CN113548779A - Commercial kitchen waste treatment process - Google Patents
Commercial kitchen waste treatment process Download PDFInfo
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- CN113548779A CN113548779A CN202110780283.6A CN202110780283A CN113548779A CN 113548779 A CN113548779 A CN 113548779A CN 202110780283 A CN202110780283 A CN 202110780283A CN 113548779 A CN113548779 A CN 113548779A
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- treatment
- anaerobic fermentation
- kitchen waste
- fermentation tank
- microbial inoculum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
- C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/04—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses for producing gas, e.g. biogas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
- C12M45/02—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances by mechanical forces; Stirring; Trituration; Comminuting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M45/00—Means for pre-treatment of biological substances
- C12M45/04—Phase separators; Separation of non fermentable material; Fractionation
Abstract
The invention discloses a commercial kitchen waste treatment process, which comprises four steps of crushed material separation, solid material treatment, liquid material separation and liquid phase treatment, wherein acid-resistant degradation microbial inoculum is adopted to prepare an organic fertilizer or composite degradation microbial inoculum is adopted to carry out low-temperature microbial water treatment and decompose the organic fertilizer into small molecules meeting the emission standard in the liquid phase treatment, the bionic process takes a bionic technology as a core, a crushing machine, a solid-liquid separation device and an anaerobic fermentation tank are adopted as bionic machinery, the bionic machinery and a degradation bacterial colony cooperate to simulate the digestion function of animals to treat the kitchen waste, so that the volume of the kitchen waste is greatly reduced, the degradation microbial inoculum has stronger enzyme production capacity, a large amount of enzymes participate in the continuous decomposition of substances, the large molecules in the kitchen waste are converted into small molecular substances and discharged, the effective reduction rate is more than 95%, and the process is environment-friendly and has no peculiar smell; or the organic fertilizer which is rich in soluble sugar, free amino acid and other small molecular substances and can be directly absorbed and utilized by crops can be prepared, the nutrient condition of soil can be effectively improved, and the crop yield is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a kitchen waste treatment process, in particular to a commercial kitchen waste treatment process.
Background
In the prior art, in order to realize the reutilization of resources and the environmental protection, the kitchen waste is generally subjected to conversion production to obtain products such as gas, alcohol, grease and the like, but the existing process is single, so that the conversion product is single in type, the recycling rate of the kitchen waste is low, and even a large amount of useless waste is generated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a commercial kitchen waste treatment process.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a commercial kitchen waste treatment process comprises the following steps:
1) and crushed material separation: and discharging the collected kitchen waste into a crushing machine for crushing, and then transferring the crushed materials into a solid-liquid separation device for solid-liquid separation to respectively obtain solid materials and liquid materials.
2) And solid material treatment: and transferring the solid material into a wet anaerobic fermentation tank for anaerobic fermentation, introducing gas generated by the wet anaerobic fermentation into a gas treatment device, treating the gas to reach the discharge standard, and discharging the gas to the atmosphere.
3) And liquid material separation: and carrying out oil-water separation treatment on the liquid material to obtain an oil phase and a liquid phase, and transferring the oil phase into an oil storage tank for recovery.
4) And liquid phase treatment: transferring the liquid phase and the acid-resistant degradation microbial inoculum into a high-temperature anaerobic fermentation tank for high-temperature anaerobic treatment to prepare an organic fertilizer; or transferring the liquid phase and the composite degrading microbial inoculum into an anaerobic fermentation tank for low-temperature microbial water treatment, introducing gas generated by fermentation into a gas treatment device, treating the gas to reach the emission standard, and then discharging the gas to the atmosphere.
In the second step, high-purity nitrogen is firstly used for blowing off the wet anaerobic fermentation tank for 4-6min during anaerobic fermentation so as to exhaust the air in the tank, then the temperature of the wet anaerobic fermentation tank is controlled to be 35-40 ℃, the fermentation time is 25-30 days, and the fermentation tank stays for 24h after fermentation to obtain a small amount of solid residues.
