at about 200 ℃ for a long time). There is a problem that the temperature difference between both surfaces of the (glass ceramic material) cylinder liner is large, so that the cylinder liner is easily deformed or the service life is reduced. [4] The present embodiment 2, using the features of claim 8 [ as shown in fig. 4 of the specification ], is an innovative change in relation and position of technical elements: [1] the cylinder sleeve is manufactured by an isostatic pressing process, a glass material is bonded between a non-metal (silicon nitride or aluminum oxide or silicon oxide ceramic) powder particle (glass ceramic material) cylinder sleeve wrapping ceramic powder particles, and a (2) automobile metal material engine cylinder body (kept at about 200 ℃ for a long time) with a cooling device for cooling liquid, and a (3) sleeve of metal material with a heat-insulating material coating layer on the circular surface of the sleeve is added, the invention is innovative in the relationship of technical elements and the position, and the novel technology of the cylinder sleeve (glass ceramic material) can overcome the defect that the inner surface is in high-temperature flame, the cylinder sleeve (kept at 700 ℃ for a long time and 1000 ℃) is enabled to be tightly contacted with cooling water, and the cylinder sleeve (glass ceramic material) at the middle position is easy to deform under the state that the metal engine cylinder body is cooled to 200 ℃ for a long time, or reduce the problem of service life.
And because of the actual effect of the heat insulation performance: in addition to 1. the low thermal conductivity properties of the material itself; 2. and also the thickness of the material; 3. and the degree of intimate contact with other materials. Therefore, in: [1] the cylinder sleeve is made by an isostatic pressing process, and a glass material is bonded with a (glass ceramic material) cylinder sleeve of nonmetal (silicon nitride or aluminum oxide or silicon oxide ceramic) powder particles wrapping ceramic powder particles; and [2] the engine cylinder body is positioned between the engine cylinder bodies of the automobile metal materials which are directly and closely attached (provided with a cooling liquid cooling device) for a long time and are kept at about 200 ℃ for a long time; [3] a sleeve made of metal material and provided with a layer of heat-insulating material coating on the round surface of the sleeve is also added; the precision of the machining of the contact surfaces between these three different types of structures is very important.
Therefore, although the (glass ceramic material) has the property of resisting rapid cooling and rapid heating, the technical element with the characteristics of the (claim 2 and the (claim 8)) is changed innovatively by arranging a (temperature transition effect) sleeve layer of the metal material with a heat insulation material coating on the circular surface of the sleeve between the (glass ceramic material) cylinder sleeve which is tightly contacted with the (glass ceramic material) cylinder sleeve with a cooling liquid cooling device and is kept at 700-. As shown in figure 4 in the specification, the cylinder sleeve (made of glass ceramic material) with the inner surface exposed to high-temperature flame enables the temperature of the cylinder sleeve (kept at 700 ℃ for a long time and 1000 ℃) to pass through the metal material (the circular surface of the sleeve is provided with a layer of heat-insulating material coating), not directly contact with the automobile metal material engine block (with a cooling liquid cooling device) (kept at 200 ℃ for a long time), but can gradually reduce and conduct the heat energy temperature to the automobile metal material engine block (with the cooling liquid cooling device) (kept at 200 ℃ for a long time) through the sleeve layer of the metal material (with the layer of heat-insulating material coating). The inner side surface of the cylinder sleeve (glass ceramic material) close to the flame of the cylinder body and the metal engine cylinder body (cooled to 200 ℃ because of the action of the cooling liquid) are not directly connected, and the problems of easy deformation or reduction of service life caused by large temperature difference between the two surfaces of the cylinder sleeve (glass ceramic material) are avoided.