In the fourth step, the acidification and degradation resistant microbial inoculum is three or more than three of bacillus, staphylococcus, pseudomonas, lactobacillus salivarius and ochrobactrum.
In the fourth step, high-temperature anaerobic treatment is carried out, high-purity nitrogen is firstly used for blowing off the high-temperature anaerobic fermentation tank for 4-6min so as to exhaust the air in the tank, then the temperature of the high-temperature anaerobic fermentation tank is controlled to be 55-60 ℃, and the fermentation time is 15-20 days, so that the organic fertilizer is prepared.
In the fourth step, the composite degrading microbial inoculum is three or more than three of cellulase, saccharomyces boulardii, beer yeast, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus rhamnosus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus natto and bacillus licheniformis.
In the fourth step, when the low-temperature microbial water is treated, high-purity nitrogen is firstly used for blowing off the anaerobic fermentation tank for 4-6min so as to exhaust the air in the tank, then the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation tank is controlled to be 20-25 ℃, the fermentation time is 15-20 days, and the generated water is vaporized.
And the gas treatment devices in the second step and the fourth step are both high-efficiency nano VOCs processors.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention takes the bionic technology as the core, adopts a crusher, a solid-liquid separation device and an anaerobic fermentation tank as bionic machinery, and simulates the digestion function of animals to treat kitchen garbage under the synergistic action of degraded bacterial colonies, so that the volume of the kitchen garbage is greatly reduced. The degrading microbial inoculum has stronger enzyme production capacity, a large amount of enzyme participates in the continuous decomposition of substances, large molecules such as starch, protein, fat and the like in the kitchen waste are converted into small molecular substances capable of being dissolved in water and discharged, the effective reduction rate is more than 95 percent, and the process is environment-friendly and has no peculiar smell; or the kitchen waste is decomposed into organic fertilizer by using a degrading microbial inoculum, and the organic fertilizer is rich in soluble sugar, free amino acid and other small molecular substances which can be directly absorbed and utilized by crops, so that the soil nutrient condition can be effectively improved, and the crop yield is increased.
Detailed Description
In the present example, the temperature and pressure are not particularly emphasized, and both are normal temperature and normal pressure.
A commercial kitchen waste treatment process comprises the following steps:
1) and crushed material separation: and discharging the collected kitchen waste into a crushing machine for crushing, and then transferring the crushed materials into a solid-liquid separation device for solid-liquid separation to respectively obtain solid materials and liquid materials.
2) And solid material treatment: and transferring the solid material into a wet anaerobic fermentation tank for anaerobic fermentation, introducing gas generated by the wet anaerobic fermentation into an efficient nano VOCs processor, treating the gas to reach the discharge standard, and discharging the gas to the atmosphere.
3) And liquid material separation: and carrying out oil-water separation treatment on the liquid material to obtain an oil phase and a liquid phase, transferring the oil phase into an oil storage tank for recycling, and using the oil phase to prepare the biofuel.
4) And liquid phase treatment: transferring the liquid phase and the acid-resistant degradation microbial inoculum into a high-temperature anaerobic fermentation tank for high-temperature anaerobic treatment to prepare an organic fertilizer; or transferring the liquid phase and the composite degrading microbial inoculum into an anaerobic fermentation tank for low-temperature microbial water treatment, introducing gas generated by fermentation into a high-efficiency nano VOCs processor, treating the gas to reach the discharge standard, and discharging the gas to the atmosphere.
In the second step, high-purity nitrogen is firstly used for blowing off the wet anaerobic fermentation tank for 4-6min during anaerobic fermentation so as to exhaust the air in the tank, then the temperature of the wet anaerobic fermentation tank is controlled to be 35-40 ℃, the fermentation time is 25-30 days, the fermentation is kept in a storage pool for 24h after the fermentation, a small amount of solid residue is obtained, and the solid residue is used for landscaping after secondary composting.
In the fourth step, the acidification and degradation resistant microbial inoculum is three or more than three of bacillus, staphylococcus, pseudomonas, lactobacillus salivarius and ochrobactrum.
Table 1 below shows the data for examples 1-4.
| Content (wt.) | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 |
| Bacillus | 0.12 | 0.13 | 0.15 | 0.09 |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 0.09 | 0.1 | 0.12 | 0.05 |
| Pseudomonas sp | 0.15 | 0.17 | 0.2 | 0.09 |
| Lactobacillus salivarius | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.1 | 0.05 |
| Ochrobactrum anthropi | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.03 |
The common degrading microbial inoculum can inhibit NH in the degradation process of the kitchen waste3And H2S is discharged, but the kitchen waste organic fertilizer is usually acidified, so that the rapid degradation of the kitchen waste can be inhibited. Therefore, the acid-resistant degradation microbial inoculum is inoculated in the kitchen waste, so that the acidification phenomenon of the kitchen waste is effectively relieved. Meanwhile, the anti-acidification degradation microbial inoculum can accelerate the utilization rate of total sugar and reducing sugar, and is beneficial to converting crude protein in the kitchen waste into free amino acid, so that the prepared organic fertilizer is rich in small molecular substances such as soluble sugar, free amino acid and the like which can be directly absorbed and utilized by crops, and has better water solubility. Can effectively improve the soil nutrient status and increase the crop yield.
In the fourth step, high-temperature anaerobic treatment is carried out, high-purity nitrogen is firstly used for blowing off the high-temperature anaerobic fermentation tank for 4-6min so as to exhaust the air in the tank, then the temperature of the high-temperature anaerobic fermentation tank is controlled to be 55-60 ℃, and the fermentation time is 15-20 days, so that the organic fertilizer is prepared.
In the fourth step, the composite degrading microbial inoculum is three or more than three of cellulase, saccharomyces boulardii, beer yeast, lactobacillus plantarum, lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus rhamnosus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus natto and bacillus licheniformis.
Table 2 below shows the data for examples 5-8.
| Content (wt.) | Example 5 | Example 6 | Example 7 | Example 8 |
| Cellulase enzymes | 210U·g-1 | 230U·g-1 | 250U·g-1 | 180U·g-1 |
| Saccharomyces boulardii | 0.13％ | 0.12％ | 0.15％ | 0.12％ |
| Beer yeast | 0.03％ | 0.04％ | 0.06％ | 0.02％ |
| Lactobacillus plantarum | 0.08％ | 0.08％ | 0.05％ | |
| Lactobacillus casei | 0.07％ | 0.08％ | 0.1％ | |
| Rhamnose milk barBacteria | 0.02 | 0.04％ | ||
| Bacillus subtilis | 0.03％ | 0.03％ | 0.02％ | |
| Bacillus natto | 0.03％ | 0.04％ | ||
| Bacillus licheniformis | 0.03％ | 0.04％ | 0.04％ |
The mixed strain fermentation is to improve the fermentation efficiency by utilizing the mutual matching of various strains. The cellulase preparation can rapidly decompose crude fiber, so that bacillus can rapidly propagate and secrete various enzyme systems such as protease, lipase, amylase and the like, and the mixed strain is more comprehensively fermented. The lactobacillus can ferment carbohydrates in the kitchen waste into lactic acid, and meanwhile, antibacterial substances such as bacteriocin and bacteriocin-like substances are generated, so that the activity of harmful microorganisms and the rapid putrefactive decomposition of organic matters are effectively inhibited. The best embodiment of the low-temperature microbial water treatment is embodiment 5, and the synergistic effect of the mixed microbial inoculum can enable the kitchen waste treatment to be more efficient and safer.