But also can play the role that the heat conductivity of the (glass ceramic material) engine cylinder sleeve is only 1-2/[ (m.K) ], and the heat insulation property is dozens of times stronger, so that more heat energy can be kept to be converted into kinetic energy, and the problem that the traditional metal engine cylinder sleeve is too fast in heat dissipation can be solved. A new trend in technology for forming engine materials having low thermal conductivity is being developed. Therefore, the heat energy utilization rate can be increased from 35% to 38% of the traditional engine, and the repeated heat energy utilization rate is increased to 80-85%, or the technical effect target is increased to a higher level. The technical effect that the materials cannot be fed is generated (the structure is equivalent to the structure of a traditional metal engine, if a tank of oil can run for 600 kilometers, the structure of the engine can run for more than 1200 kilometers).
And the heat energy benefit rate is increased from 35-38% to 80-85%, so that the fuel is fully combusted, and the harmful gas discharged by the automobile is greatly reduced. Can form the environmental protection standard of higher level automobile emission.
The invention relates to a vehicle with high heat utilization rate, and a 3 rd embodiment:
this embodiment is the embodiment [ as shown in fig. 5 in the specification ] having the features of [ claim 4.6 ]. The innermost layer of the cylinder liner of the vehicle engine is a non-metal silicon nitride ceramic cylinder liner (the thermal conductivity of the structural ceramic is higher and is 25-30/(m.K)) which is manufactured by an isostatic pressing process (A); and B, another outer layer, a non-metal (glass ceramic material) cylinder sleeve which is made of glass material manufactured by an isostatic pressing process and is bonded and wrapped with [ silicon nitride or aluminum oxide or silicon oxide ceramic ] powder particles (the thermal conductivity of the glass ceramic is very low and is 1-2/(m.K)); an automobile metal material engine cylinder body (with a cooling liquid cooling device); these 3 layers of material are combined.
1. In the cylinder sleeve of the external layer of vehicle engine a layer of silicon nitride or aluminium oxide or silicon oxide ceramic is cohesively wrapped]The softening point of the powder particles (glass material) is 1100 ℃, the powder particles can bear the high temperature of 1000 ℃ for a long time, and the powder particles have good performance of bearing cold and heat changes; 2. the glass material has a thermal expansion coefficient of 6.5 (x 10) at 1100 deg.C-6/° c); 3. the cylinder liner of the outer layer of the engine (glass-ceramic material) has good heat insulation, thermal conductivity/[ (m.K)]Only 1-2; [ in the two-layer cylinder liner of the engine, inner-layer]Nonmetal cylinder jacket also has the high temperature of bearing 1000 ℃ for a long time, has the performance of fine bearing cold and hot change again, and the high wearability performance.
The invention relates to a vehicle with high heat utilization rate, and the embodiment 3 is particularly suitable for a large vehicle engine with a large cylinder diameter and large displacement.
The invention relates to a technical structure of a two-layer non-metal material (technical structure of an engine cylinder sleeve) of a vehicle engine, which is different from the technical structure of a cylinder sleeve which only has one layer of metal material of a traditional engine. Is (innovation of the change of element relation and position).
So 1: particularly, the thermal conductivity of the traditional metal engine cylinder sleeve/[ (m.K) ] is 50-120, and the heat energy of the engine can be quickly taken away; the heat conductivity of the (glass ceramic material) engine cylinder sleeve (which is positioned in the two-layer cylinder sleeve of the engine and is positioned at the outer layer) is only 1-2/[ (m.K) ], and the heat insulation property is dozens of times stronger, so that the heat energy of the (non-metal silicon nitride ceramic cylinder sleeve which is positioned at the inner layer) and has the heat conductivity of 25-30/[ (m.K) can be kept from being dissipated, the problem of too fast heat dissipation can be overcome, and the heat energy is converted into kinetic energy more. The technical scheme of the double-layer cylinder sleeve [ as shown in figure 5 in the specification ] with the content characteristics of [ claim 4.6] has higher strength and better heat insulation performance, and is particularly suitable for large-scale vehicle engines with larger cylinder diameters and larger exhaust gas quantity.
Because of the actual effect of the insulating properties: in addition to 1. the low thermal conductivity properties of the material itself; 2. and also the thickness of the material; 3. and the degree of intimate contact with other materials. The accuracy of the machining of the contact surface between the two different cylinder liners and the more outer layer of the vehicle engine block is very important.