In the fourth step, when the low-temperature microbial water is treated, high-purity nitrogen is firstly used for blowing off the anaerobic fermentation tank for 4-6min so as to exhaust the air in the tank, then the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation tank is controlled to be 20-25 ℃, the fermentation time is 15-20 days, and the generated water is vaporized.
The invention takes the bionic technology as the core, adopts a crusher, a solid-liquid separation device and an anaerobic fermentation tank as bionic machinery, and simulates the digestion function of animals to treat kitchen garbage under the synergistic action of degraded bacterial colonies, so that the volume of the kitchen garbage is greatly reduced. The degrading microbial inoculum has stronger enzyme production capacity, a large amount of enzyme participates in the continuous decomposition of substances, large molecules such as starch, protein, fat and the like in the kitchen waste are converted into small molecular substances capable of being dissolved in water and discharged, the effective reduction rate is more than 95 percent, and the process is environment-friendly and has no peculiar smell; or the kitchen waste is decomposed into organic fertilizer by using a degrading microbial inoculum, and the organic fertilizer is rich in soluble sugar, free amino acid and other small molecular substances which can be directly absorbed and utilized by crops, so that the soil nutrient condition can be effectively improved, and the crop yield is increased.
The equipment in the invention is accompanied by mechanical operation sound in the operation process, and can be obviously felt in a quiet environment, and after the equipment is packaged by adopting the shell with the sound insulation function, the noise can be reduced to meet the standard of environmental noise emission standard (GB12348) in the factory boundary of industrial enterprises.
The acid-resistant degradation microbial inoculum and the composite degradation microbial inoculum are detected according to GB 15193.3 and GB/T4789.28, and the microbial inoculum is confirmed to have genetic stability, and the strains are effective and safe and harmless to the environment.
Firstly, detecting degradation efficiency
Soluble Chemical Oxygen Demand (SCOD) was measured using GB 11914-89, "determination of chemical oxygen demand for Water").
Taking 450 kitchen waste crushed aggregates, mixing the kitchen waste crushed aggregates with distilled water in equal proportion, adjusting the pH value to be neutral, averagely subpackaging the mixture into three beakers, respectively inoculating 3ml of anti-acidification degrading microbial inoculum, 3ml of composite degrading microbial inoculum and 3ml of sterilized distilled water after sterilization, respectively preparing a first comparison group, a second comparison group and a third comparison group, culturing the mixture at 37 ℃ for 48 hours, and then detecting for three times for each pair of comparison groups.
The measurement results of the organic matter concentration are shown in table 3 below.
The results of the SCOD measurements are shown in table 4 below.
From table 3, the organic matter concentrations of the comparison group one and the comparison group two are obviously reduced, which shows that the degradation and utilization efficiency of the acid-resistant degradation microbial inoculum and the composite degradation microbial inoculum to the organic matter is better.
From table 4, after the anti-acidification degradation microbial inoculum and the composite degradation microbial inoculum are inoculated, part of macromolecular organic matters of each comparison group are degraded into micromolecular soluble matters, and then the microorganisms utilize the organic matters to carry out cell proliferation, so that the anti-acidification degradation microbial inoculum and the composite degradation microbial inoculum are easy to absorb and utilize soluble micromolecular substances in the kitchen waste to synthesize new cells, and the microorganisms are promoted to grow and propagate.
The detection result shows that SCOD can rise in the later period by using the comparison group of the acidification and degradation resistant microbial inoculum, which indicates that the acidification and degradation resistant microbial inoculum can continuously hydrolyze the solid-phase macromolecular organic matters of the kitchen waste into micromolecular substances, so that the SCOD rises. The anti-acid degradation microbial inoculum can improve SCOD (soluble chemical oxygen demand) because the kitchen waste contains rich easily-degradable organic matters, and the intermediate to-be-written product of the organic matters can greatly increase micromolecule organic acids in the fermentation process, so that the environment becomes acidic, the activity of microorganisms is inhibited, and the degradation efficiency of the organic matters is reduced. The acid-resistant degradation microbial inoculum has strong micromolecular acid degradation capability, can rapidly decompose micromolecular organic acid, avoids environmental acidification, and thus improves degradation efficiency.