So 2: the engine cylinder sleeve (made of glass ceramic material) positioned on the outer layer has the softening point of 1100 ℃, and can bear the high temperature of 1000 ℃ for a long time; the engine cylinder sleeve can overcome the difficulty that the traditional metal engine cylinder sleeve and the engine cylinder body cause the limit deformation point 350 and 450 ℃ of the cylinder body and the cylinder sleeve to exceed the limit deformation point which can generate large deformation and cause the damage of the engine. The invention can overcome the problem that the traditional engine must adopt a metal material with high thermal conductivity (up to 50-100/(m.K)) and a cooling liquid system, so that the cylinder body of the metal material of the engine is lower than 200-. The method can overcome the historical difficulty that the heat energy utilization rate of the traditional engine is only 35-40%.
So 3: through a very innovative change between functional grouping and cross-working of features of technical elements: 1. the technological parameter scheme of the optimal balance point between the cooling liquid control to lower the temperature of the engine and the heat energy conversion effect can be accurately established. 2. After the temperature of the fuel gas inlet is increased to 1100-. Therefore, the heat energy utilization rate can be increased from 35% to 40% of that of the traditional engine, the repeated heat energy utilization rate is 80-85%, or the technical effect target is increased to a higher level (the structure is equivalent to that of the traditional metal engine, if a tank of oil can run for 600 kilometers, the engine structure can run for more than 1200 kilometers).
Because of the above 3 points, the present invention is a vehicle with high heat utilization efficiency, and the 3 rd embodiment can form a new trend of the development direction of the vehicle with high heat utilization efficiency of the present invention, (i.e. the traditional trend of pursuing high thermal conductivity of engine materials for engine safety because the limit deformation point of metal materials is too low), and then the invention changes into (the invention changes the technical element relationship and position of the invention, because the selected non-metal materials can have much higher deformation point temperature, strength and toughness and wear resistance suitable for cold and hot change, and thermal insulation with low thermal conductivity), so that a new trend of the technical development of engine materials with low thermal conductivity can be formed, so that the heat utilization efficiency can be increased from 35% -40% of the traditional engine, 80-85% of the heat utilization efficiency of the covering property, or to a technical effect target (equivalent to the structure of the traditional metal engine, if a tank of oil can run for 600 km, the engine structure of the invention can run for more than 1200 km). Producing technical effects which cannot be expected.
And the heat energy benefit rate is increased from 35-38% to 80-85%, so that the fuel is fully combusted, and the harmful gas discharged by the automobile is greatly reduced. Can form the environmental protection standard of higher level automobile emission.
In summary, the following steps:
the invention relates to a vehicle with high heat energy utilization rate, which is an invention of technical element relationship and position change. The functions of the various above-mentioned technical element relationships and the position change elements intersect, and unexpected technical effects can be produced.
The invention (a vehicle with high heat energy utilization rate) can form a novel trend of the development direction of the engine, namely the trend of seeking high heat conductivity of the engine material (namely the traditional trend of seeking high heat conductivity of the engine material because the limit deformation point of the metal material is too low for engine safety); after the method is changed (the invention changes the technical element relationship and the position of the material), the selected non-metallic material can have much higher deformation point temperature, and the properties of strength, toughness, wear resistance, heat insulation property with low heat conductivity and the like which are suitable for cold and hot changes). So that it can be formed (a new trend in the technological development of engine materials having low thermal conductivity).
Therefore (the vehicle with high heat utilization rate of the invention) can lead the heat utilization rate to be 35% -40% of that of the traditional engine, the repeated heat utilization rate to be 80-85%, or the technical effect target of rising to a higher level (equivalent to the structure of the traditional metal engine, if a box of oil can run for 600 kilometers, the engine structure of the invention can run for more than 1200 kilometers).
The invention has the advantages that the significant changes of the technical element relationship and the position change generate the function intersection and combination of various elements, and the technical effect which cannot be expected can be generated (the vehicle with high heat energy utilization rate).
Traditions for the world's scientific front: the invention can be used for driving the automobile, the engineering machinery vehicle, the agricultural machinery vehicle and the like in the history (the technical trend of cast iron and aluminum alloy engine cylinder bodies and cylinder sleeve materials).
The glass engine cylinder body can realize industrialized mass production by using a casting process, and can solve the problems that a ceramic engine is difficult to form and cannot be industrially produced. But also has the performance advantages of high temperature resistance, high strength and cold and heat change resistance of the ceramic material.
And (3) knotting:
the invention comprises the following steps: a vehicle with high heat utilization rate comprises an engine, a chassis, a vehicle body and electrical equipment, and is characterized in that: cylinder liners for vehicle engines are made of a non-metallic material manufactured by an isostatic pressing process; a cylinder block of a vehicle engine is made of a metal material. The great change of the relation and the position change of the technical elements generates the function intersection and combination of various elements, and the technical effect that the functions of automobiles, engineering machinery vehicles and agricultural machinery vehicles cannot be expected can be generated.
The significant changes of the interaction relations described in the specification are not the conventional means for solving the technical problem of the redetermination in the fields of automobiles, engineering machinery vehicles and agricultural machinery vehicles (in the fields of engine cylinder blocks and cylinder liners), nor the technical means for solving the technical problem of the redetermination disclosed in the technical book or the tool book and the like. And even less obvious to those skilled in the art.
As mentioned in the description, these solutions of the invention (a vehicle with high thermal energy utilization) are also impossible from the prior art: (vehicle engine blocks and cylinder liners, construction machinery engine blocks and cylinder liners, agricultural machinery engine blocks and cylinder liners), are obvious or invisible in the art of materials.
The technical solutions of the invention described in the description, a vehicle with high heat energy utilization efficiency, as well as the known physicochemical properties and the structures, compositions and molecular weights of the various (prior art) solutions of automobiles, construction machinery vehicles and agricultural machinery vehicles, as well as the prior art uses of the products, will not be obvious or inconspicuous.
The present invention (a vehicle with high heat energy utilization rate) has the significant changes of the element relationship, and has the functions of various elements crossed and combined, and various technical effects which can not be obtained by materials. And even less obvious to those skilled in the art.
The invention (a vehicle with high heat utilization rate) can greatly exceed 35% -38% of heat utilization rate of the traditional metal engine technology in the industrial fields of automobiles, engineering machinery vehicles, agricultural machinery vehicles and the like, can realize the technical effect target of the heat utilization rate of 80-85% or higher (equivalent to the structure of the traditional metal engine, if one tank of oil can run for 600 kilometers, the engine structure can run for more than 1200 kilometers), and has the technical effect that the material cannot be supplied.
And the heat energy benefit rate is increased from 35-38% to 80-85%, so that the fuel is fully combusted, and the harmful gas discharged by the automobile is greatly reduced. Can form the environmental protection standard of higher level automobile emission.
The invention (a vehicle with high heat utilization rate) having the characteristic of the invention of changing element relationship is creative and has remarkable progress.
In addition, as long as any one of the above-described various technical problems in the industrial fields of automobiles, construction machinery vehicles, agricultural machinery vehicles, and the like is solved, the various technical effects which cannot be expected by any one of the various technical means provided with different concepts can be considered to be creative and have significant progress (the element relation changing invention).
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, which is a vehicle with high heat efficiency, the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can make modifications and changes to the equivalent embodiment(s) of the present invention by using the above disclosure, and can implement the present invention (a vehicle with high heat efficiency) according to different requirements and performances.
It is understood that any simple modification, equivalent changes and modifications of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention will still fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, unless the contents of the technical solution of the present invention, especially the contents of the claims.
Claims (9)
1. A vehicle with high heat utilization rate comprises an engine, a chassis, a vehicle body and electrical equipment, and is characterized in that: cylinder liners for vehicle engines are made of a non-metallic material manufactured by an isostatic pressing process; a cylinder block of a vehicle engine is made of a metal material.