The above embodiments do not limit the scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make equivalent modifications and variations without departing from the overall concept of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A commercial kitchen waste treatment process is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) and crushed material separation: discharging the collected kitchen waste into a crushing machine for crushing, and then transferring the crushed materials into a solid-liquid separation device for solid-liquid separation to respectively obtain solid materials and liquid materials;
2) and solid material treatment: transferring the solid material into a wet anaerobic fermentation tank for anaerobic fermentation, introducing gas generated by the wet anaerobic fermentation into a gas treatment device, treating the gas to reach the discharge standard, and discharging the gas to the atmosphere;
3) and liquid material separation: carrying out oil-water separation treatment on the liquid material to obtain an oil phase and a liquid phase, and transferring the oil phase into an oil storage tank for recovery;
4) and liquid phase treatment: transferring the liquid phase and the acid-resistant degradation microbial inoculum into a high-temperature anaerobic fermentation tank for high-temperature anaerobic treatment to prepare an organic fertilizer; or transferring the liquid phase and the composite degrading microbial inoculum into an anaerobic fermentation tank for low-temperature microbial water treatment, introducing gas generated by fermentation into a gas treatment device, treating the gas to reach the emission standard, and then discharging the gas to the atmosphere.
2. The process of claim 1, wherein in the second step, the wet anaerobic fermentation tank is purged with high-purity nitrogen gas for 4-6min to exhaust the air in the tank, the temperature of the wet anaerobic fermentation tank is controlled at 35-40 ℃, the fermentation time is controlled at 1-3 days, and the fermentation tank is kept for 6h to obtain a small amount of solid residue.
3. The process of claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the anti-acid degradation microbial inoculum is three or more of bacillus, staphylococcus, pseudomonas, lactobacillus salivarius and ochrobactrum.
4. The process of claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the high temperature anaerobic fermentation tank is purged with high purity nitrogen for 4-6min to exhaust the air in the tank, and then the temperature of the high temperature anaerobic fermentation tank is controlled to 55-60 ℃ for 1-3 days to obtain the organic fertilizer.
5. The process of claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the composite degrading microbial inoculum is three or more of cellulase, Saccharomyces boulardii, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus natto and Bacillus licheniformis.
6. The process of claim 1, wherein in the fourth step, the anaerobic fermentation tank is purged with high purity nitrogen for 4-6min to exhaust the air in the tank, and then the temperature of the anaerobic fermentation tank is controlled to 20-25 ℃ for 1-3 days to vaporize the generated water.
7. A commercial kitchen waste treatment process according to claim 1, wherein the gas treatment units in step two and step four are high efficiency nano-VOCs treatment units.
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Citations (5)
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| JP2000262277A (en) * | 1999-01-13 | 2000-09-26 | Washi Kosan Kk | Microbial preparation |
| CN104030738A (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2014-09-10 | 习建华 | Resource-based and harmless treatment method for kitchen waste |
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| CN106636216A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-05-10 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Acidification control method for anaerobic fermentation of organic refuse |
| CN110479737A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-11-22 | 舟山新舟鱼粉机械有限公司 | A kind of method that rubbish from cooking prepares organic fertilizer |
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Patent Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000262277A (en) * | 1999-01-13 | 2000-09-26 | Washi Kosan Kk | Microbial preparation |
| CN104030738A (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2014-09-10 | 习建华 | Resource-based and harmless treatment method for kitchen waste |
| CN105802870A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-07-27 | 付顺林 | Method for treatment of organic waste with microbial composite inoculant |
| CN106636216A (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2017-05-10 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Acidification control method for anaerobic fermentation of organic refuse |
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