2. A vehicle having high heat utilization efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cylinder liner of vehicle engine is a structure (glass-ceramic material) made by isostatic pressing process and made up by using glass material to bind and wrap ceramic powder particles.
3. A vehicle having high heat utilization efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: the softening point of the glass material which is wrapped with ceramic powder particles in the cylinder sleeve of the vehicle engine is 800-1300 ℃; the glass material has a thermal expansion coefficient of 3.3 (x 10-6/DEG C) -9.9 (x 10) at 300 DEG C-6/℃)。
4. A vehicle having high heat utilization efficiency according to claim 1, a cylinder liner of a vehicle engine thereof being characterized in that: the non-metal ceramic material for cylinder jacket of vehicle engine is a silicon nitride ceramic material made by isostatic pressing process.
5. A vehicle having high heat utilization efficiency according to claim 1, a cylinder liner of a vehicle engine thereof being characterized in that: the non-metal ceramic material for cylinder sleeve of vehicle engine is a silicon oxide ceramic material made by isostatic pressing process.
6. A vehicle having high heat utilization efficiency according to claim 1, a cylinder liner of a vehicle engine thereof being characterized in that: the cylinder liner for vehicle engine is made up of one layer of non-metal ceramic material prepared by isostatic pressing and another layer of non-metal (glass-ceramic material) prepared by isostatic pressing, and the glass material is bound with ceramic powder particles.
7. A vehicle having high heat utilization efficiency according to claim 1, a cylinder liner of a vehicle engine thereof being characterized in that: the cylinder sleeve of the vehicle engine is made of a non-metal ceramic material layer manufactured by an isostatic pressing process, and is also added with another sleeve layer made of a metal material, and the round surface of the sleeve is provided with a heat insulation material coating.
8. A vehicle having high heat utilization efficiency according to claim 1, a cylinder liner of a vehicle engine thereof being characterized in that: the cylinder liner for vehicle engine is made up by using an isostatic pressing process, and is characterized by that it is made up by using non-metal (glass-ceramic material) whose glass material is cohered and covered with ceramic powder, and adding another layer of metal material sleeve layer, and the circular surface of said sleeve layer is coated with a heat-insulating material.
9. A manufacturing process method of a non-metallic material cylinder sleeve of a vehicle engine of a vehicle with high heat utilization rate comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preparing needed non-metallic material ceramic powder particles, and equipment for performing a vacuumizing process, isostatic pressing equipment and heating sintering equipment;
one of the following is selected:
preparing glass powder particles; (the glass powder particles are glass formed by melting and homogenizing various raw materials of predetermined glass), and are formed into glass powder particles by crushing and fine grinding; mixing the ceramic powder material and the glass powder material, adding 1-5% of organic bonding material, and placing into a forming die with a certain (shrinkage ratio) in a well-calculated method;
vacuumizing the material in the forming die; then, an isostatic pressing process is adopted, so that the ceramic powder particle material and the glass powder particle material in the forming die are bonded by the organic bonding material in a vacuum state, and a preset semi-finished product with the required shape of the die is manufactured under the high pressure of isostatic pressing;
placing the molded semi-finished product of the material into a heating device, heating, sintering and preserving heat to volatilize the organic binding material at high temperature; the key point is that: 1. softening the glass powder material under the process conditions of well controlled sintering temperature and well controlled sintering time to achieve the process purpose of bonding and wrapping the glass material with ceramic powder; 2. after cooling, a semi-finished product of a cylinder sleeve of a vehicle engine with high heat energy utilization rate is obtained; 3. then grinding and polishing are carried out to obtain a non-metal (glass ceramic) cylinder sleeve of the vehicle engine with high heat energy utilization rate;
selecting two:
preparing a non-metal ceramic powder material, mixing the non-metal ceramic powder material with different sintering aids in a certain proportion according to the process requirements of different non-metal ceramic materials, adding 1-5% of an organic bonding material, and placing the organic bonding material into a forming die in a certain (shrinkage proportion) method which is well calculated;
vacuumizing the material in the forming die; then, an isostatic pressing process is adopted, so that ceramic powder materials in the forming die are mixed with different sintering aids (according to the process requirements of different non-metal ceramic materials and a certain proportion), and under the vacuum state, the semi-finished product with the preset requirements on the shape of the die is prepared by the adhesion of organic bonding materials under the high pressure of isostatic pressing;
placing the formed semi-finished product of the material into a heating device, heating, sintering and preserving heat according to different process requirements of the non-metal ceramic material, so that the organic binding material is volatilized at high temperature, and the process aim of sintering and forming the non-metal ceramic is fulfilled; obtaining a semi-finished product of the non-metallic ceramic cylinder sleeve of the vehicle engine after cooling; and then grinding and polishing are carried out, thus obtaining the non-metallic ceramic cylinder sleeve of the vehicle engine.
Priority Applications (10)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010968954.7A CN112145304A (en) | 2020-09-15 | 2020-09-15 | Vehicle with high heat utilization rate |
| CN202011507153.7A CN112500172B (en) | 2020-05-11 | 2020-12-18 | Application of glass composite material with high softening point, low thermal expansion coefficient, high wear resistance and low thermal conductivity in engine gas turbine |
| PCT/CN2021/111675 WO2022057518A1 (en) | 2020-09-15 | 2021-08-10 | Use of glass composite material with high softening point, low thermal expansion coefficient, high wear resistance and low thermal conductivity in engine gas turbine |
| CN202111649910.9A CN114195524A (en) | 2020-09-15 | 2021-08-17 | Application of composite material of silicon nitride and ultra-high aluminum glass in engine |
| CN202110941235.0A CN113548900A (en) | 2020-09-15 | 2021-08-17 | Application of double-layer composition of silicon nitride ceramic and glass material in engine |
| CN202110941932.6A CN113429212A (en) | 2020-09-15 | 2021-08-17 | Application of silicon nitride glass composite material with low thermal diffusivity, low friction coefficient, low thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion in engine |
| CN202180035831.0A CN116194424A (en) | 2020-09-15 | 2021-09-06 | Application of double-layer composition of silicon nitride ceramic and glass material in engine |
| PCT/CN2021/116665 WO2022057653A1 (en) | 2020-09-15 | 2021-09-06 | Use of bilayer composition of silicon nitride ceramic material and glass material in engine |
| PCT/CN2021/116667 WO2022057654A1 (en) | 2020-09-15 | 2021-09-06 | Use of low-thermal-diffusivity low-frictional-coefficient low-thermal-conductivity low-thermal-expansion silicon nitride glass composite material in engine |
| CN202180033407.2A CN117120398A (en) | 2020-09-15 | 2021-09-06 | Silicon nitride glass composite material with low thermal diffusivity, low friction coefficient, low thermal conductivity and low thermal expansion coefficient and application thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010968954.7A CN112145304A (en) | 2020-09-15 | 2020-09-15 | Vehicle with high heat utilization rate |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112145304A true CN112145304A (en) | 2020-12-29 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010968954.7A Pending CN112145304A (en) | 2020-05-11 | 2020-09-15 | Vehicle with high heat utilization rate |
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| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN112145304A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114195524A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2022-03-18 | 深圳前海发维新材料科技有限公司 | Application of composite material of silicon nitride and ultra-high aluminum glass in engine |
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2020
- 2020-09-15 CN CN202010968954.7A patent/CN112145304A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114195524A (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2022-03-18 | 深圳前海发维新材料科技有限公司 | Application of composite material of silicon nitride and ultra-high aluminum glass in engine |
| WO2022057653A1 (en) * | 2020-09-15 | 2022-03-24 | 深圳前海发维新材料科技有限公司 | Use of bilayer composition of silicon nitride ceramic material and glass material in engine |
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Application publication date: 20201229 |